1.

KAREWA- J&K----ZAFRAN CULTIVATION

2. RAJASTHAN-
 LAKE PICHOLA (UDAIPUR, ART. FRESH WATER LAKE)
 ART. INLAND PORT TO CONNECT TO A. SEA

3. KERALA
 ERNAKULAM NP
 HIGHEST PK: ANAMUDI ( KERALA, S. INDIA,
W.GHAT)
 LONGEST RIVER: BHARATHAPUZHA/ PONNANI
 2ND LONGEST: PERRIYAR

4. T. NADU
 SHEVAROY/ SARVARYAN HILLS
 VAIGAI RIVER
 KODAIKANAL ( PALANI HILLS) MEANS
PRINCESS OF HILL STATIONS
 SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE:
ECOLOGICAL LINK B/W E AND W GHATS

5. NILGIRI
 HIGHEST PK: DODABETA
 JUNCTION B/W E & W GHAT
 PALAKKAD PASS: SOUTH OF NILGIRI, CONNECT
COIMBATORE (TN) & PALLAKAD ( KERALA)

1
6. MOUNTAIN RELATED INFOS:

 KANCHENJUNGA- 1ST/3RD
 NANDA DEVI-2ND/23RD

 KARAKORAM RANGE:
BALTORO GLC: BORDERS
INDIA, CHINA, PAK,

HIMALAYAS:
(ANNAPURNA RANGE BELONGS HERE)
I. GREATER
II. LESSER ( PIR-PANJAL)
III. SHIWALIK ( AP, BHUT, WB, NEP, UK, HP, JK)

 ALTITUDE VARIATION GREATER IN EASTERN

HIMALAYA THAN WESTERN HIMALAYA

 NEPAL HIMALAYA DEMARCATED BY: KALI (

SHARDA) IN UK) & TISTA IN SIKKIM
 ASSAM HIMALAYA DEMARCATED BY TISTA &
DHIANG RIVER

 PURVANCHAL HILLS FOUND IN NE-STATES ARE

MADE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 LANDSLIDE IS MAJOR IN TRANS HIM REGION

LIKE LADHAK/ SPITI BCOZ:
 LESS PRECIPITATION

2
  LANDSLIDE IS RAIN SHADOW REGINS OF
WESTERN EASTERN GHATS & DECCAN
PLATEAU:
 BCOZ: HEAVY RAIN

BHABAR BELT: NORTHERN MOST BELT OF INDO-

GANGETIC PLAINS, POROUS, STREAMS GETS
SUBMERGED AND REIMMERGES IN TERAI REGION
BUGYALS : SUMMER GRASSLANDS IN HIGHER
REACHES, LIVES HERE BHOOTIAS

VINDHYA AND SATPURA RANGES, BOTH IN MP,

MEETS AT AMARKANTAK OF MP

AGE WISE:

I. ARAVALLI: RAJASTHAN
II. W-GHAT
III. VINDHAYA
IV. SATPURA
V. NILGIRI
VI. HIMALAYA ( YOUNGEST FOLD MNOUNTAINS)
BLOCK MT: VOSGES (FRANCE, BORDERS
GERMANY)

3
PENINSULAR PLATEAU:
 NORTH-WEST- DELHI RIDGE
 EAST: RAJHMAHAL HILLS ( JHAR)
 WEST: GIR RANGE
 SOUTH: CARDAMOM (KERALA)

HILL STATIONS ( HIGH TO LOW)

I. OOTY
II. SHIMLA
III. DARLEELING
IV. MUSUROOIE

RANGES AND THEIR HIGHEST PEAKS:

 NILGIRI- DODABETTA
 SATPURA: MT DHOOPGHAR, NEAR
PACHMARHI, MP
 ARAVALLI: MT ABU, GURU SHEKHAR,
RAJASTHAN

GHAT/ LA/ PASS

 BHOR GHAT: MAHA

 PAL/PALAKKAD: BORDERS TN & KERALA,

CONNECTS COIMBATORE & PALAKKAD, ITS
NORTH: NILGIRI, SOUTH: ANNAMALAI

4
  BOLAN: BALUCHISTAN, PAK
 ZOJILA/ CHANGLA: J& K (ZOJI CONNECT- LEH +
SRINAGAR)
 KUNZUM: HP
 LIPULEKH: UK ( MANASSAROOVAR CONNCET)
 JELEP LA/ NATHU LA: SIKKIM
 SELA: ARUN PRADESH

E.GHAT PARTS:
 NALLAMALLA
 SHEVAROY
 PALAKONDA

7. ISLAND RELATED INFOS:

 REUNION IS= FRENCH DEPT, VOLCANIC ORIGIN
 TOTAL IS OF IND: 615, 43-AS, 572 BOB
 8 DEG: MINICOY + MALDIVES
 9 DEG: MINICOY + LAKKSHADEEP ( 36 ATTOLS)
 10 DEG: ANDAMAN VS NICOBAR
 DUNCAN PASSAGE: SOUTH VS LITTLE ANDAMAN
 GRAND CHANNEL: GREAT NICOBAR ( HAS INDIRA
POINT) VS SUMATRA IS OF INDONESIA
 COCO IS: NORTH AND VS COCO IS OF MYAN
 PALK ST: IND VS SRI

5
 SOUTH ANDA: PORT BLAIR
 NORTH ANDA: SADDLE POINT, HIGHEST [POINT
OF ANDA
 MIDDLE ANDA: BARREN IS
o BARREN IS 140 KM EAST OF
PORT BLAIR
o AFTER 150 YRS DORMANCY
ERUPTED IN 1991
o LATEST ERRUPTION-2005

8. COASTLINE RELATED INFOS:

 LONGEST- GUJ
 TOTAL- 9 STATES
GUJ, MAHA, GOA, KARNA, KERALA, TN, AP, ORI,
WB

 TROPIC OF CANCER (23.5 DEG NORTH) 8 STATES-

GUJ/ RAJ/ MP/ CHATTIS/ JHAR/ WB/ TRI/ MIZO

 CHANDIPUR BEACH: ORISSA

o THE BEACH IS UNIQUE IN A WAY THAT THE
WATER RECEDES UP TO 5 KILOMETERS
DURING THE EBB TIDE.
o WALK ON SEAFLOOR
o DUE TO ITS UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES, THE
BEACH SUPPORTS BIODIVERSITY.
o HORSESHOE CRAB IS ALSO FOUND HERE.

6
9. LAND BOUNDARY:

 INT BORDER- 1ST BAN, CHINA, PAK, NEP, MYN,

BHU, AFG

 BAN: WB, ASSAM, MEGH, TRI, MIZO

 CHINA: (LENGTH-WISE ARRANGED) Total 3488
I. Jammu & Kashmir,
II. Arunachal Pradesh.
III. Uttarakhand
IV. Sikkim
V. Himachal Pradesh
 Border Guarding Force The Indo-Tibetan Border
Police Force (ITBP) is the Border Guarding Force
at Indo-China Border.

 PAK:
I. J&K (1ST)
II. PUN
III. RAJ (2ND)
IV. GUJ
V. RADCLIFFE LINE
VI. PAK-AFG- DURAND LINE

 NEPAL:
UK
UP
BIHAR 1ST
WB
SIKKIM

7
  MYN:
AP: 1ST
NAGA (KOHIMA)
MANI (IMPHAL)
MIZO (AWIZAL

 BHUTAN:
AP
ASSAM 1ST
WB
SIKKIM

NORTH-EAST STATES BORDER:

(NAKO MANI MIZO AI)

I. ASSAM: ALL NE STATES + B’DESH+ BHUTAN

II. AP: ASSAM, BHUTAN , CHINA, MYN, NAGA
III. NAGA: AP, MYN, MANI, ASSAM
IV. MANI: NAGA, MYN, MIZO, ASSAM
 LOKTAK LAKE (PHUMDIS)
 THANG-TA DANCE
 KHONGIOM-PARBA BALLAD

V. MIZO: MANI, MYN, TRI, ASSAM

 LUSHAI MOUNTAIN ( MIZO TRIPURA BORDER,
PHAWNGUI, BLUE MT, HIGHEST PEAK)
 KNOWN AS MOLASSES BASIN ( SOFT DEPOSIT
OF MARINE / TERRESTIAL ORG)
 CHAPCHUR KUT FESTIVAL

8
VI. TRI: ASSAM, MIZO , BDESH
VII. MEGH: ASSAM + BDESH
 LYTEIN RIVER

10. RIVER INFOS:

 WEST FLOWING RIVERS DRAINS IN ARABIAN SEA:

NARMADA
o ORIGIN- AMARKANTAK, MAIKAL RANGE, MP
o FORMS ESTAURIES
o RIFT VALLEY FLOW LIKE DAMODAR

TAPTI (
o ORIGIN- MULTAI IN BETUL DISTRICT OF
MADHYA PRADESH IN THE SATPURA RANGE,
LIES B/W NARMADA AND GODAVARI)

SABARMATI:
o ORIGIN: DHEVAR LAKE, ARAVALLI RANGE,
UDAIPUR DIST. )
LUNI
o ( ORIGIN: ARAVALLI, PUSHKAR VALLEY, AJMER
DIST. DRAINS IN RANN OF KUTCH NOT IN AS,
SATES: RAJ & GUJ)

BHARATHAPUZHA PERRIYAR ( KERALA)

MANDOVI & JUARI (GOA)
SHARAVATI ( ORIGIN: SHIMOGA DIST, KAR, JOG
FALLS/GERUSOPPE FALLS)

9
ARAVALLI VINDHAYA SATPURA AMARKANTAK
RAJASTHAN MP MP MP
PUSHKAR VALLEY:
LUNI CHAMBAL TAPTI NARMADA
SON
I. longest
southern
tributary of
Ganga
II. Rihand is
UDAIPUR BETWA Son’s
SABARMATI KALI SINDH Tributary

RIVER DISPUTES:
 KRISHNA: KAR + MAHA
 KAEVRI: KAR + TN
 VAMSADHARA ( LIES B/W MAHA & GODAVARI): AP
+ ORISSA

WATER DIVIDES:

o AMBALA: INDUS SYSTEM + GANGAS SYSTEM

o SATPURA RANGE: NARMADA VS TAPTI
o TEESTA: WB VS SIKKIM BORDER

i. BRAHMAPUTRA:

ORIGIN: TIBET- YARLUNG TSNGPO ( ANGSI

GLACIER)
NAMES: AP- SIANG ( DIHANG= PLAIN)

10
 FEATURE: HAS BRAIDED CHANNELS IN ITS
ENTIRE LENGTH IN ASSAM
LARGEST RIVERINE ISL;AND OF THE WORLD:
MAJULI ON BRAHMAPUTRA, IN ASSAM

IMP TRIBUTARIES:

TISTA
o SOURCE: PAHUNRI GLC OF SIKKIM,
o SIKKIM’S LONGEST RIVER,
o FORMS BORDER OF WB & SIKKIM,
o ITS TRIBUTARY IS RANGEET WHICH
ORIGINATES IN WEST SIKKIM AND ALSO
BORDERS WB & SIKKIM
o ENTERS BDESH THOUGH COACH BIHAR &
MEETS BRAHMAPUTRA IN NORTH
BDESHSANKOSH

SUBANSIRI ( ORIGIN: TIBET)

LOHIT
KAMENG
 DIBANG

ASSAM- DHUBRI –
o BRAHMAPUTRA GOES TO B’DESH (
JAMUNA)- MEETS TEESTA ( ENTERS
THROUGH COACH BIHAR, WB) -NORTH
B’DESH,
o JOINT STREAM MEETS PADMA ( GANGA)
o FORM MEGNA- DRAINS TO BOB

11
 BRIDGES:

I. NARANARYAN SETU ON BRAHMAPUTRA

II. BHUPEN HAZARIKA SETU OR DHOLA–SADIYA

BRIDGE:
o IT IS THE LONGEST BRIDGE IN INDIA OVER
WATER ( 9.15 KILOMETRES (5.69 MI)).
o TYPE: BEAM BRIDGE
o CONNECTS: ASSAM AND ARUNACHAL

PRADESH.
o OF DHOLA (TINSUKIA DISTRICT) IN THE

SOUTH TO SADIYA TO THE NORTH.

o RIVER: LOHIT RIVER
o NOTE: THE 9.76 KILOMETRES
(6.06 MI) KACCHI DARGAH–BIDUPUR
BRIDGE ON GANGA UNDER
CONSTRUCTION IN BIHAR, IS EXPECTED
TO BECOME THE LONGEST BRIDGE IN
INDIA .

III. THE BOGIBEEL BRIDGE

o BOGIBEEL RIVER BRIDGE IS THE LONGEST

RAIL-CUM-ROAD BRIDGE IN INDIA,
MEASURING 4.94 KILOMETRES OVER THE
BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER.
o STATE: ASSAM BETWEEN DHEMAJI
DISTRICT AND DIBRUGARH DISTRICT,[1]

12
 ii. GANGA:

5 PRAYAG:

o ALAKNANDA ( SATOPANTH GLC), CHAMOLI

DIST. UK
o + DHAULI GANGA= VISHNU ( AT
BADRINATH)
o + NANDAKINI= NANDA
o +PINDAR= KARNA
o + MANDAKINI ( KEDARNATH) = RUDRA
o + BHAGIRATHI ( GONGOTRI GLC)= DEV (
GANGA FORMS)

TEHRI DAM ON BHAGARATHI, LONGEST DAM-

260 m

IMP TRIBUTARIES:

LEFT BANK:

 RAMGANGA,
 GOMTI : MENTIONED IN PURANA, TRANSCENTAL
RIVER
 GHAGRA-
o BY VOLUME, LARGEST TRI OF GANGA
o ALSO CALLED KARNALI,
o ORIGIN: MANASORVAR,
o COMES THROUGH NEPAL,

13
 o LONGEST IN NEPAL,
o MEETS SARDA ( KNOWN AS KALI, KALAPANI,
UK ORIGIN) AT BRAHMAGHAT, INDIA)
o GANDAK
 KOSHI ( SORROW OFF BIHAR)

RIGHT BANK TRI:

 YAMUNA- LONGEST TRI OF GANGA
 TAMSA
 SON ( LARGEST SOUTHERN TRI OF GANGA,
ORIGIN: AMARKANTAK, MP)
 PUNPUN
 DAMODAR ( WB+ JHAR, SORROEW OF BENGAL,
SOURCE: RAMGARH DIST OF CHOTANAGPUR,
JHARKHAND )

YAMUNA

RIGHT BANK TRI:

CHAMBAL :
o SOURCE: JANAPAV HILLS VINDHYA RANGE
MP, FLOWS IN KOTA, MP & UP
o CHAMBAL’S IMP TRI IS KALI SINDH (
ORIGIN: VINDHYA RANGE, BAGLI DIST. MP)
SINDH
BETWA
o ORIGIN: VINDHYA RANGE, HOSHANGABAD,
MP: FLOWS IN MP & UP
KEN

14
 LEFT:
o HINDON
o RIND
o SENGAR
o VARUBNA
o TONS ( LONGEST TRI OF YAMUNA)

iii. INDUS RIVER:

o ORIGIN: TIBET, MANASOORVAR

o PASSES THROUGH LEH TO PAK

IMP RIGHT BANK TRI:

o SHYOK ( ITS TRI IS NUBRA: NORTH OF
NUBRA VALLEY: SIACHEN)
o GILGIT
o GOMAL
o KABUL
o KURRAM

IMP LEFT BANK TRI: ( WEST TO EAST)

 ZANSKAR
 JHELUM: SOUTH KASHNIR ORIGIN
 CHENAB:
o ORIGIN: CONFLUENCE OF CHANDRA &
BHAGA,
o BY VOLUME LARGEST TRI
 RAVI: BANK: LAHORE

15
 BEAS
o MERGES WITH SATLUJ,
o STATES: HP AND PUNJAB

SATLUJ:
o LONGEST TRI OF INDUS
o ORIGIN TIBET
o GOES TO PAK THROUGH INDIA
o BHAKRA-NANGAL DAM
o INDIRA GANDHI CANAL: LONGEST CANAL
OF INDIA, STARTS: HARIKKE BARRAGE-
CONFLUENCE OF BEAS & SATLUJ, PUNJAB
ENDS IN RAJASTHAN.

INDUS WATER TREATY 19TH SEPT 1960 SAYS

INDIA CAN USE WATER OF LAST THREE
RIVERS.

iv. GODAVARI:

 LONGEST IN SOUTH INDIA/ DAKSHIN

GANGA, VRIDHA GANGA
 2ND LONGEST IN INDIA
 SOURCE: TRIMBAKESHWAR NASHIK,
MAHARASHTA
 NIZAM SAGAR PROJECT

16
LEFT BANK TRIBUTARIES:

o PURNA
o PRANAHITA
o INDRAVATI
o SABARI
o TALIPERU
o WENN GANGA
o PEN GANGA
o WARDHA
o DUDHANA

RIGHT BANK:
o MANJIRA
o PRAVARA
o MULI
o VEDAPAGU

v. KRISHNA:
 SOURCE: MAHABALESHWAR
 ALSO CALLED : KRISHNAVENI

RIGHT BANK: GHATAPRABHA, MALLAPRABHA,

TUNGASBHADRA ( HAMPI ON ITS BANK)

LEFT BANK: MUSI ( HYDERABAD ON ITS BANK,

KOYNA, MUNNERU.

17
vi. KAVERI:
 SOURCE: BHARMAGIRI OF KARNA ,
TALAKAVERI
 FLOWS THROUGH: KAR, KERALA, TN,
PONDI

IMP TRIBUTARIES:
o SHIMSHA
o AMRAVATI
o HEMAVATI
o ARKABATI
o KABINI
( ORIGIN: KERALA’S KHOZIKODE DIST:
MERGES WITH KAVERI IN MYSORE IN KAR)
o BHAVANI
o LAKSHMAN TIRTHA
o NOYYAL

VII. PENNERU/ PENNA

o ORIGIN: NANDI HILLS CHIKABALLAPUR
DIST OF KARNA
o FLOWS THROUGH KAR, AP AND BOB

VIII. MAHANADI :
o ORIGIN: SIHAWA MOUNTAIN IN
CHHATTISGARH,
o FLOWS THROUGH ORISSA & CHATTISGARH

IX. SUBARNAREKHA
o SOURCE- CHOTANAGPUR, JHARKHAND

18
 o FLOWS THROUGH: WB, ORISSA, JHAR

11. FLORA/ FUAUNA INFOS

TROPICAL WET EVERGREEN FOREST

LOCATIION:
o WETERN SLOPE OF W GHAT
o HIGH LAND OF ASSAM
o AP
o NAGA
o MANI
o MIZO
o TRI
o MEGH
o ANDA NICO

o FEATURES: ANNUAL RAIN > 250 cm

o ANNUAL TEM 25 TO 27 DEG C
o HUMIDITY 77%

TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS FOREST

LOCATION
o JHARKHAND
o ORISSA
o CHATTIS
o KARNATAKA
o EAST SLOPE OF WESTERN GHAT

19
 TREES:

I. TEAK
II. ARJUN
III. BAMBOO
IV. SAL
V. SANDALWOOD
VI. SAL
VII. SHISHAM
VIII. KHAIR
IX. KUSUM
X. MULBERRY

o BLUE-FINNED MAHSEER- CAUVERY

o IRRAWADY DOLPHIN: MEKONG
o RUSTY-SPOTTED CAT- EASTERN GHAT

MINES & RESERVES:

MOSTLY COAL & FERROUS MINERALS ARE FOUND

IN ORISSA, JHARKHAND, CHATTISGARH

 SHALE GAS RESERVE:

o CAMBAY BASIN
o GOD-KRISHNA BASIN
o CAUVERY BASIN
o ASSAM-ARAKAN BASIN
o INDO-GANGETIC BASIN
o GONDWANA BASIN

20
 ( CONSISTED OF SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA,
AUS, ANTARTICA, MADAGASCAR, ARABIAN
PENINSULA , INDIA)

i. SINGARENI COAL MINE: TELENGANA

ii. TUMMALAPALLE URANIUM MINE: ANDHRA (
PULICAT LAKE & KOLLERU LAKE, FOUND
BY ATOMIC ENERY COMISSION DAE (
UNDER PM)
iii. KAIGA NUCLERA POWER PLANT: KARNA
iv. DAHEJ-LNJ TERMINAL: GUJ
v. SAND: MINOR MINERAL
STATE GOVT CAN FRAME LAWS TO PREVENT
ILLEGAL MINING OF MINOR MINERALS

THORIUM:
MINERALS: THORITE: ThSiO4, THORIANITE
(ThO2 + UO2), MONAZITE
AVAILABILITY OF URANIUM IS GREATER THAN
THORIUM
THORIUM CONC NEAR EARTH SURFACE
MAPPED BY GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY

12. PLACES OF IMPORTANCE:

i. GARDEN REACH: WB
ii. HINDUSTAN SHIPYARD: ANDHRA
iii. MAZGAON PORT: MAHA

21
 iv. KANDLA PORT: GUJRAT, TIDAL PORT, 1ST
PORT DEVELOPED AFTER INDEPENDENCE.
v. KOCHIN PORT: EXTREME SOUTH-WESTERN
PORT WITH NATURAL LAGOON /HARBOR
vi. CHENNAI PORT: ONE OF THE OLDEST
ARTIFICIAL PORT
vii. TUTICORN PORT: EXTREME
SOUTHEASTERN PORT IN TNADU

viii. BODHGAYA: BIHAR

ix. BAGELKHAND: MP+ UP
x. KHAJURAO: MP (BUNDELKHAND)
xi. SHIRDI: MAHA
xii. NASHIK: BANK OF GODAVARI
xiii. VIDHARBHA: NAGPUR
xiv. TIRUPATI: RALASEEMA
xv. SRISAILAM: ANDHRA, NALLAMALLA HILLS,
LORD: MALLIKARJUNA
xvi. OMKARESHWAR: MADHYA PRADESH,
MANDHATA HILLS, NARMADA MAKES OM
HERE
xvii. PUSHKAR VALLEY: RAJASTHAN ,
ARAVALLI, AJMER
xviii. MAHADEO RANGE: MP
xix. DELHI & BENGALORE : 77 E LONGITUDE
xx. PANDHARPUR ( MAHARASHTRA) : BANK OF
CHANDRABHAGA OR BHIMA WHICH IS TRI
OF KRISHNA
xxi. TIRUCHILAPALLI ( TN): BANKS OF
CAUVERY
xxii. HAMPI: BANKS OF TUNGA BHADRA

22
o NAGALAND TO KOTYYAM (KERALA):
7 SATE CROSS

NAGA, ASSSAM, WB, ORISSA, ANDHRA, TN OR

KAR, KERALA
CHENAI TO KOLKATA:

i. PENNERU/ PENNA ( ORIGIN: NANDI HILLS

CHIKABALLAPUR DST OF KAR, FLOWS
THROUGH KAR, AP AND BOB))
ii. KRISHNA
iii. GODAVARI
iv. MAHANADI ( ORIGIN: SIHAWA MOUNTAIN IN
CHHATTISGARH, ORISSA & CHATTISGARH)
v. SUBARNAREKHA SOURCE-
CHOTANAGPUR, JHARKHAND, ( WB,
ORISSA, JHAR:)

INDIAN RAIN:

SUMMER: LOW P BELT: N-WEST INDIA

WIND: SOUTH-WEST MONSOON ( OI DIRECTION
THEKE ASCHE)

23
 DAMS:

River: Kaveri
Oldest Dam in Kallanai Dam(Tamil Location: Tamil
India Nadu) Nadu

Height: 260 meters

River: Bhagirathi
Highest Dam Tehri Dam River
in India (Uttarakhand) Location:
Uttarakhand

Total Length: 25.79

km
Length of Main
Longest Dam Hirakud Dam
Dam:4.8 km
in India (Odisha)
River: Mahanadi
Location: Odisha

 Bhakra Nangal Dam is on Setluj river.

 GOVIND BALLABH PANT SAGAR, LARGEST DAM

IN INDIA BY VOLUME IS ON RIHAND RIVER OF UP.
RIHAND RIVER IS A TRI OF SON RIVER WHICH
JOINS GANGA FROM SOUTH

24