Scribd
Upload
47 views

Assignment

This document provides an assignment on quantum optics due on September 21, 2021 worth 50 marks. It involves several questions: 1. Calculating phase and phase uncertainty for photon states using the exponential operator. Finding average electric field and phase distribution functions. 2. Properties of creation and annihilation operators, coherent states, and Agarwal states. 3. Defining the squeeze operator and generalized annihilation operator. Proving properties of displaced squeezed states and squeezed coherent states. The assignment involves calculations of commutators, averages, and variances to analyze photon states, coherent states, squeezed states, and their properties.

Uploaded by

Pratik Patnaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views

Assignment

This document provides an assignment on quantum optics due on September 21, 2021 worth 50 marks. It involves several questions: 1. Calculating phase and phase uncertainty for photon states using the exponential operator. Finding average electric field and phase distribution functions. 2. Properties of creation and annihilation operators, coherent states, and Agarwal states. 3. Defining the squeeze operator and generalized annihilation operator. Proving properties of displaced squeezed states and squeezed coherent states. The assignment involves calculations of commutators, averages, and variances to analyze photon states, coherent states, squeezed states, and their properties.

Uploaded by

Pratik Patnaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Assignment: Quantum Optics

Marks: 50
Due date: September 21, 2021

1. While quantifying the phase and phase uncertainty is difficult for a photon state,
for a single mode field, the “exponential operator” Ê defined as:

∞
X
Ê = |ni hn + 1|
n=0

effectively plays the role of an operator eiφ̂ where φ̂ is the phase operator.
(a). Consider a state |φi that is an eigen state of Ê such that

Ê |φi = eiφ |φi .

Show that
∞
X
|φi = einφ |ni .
n=0

(b). What is hni for the state in (a).


∆n
(c). What is ∆n (standard deviation) for the state in (a). Comment on .
hni
(d). What is the average electric field hEx (z, t)i for the state in (a).
(e). Consider the wave function for a 1D cavity

1
|ψi = √ |ni + eiθ |n + 1i ,

2
D E
where θ is a real number. Find Ê for this state.
(f). For a given |ψi, we define a phase distribution function,

1
P (φ) = |hφ| ψi |2 .
2π

Give the phase distribution function for the state in (e) and verify explicitly that
R 2π
P (φ)dφ = 1. [3x6]
0
2

2. (a). Show that the creation operator ↠has no normalizable eigen states.
(b). Show that for a coherent state |αi:
 
† ∗ ∂
â |αi hα| = α + |αi hα|
∂α
 
∂
|αi hα| â = α+ |αi hα|
∂α∗
 
† ∗ ∂
The state â |αi = α + |αi is known as the Agarwal State |α, 1i. Agarwal
∂α
states for order n can be written as |α, ni = â†n |αi . [4+6]

3. The squeeze operator is defined as


 
1 ∗ 2 †
S(ξ) = exp (ξ â − ξâ ) ,
2

where ξ = reiθ is called the squeeze parameter.


(i) Show that the generalized annihilation operator defined as A = S(ξ)âS † (ξ)
can be written as
A = âcoshr + ↠exp(iθ)sinhr

(ii) Prove that


D(α)S(ξ) = S(ξ)D(β),

where β = αcoshr + α∗ exp(iθ)sinhr and D(α) is the displacement operator. [4+4]


(b) The displaced, squeezed vacuum state is given by |α, ξi = D(α)S(ξ) |0i. An
alternative quadrature squeezed state is the squeezed coherent state

|ξ, αi = S(ξ)D(α) |0i .

(i) Show that the above two states are not the same by calculating the commu-
tator [S(ξ), D(α)] . Assume for simplicity that |ξ|  1.
3

(ii) Find out :


A.hξ, α| â |ξ, αi
B.hξ, α| â2 |ξ, αi
C.hξ, α| ↠â |ξ, αi [3x3]
(iii). Using these results show that if ξ = r where r is real and positive, then for
state |ξ, αi,
1
∆X1 = e−r
2
1
∆X2 = er
2
It is interesting to note that though these two states (squeezed vacuum and
squeezed coherent) are different, they have the same quadrature variances. [5]

You might also like