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Physics Experiments

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118 views

Physics Experiments

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KANSHA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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wr ext - 4 AIM me Determination of the focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of a distant Objet, MATERIALS REQUIRED ‘A-coneave mirror, a metre scale, a mirror holder. ‘THEORY Pa Gi) (iii) (iv) A . Parallel rays The nature of the image formed by a concave mirror, | coming from depends upon the position of the object in front of it. | te stant When a parallel beam of light coming from a distant : object, such as tree or pole is incident on the reflecting surface of a mirror, then after reflection, the rays converge at a point and this point is called principal focus of the concave mirror as shown in the figure. te Focal length» If a screen is placed at the point of focus, a sharp, real Fig. Determining the focal length of a concave mirr and inverted image of the distant object is obtained. [_fie Deen Be ed eth of even | The distance between the pole and principal focus of a spherical mirror is called focal length of the mirror. It is equal to half the radius of curvature of the mirror. PROCEDURE . Select a distant object such as a tree or pole or the sun. : . Mount the concave mirror in a mirror holder. . Adjust the concave mirror in such a way that the rays of light coming from the tree fall on its reflecting surface. Obtain a well defined and sharp image on a white wall of the laboratory by moving the mirror backward or forward. Measure the distance between the wall and the concave mirror with the help of a metre scale as shown in figure (a) or figure (b). This will give you approximate focal length of the mirror. Repeat the experiment by selecting the different distant objects at different distances, Fig.(a) Measuring the focal length Together with® Science Lab—10 Scanned with CamScanner Fig.(b) Determination of focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of cistant object it Position of gbiget mirror ‘A’ (em) —_sereen “Br (cm), RESULT ‘ By ‘The approximate focal length of the given concave mirror 18 em, as determined. According to the sign conventions, the focal length of a concave mirror is negative. Therefore, f = — PRECAUTIONS 1. ‘The distant object should be clearly visible. 2. The image on the wall should be well defined and sharp. | sntion to the sharp image. Obtaini aN) oi Student must pay special attention ts get rp image. ining a blurred image will _pocmragennn—T edanielereniarians eee aie yoaen) aera pearing te distance, the metre aeale should be kept parallel to the ground, SMe Tare scale must be corecy positioned Between the wall and centre of the oneave mirror hie experiment can be performed outsid Teaportant note: This experiment can be pi outside the laboratory by i Important meTapet) ar white painted board or outer wall ofthe laboratory. taking the image on the oo Scanned with CamScanner expo on of the focal | ength of @ convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object. atRIALS REQUIRED ur | convex lens, Jens holder, mR {p The rays coming from the distant obj distance, can be considered as a p white screen Sch a5 wall or white painted board, meter scale, distant object, ject such “ arallel beans 1 geleun/eletrc bulb or tall building travelling a large <—~/—» Fig. Ray diagram forthe focal length of i) These rays after refraction through the convex lens converge at a point called focus. ; lens and tl 7 focus the approximate focal length (ii) The separation between the id the screen placed at the i prox gives the aj convex tens PROCEDURE 1, Select a far off object such as tree/windows of other building/any other far away abject inthe laboratory/Sun 2. Mount the lens in a lens holder. 3. Keep the lens in a vertical position throughout the experiment, 4. Place the lens towards a selected distant object. 5. Keep a screen on the other side of the lens. 6. Move the lens forward or backward to get a sharp, real and inverted image on the screen. 7. Measure the distance between lens and screen at this position of the lens. 8. Repeat this procedure by changing the distant object. 8. The distance between the screen (when sharp image is obtained) and convex lens give approximate focal length of the convex lens. OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION a jor lo? lod Mean value = ft f+ fi fe Scanned with CamScanner c RESULT ‘The approximate focal length of a convex lens = PRECAUTIONS 1. The lens holder along with Iens should be kept vertical throughout the experiment. "2, Screen should be neat and clean to get clear image. It must be white. While measuring the distance, metre scale should be kept horizontal and it must be parallel to the ground. 4, Distance should be measured only when well defined sharp image of the distant object is obtained. 5. Lens and screen should be at same level. 3. The lens used in the experiment must be clean. Important Note: The procedure to find the approximate focal length of a convex lens does not apply to the concave lens because concave lens always forms a virtual and erect image for any position of the object. The virtual image cannot be taken on the screen. Scanned with CamScanner eaneanes proporuonst to the angle of'ineidenee, . ath of a ray of light passing through a rectangul; Tracing feastre the angle of incidence, angle of retract jncidence- the result: LS REQUIRED Le . 4, drawing pins, ar glass slab for different angles of » angle of emergence and interpret three plane sheets of white paper, a rectangular glass slab, geometry instruments, RY oe takes place at both air-glass inte ‘The ref interface of a rectangular glass slab. i incident on air-glass j When the light ray inci glass interface (DC O Miguely, it bends towards the normal, y is incident obliquel ‘The refracted ray is inci iquely on the sec. ) wi) a lel surface inside the rectangular glass slab, rface and glass-air i, glassair interface (AB) and after refraction, it movee away from the normal. ‘These refractions at both the surfaces ob i ey the laws of re- fraction (Refer to basic building concept) 2, Place a rectangular glass slab in the first pai rt. Draw its boundary. R the gl amram las la in he Sit ry. Remove the glass slab and label the Angle of Refraction Fig. Relation tough 9 recangur lass slab &. Draw a normal (perpendicular) MN on the side A,B, at a point O,, slightly away from the centre towards Ay. Experiments 101 Scanned with CamScanner —w 4, Draw an oblique line P,O, (incident ray) such that ZP,O,M = 30 (Angle of incidence). Fix two shy pointed pin P, and Q, vertically erected on the line P,O, at a distance of 4 to 6 cm apart. 7p 5, Place the glass slab ayain within ils boundary. Look at the feet of pins (not their heads) P, and Q, the other Socata! naive Tage of the slab, ie. fom C,D, along the plane of paper. Fix other two png R, and S, in such a way that R,, 8, and the ae Pa aa a fe oe fare ae line. 6. Remove thi Tab and all the four pins. Eneircle all the prick of the four pins. Join the poi and S, a ‘tha gneirele and produce upto the edge C,D,. Let R,S, meet C,D, at Oy, This will et an emergent ray. . 1. Draw a normal M,N, at Oy: Join Q, and Op. It will represent the path of ray inside the glass slab, refracted ray. 8 Measure the angle of emergence, ie. de = N,0,6, and angle of refraction, fe.

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