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2 Projection Methods

This document discusses various methods of technical drawing projections. It describes perspective projection, axonometric projection including isometric, trimetric and dimetric, and orthographic projection. Orthographic projection includes first angle and third angle projection. First angle projection places the view opposite to the viewing position, while third angle projection places it on the same side. The document provides examples of different projections and their applications in technical drawing.

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Setyo Hardono
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198 views36 pages

2 Projection Methods

This document discusses various methods of technical drawing projections. It describes perspective projection, axonometric projection including isometric, trimetric and dimetric, and orthographic projection. Orthographic projection includes first angle and third angle projection. First angle projection places the view opposite to the viewing position, while third angle projection places it on the same side. The document provides examples of different projections and their applications in technical drawing.

Uploaded by

Setyo Hardono
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Projection

Methods

Department of Mechanical Engineering


Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Engineering Drawing the rules that apply to the
layout of a drawing

the rules pertaining to the manu-


facture of the artefact
Pic. The different types of engineering drawing projections
Pic. Perspective
projection

• Perspective projection is very rarely used to draw


engineering objects.
• The problem in perspective projection is due to the single
station point that produces radiating projectors.
• In axonometric
projection, the object can
be placed at any
orientation with respect
to the viewer.
• Axonometric projection
can be divided into three
classes depending on the
orientation of the object,
trimetric, dimetric and
Pic. Axonometric projection
isometric projections.
Pic. The three types of axonometric projections

• Isometric projection is the most convenient of the three types


of axonometric projection because of the convenience of
using 30o angles and equal foreshortening.
• Dimetri can reduce
overlapping lines (as
in isometric
drawings)
• Isometri presents
objects appropriately
and there are no
shortened object sizes
Pic. Example of the method of drawing an isometric projection bearing bracket
• The projection line is not
perpendicular to the
projection plane, but
forms an arbitrary angle.
• The front surface of the
object is actually drawn,
and the depth is drawn at
an angle of 30o, 45o or 60o
to the horizontal plane
Pic. Oblique projection
 In general, the
tilted image of the
cabinet with a
depth angle of 45o
is used
 Cavalier Projection  Cabinet Projection
If the length of the depth If the depth length is
is equal to the actual shortened, for example ¾, ½, or
length 1/3.
• The front face is
always parallel to
the picture
frame and the
projectors are
perpendicular to
the picture
frame.
• In engineering
drawing there are
two laws, these Pic. Orthographic projection
are first or third
angle projection.
Pic. A folded out cardboard cornflake packet Pic. Cornflake packet in third angle projection
(courtesy of Kellogg's) (courtesy of Kellogg's)
• The view one sees from
your viewing position is
placed on the same
side as you view it
from.
• This projection is also
called the American
projection method
(Sistem Proyeksi
Pic. Third angle projection of a bracket Amerika - SPA).
• First angle projection is
the opposite to third
angle projection, which is
seen from the side of an
object, is placed on the
opposite side of that
object as if one is looking
through it.
• First angle projection is
Pic. First angle projection of a bracket
becoming the least
preferred of the two
• This projection is also called the types of projection
Europe projection method
(Sistem Proyeksi Eropa - SPE).
Pic. Geometric construction showing the meaning of first and third angle
projection
 The symbols are according to ISO 128:1982
 There cannot be two ISO standard in one engineering
drawing
 A deflector line is placed at
45o
 These horizontal and
vertical projection lines
are very convenient for
aligning the various views
and making sure that they
are in correct alignment.
 Once the views are
completed in their correct
alignment, the projection
Pic. Third angle projection of a bracket showing lines are not needed and
the projection lines
will be erased.
Object after being projected
using third angle projection

Object in a box
Projection results on 6 sides
Thank you!
Q&A

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