International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 5 Issue 6, September-October 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

An Experimental Study on Soil

Stabilization by Using Bio-Enzymes
Anushka Shrivastava1, Dr. Anil Kumar Saxena2
1
Research Scholar, 2Professor,
1,2
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Anushka

Normal The conventional methods are time consuming and are not Shrivastava | Dr. Anil Kumar Saxena
efficiently feasible. Hence there is a need to find the other possible "An Experimental Study on Soil
ways to assure the performance as well as economical criteria. These Stabilization by Using Bio-Enzymes"
enzymes have been confirmed to be very effective and economical. Published in
International
Another benefit of the bioenzyme is that these are environment
Journal of Trend in
friendly. The efficiency of bio enzyme depends upon the quantity of Scientific Research
dosage, type of soil and curing period. In our country vast areas and Development
consist of black soils. As the conservative soil stabilizers like gravel, (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
sand and others are depleting and becoming dear day by day at a very 6470, Volume-5 | IJTSRD47686
rapid pace, it becomes essential to look towards for alternative eco- Issue-6, October
friendly stabilizers as their alternate. Recently a lot of Bio-enzymes 2021, pp.1644-1650, URL:
have emerged as cost effective stabilizers for soil stabilization. Some www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47686.pdf
such type of bio-enzyme, like Terazyme, bagasse ash, lime etc. has
been used in the present work. Recently many Bio-enzymes have Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and
emerged as value powerful stabilizers for soil stabilization. One such International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
bio-enzyme, Terrazyme, has been used within side the gift paintings
Journal. This is an
to take a look at its impact at the Unconfined Compressive electricity Open Access article
of the Black Cotton soil. It has been located that Terrazyme dealt distributed under the
with Black Cotton soil suggests vast boom in Unconfined terms of the Creative Commons
Compressive electricity with longer curing period. Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
KEYWORDS: Black Cotton Soil, Bagasse ash, Stabilization, Lime,
Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, CBR test, bioenzyme
I. INTRODUCTION
Black cotton is one of the expansive soil available in eruption by the cooling action of lava. These soil
India. Black cotton soil is an expansive soil that shows high plasticity nature. The major clay mineral
generally available in the tropical zones. Their is montmorillonite. Because of montmorillonite group
appearance varies from black colour to brown color. mineral those clays showcase greater swelling and
In our country black cotton soil occupies nearly 20% shrinkage characteristic. The predominant trouble
of the available land. Expansive soil principal with this form of minerals is instability of earth
component typically determined in relevant material. Expansive soils are difficult once they lose
component and a few locations in south India. water content, and the some other day in the event
Expansive soils recognized through black cotton soil that they seize water they emerge as smooth in nature.
are to be had within side the Deccan plateau fields In Maharashtra area the expansive soils are diagnosed
(Deccan Trap) together with Madhya Pradesh, with the aid of using name “Black 1Cotton” soil.
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and in a few These soils own vulnerable homes because of
components of Odisha, within side the Indian sub- presence of clay minerals recognised as
continent. Black cotton soil to be had within side the “Montmorillonite”. Typical behaviour of soil
valley of river Tapti, Narmada, Godavari and outcomes into failure of shape in shape of settlements
Krishna. The west side of Deccan plateau and in cracks etc.
upper portion of Krishna and Godavari basin. In this
II. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH WORK:
area the black cotton soil depth is very narrow. These
To study the physical and mechanical performance of
soils formed by the residual action of basalt or trap
industrial waste polymer fiber used in the concrete
rocks. The other reason behind formation of these
mixtures.
soils is weathering of igneous rocks, after volcanic

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1. To prepare the various proportions of polymer little to excessive development in bodily houses.
modified concrete using industrial waste fiber. Little development might be because of soil
constituent, which has low reactivity with Bio-
2. To determine the optimum use of industrial waste
Enzymes. There turned into development in CBR and
fiber in the cement concrete mix, which produces
unconfined compression energy of soils like silty soil
the best concrete of having better properties like
to sandy soil. An growth of sixty five to 252% in
density test, compressive strength and split tensile
UCS fee turned into determined after four weeks of
strength.
curing. Pavement layout thickness additionally
3. To inspect the opportunity of using industrial reduces to twenty-five to forty percent. Moreover, in
waste fibre in cement concrete mixture. case of shortage of granular material, best stabilized
4. To determine the compressive strength, split floor with skinny bituminous surfacing can satisfy the
tensile strength of the polymer modified concrete pavement layout requirement. Sharma (2006) has
which is made of industrial waste fibre. performed laboratory research on use of bio-enzyme
stabilization of 3 varieties of soils specifically clay of
III. LITRATURE RIVEW excessive plasticity (CH), clay of low plasticity (CL)
The Rajni S. Chandran, Padmakumar G.P (2009) and silt of low plasticity (ML). It turned into located
lime is an unparalleled aid in the modification and that the CH soil had an growth in CBR fee with
stabilization of soil beneath road and similar discount in saturation moisture from forty to 21 ter
construction projects. Use of lime can substantially four weeks of stabilization. Also it turned into located
increase the stability, impermeability, and load that there has been 100% growth in unconfined
bearing capacity of the sub grade. Black cotton soil compression energy.
can be stabilized by the addition of small percentages,
by weight of lime thereby enhancing main of the Shankar et al. (2009) studied the impact of various
engineering properties of the soil and thus produces dosages of Bio-Enzymes on Lateritic soil of Dakshina
an improved construction material. The strength Kannada (district of India), having liquid restrict and
developed is obviously influenced by the quantity of Plasticity Index greater than 25% and 6%
cementations gel produced. consequently on the respectively. Tests have been performed on lateritic
amount of lime consumed and curing period. Dry soil through including unique chances of sand as well.
lime used for stabilization cause dust allergy and is They concluded that there may be medium
corrosive to human skin and so lime solution was development in bodily houses of lateritic soil.
used in the study. The soil used in the study is clay Therefore it turned into cautioned that impact of Bio-
from Thonnakal in Trivandrum district, in which Enzyme on soil must be tested in laboratory earlier
kaolinite mineral is predominant. The lime solution than real discipline application. Higher dosage
with different concentrations were added to the soil (200ml/2m3 of soil) produced 300% growth in CBR,
samples for stabilization and cured with water for 7, 450% in unconfined compressive energy and
14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Results showed that optimum permeability turned into decreased through 42 ter 4
concentration of lime solution that gives the highest weeks of curing. It turned into additionally
soil strength is the optimum concentration of lime determined that enzyme isn't powerful for brotherly
solution for soil stabilization. From the test results, it love much less soil.
was also found that the imconfmed compressive Venkatasubramanian & Dhinakaran (2011)
strength increased up to a curing period of 28 days performed exams on 3 soils with various houses and
and thereafter there are no appreciable effects. unique dosages of Bio-Enzyme. Three soils had liquid
limits of 28, 30 and 46% and plasticity index of 6,
five and 6%. Increase in unconfined compressive
energy after four weeks of curing turned into said as
246 to 404%.
IV. METHODOLOGY:-
In clay water mixture positively charged ions (cat-
ions) are present around the clay particles, creating a
film of water around the clay particle that remains
Shukla et al. (2003) used Bio-Enzymes to stabilize 5 attached or adsorbed on the clay surface.
unique varieties of soil starting from low clay content
The adsorbed water or double layer gives clay
material to very excessive clay content material,
particles their plasticity. In a few instances the clay
engineering houses and energy traits have been
can swell and the dimensions of double layer
decided and it turned into located that there may be

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increases, however it may be decreased with the aid of cementatious compounds using the following, general
using drying. Therefore, to virtually enhance the soil reaction:
properties, it's far vital to completely lessen the
thickness of double layer. Cat-ion alternate
approaches can accomplish this. By using
TEST ARE PERFORMED AS FOLLOWS
fermentation approaches precise micro-organisms can
1. Determination of chemical composition of sugar
produce stabilizing enzyme in massive quantity. These cane bagasse ash
soil-stabilizing enzymes catalyze the reactions among
2. Soil Classification
the clay and the natural cat-ions and boost up the cat- 3. X-ray analysis method of Black Cotton soil
ionic alternate without turning into a part of the give
4. Grading test
up product.
5. Moisture Content
TerraZyme replaces adsorbed water with natural 6. Specific Gravity
cations, as a result neutralizing the terrible price on a 7. Specific Gravity
clay particle. The natural cations additionally lessen 8. Atterberg Limits
the thickness of the electric double layer. This lets in 9. Liquid Limit
TerraZyme dealt with soils to be compacted extra 10. Plastic Limit
tightly together. 11. Plasticity Index
12. Maximum Dry Density
TerraZyme resists being replaced by water, thus
13. Optimum Moisture Content
reducing the tendency of some clay to swell.
14. California Bearing Ratio
TerraZyme promotes the development of

V. RESULT & DISCUSSIONS

Chemical Analysis of SCBA
The chemical analysis indicated that the ash contained mainly silica, calcium, magnesium and aluminium with
other minor elements Table 4.1. The combined percent composition of SiO2, Al2CO3 and Fe2O3 of the ash is more
than 70% hence exhibits pozzolanicity property.
Table 4.1: Chemical analysis of Bagasse Ash
Description Abbreviation Ash (%)
Silica SiO2 66.23
Iron Fe2O3 3.09
Calcium CaO 2.81
Magnesium MgO 1.54
Sodium Na2O 0.26
Potassium K2O 6.44
Loss of Ignition . 16.36
Alumina Al2O3 1.90
Titanium TiO2 0.07
Manganese MnO 0.60
Black cotton Soil
Results of the study on physical properties on neat sample of soil is given in Table 4.2 and indicated that the
sample belonged to black cotton soil. Most of the properties required to be improved to meet engineering
standard.
Table 4.2 Properties of black cotton soil
PROPERTY QUANTITY
Colour Grayish black
Percentage passing No. 200 sieve, % 99.4
Liquid limit, % 67
Plastic limit, % 32
Plasticity index, % 35
AASHTO soil classification A.7.5
Free swell, % 0.7
Specific gravity 2.65

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Maximum dry density, kg/m3 1240
Optimum moisture content, % 26.4
Soaked CBR value, % 11
The chemical analysis of black cotton according to (Ramesh et al.) is shown in Table 4.2. The main components
are silica (SiO2) 52.85% and alumina (Al2O3) 12.24%, loss of ignition is 16.18%
Table 4.3: Chemical analysis of black cotton Black Cotton
Description (%)
Silica 52.85
Iron 8.04
Calcium 6.01
Magnesium 0.48
Sodium 0.26
Loss of Ignition 16.18
Alumina 12.24
Titanium 0.24

Figure 4.2: Grading curve analysis

Figure 4.3: Variation of plasticity index with addition of different bagasse ashcontents

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Figure 4.4 Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content for neat sample

Figure 4.5: CBR of Lime and Bagasse Ash

Figure 4.6: CBR for ratio of lime to ash (%)

Table 4.4: Determination of PI of 4% lime
TEST LL LL LL LL LL PL
No. Of blows 50 40 30 20 10
Sample No. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
Sample + wet soil g 37.8 39.7 41.9 43.6 45.8 20.1
Sample + dry soil g 31.5 32.6 34.1 34.9 36.2 19.8
Sample g 18.9 19.0 19.7 19.5 19.8 18.8
Water g 6.3 7.1 7.8 8.7 9.6 0.3
Dry soil g. 12.6 13.6 14.4 15.4 16.4 1.0
Moisture content % 50.0 52.2 54.0 56.6 58.5 29.6

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Sample g 22.1 21.8 19.9 20.4 22.4 19.8 20.4
Water g 9.3 10.5 12.7 13.9 15.1 0.7 0.6
Dry soil g 26.1 26.3 32.0 33.4 34.8 2.7 2.1
Moisture content % 35.6 37.1 39.6 41.7 43.3 25.4 28.6

TEST LL LL LL LL LL PL PL
No. Of blows 50 40 30 20 10
Sample No. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
Sample + wet soil g 37.8 39.7 41.9 43.6 45.8 20.1 20.2
Sample + dry soil g 31.5 32.6 34.1 34.9 36.2 19.8 19.9
Sample g 18.9 19.0 19.7 19.5 19.8 18.8 18.8
Water g 6.3 7.1 7.8 8.7 9.6 0.3 0.3
Dry soil g. 12.6 13.6 14.4 15.4 16.4 1.0 1.1
Moisture content % 50.0 52.2 54.0 56.6 58.5 29.6 28.4
Table 4.5: DETERMINATION OF PI 5% LIME
TEST LL LL LL LL LL PL PL
No. Of blows 50 40 30 20 10
Sample No. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
Sample + wet soil g 54.1 52.5 58.3 58.5 62.8 22.7 23.6
Sample + dry soil g 43.9 42.8 46.9 46.0 49.4 22.1 22.8
Sample g 19.6 20.4 21.8 19.8 22.4 19.6 19.8
Water g 10.2 9.7 11.4 12.5 13.3 0.6 0.8
Dry soil g 24..3 22.4 25.1 26.2 27.0 2.5 3.0
Moisture content % 49.1 43.3 45.5 47.9 49.7 24.2 26.4
Table 4.6: DETERMINATION OF PI 6% LIME
TEST LL LL LL LL LL PL PL
No. Of blows 50 40 30 20 10
Sample No. K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7
Sample + wet soil g 57.5 60.6 64.6 67.7 69.3 23.2 23.0
Sample + dry soil g 48.2 50.1 51.9 53.8 54.2 22.5 22.4

reduced and California bearing ratio increased as the

VI. CONCLUSION
The following conclusions can be drawn from the ratio varies. At the ratio of 4:1 (lime:ash) the results
results of the investigation carriedout within the scope obtained conformed with the standard set Road design
of the study. manual part III of CBR 36 %, PI 20% , linear
shrinkage of 9.0 and negligible swelling thus can be
The chemical analysis of bagasse ash indicated that used for expansive Black Cotton stabilization
the main element were silica (66.23%), potassium
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