Singapore Mathematical Society

Singapore Mathematical Olympiad (SMO) 2006 (Senior Section)

Tuesday, 30 May 2006

0930-1200

Important:

Answer ALL 35 questions.

Enter your answers on the answer sheet provided.

For the multiple choice questions, enter your answers in the answer sheet by shading the bubbles containing the letters (A, B, C, D or E) corresponding to the correct answers.

For the other short questions, write your answers in answer sheet and shade the appropriate bubbles below your answers.

No steps are needed to justify your answers. Each question carries 1 mark.

No calculators are allowed.

1. Let p = 23009, q = 32006 and r = 51003. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) p < q < r (B) p < r < q (C) q < p < r (D) r < p < q

(E) q < r < p

2. Which of the following numbers is the largest?

(A) 3020 (B) 1030 (C) 3010 + 2020 (D) (30 + 10)20 (E) (30 x 20)10

3. What is the last digit of the number

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 0

1 1

4. Let x be a number such that x + - = 4. Find the value of x3 + -3 .

X x'

(A) 48 (B) 50 (C) 52 (D) 54 (E) None of the above

16

F

3

5. Consider the two curves y = 2::r3 + 6x + 1 and y = - 2 in the Cartesian plane. x

Find the number of distinct points at which these two curves intersect.

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0 (E) 5

6. In the following figure, AB is the diameter of a circle with centre at O .. It is given that AB = 4 cm, BC = 3 cm, LABD = LDBE. Suppose the area of the quadrilateral ABC D is x cm ' and the area of DDC E is y crrr'. Find the value of . x

the ratio -.

y

(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6

E

7. Five students A, B, C, D and E form a team to take part in a 5-leg relay competition.

If A cannot run the first leg and D cannot run the last leg, how many ways can we arrange them to run the relay?

(A) 74 (B) 76 (C) 78 (D) 80 (E) 82

8. There are n balls in a box, and the balls are numbered 1,2,3, ... .n respectively.

One of the balls is removed from the box, and it turns out that the sum of the numbers on the remaining balls in the box is 5048. If the number on the ball removed from the box is m, find the value of m.

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

17

9. Suppose a, b, c are real numbers such that a + b + c = 0 and abc = -100. Let

1 1 1 .

x = - + - + -. Which of the following statements IS true?

abc

(A) x>O (B) x=O (C) -l<x<O (D) -100<x<-1

(E) x<-100

10. Let a and b be positive real numbers such that

1 1 1

- - - - _- =0.

a b a + b

b a 2

Find the value of ( - + -) .

a b

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8

11. Find the value of

20062 - 19942 1600

12. Find the smallest natural number n which satisfies the inequality

20061003 < n2006.

13. Find the smallest integer greater than (1 + y'2)3.

14. Find the number of pairs of positive integers (x, y) which satisfy the equation

20x + 6y = 2006.

18

15. DABC is a right-angled triangle with LABC = 900• A circle C1 is drawn with AB as diameter, and another circle C2 is drawn with BC as diameter. The circles C1 and C2 meet at the points Band P. If AB = 5 em, BC = 12 cm and BP = x em, 2400

find the value of _-.

x

A

...

16. Evaluate

17. In the diagram below, ABCD is a square. The points A, Band C are collinear.

The line segments AC and DC intersect at E, and the line segments DC and BC intersect at F. Suppose that DE = 15 ern, EF = 9 ern, and FC = x ern. Find the value of x.

E

F

A~----------~------~G

B

18. Find the sum of the coefficients of the polynomial

19. Different positive 3-digit integers are formed from the five digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and repetitions of the digits are allowed. As an example, such positive 3-digit integers include 352, 577, 111, etc. Find the sum of all the distinct positive 3-digit integers formed in this way.

1

20. Find the value of - 4 sin 70°.

sin 10°

1

21. Let w = 1 + ~ + W + W + {ff6. Find the value of (1 + _ )30.

W

22. Suppose A and B are two angles such that

sin A + sin B = 1 and cos A + cos B = o.

Find the value of 12 cos 2A + 4 cos 2B.

19

23. Consider the SOO-digit integer

234523452345···2345.

The first m digits and the last n digits of the above integer are crossed out so that the sum of the remaining digits is 2345. Find the value of m + n.

24. Let a and b be two integers. Suppose that V7 - 4J3 is a root of the equation x2 + ax + b = O. Find the value of b - a.

25. Suppose x and yare integers such that

(x - 2004)(x - 2006) = 2Y.

Find the largest possible value of x + y.

1

26. In the following diagram, LACB = 90°, DEl_BC, BE = AC, BD = "2 ern, and

DE + BC = 1 cm. Suppose LABC = x", Find the value of x.

A

D

B~------~~--~C

E

27. If

1

] (x) = ij x2 + 2x + 1 + ij x2 - 1 + ij x2 - 2x + 1 for all positive integers x, find the value of

](1) + ](3) + ](5) + ... + ](997) + ](999).

2S. In the figure below, S is a point on QR and U is a point on P R. The line segments PS and QU intersect at the point T. It is given that PT = TS and QS = 2RS. If the area of D.PQ R is 150 em 2 and the area of D.P SU is x em 2. Find the value of x.

p

20

..._

29. Let a and b be two integers. Suppose x2 - x-I is a factor of the polynomial ax5 + bx" + 1. Find the value of a.

. J6-v1 .

30. If sm e - cos e = 2 ' find the value of 24(sm3 e - cos" e)2.

31. How many ordered pairs of positive integers (x, y) satisfy the equation

xVfj + yVx + J2006xy - V2006x - J2006y - 2006 = O?

32. Find the remainder when the integer

1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x ... x 2003 x 2005

is divided by 1000.

33. Let 1 : N ----t Q be a function, where N denotes the set of natural numbers, and Q denotes the set of rational numbers. Suppose that 1 (1) = ~, and

for all natural numbers x, y. Find the value of 1(20).

34. Suppose xo, Xl, X2, ... is a sequence of numbers such that Xo = 1000, and

for all n 2: 1. Find the value of

1 1 2 997 998

22 Xo + "2XI + X2 + 2X3 + 2 X4 + ... + 2 X999 + 2 XlOOO·

35. Let p be an integer such that both roots of the equation

5X2 - 5px + (66p - 1) = 0

are positive integers. Find the value of p.

21

Saturday, 24 June 2006

0930- 1230

Singapore Mathematical Society

Singapore Mathematical Olympiad (SMO) 2006 (Senior Section, Special Round)

Important:

Attempt as many questions as you can. No calculators are allowed.

Show all the steps in your working. Each question carries 10 marks.

37

1. Let a, d be integers such that a, a + d, a + 2d are all prime numbers larger than 3.

Prove that d is a multiple of 6.

2. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral, let the angle bisectors at A and B meet at E, and let the line through E parallel to side CD intersect AD at Land BC at M. Prove that LA + MB = LM.

3. Two circles are tangent to each other internally at a point T. Let the chord AB of the larger circle be tangent to the smaller circle at a point P. Prove that the line T P bisects LAT B.

4. You have a large number of congruent equilateral triangular tiles on a table and you want to fit n of them together to make a convex equiangular hexagon (i.e., one whose interior angles are 120°). Obviously, n cannot be any positive integer. The first three feasible n are 6, 10 and 13. Determine if 19 and 20 are feasible.

5. It is claimed that the number

N = 526315789473684210

is a persistent number, that is, if multiplied by any positive integer the resulting number always contains the ten digits 0,1, ... ,9 in some order with possible repetitions.

(a) Prove or disprove the claim.

(b) Are there any persistent numbers smaller than the above number?