Chapter 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student should be able to:
1. Define environmental pollution, pollutant, waste, environmental
degradation, ecosystem, biodiversity.
2. Identify the different pollutions.
3. Give the different causes of environmental incidents.
4. Cite activities which cause pollution that are strictly prohibited by law.
5. Describe how the planet earth looks like now.
6. Cite instances on how we can be of help to solve environmental
degradation, pollution and environmental incidents.
7. Identify the type of wastes as enumerated in R.A. 9003.

Environmental management is not easy to define. As Barrow (2005) has

acknowledged, it can refer to a goal or vision, to attempts to steer a process, to
the application of a set of tools, to a philosophical exercise seeking to establish
new perspectives towards the environment and human societies, and to much
more besides. Environmental managers are a diverse group of people including
academics, policy-makers, non-governmental organization (NGO) workers,
company employees, civil servants and a wide range of individuals or groups
who make decisions about the use of natural resources (such as fishers,
farmers and pastoralists). Indeed, environmental management involves all
people to some extent because all human activities ultimately have some sort of
environmental impact. However, some individuals are more directly involved
with resource use, and some special interest groups are particularly concerned
with resource exploitation and with issues related to pollution. Environmental
management therefore involves many stakeholders and requires a
multidisciplinary perspective. It involves many spatial scales, ranging from the
local to the global. It also involves many, diverse goals, including the desires to
control the direction and pace of development, to optimiz resource use, to
minimize environmental degradation and to avoid environmental disaster.
Environmental management may be practiced by individuals and groups
holding conflicting - and even directly opposing - views, as may be the case
when environmental managers employed by large multinational corporations
come into conflict with environmental managers representing voluntary
organizations.
An environmental management system is "a system and database which
integrates procedures and processes for training of personnel, monitoring,
summarizing, and reporting of specialized environmental performance
information to internal and external stakeholders of a firm".

Environmental Management can be defined as “the management of the

interaction and impact of human activities on the natural environment”.
... Environmental management tries to identify the factors that have a stake
in the conflicts that may rise between meeting the needs protecting
the environment.
Definition of terms:
1. Wastes- these are substances discharged from daily life, products on
processes or other activities. Wastes may take solid, gas, liquid, or other
forms.
2. Pollutants- these are factors that render the environmental noxious.
3. Environmental pollution- these are alterations of the properties of the
environment, violating environmental standards and policies.
4. Environmental degradation- it means qualitative and quantitative
alteration of the components of the environment, adversely affecting
man’s life and nature.
5. Ecosystem- it means s system of groups living organisms, existing and
developing together in a given environment, interacting with one another.
6. Bio diversity- it means abundance in gene pools, species and varieties of
living organisms and ecosystems in nature.
7. Environmental impact assessment (E.I.A)- it means the process of
analyzing, evaluating and forecasting the effects on the environment by
 socio-economic development projects and plans, scientific, technical,
medical, cultural, social, security’s defense or other facilities, and
proposing appropriate solutions to protect the environment.
8. Pollution- pollution means the presence of polluted matters in the
environment as would be harmful to human being as well as other living
things.

• Soil pollution - is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals

(pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough
concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the
ecosystem.

• Water pollution- is the contamination of water bodies, usually as

a result of human activities. Water bodies include for example
lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. ... For example,
releasing inadequately treated wastewater into
natural water bodies can lead to degradation of aquatic
ecosystems.
 • Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air.
Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold
spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major
part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's
also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.

• Noise pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to

elevated sound levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans
or other living organisms. According to the World Health
Organization, sound levels less than 70 dB are not damaging to
living organisms, regardless of how long or consistent the exposure
is.

Environmental incidents:
Environmental incident. An environmental incident is an
occurrence or set of circumstances, as a consequence of which
pollution (air, water, noise, or land) or an
adverse environmental impact has occurred, is occurring, or is
 likely to occur.

Environmental protection should be everybody’s concern:

Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the

natural environment by individuals, organizations and
governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and
the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair
damage and reverse trends.
Environmental development:

Environmental development is the direct result of investment in

infrastructure, scenic surroundings, green areas, and public
spaces. ... Purchasing an apartment in an area
undergoing environmental development is therefore a preferred,
more secure investment.
REFERENCES:
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