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(/. U RN .'U: &SLH ZL'

1) The document discusses computer communication networks and covers topics such as network models, protocols, data link layer, and network devices. 2) It introduces concepts like protocol layering, TCP/IP protocol suite, data encapsulation, and data link layer protocols. 3) Specific topics covered include data representation, data flow, physical network structures, LAN and WAN network types, switching, and the internet.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views33 pages

(/. U RN .'U: &SLH ZL'

1) The document discusses computer communication networks and covers topics such as network models, protocols, data link layer, and network devices. 2) It introduces concepts like protocol layering, TCP/IP protocol suite, data encapsulation, and data link layer protocols. 3) Specific topics covered include data representation, data flow, physical network structures, LAN and WAN network types, switching, and the internet.

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rTlN4PUTER COMM U NICATION N ETWORKS 15EC64

MODULE: 1

{NTRODUCTION: Data Communications: Components, Representations, Data Flow, Networks: Physical


Structures, Network Types: LAN, WAN, Switching, Internet.

NETWORK MODETS: Protocol Layering: Scenarios, Princinles, Logical Connections, TCP/IP Protocol Suite:
Layered Architecture, Layers in TCP/IP suite, Description of layers, Encapsulation and Decapsulation,
Addressing, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing, The OSI Model: OSI versus TCP/IP.

DATA-LINK LAYER: Introduction: Nodes and Links, Seruices, Categories of link, Sublayers, Link Layer
addressing: Types of addresses, ARP. Data Link Control(DLC) services: Framing, Flow and Error Control,
Data Link Layei Protocols: Simple Protocol, Stop and Wait protocol, Piggybacking.

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