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    Chapter 3 Equilibrium of Particles

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    Douglas Ongom
    The document discusses equilibrium of particles, introducing the concept of a free-body diagram and how to solve particle equilibrium problems using equations of equilibrium. It defines equilibrium, conditions for equilibrium, and procedures for drawing free-body diagrams and analyzing systems in two and three dimensions through applying equations of equilibrium.

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    Chapter 3 Equilibrium of Particles

    Uploaded by

    Douglas Ongom
    23 views14 pages
    The document discusses equilibrium of particles, introducing the concept of a free-body diagram and how to solve particle equilibrium problems using equations of equilibrium. It defines equilibrium, conditions for equilibrium, and procedures for drawing free-body diagrams and analyzing systems in two and three dimensions through applying equations of equilibrium.

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    Engineering Mechanics, Topic Equilibrium of Particles

    Original Title

    Chapter 3 Equilibrium of particles

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    The document discusses equilibrium of particles, introducing the concept of a free-body diagram and how to solve particle equilibrium problems using equations of equilibrium. It defines equilibrium, conditions for equilibrium, and procedures for drawing free-body diagrams and analyzing systems in two and three dimensions through applying equations of equilibrium.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views14 pages

    Chapter 3 Equilibrium of Particles

    Uploaded by

    Douglas Ongom
    The document discusses equilibrium of particles, introducing the concept of a free-body diagram and how to solve particle equilibrium problems using equations of equilibrium. It defines equilibrium, conditions for equilibrium, and procedures for drawing free-body diagrams and analyzing systems in two and three dimensions through applying equations of equilibrium.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    EQUILIBRIUM OF

    PARTICLES
    BY GROUP THREE
    OBJECTIVES OF THE CHAPTER

    • To introduce the concept of the free-body diagram for a particle.


    • To show how to solve particle equilibrium problems using the
    equations of equilibrium.
    Introduction
    Part 1 Equilibrium in Two Dimensions
    System Isolation and the Free-Body Diagram
    Equilibrium Conditions
    Part 2 Equilibrium in Three Dimensions
    Equilibrium Conditions
    Chapter Review
    DEFINITION OF EQUILIBRIUM
    Equilibrium is the condition of a system when neither its state of motion nor its internal
    energy state tends to change with time.
    Or
    Equilibrium is the state of a particle at rest to remain at rest or in a motion with a
    constant velocity to maintain its virtue of motion.
    CONDITION FOR A BODY TO REMAIN IN
    EQUILIBRIUM.
    The summation of the forces acting on a particle equals to zero
    ∑F=0
    Satisfactory to Newton’s first law.
    When a particle is in equilibrium, it’s velocity is constant (acceleration is zero).
    From, Newton’s second law,
    ∑F = ma
    therefore; ma = 0
    a = 0 m/s2
    Hence proof that the particle moves with a constant velocity or remains at rest.
    FREE BODY DIAGRAM
    SPRINGS CABLES AND PULLEYS
    Basically Hooke’s law is applied. Assumptions:
    oCables are to be light(weight is negligible)
    F =ks where; K – stiffness and inextensible.
    s – extension oCable supports only Tension and the tension
    and; s = l-l0 acts only in the direction of the cable.
    PROCEDURES FOR DRAWING FREE BODY DIAGRAM
    ❑Draw outlined shapes. Imagine the particle is isolated from its surroundings by
    drawing its outlined shapes.
    ❑Show all forces
    Active forces- Tend to set the particle in motion
    Reactive forces – Result of constraints or supports that tend to prevent motion.

    ❑Identify Each force


    Label with proper magnitude and direction.
    COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEMS
    When a particle is subjected to a system of coplanar forces that lie in the x-y plane,
    each force can be resolved into its i and j components.
    For equilibrium;
    F=0
    Fx i + Fy j = 0
    PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS
    1. Free body diagram
     Establish the x , y axes in any suitable orientation
     Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the diagram
     The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed
    2. Equations of Equilibrium
     Apply the equations of equilibrium,

     Components are positive if directed along the positive axis and negative if directed by
    negative axis.
     If more than two unknown exist and the problem involves a spring,
    apply F= ks to relate the spring force to the deformation, s of the spring.
    EXAMPLE 1
    EXAMPLE 2.

    Free body diagram


    THREE DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
    i, j, k
    ∑Fxi + ∑Fyj + ∑Fzk = 0
    ∑Fx = 0
    ∑Fy = 0
    ∑Fz = 0
    PROCEDURES OF ANALYSIS
    Free-Body Diagram.
    • Establish the x, y, z axes in any suitable orientation.
    • Label all the known and unknown force magnitudes and directions on the diagram.
    • The sense of a force having an unknown magnitude can be assumed.

    Equations of Equilibrium.
    • Use the scalar equations of equilibrium, Fx = 0, Fy = 0, Fz = 0, in cases where it is easy to
    resolve each force into its x, y, z components.
    • If the three-dimensional geometry appears difficult, then first express each force on the free-
    body diagram as a Cartesian vector, substitute these vectors into F = 0, and then set the i , j ,k
    components equal to zero.
    • If the solution for a force yields a negative result, this indicates that its sense is the reverse
    of that shown on the free-body diagram.
    EXAMPLE FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL FORCES
    Example 3
    A 90-lb load is suspended from the hook shown in Fig. 3–10 a . If the
    load is supported by two cables and a spring having a stiffness k = 500
    lb>ft , determine the force in the cables and the stretch of the spring
    for equilibrium. Cable AD lies in the x–y plane and cable AC lies in
    the x–z plane.
    Solution
    Free body diagram

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