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COMP 1154: Chapter 3: TCP/IP Protocol Suites

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite. It covers layers like the transport layer, including TCP and UDP. It discusses ports and TCP operation including three-way handshake and sliding windows. The internet layer is covered including ARP, IP, ICMP, and routing protocols. It also discusses utilities like ping and trace.

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August Berry Official
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86 views20 pages

COMP 1154: Chapter 3: TCP/IP Protocol Suites

The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite. It covers layers like the transport layer, including TCP and UDP. It discusses ports and TCP operation including three-way handshake and sliding windows. The internet layer is covered including ARP, IP, ICMP, and routing protocols. It also discusses utilities like ping and trace.

Uploaded by

August Berry Official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch3: TCP/IP Protocols Suite

COMP 1154
Chapter 3: TCP/IP Protocol Suites
TCP/IP

TCP/IP vs OSI
TCP/IP

Network Interface Layer


TCP/IP

Transport Layer
TCP/IP

TCP vs UDP

UDP has lower overhead !!


TCP min 20 bytes (no options), max 60
bytes
UDP is 8 bytes
TCP/IP

Ports
Ports:
• TCP and UDP use port numbers for communications between hosts
• Port numbers are divided into three ranges:
• Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1,023
• Defines commonly used protocols. (i.e., ftp=21)
• Registered Ports are those from 1,024 through 49,151
• Used by vendors for proprietary applications
• Must be registered with the IANA
• Microsoft registered 3389 for Remote Desktop Protocol
• Dynamic/Private Ports are those from 49,152 through 65,535
(cannot be registered with IANA)
• Used as temporary ports for specific communications
TCP/IP

Ports
TCP/IP

TCP Operation
TCP three-way handshake
• Establishes a reliable connection between two points
• TCP transmits three packets before the actual data transfer occurs
• Before two computers can communicate over TCP, they must
synchronize their initial sequence numbers (ISN)
TCP/IP

TCP Operation
TCP Sliding Windows
• Control the flow and efficiency of communication
• Also known as windowing
• A method of controlling packet flow between hosts
• Allows multiple packets to be sent and affirmed with a
single acknowledgment packet
• The size of the TCP window determines the number of
acknowledgments sent for a given data transfer
• Networks that perform large data transfers should use
large window sizes
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
ARP: Resolves an IP address IP: Provide connection
to hardware address (MAC). less service, Addressing
and Routing

ICMP: is used for control messages


IGMP is used to facilitate management
of multicast groups between cooperating
routers and switches
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

• ARP tables contain the MAC and IP addresses of


other devices on the network
• When a computer transmits a frame to a destination on
the local network
• It checks the ARP cache for an IP to MAC address
mapping for the destination node.
• arp –a //to show
• arp –d [IP] //to delete
• arp –s [IP][MAC] //to add
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
ARP request
• If a source computer cannot locate an IP to MAC address
mapping in its ARP table
• It must obtain the correct mapping
• A source computer broadcasts an ARP request to all hosts on
the local segment
• Host with the matching IP address responds this request
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
ARP cache life
• Source checks its local ARP cache prior to sending packets
on the local network
• Important that the mappings are correct
• Network devices place a timer on ARP entries
• ARP tables reduce network traffic
• arp timeout time is 10 min in windows
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
• Similar to ARP, Provide IP address to MAC address
resolution.
• Used primarily by diskless workstations
– Which have MAC addresses burned into their network
cards but no IP addresses
– Client s IP configuration is stored on a RARP server
• RARP replaced by DHCP
– Convey much information
– Easier to implement
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
ICMP-Internet Control Message Protocol
• Controls and manages IP communications.
• Provide error reporting, uses udp
• Uses 8 different message types
• Destination unreachable
• Time exceeded
• Parameter problem
• Source quench
• Redirect
• Echo request/reply
• Timestamp request/reply, and
• Information request/reply
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
• The Ping utility
– Packet Internet Groper (Ping) utility verifies connectivity
between two points
– Uses ICMP echo request/reply messages
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
• The Ping utility
– Packet Internet Groper (Ping) utility verifies connectivity
between two points
– Uses ICMP echo request/reply messages
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
• The Ping utility
– Packet Internet Groper (Ping) utility verifies connectivity
between two points
– Uses ICMP echo request/reply messages
TCP/IP

Internet Layer
• The trace utility
– Uses ICMP echo request/reply messages
– Can verify Internetwork layer (OSI-Network layer) connectivity
– Shows the exact path a packet takes from the source to the
destination
Cisco

Three Layer Model


The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model
– Focuses on how best to design a network

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