MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 2 Week 5

NAME: _____________________________ YR & SEC: ________________

Competency:
The learner illustrates secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle. (M10GE-
IIe-1)

To the Learners:

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of

this module.

2. Writing enhances learning. Keep this in mind and use your notebook to write down
important concepts about the lessons.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.

5. Analyze the post-test and apply what you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations
This module was designed to help you understand the different geometric
relationships involving tangents, secants, segments, and sectors of a circle.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle;
2. illustrate secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle;
3. find the areas of the shaded segments and the shaded sectors;
4. find the measurements of the angles formed by tangents and secants.

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the endpoints of
the arc.
A. Tangent B. Sector C. Segment D. Secant

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 1

2. It is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one point.
A. Tangent Line B. Secant Line C. Vertical Line D. Horizontal Line

3. A line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.

A. Tangent Line B. Secant Line C. Vertical Line D. Horizontal Line

4. If mADC = 160o and mEF= 80o , what is <ABC?

A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70

5. Find the area of the shaded region of the circle.

A. 6 cm2 B. 9 cm2 C. 10 cm2 D. 12 cm2

Looking Back to your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you have learned on how to derive inductively the
relations among chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles. You have learned
to prove theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles. The
tables below indicate the theorems on central angles, arcs, chords, and inscribed
angles.

Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

1. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding central angles are congruent.
2. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are congruent.
3. In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only
if it is perpendicular to the chord.

Theorems on Inscribed Angles

1. If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the measure of the angle equals one-half the
measure of its intercepted arc (or the measure of the intercepted arc is twice the measure
of the inscribed angle).
2. If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent circles) intercept congruent arcs or the
same arc, then the angles are congruent.
3. In an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a right angle.
4. If a quadrilateral is an inscribed angle, then its opposite angles are supplementary.

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Secant, Tangent, Segment, and Sector of a Circle

A. Secant Defined

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 2

A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains a chord
of a circle.

In ⨀S, ⃡𝐸𝐹 is a secant line.

B. Tangent Defined
A tangent to a circle is defined as a line that passes through exactly one point on a
circle. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called the point of tangency.

In ⨀E, ⃡𝐽𝐾 is a tangent line.

O is a point of tangency. ⃡𝐽𝐾

intersects ⨀E at O.

B.1. Postulate on Tangent Line

At a given point on a circle, one and only one line can be drawn that is tangent to
the circle.

To illustrate, consider ⨀R on
the left. If S is a point on the
circle, then one and only one
line can be drawn through S
that is tangent to the circle.

B.2. Theorems on Tangent Line

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point
of tangency.

2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle and its endpoint that is on the circle,
then the line is tangent to the circle.
3. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then the two
segments are congruent.

B.3. Common Tangent

A line that is tangent to more than one circle is referred to as a common tangent of
both circles.

A common tangent can be further divided into internal and external common tangents;
the difference being that internal common tangents pass through the line segment
joining the centers of the two circles and external common tangents do not.

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 3

Common internal Tangents Common external tangents

Lines x and y are Lines m and n are

common internal tangents common external tangents

Tangent and Secant

Segments and rays that are contained in the tangent or intersect the circle in one and
only one point is also said to be tangent to the circle.

In the figure on the left, ̅̅̅̅

𝑅𝑆 and
S 𝑇𝑈 are tangent to ⨀K.

Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants

1. When a tangent and a secant, two secants, or two tangents intersect outside a circle
then the measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.
1
m < 𝐷𝐴𝐸 = (mDE – mBC)
2

For example, if mDE = 148

and mBC = 38, then

1
m ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = (148 – 38)
2
1
= (110)
2

m < 𝐷𝐴𝐸 = 55
2. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an angle formed
is one-half the sum of the measures if the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical
angle.
1 1
m< 1 = (mPQ + mRS) m< 2 = (mPR + mQS)
2 2
P
Example Example
1 1 Q
If mPQ = 90 and 2 If mPR = 70 and

mRS = 110, then 2 mQS = 60, then

1 R 1
m< 1 = (90 + 110) m< 2 = (70 + 60)
2 2
S
1 1
= (200) = (130)
2 2

m< 1 = 100 m< 2 = 65

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 4

3. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.

Q
1 1
m< QSR = mQS m< QSW = mQTS
2 2
R
Example Example
S If mQS = 170o , then if mQTS = 190o , then
T
1 1
m< QSR = (170o ) m< QSW = (190o )
2 2
W
m< QSR = 85o m< QSW = 95o

C. Segment of a Circle Defined

The segment of a circle is the region bounded by a chord and the arc subtended by
the chord.

The segment is the small partially curved figure left when the triangular portion of the
sector is removed.

The shaded region in the figure is a segment of ⨀S. It

is the region bounded by arc TU and chord TU.

D. Sector of a Circle Defined

A sector of a circle is the portion of a circle enclosed by two
radii and an arc. It resembles a "pizza" slice.
The shaded region is the sector of the circle Y.

FINDING AREA OF A SECTOR OF A CIRCLE

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio
360
and the area of the circle. Hence
𝑛
𝐴= 𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑛 = measure of the central angle
360

To find the area of a sector, you have to do the following:

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
1. Determine first the ratio .
360
2. Find the area (A) of the circle using the equation A = 𝜋𝑟², where r is the length of the
radius.
3. Get the product of the results you obtained from steps 1 and 2.

Example: ̂ = 60, what is the area of the sector

The radius of ⨀C is 10 cm. If m𝐴𝐵
ACB?

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 5

Solution: To find the area of sector ACB:

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

Step 1. Determine first the ratio
360
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 60
=
360 360
1
=
6

Step 2. Find the area (A) of the circle using the equation A = 𝜋𝑟², where r is the length
of the radius.
A = 𝜋𝑟²
= 𝜋 (10𝑐𝑚)²
= 100 𝜋𝑐𝑚²

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

Step 3. Get the product of the ratio and the area of the circle.
360

1
Area of the sector ACB = (100𝜋) cm2
6

50𝜋
= cm²
3

50𝜋
Therefore, the area of sector ACB is cm².
3

FINDING AREA OF A SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE.

To find the area of the shaded segment,

Step 1: Get the area of the sector formed by the given radii.

Step 2: Get the area of the triangle formed by the two radii and the chord connecting
1
the endpoints of the radii on the circle. To do this, use the formula 𝐴∆ = 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃, where
2
𝜃 is the measure of the central angle formed by the two radii. NOTE: make sure your
calculator is in “deg” mode

Step 3: Subtract the area of the triangle from the area of the sector to obtain the area
of the segment.

Example: The shaded region in the figure is a segment of ⨀T.

̂ = 30o , ̅̅̅̅
If m𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑇 = 10 cm

Solution: To find the area of the shaded segment in the figure, subtract the area of the
triangle PTQ from the area of the sector PTQ.
Step 1: Get the area of the sector formed by the given radii.
30
̂ = 30, 𝑟 = 10 cm ⟹ Area of sector PTQ =
m𝑃𝑄 𝜋(10cm)2
360

1
= 𝜋 (144 𝑐𝑚2 )
12

= 12𝜋 𝑐𝑚2
Step 2: Get the area of the triangle formed by the two radii and the chord

𝑟 = 10 𝑐𝑚, measure of the central angle = 30o

1
𝐴∆ = 𝑟 2 sin 𝜃
2
1
= (10)2 sin 30o
2
= 25

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 6

Step 3: Subtract the area of the triangle from the area of the sector to obtain the area
of the segment.

𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (12𝜋 − 25)cm2

Activities

Activity 1.1 Tan Lines

Based on the figure (circle O) on the right, determine the
following using the words given in the box below.
⃡
1. 𝐹𝐺 ̂
4. 𝐶𝐷 7. ∠𝐷𝑂𝐵
⃡
2. 𝐼𝐹 ̅̅̅̅
5. 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
8. 𝑂𝐶
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐷 6. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 9. Shaded portion

Chord Radius Sector Point of Tangency

Tangent Line Secant Line Segment (of a circle)

Center Central Angle Arc

Activity 1.2 Find My Part

Find the area of the shaded region of each circle. All arcs are measured in degrees.

1. 2. 3.

Activity 1.3 From One Place to Another

Use the figure and the given information to answer the questions that follow.
1. If mADC = 130 and mEF = 40, 2. If mMKL = 220 and mML = 140,
What is m< 𝐴𝐵𝐶? what is m< 𝑀𝑄𝐿?

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 7

3. If m∠𝑦 = 95o find m𝑥̂.

Remember
 A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant
contains a chord of a circle.

 A tangent to a circle is defined as a line that passes through exactly one

point on a circle. The point of intersection of the line and the circle is
called the point of tangency

 The segment of a circle is the region bounded by a chord and the arc
subtended by the chord. The segment is the small partially curved figure
left when the triangular portion of the sector is removed.

 A sector of a circle is the portion of a circle enclosed by two radii and

an arc. It resembles a "pizza" slice.

Check your Understanding

Use the figure and the given information to answer the questions that follow.

1. If mPR = 45 and mQS = 49, 2. OK is tangent to ⨀R at C.

what is m< 𝑃𝑇𝑅? m< 𝑅𝑇𝑆? Suppose KC ≅ OC , OK = 56, and

RC = 24. Find: OR, RS, and KS.
P

R
T
S R

Q S K O
C

3. What is the area of the shaded 4. What is the area of the shaded

sector of ⨀S? segment of ⨀W?

B
A
100⁰
45⁰

B W M
C 12 cm 5 cm

Post-test
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. It the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the endpoints of the
arc.
A. Tangent B. Sector C. Segment D. Secant

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 8

2. It is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one point.
A. Tangent Line B. Secant Line C. Vertical Line D. Horizontal Line

3. A line that intersects a circle at exactly two points.

A. Tangent Line B. Secant Line C. Vertical Line D. Horizontal Line

4. If mADC = 160o and mEF= 80o , what is <ABC?

A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70

5. Find the area of the shaded region of the circle.

A. 6 cm2 B. 9 cm2 C. 10 cm2 D. 12 cm2

Additional Activities

To better understand the lesson, watch the video lesson on

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HFkHP43sWA entitled “Finding Sector Area
of a Circle”.

Reflection

This activity will enable you to reflect about the topics and activities you underwent.

Reflect on the activities that you have done in this lesson by completing the following
statements. Write your answers on your e-journal and send it to your teacher.

● I learned that I … ● I observed that I …

● I noticed that I … ● Hashtag (#) …

References
Leticia E. Sibangan, 2005, New Integrated Approach in Math III (Geometry), St.
Bernadette Publications, Inc.

Department of Education, 2012 K to 12 Curriculum Guide Mathematics,

Department of Education, Philippines,
Department of Education, 2020 K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competency,
Mathematics Department of Education, Philippines,

MATH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 5 9

 MATHEMATICS 10 Answer Sheet
Quarter: 2 Week # 5
NAME _______________________________________________ Section : ________________
PRE-TEST

1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______

6._______ 7._______ 8._______ 9._______ 10._______

ACTIVITY 1.1

1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______

6._______ 7._______ 8._______ 9._______

ACTIVITY 1.2

1._______ 2._______ 3._______

ACTIVITY 1.3

1._______ 2._______ 3._______

ACTIVITY 4
1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______

POSTTEST

1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______

6._______ 7._______ 8._______ 9._______ 10._______

Math 10 Quarter 2 Week 5