 Animals

- animals also contribute to the transportation of sediments. When burrowing

animals dig the ground, some rock and soil particles stick to their bodies. As they
move from place to place, they carry such particles, too.

- Other organisms such as worms that burrow into the soil create little channels
that assist in the movement of water and air into and through soil. Burrowing
animals such as voles, moles, and ground squirrels mix the soil as they dig homes
which also helps to move water and air into the soil profile

- In general kids, burrowing animals of any kind loosen up the soil as they travel
through it, which gives "breathing room" for the roots of plants to expand into.
Burrowing animals help plants grow.

 Humans

- although erosion is a natural phenomenon, humans have a major contribution to

the rate of soil erosion in the environment. Just like animals, whenever we walk,
the soil cling to our shoes, so the soil gets transported from place to place.

- Other activities like gardening can also cause erosion since soil moves as we dig
the ground.

- When quarrying the impact created by blasting rocks and soil particles triggers
soil erosion. Huge volumes of soil and sand also transported when they are used
in the construction of houses and other infrastructure.

- Stated na dito kids na ang human activities such as walking kasi dumidikit sa
shoes or gardening kapag nag bubungkal tayo or dig, but the last part made a big
sense yung quarrying the impact by blasting rocks and soil particles. Kasi we
humans, are building infrastructures and need natin mag transport ng mga rocks
diba, I have seen kids meron kasi akong nadaanan na I don’t know if ano yung
gagawin nila kung building ba or yung kalsada, meron akong nakitang mga truck
na may dalang rocks and soil para dalhin sa construction site, meron ka makikita
na rocks and soil particles sa daan dahil dun sa truck na merong lamang rocks
and soil, and also kids ang pag mimina, nasasama ang soil kaya if aware kayo na
yung mga nag mimina madalas natatabunan sila ng lupa dahil mahina ang
foundation ng soil kapag nag didisintegrate ( naghihiwalay or nag bre
breakdown) so human activities, small or big has an impact.
How land slope, Affects erosion.
 A slope is an inclined surface of a land. The slope of a land affords the rate of soil
erosion.
 Roots of trees and other plants absorb water as it rains, but some unabsorbed
water still flows downward, washing away soil. If the surface is greatly slanted,
the water that flows has greater force and thus carries more soil. The results to
greater and faster erosion.
 Since the rate of erosion is faster on lands with steeper slopes, there is also a
great possibility for a landslide to occur. This is why it is not advisable to build
houses on mountainsides on hillsides.

- Land slope it means kids na matatarik or hindi pantay na surface of land. Kung
icocompare natin sa isa pang natural phenomena, so kids familiar ba kayo sa
avalanche? These occurs sa mga nag ii snow na areas and common ito sa mga
bundook, na tri trigger ang soil erosion sa mga ganitong area dahil ang
foundation ay weak on some spot and strong on the others. Naturally occurring
ang mga landslide at may possibility ito kids iconnect ito kapag may landslide
kasi diba gumuguho na ang isang parte ng lugar so magkakaroon ng slope all
aspect of nature and human behavior ay mag kakaconnect. So did you get it kids?
very good.

 Way to Control Soil Erosion

 Soil erosion cannot be prevented since this is naturally occurring in the

environment. However, there are practices that can help control soil Erosion and
its harmful effects.
 after discussing of how land slope affects erosion, it is important of course that a
collective effort to control soil erosion, there are several ways of controlling soil
erosion this can be achieved through agricultural practices and individual
measure and concern the first one.

 Natural Vegetation

- the simplest and natural way of controlling soil erosion is through natural
vegetation, which is allowing plants and trees to grow naturally without human
interference. By letting these plants grow kid yung root systems natin will be
developed. These root systems grip on the soil and make it more stable, thereby
minimizing the movement of the soil throughout the ground.
 - So yung mga puno kids is also serve as windbreaks. When we say windbreak is a
row of trees planted in a straight path shielding and protecting plants and crops
from strong winds and gales. Yan yung nakikita natin sa screen so Windbreaks
prevents strong wind to directly blow the soil, thus lessening the soil erosion
thus takes place.

 Contour Plowing

- Since erosion easily takes place on a slope, farmers who plant on mountainsides
follow the contours of curves of the land Instead of planting the crops Up and down
the slope so as to slow down the flow of what they and the soil that it carries this
technique is known as contour plowing.

- To control or reduce soil erosion is what you call contour plowing. Farmers flows
and plant in rows across according to the shape or contour of the land rather that up
and down direction of the slope to prevent or control soil erosion by water. Ibig
sabihin dito kids huwag nating gagawin na pa vertical or horizontal yung formation,
ito kids sa mga may parents na farmers pwede niyo itong sabihin helpful din ito to
prevent soil erosion by water. Mas helpful if the land is curves instead of planting
the crops up and down. So ito yung contour plowing.

 Strip Cropping

- This method involves alternately planting different crops in strips. These crops are
planted across the slope. too in this method, grass and other plants that grow close
to the ground are planted in strips between bands of grain crops. This strip crops
lessen soil erosion since they hold much water in soil.

- Planting two different crops of alternate rows of Strips. a series of corn can be
planted in wide strips, and then the next strip cam be panted with peanuts as cover
crops. As seen in the picture’s kids makikita natin yung alternate. nakikita niyo ba
kids? yan very good.

 Terracing

- Have you been to or at least seen photos of the Banaue Rice terraces in mountain
province? This is a very good example of terracing, which involves planting on
terraces or steps built on the slopes of mountainsides.

- the teracces look like steps that are built by using piles of stones with short vertical
drops from one to another that run along the contour of the land. The terreces hold
water that enables farmers to grow rice.
- Yung mga farmers natin gumagawa sila ng wide flat rows of terraces as you can see
sa pictures, gumagawa sila on mountainsides to act as a ridge to help slow down the
flow of water that carries soil. By doing so, yung rate erosion is also slow down.

 Crop Rotation

- Farmers used crop rotation not just to prevent pests from destroying the plants but
also to maintain the good quality of the soil crop rotation refers to planting crops in
a different spot each year for example a farmer would plant corn on one part of the
field while cabbage would be planted on the other side. After the harvesting season,
the soil would rest for a while. Then, the farmer would plant the corn on the areas
where cabbage was planted before and cabbage will be planted on the cornfield.
Doing so help the soil maintain its good quality. A soil that has good quality is moist
soil cannot be carried away easily by wind and water.

- there is alternation in the types of plant. Rice may be planted in one year, then beans
or potatoes may be planted in the next year. So from the word rotation kids ano
yung nangyayare? ayan very good nag iiba, it means hindj every year is ang
tinatanim ay palay, hindi din every year ay corn, so hindi dapat so there is what you
call a crop rotation umiikot yan at hindi nag stay so kaya tinawag na crop rotation.

 Riprapping

- Another way of controlling soil erosion is by building ripraps or chunks of stones or

rocks arrange on the edge of a slope. Sino ng mga nakakita ng ganito?or naka
noticed? Diba kids madalas kapag nag bya byahe tayo meron tayong mga
nadadaanan at nakikita na mga bato sa gilid madalas natin itong makita sa river diba
sino na mga nakapasyal sa nambalan river or saipan beach, ayan beri good meron
silang mga nakitang mga bato sa gilid ng river. This arrangement of stone does not
just serve as a foundation, but also a ridge to control soil erosion. When rain pours
down, most of the soil carried down the slope is deposited on the ripraps. Ripraps
can be seen on river banks and shorelines.

 How Forest Help in Controlling Soil Erosion

- The forest canopy, the uppermost layer of the forest, where most tree branches and
leaves, are found, acts like an umbrella that lessens the impact of rain on the forest
floor. This lessens the rate of soil erosion.
- The leaves that fall to the ground, together with the naturally growing mosses, cover
the forest floor. These coverings minimize the force of surface. Runoff so less soil is
carried away by water.

- Since a lot of trees and plants grow in the forest, more root system holds the soil
together. Roots of trees spread out underground and keep the soil more intact. The
more intact. A soil is the less prone it is to soil erosion.

Ito naman kids sinasabi na need natin ang forst or trees para mas maging matibay
ang foundation ng land kapag walang puno ano yung mang yayare? Yess tama kapag
walang puno walang sisisip ng tubig from rain diba o kaya magkakaroon ng flood
and syempre di maiiwasan ang landslides.

So, we are all aware kung anong magiging impact kapag walang mga puno but you,
see? Something na alam na natin pero yung iba is ni neneglect parin nila. Andyan
yung patuloy parin silang nag puputol ng mga puno, nagkakaroon parin ng excessive
na illegal logging, yung iba hindi tumutulong mag tanim, siguro naman kids walang
ganito satin tam aba si teacher? So yan that is because tinetake natin for granted
minsan ang kakayahan ng nature na mag recover. In some case human behavior
parin ang mali, so that’s concludes my part. Again, all aspects of nature and human
behavior ay magkaka konekta we all must do our parts and help in the preservation
of our mother earth.

Before we end this session, remember kids all of us should campaign against
deforestation because such practice loosens the soil. Loss of valuable soil content
can greatly affect our economy. We must do our Part in preventing erosion by
planting more trees in areas where these are needed. And last a massive campaign
against illegal logging and deforestation. We have to concerned about the
preservation of our forests. We should encourage others to participate in preserving
and maintaining our environment.