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Electronics and Communication Circuits Lab. Experiment #4 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

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Eng. Ahmad ELsamak

Here are the key points to discuss for each graph: Graph 1 (half-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows the positive half-cycle of Vin - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 2 (half-wave rectifier with capacitor): - Capacitor smooths the output by storing charge during positive half-cycles and discharging during negative half-cycles - Ripple decreases with larger capacitor values Graph 3 (full-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows both half-cycles of Vin due to the bridge configuration - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 4 (full-wave rectifier with capacitor):

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Electronics and Communication Circuits Lab. Experiment #4 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Uploaded by

Eng. Ahmad ELsamak
79 views8 pages
Here are the key points to discuss for each graph: Graph 1 (half-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows the positive half-cycle of Vin - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 2 (half-wave rectifier with capacitor): - Capacitor smooths the output by storing charge during positive half-cycles and discharging during negative half-cycles - Ripple decreases with larger capacitor values Graph 3 (full-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows both half-cycles of Vin due to the bridge configuration - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 4 (full-wave rectifier with capacitor):

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Here are the key points to discuss for each graph: Graph 1 (half-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows the positive half-cycle of Vin - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 2 (half-wave rectifier with capacitor): - Capacitor smooths the output by storing charge during positive half-cycles and discharging during negative half-cycles - Ripple decreases with larger capacitor values Graph 3 (full-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows both half-cycles of Vin due to the bridge configuration - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 4 (full-wave rectifier with capacitor):

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
79 views8 pages

Electronics and Communication Circuits Lab. Experiment #4 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Uploaded by

Eng. Ahmad ELsamak
Here are the key points to discuss for each graph: Graph 1 (half-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows the positive half-cycle of Vin - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 2 (half-wave rectifier with capacitor): - Capacitor smooths the output by storing charge during positive half-cycles and discharging during negative half-cycles - Ripple decreases with larger capacitor values Graph 3 (full-wave rectifier without capacitor): - Vout follows both half-cycles of Vin due to the bridge configuration - Vout is pulsating DC with no smoothing Graph 4 (full-wave rectifier with capacitor):

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Electronics and Communication Circuits Lab.

EXPERIMENT #4
Half-Wave and full-wave bridge rectifier

Objective:
- Draw and understand the use of diodes in half-wave and full-wave bridge
rectifiers. (Without smoothing capacitor and with smoothing capacitor)

Theory Overview:
Half-Wave Rectifier Operation
Figure 1 illustrates the process called half-wave rectification. A diode is connected
to an ac source and to a load resistor, RL, forming a half-wave rectifier. Keep in mind
that all ground symbols represent the same point electrically. Let’s examine what
happens during one cycle of the input voltage using the ideal model for the diode. When
the sinusoidal input voltage (Vin) goes positive, the diode is forward-biased and conducts
current through the load resistor, as shown in part (a). The current produces an output
voltage across the load RL, which has the same shape as the positive half-cycle of the
input voltage.
When the input voltage goes negative during the second half of its cycle, the diode
is reverse-biased. There is no current, so the voltage across the load resistor is 0 V, as
shown in Figure 1(b). The net result is that only the positive half-cycles of the ac input
voltage appear across the load. Since the output does not change polarity, it is a pulsating
dc voltage as shown in part (c).

Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Operation


The bridge rectifier uses four diodes connected as shown in Figure 2. When the input
cycle is positive as in part (a), diodes D1 and D2 are forward-biased and conduct current
in the direction shown. A voltage is developed across RL that looks like the positive half
of the input cycle. During this time, diodes D3 and D4 are reverse-biased.
When the input cycle is negative as in Figure 2(b), diodes D3 and D4 are forward biased
and conduct current in the same direction through RL as during the positive half-cycle.
During the negative half-cycle, D1 and D2 are reverse-biased. A full-wave rectified
output voltage appears across RL as a result of this action as shown in part (c).
Figure 1: half-wave rectifier. Figure 2: full-wave rectifier.

Capacitor-Input Filter (Smoothing)

Half-wave rectifier with a filter

Full-wave rectifier with a filter


Ripple voltage:
Larger ripple means less effective filtering. However, smaller ripple means more effective
filtering. Generally, the larger the capacitor value, the smaller the ripple for the same input and
load.

(a) Large ripple (b) Small ripple

Mathematical Equations:
Half-wave rectifier:
Peak value of output V p (out)=V p −0.7 V
V p(out)
Average value of output V AVG = ¿V dc
π

Full-wave rectifier:
Peak value of output V p (out)=V p −1.4 V
2V p (out)
Average value of output V AVG = ¿ V dc
π
Vp
Root mean square value: V rms =
√2

Materials Needed:

5 Diode 1N4007
AC power supply 15Vrms
Resistor 2 KΩ, 1 KΩ
AC Voltmeter
DC Voltmeter
Oscilloscope
Capacitors (4.7 µF, 10 µF, 47 µF, 100 µF)
Procedure:
Part 1: half-wave rectifier without capacitor
1. Connect the circuit as shown in below figure.

Figure 1

2. Plot Vin, Vout using Oscilloscope.

3. Calculate Vout using DC voltmeter, then compare with the theoretical value.
Part 2: half-wave rectifier with capacitor
1. Connect the circuit as shown in below figure.

Figure 2

2. Plot Vin, Vout using Oscilloscope.


3. Repeat step 2 with 10 µF, 47 µF, 100µF, and plot output.
Part 3: full-wave rectifier without capacitor
1. Connect the circuit as shown in below figure.

Figure 3

2. Plot Vin, Vout using Oscilloscope.

3. Calculate Vout using DC voltmeter, then compare with the theoretical value.
Part 4: full-wave rectifier with capacitor
1. Connect the circuit as shown in below figure.

Figure 4

2. Plot Vin, Vout using Oscilloscope.


3. Repeat step 2 with 10 µF, 47 µF, 100µF, and plot output.
Questions:

1. Explain and discuss in brief graph 1.

2. Explain and discuss in brief graph 2.

3. Explain and discuss in brief graph 3.

4. Explain and discuss in brief graph 4.

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