Q3 / W3

SHS

Capstone Project /
Research

Quarter 3
Learning Activity Sheet 3
MELC 3-4: The Scientific Literature
Negros Occidental High School

Government Property
NOT FOR SALE
Capstone Project/Research
Activity Sheet No. 3 - The Scientific Literature
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

Negros Occidental High School
Araneta St. Bacolod City

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by Negros Occidental High School to suit its
learners. 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission from Negros Occidental High
School.
Development Team of Capstone Project Activity Sheet

Writer: RONILO V. APONTE

Modified by: Negros
Eunice A. Malala Occidental High School
Cover Page Designer: Deyru J. Morancil

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Donna Bella O. Aposaga, AP II – Academics, SHS
Jesus V. Chavez, AP II - Operations
NOT FOR SALE
Josette S. Terrora, Principal IV

Introductory Message

Welcome to Capstone Research!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the Schools Division of Iloilo
and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management
Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.
The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to guide the learners in
accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the contextualized resources in the community.
This will also assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for
productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Capstone Research Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-learning activities
specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter
between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the
independent learning.

For the learner:

The Capstone Research Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if you are
not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities
and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Capstone Research Activity Sheet No. 3
THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

I. LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE

• Set selection criteria for studies relevant to a chosen scientific problem
(STEM_RP12-IIa-e-3)
• Review, digest, and concisely state the relevance of the studies cited
(STEM_RP12-IIa-e-4)

II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

There are different formats for thesis paper writing. However, in writing
scientific paper, IMRaD format is mostly followed because it highlights
essential and concise parts of the scientific paper. The acronym IMRaD
stands for “I” Introduction, “M” Materials and Methods, “R” Results and “D”
for Discussion. Among these major parts of the IMRaD, it is in the
Introduction and in the Discussion parts where relevant and supportive
related concepts and studies are presented logically and coherently
(Todoroviæ, 2003). Furthermore, the Materials and Methods part is also
based on sound literature, unless your study is focused on the refinement
of the procedure itself.

Steps in writing the review of related literature:

1. Identify the key words in your study. Use these key words to search for
related scientific articles or state of the art.
2. Consider websites that are legitimate and non-predatory.
3. Use APA (American Psychological Association) format for
in-text/parenthetical citation and bibliographical citation or the Chicago
Manual of Style (CMOS). This is prescribed by your school or by the
organizer of a specific organization where you would like to present
your study.
4. Always paraphrase related literature included in your study and cite
sources properly. Review guidelines to avoid committing plagiarism.
Long citations should be paraphrased. In this case, you should restate
the author's thoughts in your own words; however, the author must still
be recognized (Chua, E 2021).
5. Use current related literature and study dependent on the research
development in the field.

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 6. In the development of your Capstone project, you need related studies
that will support your endeavor in elucidating the step-by-step process
of a scientific study. Also, related studies may either support the
findings or contradict it.

Table 1 reflects the parts of the manuscript where you need to

review the related literatures properly:

Table 1. IMRaD sections that require literature review.

Expected literature for Example
IMRaD
citation

INTRODUCTION
• Current • At least two relevant • The only way to
state of the findings in the current field protect oneself against
field of study pathogens is
• Trend about new sources establishing a strong
of samples being immune system.
investigated upon
• Current • At most two conceptual • Immuno-boosting
practices in literatures to describe the requires intake of
addressing scientific concept. antioxidant such as
the issue • At least two related studies Vitamin C.
to support the claim. • Vitamin C comes from
fruits.
• Research • At most three related • Fruits are the common
gap studies to establish that sources of Vitamin C
such area was not fully however it’s expensive
investigated. and not always
available.
• Contribution • At least one study to • Other plant species
of the support that such sources can be potential
current or samples can potentially sources of Vitamin C.
study be tapped.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Material • There are various methods • Exception: Unless your
and to be utilized and as much study is focused on the
procedure as possible look for method refinement.
sources of methods that
are available in your locality
and practical at the same
time.

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 • Data • In the testing or data • Exception: Innovative
gathering gathering, it is best to study like invention
and follow from related studies may adopt a locally
analysis unless your work is novel. proven test for what
the invention is
intended to function.
• Disposal (if • Disposal of chemical and • Exception: Device
applicable) waste product should be invention needless to
based on recognized be disposed.
disposal procedures.
DISCUSSION • At least three related • The darker the purple
studies that support the color the higher is the
findings of your study or the Vitamin C content of
principle behind the the vegetables.
outcome of the study Montalban (2020)
findings proved that
vegetables such as
carrots and cabbage
contain Vitamin C.
REFERENCE • Bibliographical citation of • APA/CMOS format
all in-text citation in the
IMRaD paper.

III. ACTIVITY PROPER

Directions: You may work in small group (form a GC) or individual. Read
and follow the procedure carefully. Write your answers in your logbook.

Activity 1: Supportive or contradictory literature?

Materials
Literature review in the field of study.
Procedure:
1. Following the guidelines provided in the Table 1 above, search in the
web about the review of related literature and studies that will
support the study presented below.
2. You can download the file but you need only the key phrase or
sentence. You need to copy or paste a copy of the original text in
your logbook. Then write in the opposite space the paraphrased
version and cite the source of the sentence.
3. To test your skill in doing intensive literature review, fill in your
relevant in-text literature in the table below following the parts of
IMRaD until the materials and methods only.

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 Table 2. Literature review
Title: Qualitative Determination of Vitamin C Presence in
Locally Available Vegetables
IMRaD
Expected literature for citation
INTRODUCTION
• Current state of
the field
• Current practices
in addressing the
issue
• Research gap

• Contribution of
the current study
MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Material and
procedure
• Data gathering
and analysis
• Disposal (if
applicable)
Guide Questions:
1. What ethical issues are resolved in doing literature review?
2. How do you resolve these critical issues?
3. What is the role of literature review in proposing a scientific study?

IV.REFLECTION
As a young researcher, what challenges did you overcome in doing the
literature review?

V. ANSWER KEY
None

VI.Links and Other References

Todoroviæ, L. (2003). Original (scientific) paper - the IMRAD layout,
Educational paper UDC: 006.05:001.818 Archive of Oncology
2003;11(3):203-5

Name: __________________________________________________
Capstone
Q3 / Week 3
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Grade&Section: __________________________________________
PERFORMANCE TASK # 3
Direction: Accomplish the table below.

Activity: My Study in IMRaD Format

Direction: Following the same guidelines above, fill in Table 3 for the relevant information and
literature review of your proposed study.

Table 3. Literature review of your proposed study

Title of your proposed study:

IMRaD
Cited literature
INTRODUCTION
• Current state of
the field

• Current practices
in addressing the
issue

• Research gap

• Contribution of the
current study

MATERIALS AND METHODS

• Material and

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 procedure

• Data gathering and

analysis

• Disposal
(if applicable)

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