Alaa El-Din Mohamed Sardina Est.

‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﺮدﻳﻨﻪ‬

Deep Foundation Contracting ‫ﻣﻘــﺎوﻻت أﺳـﺎﺳـﺎت ﻋـﻤـﻴـﻘــﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺮوع إﺳﻜﺎن اﻋﻀﺎء هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ‬

‫ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﺎزان‬
Reinforced CFA Concrete Pile
Structural Calculations

Design for pile horizontal capacity

& reinforcement details

MAY 2009

+٩٦٦(٥٠)٦٣٨٨٨٥١ : ‫ ﺟﻮال‬+٩٦٦(٢)٦٦٥٧٥٣٣:‫ ﻓﺎآـﺲ‬+٩٦٦(٢)٦٦٥٧٨٥٩:‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮن‬٥١٦٦٣ ‫ ب‬.‫ ص‬- ٢١٥٥٣ ‫ﺟـﺪة‬

Jeddah 21553 - P.O.Box 51663 Tel.: +966(2)6657859 Fax: +966(2)6657533 Mobile: +966(50)6388851
Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.SARDINAfoundation.com
 ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺠﺰء‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ آﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﻦ اﻻوﺗﺎد‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫وﺗﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٧٥‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪٢٠ Ф٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬أ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻮﺗﺪ آﻌﻤﻮد – ﻣﻊ اﻻﺧﺬ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻇﺎهﺮة اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ب‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ – ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺬآﻮرة‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﺟﺰء ‪١-‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻧﺸﺎء ﻓﻠﻞ اﺳﻜﺎن اﻋﻀﺎء هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺰان‬

‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻻوﺗﺎد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻄﺎر ‪ ٧٥‬ﺳﻢ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﻼوﺗﺎد ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺧﺎص ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ‪ , civil tech software‬اﺻﺪار‬
‫)‪ (All pile pro v6.5E‬و ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺧﺬ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺧﻮاص ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ آﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰوم و ﻗﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫آﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻼزم ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻻﻧﺸﺎء اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
 ‫ﺟﺰء ‪2-‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
 ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

‫‪-‬ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫• اﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ = ‪ ٢٤‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل )اﺟﻬﺎد آﺴﺮ اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ(‬
‫• ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ رﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ٦٠/٤٠‬ذو اﺟﻬﺎد ﺧﻀﻮع ادﻧﻰ ﻣﻘﺪارة ‪ ٤٢٠‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬

‫‪-‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏﻄﺎء ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ١٠‬ﺳﻢ‬

‫‪-‬اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ راس اﻻوﺗﺎد و ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮن )ﺟﺴﻰء أو ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﺮأس(‬

‫‪-‬اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺎزان و اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﺪورهﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻰ ) ‪ ( 2B‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ آﻮد اﻻﻧﺸﺎء اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻰ‬
‫‪ UBC-97‬وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ و اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬و اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﻦ وزارة اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ و‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫آﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺼﻨﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻰ )‪ (SDC c‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أآﻮاد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ اﻻﺧﺮى ‪,ASCE 7-2005‬‬
‫‪,IBC 2006‬‬

‫‪ -‬ان ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻘﻮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪ = ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ازاﺣﺔ اﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارهﺎ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﺎن ﻳﺴﺎوى ‪ ) ٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟـ ‪( IBC-2006 Section 1808.2.9.3‬‬

‫اﻗﻞ ﻃﻮل ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ هﻮ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ – (UBC 97 section 1809.5) -‬ﻃﻮل ﻳﺴﺎوى ‪ ١٫٢‬اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻌﺰوم و اﻟﺬى ﻳﻘﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ و ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﺬى ﻋﻨﺪة ﻣﻘﺪار اﻻزاﺣﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫)‪ –(IBC 2006 section 1810.1.2.1‬ﻃﻮل ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ o‬اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬اول ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻨﺪة ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺬى ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺷﺮوخ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻀﺮوﺑﺎ * ‪٠٫٤‬‬

‫‪ – (ASCE 7-2005 section 14.2.3.1.2) -‬ﻃﻮل ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ o‬اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬اول ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺛﻼث اﺿﻌﺎف ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻨﺪة ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺬى ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺷﺮوخ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻀﺮوﺑﺎ * ‪٠٫٤‬‬

‫أﻗﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ رأﺳﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬

‫‪ - (IBC 2006 section 1810.1.2.1) -‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ‪ %٠٫٢٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ – (ASCE 7-2005 section 14.2.3.1.2) -‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ‪ %٠٫٢٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬
 ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫• )‪(ASCE 7-2005 section 14.2.3.1.2)، (IBC 2006 section 1810.1.2.1‬‬
‫• ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺪﻳﺪ آﺎﻧﺎت )او ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﻰء( ذو ﻗﻄﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪٩‬ﻣﻢ و ﺧﻄﻮة ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺳﻢ أو ‪٨‬‬
‫اﺿﻌﺎف ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺮاﺳﻰ اﻳﻬﻤﺎ اﻗﻞ )و ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎت و ﺑﻄﻮل ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ ٣‬اﺿﻌﺎف ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺗﺪ(‬
‫• ﺧﻄﻮة اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺳﻢ أو ‪ ١٦‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺮاﺳﻰ اﻳﻬﻤﺎ اﻗﻞ‬
 ‫ﺟﺰء ‪٣-‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ =‬

‫‪Fct=0.7S(f 'c) MPa = 0.7 S(24) = 3.4 MPa‬‬ ‫‪take it as 34 kg/cm²‬‬

‫‪For circle cross-section z=Π*D³/32‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺬى ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺷﺮوخ ﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Cracking moment Mcr = Fct * z‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬ ‫‪* ١٫٢‬اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ راس‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬ ‫‪ * ٠٫٤‬اﻟﻌﺰم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫اﻓﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺗﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫راس اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮوخ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪ ٠٫٤‬ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻃﻦ‬ ‫اﻻزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ اﻻزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬ﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬ﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪ ١١٫٦٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ ٩٫٧‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪٩‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪٥٫٦‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪%٠٫٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٠ Ф٨‬‬ ‫‪ ٧٥‬ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮل ‪١٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل ‪١٨‬‬
‫اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻧﺠﺪ اﻻﺗﻰ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻔﺺ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﻮل ‪ ١٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ) ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺮﺑﺎط داﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ( – ﻳﻜﻮن آﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻﻓﻘﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻻﻧﺸﺎء و اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %٠٫٥‬و هﺬة اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻜﻮد ‪ IBC 2006‬و آﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ آﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ ﻟﻼﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت ان زﻳﺎدة ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫‪ %١‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﺆدى اﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ان زﻳﺎدة ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻮﺗﺪ هﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺰء ‪٤-‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ آﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﻦ اﻻوﺗﺎد‬

‫ﺟﺰء – ‪- ٤‬أ‬

‫وﺗﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٧٥‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪٢٠ Ф٨‬‬

ALL-PILE Version 6 CivilTech Software www.civiltech.com Licensed to Eng./ Amr Zaki Alaa El Din M, SARDINA

Diameter more than 24in (61cm).

For bell section, select "Belled" in
Diameter Variation of Pile Section
FOUNDATION PROFILE & SOIL CONDITIONS Screen.

Depth FOUNDATION PROPERTIES SOIL PROPERTIES Elevation

from from
Ground-m Ground-m
Depth Width-cm A'-cm2 Per.-cm I'-cm4 E -MP W -kN/m Depth γ -kN/m3 φ C-kN/m2 k-MN/m3 e50 % Nspt
0 0
0.0 75 4800.7 235.6 1554501.6 20683 10.651 0.0 16.5 26.1 1 3.3 2.32 2
Concrete (rough) Silt (Phi + C)

2 0.8 5.7 25.6 1 1.6 3.53 1 -2

Silt (Phi + C)

4 -4

6 -6

8 -8

9.0 10.9 31.5 1 64.3 0.69 15

10 Silt (Phi + C) -10

12 -12
12.0 11.2 34.1 1 125.7 0.51 25
Silt (Phi + C)

14 13.5 11.7 35.6 1 182.1 0.42 33 -14

Silt (Phi + C)
15.0 75 4417.9 235.6 1553155.5 20683 10.417 15.0 12.0 36.2 1 214.6 0.39 38
16 Concrete (rough) Silt (Phi + C) -16

18 -18
18.0

20 19.5 12.2 37.4 1 290.6 0.33 50 -20

Silt (Phi + C)

22 -22

24 -24

26 -26

28 -28

30 -30

Batter Angle=0.0 (Pile diameter not to scale) Surface Angle=0.0

CivilTech SARDINA FOUNDATION

Software ARTAR PROJECT -pile 75 cm Figure 1
 LATERAL ANALYSIS 5.0

Loads:
Load Factor for Vertical Loads= 1.0
Load Factor for Lateral Loads= 1.0
Loads Supported by Pile Cap= 0 %
Shear Condition: Cyclic
Number of Cycles: 10
Vertical Load, Q= 0.0 -kN
Shear Load, P= 100.0 -kN
Slope Restain St= 0.00 -cm/-cm

Profile:
Pile Length, L= 18.0 -m
Top Height, H= 0.0 -m
Slope Angle, As= 0.0
Batter Angle, Ab= 0.0

Fixed Head Condition

Nocontributing Zone, Ln1=Ln2=Ln3=0.

Drilled Shaft (dia >24 in. or 61 cm)

Soil Data: Pile Data:

Depth Gamma Phi C K e50 or Dr Nspt Depth Width Area Per. I E Weight
-m -kN/m3 -kN/m2 -MN/m3 % -m -cm -cm2 -cm -cm4 -MP -kN/m
0.000 16.5 26.1 1 3.3 2.32 2 0.0 75 4800.7 235.6 1554501.6 20683 10.651
0.75 5.7 25.6 1 1.6 3.53 1 15.0 75 4417.9 235.6 1553155.5 20683 10.417
9 10.9 31.5 1 64.3 0.69 15 18.0
12 11.2 34.1 1 125.7 0.51 25
13.5 11.7 35.6 1 182.1 0.42 33
15 12.0 36.2 1 214.6 0.39 38
19.5 12.2 37.4 1 290.6 0.33 50
Single Pile Lateral Analysis:
Top Deflection, yt= 0.66800-cm
Max. Moment, M= 260.00-kN-m
Top Deflection Slope, St= 0.00000
OK! Top Deflection, 0.6680-cm is less than the Allowable Deflection= 1.20-cm

Note: If program can't find result or the result exceeds the up limits. The result shows 9999.
The Max. Moment calculated by program is an internal force from the applied load conditions. Structural engineer has to check whether
the pile has enough capacity to resist the moment with adequate factor of safety. If not, the pile may fail under the load conditions.

CivilTech SARDINA FOUNDATION

Software ARTAR PROJECT -pile 75 cm
ALL-PILE Version 6 CivilTech Software www.civiltech.com Licensed to Eng./ Amr Zaki Alaa El Din M, SARDINA

PILE DEFLECTION & FORCE vs DEPTH

Single Pile, Khead=5, Kbc=2

Depth (Zp) DEFLECTION, yt -cm MOMENT -kN-m SHEAR -kN Elevation

from from
Pile Top-m -1.00 0 +1.00 -500 0 +500 -100 0 +100 γ -kN/m3 φ C-kN/m2 k-MN/m3e50 % Pile Top-m
0 0
16.5 26.1 1 3.3 2.32
Silt (Phi + C)

2 5.7 25.6 1 1.6 3.53 -2

Silt (Phi + C)

4 -4

6 -6

8 -8

yt=0 at 9.7-m 10.9 31.5 1 64.3 0.69

10 Silt (Phi + C) -10
St=0 at 10.7-m

12 -12
11.2 34.1 1 125.7 0.51
Silt (Phi + C)

14 11.7 35.6 1 182.1 0.42 -14

Silt (Phi + C)

12.0 36.2 1 214.6 0.39

16 Silt (Phi + C) -16

18 -18
Tip yt=-2.55E-9 Top yt=6.68E-1 Top Moment=-260.0 Top Shear=100.0
Max. yt=6.68E-1 Max. Moment=260.0 Max. Shear=100.0 E -MP=20683
Top St=-2.39E-18 I'-cm4=1553156
20 -20

22 -22

24 -24

26 -26

28 -28

30 -30

CivilTech SARDINA FOUNDATION

Software ARTAR PROJECT -pile 75 cm 5.0
ALL-PILE Version 6 CivilTech Software www.civiltech.com Licensed to Eng./ Amr Zaki Alaa El Din M, SARDINA

PILE DEFLECTION vs LOADING

Single Pile, Khead=5, Kbc=2

Depth (Zp) DEFLECTION, yt -cm Elevation

from from
Pile Top-m -1.00 0 +1.00 Pile Top-m
0 0

2 -2

4 -4

6 -6

8 -8

10 -10

12 -12

14 -14

16 -16

18 -18

20 -20

22 -22

24 -24
Lateral Slope Vertical yt Slope Max.
No. Load Restraint Load at Top at Top Moment
26 (kN) (cm/cm) (kN) (cm) (cm/cm) (kN-m) -26
1 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00 26.0
2 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.00 77.9
28 3 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.00 130.0 -28
4 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.00 182.0
5 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.00 208.0
30 6 90.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.00 234.0 -30
7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.00 260.0

CivilTech SARDINA FOUNDATION

Software ARTAR PROJECT -pile 75 cm 5.0
ALL-PILE Version 6 CivilTech Software www.civiltech.com Licensed to Eng./ Amr Zaki Alaa El Din M, SARDINA

PILE MOMENT vs LOADING

Single Pile, Khead=5, Kbc=2

Depth (Zp) MOMENT -kN-m Elevation

from from
Pile Top-m -500.00 0 +500.00 Pile Top-m
0 0

2 -2

4 -4

6 -6

8 -8

10 -10

12 -12

14 -14

16 -16

18 -18

20 -20

22 -22

24 -24
Lateral Slope Vertical yt Slope Max.
No. Load Restraint Load at Top at Top Moment
26 (kN) (cm/cm) (kN) (cm) (cm/cm) (kN-m) -26
1 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00 26.0
2 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.00 77.9
28 3 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.00 130.0 -28
4 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.00 182.0
5 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.00 208.0
30 6 90.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.00 234.0 -30
7 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.00 260.0

CivilTech SARDINA FOUNDATION

Software ARTAR PROJECT -pile 75 cm 5.0
 ‫ﺟﺰء – ‪- ٤‬ب‬

‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻻوﺗﺎد آﻘﻄﺎع ﻋﻤﻮد داﺋﺮى‬

‫ﻣﻊ اﺧﺬ ﻇﺎهﺮة اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج ﻟﻄﻮل ‪ ٩‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
 ‫ﺟﺰء – ‪٥‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺬآﻮرة‬

saudi seismic.gif (1100x1683x256 gif)
 ‫ب( ﻣﻨﺸﺂت ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (B‬و )‪(C‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺌﺔ اﻷداء اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ )‪ (B‬و )‪ (C‬أن ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻓﺌﺔ اﻷداء اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ )‪ (A‬وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻮاردة‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ )‪ ( ٦-٤-٢‬و ) ‪ – ٥ – ٤ – ٢‬ج ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟـ( أﺑﺤــﺎث ‪Investigation‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺪ )‪ (١ -٤ – ٢‬و ) ‪ ( ٢ – ٤ -٢‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ أﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮرة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫· ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﻨﺤـﺪرات ‪.‬‬
‫· اﻟﺘﻤﻴــﻊ ‪. Liquefaction‬‬
‫· ﺗﻤﺰق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦ – ٤ – ٢‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻮازﻳﻖ ‪ Piles‬وﻏﺮف اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺎء ‪. Caissons‬‬
‫أ( ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ‪Design For Earthquake Motion‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ وﻏﺮف اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺜﻨﺎء إذا آﺎن أﻋﻠﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻴﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻼزاﺣﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ %١٢٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻧﺜﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ب( ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ‪Footing Interconnection‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺮﺑﻂ رؤس اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻋﺎﺋﻢ راﺑﻄﺔ أو ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻘﺎوم هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ ﻗﻮة ﺷﺪ وﺿﻐﻂ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ %١٠‬ﻣﻦ أآﺒﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة أو ﻋﻤﻮد إﻻ إذا ﺗﻢ اﻟﺒﺮهﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ رﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ رﺑﻂ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ١ - ٣‬ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ١ – ١ – ٣‬ﻋﺎم‬
‫ﺗﻄﺮح اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺪة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺪث أﻗﺼﻰ وأﺷﺪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ أي ﻣﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل أن ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻋﻤﺮﻩ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬا اﻟﺰﻟﺰال ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪًا ‪ .‬هﺬا هﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﻬﺪف‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺰﻻزل إﻟﻰ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺰﻻزل اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺣﺪوث أﺿﺮار ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺪة ﺑﺪون ﺣﺼﻮل أﺿﺮار إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ آﺒﻴﺮة وﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺿﺮار ﻏﻴﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ زﻻزل ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺪة ﺑﺪون اﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﺼﺪﻋﺎت إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢– ١ – ٣‬اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ‪Ductility‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻣﺎ أن ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻘﻮى أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺰى ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻈﺮوف‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﻤﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺗﺪﻋﻰ اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ‪ Ductility‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫آﺒﻴﺮة ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻜﺴﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ وﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﻪ ‪ Distortion‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﺪوﻧﺔ‬
‫آﺒﻴﺮة ‪.‬ﻳﻤﺘﺺ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﻳﺆﺟﻞ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺑﻬﺬا ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﻪ اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮﻳﺔ وﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻩ واﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل )ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ (١‬إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ﻓﺈذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣــﺮﻧﺔ ‪ Elastic‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ (B‬وﻳـﻜﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ هﻮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧــﺔ‬
‫‪. Elasticity‬‬
 Table 4: IBC Occupancy Categories and
Seismic Use Groups versus UBC Occupancy Categories

2000 IBC 2000 IBC 1997 UBC

Occupancy Seismic Occupancy General
Category Category Category Description
I I 4 Standard-occupancy
building
II II 3 Assembly building
III III 1, 2 Essential or
hazardous facility
IV I 5 Low-hazard facility

Section 1616.2.4 of the IBC discusses assignment of seismic use group

to structures occupied for two or more occupancies.

The IBC assigns seismic importance factors, IE, to the various seismic
use groups in Table 1604.5. The 1997 UBC assigns seismic impor-
tance factors to the various occupancy categories in Table 16-K. See
analysis to Section 1604.5 for further discussion on importance fac-
tors.

1616.3 Determination of seismic design category. The IBC uses

Seismic Design Categories (SDC) to determine permissible structural
systems, limitations on height and irregularity, the type of lateral force
analysis that must be performed, the level of detailing for structural
members and joints that are part of the lateral-force-resisting system
and for the components that are not. The 1997 UBC, as in the prior edi-
tions of the Code, utilizes the Seismic Zone (Section 1629.4.1, Figure
16-2, Table 16-I) in which a structure is located for all these purposes.
The Seismic Design Category is a function of occupancy (called Seismic
Use Group in the IBC and the 1997 NEHRP Provisions) and of soil-
modified seismic risk at the site of the structure in the form of the
design spectral response acceleration at short periods, SDS , and the
design spectral response acceleration at 1-second period, SD1 . For a
structure, the Seismic Design Category needs to be determined twice—
first as a function of SDS by Table 1616.3-1 and a second time as a func-
tion of SD1 by 1616.3-2; the more severe category governs. For the pur-
poses of detailing as well as the other restrictions, the UBC Seismic
Zones and the corresponding IBC Seismic Design Categories shown in
Table 5 may be considered to be approximately equivalent:

Table 5: Approximate Equivalency between UBC

Seismic Zones and IBC Seismic Design Categories

1997 UBC Seismic Zone 0,1 2A, 2B 3, 4

2000 IBC Seismic Design Category A, B C D, E, F

1616.4 Design requirements for Seismic Design Category A.

Seismic Design Category A structures are those in all occupancy cat-
egories located where SDS < 0.167g and SD1 < 0.067g. The IBC has con-
veniently placed all of the requirements for Seismic Design Category
A structures in Section 1616.4. Seismic Design Category A structures
are required to be provided with a complete lateral-force-resisting sys-
tem designed to resist a minimum lateral force given in IBC Section
1616.4.1, which is simply 1 percent of the weight of the structure. No

22 | COMPARISON UBC-IBC Structural

 CHAP. 18, DIV. I
1808.7.3 1997 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
1809.5.2.3

1808.7.3 Minimum dimensions. Driven piles of uniform sec- 1809.5 Special Requirements for Piles and Caissons.
tion shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less than 8 inches
(203 mm). 1809.5.1 General. Piles, caissons and caps shall be designed ac-
cording to the provisions of Section 1603, including the effects of
lateral displacements. Special detailing requirements as described
in Section 1809.5.2 shall apply for a length of piles equal to 120
SECTION 1809 — FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION— percent of the flexural length. Flexural length shall be considered
SEISMIC ZONES 3 AND 4 as a length of pile from the first point of zero lateral deflection to
the underside of the pile cap or grade beam.
1809.1 General. In Seismic Zones 3 and 4 the further require- 1809.5.2 Steel piles, nonprestressed concrete piles and pre-
ments of this section shall apply to the design and construction of stressed concrete piles.
foundations, foundation components and the connection of super-
structure elements thereto. 1809.5.2.1 Steel piles. Piles shall conform to width-thickness
ratios of stiffened, unstiffened and tubular compression elements
' 1809.2 Soil Capacity. The foundation shall be capable of trans- as shown in Chapter 22, Division VIII.
mitting the design base shear and overturning forces prescribed in
Section 1630 from the structure into the supporting soil. The 1809.5.2.2 Nonprestressed concrete piles. Piles shall have
short-term dynamic nature of the loads may be taken into account transverse reinforcement meeting the requirements of Section
in establishing the soil properties. 1921.4.
EXCEPTION: Transverse reinforcement need not exceed the
1809.3 Superstructure-to-Foundation Connection. The con- amount determined by Formula (21-2) in Section 1921.4.4.1 for spiral
or circular hoop reinforcement or by Formula (21-4) in Section
nection of superstructure elements to the foundation shall be ade- 1921.4.4.1 for rectangular hoop reinforcement.
quate to transmit to the foundation the forces for which the
elements were required to be designed. 1809.5.2.3 Prestressed concrete piles. Piles shall have a mini-
mum volumetric ratio of spiral reinforcement no less than 0.021
1809.4 Foundation-Soil Interface. For regular buildings, the for 14-inch (356 mm) square and smaller piles, and 0.012 for
force Ft as provided in Section 1630.5 may be omitted when deter- 24-inch (610 mm) square and larger piles unless a smaller value
mining the overturning moment to be resisted at the can be justified by rational analysis. Interpolation may be used be-
foundation-soil interface. tween the specified ratios for intermediate sizes.

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building official after a foundation investigation by an to the extent that other piles cannot be installed properly,
approved agency. and to prevent ground movements that are capable of dam-
aging adjacent structures.
1808.2.9.3 Allowable lateral load. Where required by
the design, the lateral load capacity of a pier, a single pile 1808.2.15 Use of vibratory drivers. Vibratory drivers shall
or a pile group shall be determined by an approved only be used to install piles where the pile load capacity is
method of analysis or by lateral load tests to at least twice verified by load tests in accordance with Section 1808.2.8.3.
the proposed design working load. The resulting allow- The installation of production piles shall be controlled
able load shall not be more than one-half of that test load according to power consumption, rate of penetration or
that produces a gross lateral movement of 1 inch (25 mm) other approved means that ensure pile capacities equal or
at the ground surface. exceed those of the test piles.
1808.2.10 Use of higher allowable pier or pile stresses. 1808.2.16 Pile driveability. Pile cross sections shall be of
Allowable stresses greater than those specified for piers or sufficient size and strength to withstand driving stresses
for each pile type in Sections 1809 and 1810 are permitted without damage to the pile, and to provide sufficient stiff-
where supporting data justifying such higher stresses is filed ness to transmit the required driving forces.
with the building official. Such substantiating data shall 1808.2.17 Protection of pile materials. Where boring
include: records or site conditions indicate possible deleterious
1. A soils investigation in accordance with Section action on pier or pile materials because of soil constituents,
1802. changing water levels or other factors, the pier or pile mate-
rials shall be adequately protected by materials, methods or
2. Pier or pile load tests in accordance with Section
processes approved by the building official. Protective
1808.2.8.3, regardless of the load supported by the
materials shall be applied to the piles so as not to be rendered
pier or pile.
ineffective by driving. The effectiveness of such protective
The design and installation of the pier or pile foundation measures for the particular purpose shall have been thor-
shall be under the direct supervision of a registered design oughly established by satisfactory service records or other
professional knowledgeable in the field of soil mechanics evidence.
and pier or pile foundations who shall certify to the building
official that the piers or piles as installed satisfy the design 1808.2.18 Use of existing piers or piles. Piers or piles left
criteria. in place where a structure has been demolished shall not be
used for the support of new construction unless satisfactory
1808.2.11 Piles in subsiding areas. Where piles are evidence is submitted to the building official, which indi-
installed through subsiding fills or other subsiding strata cates that the piers or piles are sound and meet the require-
and derive support from underlying firmer materials, con- ments of this code. Such piers or piles shall be load tested or
sideration shall be given to the downward frictional forces redriven to verify their capacities. The design load applied
that may be imposed on the piles by the subsiding upper to such piers or piles shall be the lowest allowable load as
strata. determined by tests or redriving data.
Where the influence of subsiding fills is considered as 1808.2.19 Heaved piles. Piles that have heaved during the
imposing loads on the pile, the allowable stresses specified driving of adjacent piles shall be redriven as necessary to
in this chapter are permitted to be increased where satisfac- develop the required capacity and penetration, or the capac-
tory substantiating data are submitted. ity of the pile shall be verified by load tests in accordance
1808.2.12 Settlement analysis. The settlement of piers, with Section 1808.2.8.3.
individual piles or groups of piles shall be estimated based 1808.2.20 Identification. Pier or pile materials shall be
on approved methods of analysis. The predicted settlement identified for conformity to the specified grade with this
shall cause neither harmful distortion of, nor instability in, identity maintained continuously from the point of manu-
the structure, nor cause any stresses to exceed allowable val- facture to the point of installation or shall be tested by an
ues. approved agency to determine conformity to the specified
1808.2.13 Preexcavation. The use of jetting, augering or grade. The approved agency shall furnish an affidavit of
other methods of preexcavation shall be subject to the compliance to the building official.
approval of the building official. Where permitted, 1808.2.21 Pier or pile location plan. A plan showing the
preexcavation shall be carried out in the same manner as location and designation of piers or piles by an identifica-
used for piers or piles subject to load tests and in such a man- tion system shall be filed with the building official prior to
ner that will not impair the carrying capacity of the piers or installation of such piers or piles. Detailed records for piers
piles already in place or damage adjacent structures. Pile or individual piles shall bear an identification correspond-
tips shall be driven below the preexcavated depth until the ing to that shown on the plan.
required resistance or penetration is obtained.
1808.2.22 Special inspection. Special inspections in accor-
1808.2.14 Installation sequence. Piles shall be installed in dance with Sections 1704.8 and 1704.9 shall be provided
such sequence as to avoid compacting the surrounding soil for piles and piers, respectively.

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1809.3 Structural steel piles. Structural steel piles shall con- a unit before the reinforced portion of the pile is filled with
form to the requirements of Sections 1809.3.1 through concrete except in augered uncased cast-in-place piles. Tied
1809.3.4. reinforcement in augered uncased cast-in-place piles shall
be placed after piles are concreted, while the concrete is still
1809.3.1 Materials. Structural steel piles, steel pipe and
in a semifluid state.
fully welded steel piles fabricated from plates shall conform
to ASTM A 36, ASTM A 252, ASTM A 283, ASTM A 572, 1810.1.2.1 Reinforcement in Seismic Design Cate-
ASTM A 588, ASTM A 690, ASTM A 913 or ASTM A gory C. Where a structure is assigned to Seismic Design
992. Category C in accordance with Section 1613, the follow-
1809.3.2 Allowable stresses. The allowable axial stresses ing shall apply. A minimum longitudinal reinforcement
shall not exceed 35 percent of the minimum specified yield ratio of 0.0025 shall be provided for uncased
strength (Fy). cast-in-place concrete drilled or augered piles, piers or
caissons in the top one-third of the pile length, a mini-
Exception: Where justified in accordance with Section mum length of 10 feet (3048 mm) below the ground or
1808.2.10, the allowable axial stress is permitted to be that required by analysis, whichever length is greatest.
increased above 0.35Fy, but shall not exceed 0.5Fy. The minimum reinforcement ratio, but no less than that
1809.3.3 Dimensions of H-piles. Sections of H-piles shall ratio required by rational analysis, shall be continued
comply with the following: throughout the flexural length of the pile. There shall be a
minimum of four longitudinal bars with closed ties (or
1. The flange projections shall not exceed 14 times the equivalent spirals) of a minimum 3/8 inch (9 mm) diame-
minimum thickness of metal in either the flange or the ter provided at 16-longitudinal-bar diameter maximum
web and the flange widths shall not be less than 80 spacing. Transverse confinement reinforcement with a
percent of the depth of the section. maximum spacing of 6 inches (152 mm) or 8-longitudi-
2. The nominal depth in the direction of the web shall nal-bar diameters, whichever is less, shall be provided
not be less than 8 inches (203 mm). within a distance equal to three times the least pile
3. Flanges and web shall have a minimum nominal dimension of the bottom of the pile cap.
thickness of 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). 1810.1.2.2 Reinforcement in Seismic Design Cate-
1809.3.4 Dimensions of steel pipe piles. Steel pipe piles gory D, E or F. Where a structure is assigned to Seismic
driven open ended shall have a nominal outside diameter of Design Category D, E or F in accordance with Section
not less than 8 inches (203 mm). The pipe shall have a mini- 1613, the requirements for Seismic Design Category C
mum cross section of 0.34 square inch (219 mm2) to resist given above shall be met, in addition to the following. A
each 1,000 foot-pounds (1356 N-m) of pile hammer energy, minimum longitudinal reinforcement ratio of 0.005 shall
or shall have the equivalent strength for steels having a yield be provided for uncased cast-in-place drilled or augered
strength greater than 35,000 psi (241 Mpa) or the wave concrete piles, piers or caissons in the top one-half of the
equation analysis shall be permitted to be used to assess pile length a minimum length of 10 feet (3048 mm)
compression stresses induced by driving to evaluate if the below ground or throughout the flexural length of the
pile section is appropriate for the selected hammer. Where pile, whichever length is greatest. The flexural length
pipe wall thickness less than 0.179 inch (4.6 mm) is driven shall be taken as the length of the pile to a point where the
open ended, a suitable cutting shoe shall be provided. concrete section cracking moment strength multiplied by
0.4 exceeds the required moment strength at that point.
There shall be a minimum of four longitudinal bars with
SECTION 1810 transverse confinement reinforcement provided in the
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PILE FOUNDATIONS pile in accordance with Sections 21.4.4.1, 21.4.4.2 and
21.4.4.3 of ACI 318 within three times the least pile
1810.1 General. The materials, reinforcement and installation dimension of the bottom of the pile cap. A transverse spi-
of cast-in-place concrete piles shall conform to Sections ral reinforcement ratio of not less than one-half of that
1810.1.1 through 1810.1.3. required in Section 21.4.4.1( a) of ACI 318 for other than
1810.1.1 Materials. Concrete shall have a 28-day specified Class E, F or liquefiable sites is permitted. Tie spacing
compressive strength (f c) of not less than 2,500 psi (17.24 throughout the remainder of the concrete section shall
MPa). Where concrete is placed through a funnel hopper at neither exceed 12-longitudinal-bar diameters, one-half
the top of the pile, the concrete mix shall be designed and the least dimension of the section, nor 12 inches (305
proportioned so as to produce a cohesive workable mix hav- mm). Ties shall be a minimum of No. 3 bars for piles with
ing a slump of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) and not more a least dimension up to 20 inches (508 mm), and No. 4
than 6 inches (152 mm). Where concrete is to be pumped, bars for larger piles.
the mix design including slump shall be adjusted to produce 1810.1.3 Concrete placement. Concrete shall be placed in
a pumpable concrete. such a manner as to ensure the exclusion of any foreign mat-
1810.1.2 Reinforcement. Except for steel dowels embed- ter and to secure a full-sized shaft. Concrete shall not be
ded 5 feet (1524 mm) or less in the pile and as provided in placed through water except where a tremie or other
Section 1810.3.4, reinforcement where required shall be approved method is used. When depositing concrete from the
assembled and tied together and shall be placed in the pile as top of the pile, the concrete shall not be chuted directly into

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the footing. For footings that exceed 8 in. (203 mm) in thickness, a Where a minimum length for reinforcement or the extent of
minimum of one bar shall be provided at the top and bottom of the closely spaced confinement reinforcement is specified at the top
footing. Continuity of reinforcement shall be provided at corners of the pile, provisions shall be made so that those specified lengths
and intersections. or extents are maintained after pile cutoff.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In detached one- and two-family dwellings three stories or less in 14.2.3.1.2 Reinforcement for Uncased Concrete Piles
height and constructed with stud bearing walls, plain concrete foot- (SDC C). Reinforcement shall be provided where required by
ings supporting walls and without longitudinal reinforcement are analysis. For uncased cast-in-place drilled or augered concrete
permitted. piles, a minimum of four longitudinal bars, with a minimum lon-
2. For foundation systems consisting of a plain concrete footing and a gitudinal reinforcement ratio of 0.0025, and transverse reinforce-
plain concrete stemwall, a minimum of one bar shall be provided at ment, as defined below, shall be provided throughout the minimum
the top of the stemwall and at the bottom of the footing.
reinforced length of the pile as defined below starting at the top
3. Where a slab-on-ground is cast monolithically with the footing, one
No. 5 bar is permitted to be located at either the top or bottom of
of the pile. The longitudinal reinforcement shall extend beyond
the footing. the minimum reinforced length of the pile by the tension develop-
ment length. Transverse reinforcement shall consist of closed ties
14.2.2.17 General Requirements for Anchoring to Concrete. (or equivalent spirals) with a minimum 3/8 in. (9 mm) diameter.
Modify Section D.3.3 by deleting Sections D.3.2 through Spacing of transverse reinforcing shall not exceed 6 in. (150 mm)
D.3.3.5.2 and replace with the following: or 8 longitudinal-bar diameters within a distance of three times
the pile diameter from the bottom of the pile cap. Spacing of trans-
verse reinforcing shall not exceed 16 longitudinal-bar diameters
D.3.3.2 In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E, or F, throughout the remainder of the minimum reinforced length.
post-installed structural anchors for use under Section D.2.3 shall have
passed the Simulated Seismic Tests of ACI 355.2. The minimum reinforced length of the pile shall be taken as
D.3.3.3 In structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories C, D, E, or the greater of
F, the design strength of anchors shall be taken as 0.75φ Nn and 0.75φVn , 1. One third of the pile length.
where φ is given in Sections D.4.4 or in D.4.5, and Nn and Vn are deter-
mined in accordance with Section D.4.1. 2. A distance of 10 ft (3 m).
D.3.3.4 In structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories C, D, E, or 3. Three times the pile diameter.
F, anchors shall be designed to be governed by tensile or shear strength
of a ductile steel element, unless Section D.3.3.5 is satisfied. 4. The flexural length of the pile, which shall be taken as the
length from the bottom of the pile cap to a point where
D.3.3.5 Instead of Section D.3.3.4, the attachment that the anchor is the concrete section cracking moment multiplied by a re-
connecting to the structure shall be designed so that the attachment un- sistance factor 0.4 exceeds the required factored moment at
dergoes ductile yielding at a load level corresponding to anchor forces no
greater than the design strength of anchors specified in Section D.3.3.3,
that point.
or the minimum design strength of the anchors shall be at least 2.5 times
the factored forces transmitted by the attachment. 14.2.3.1.3 Reinforcement for Metal-Cased Concrete Piles
(SDC C). Reinforcement requirements are the same as for un-
14.2.2.18 Strength Requirements for Anchors. Modify Sec- cased concrete piles.
tion D.4 by adding a new exception at the end of Section D.4.2.2 EXCEPTION: Spiral welded metal casing of a thickness not less than
to read as follows: No. 14 gauge can be considered as providing concrete confinement equiv-
alent to the closed ties or equivalent spirals required in an uncased concrete
EXCEPTION: If Nb is determined using Eq. D-7, the concrete breakout
pile, provided that the metal casing is adequately protected against pos-
strength of Section D.4.2 shall be considered satisfied by the design pro-
sible deleterious action due to soil constituents, changing water levels, or
cedure of Sections D.5.2 and D.6.2 without the need for testing regardless
other factors indicated by boring records of site conditions.
of anchor bolt diameter and tensile embedment.

14.2.3 Additional Detailing Requirements for Concrete Piles. 14.2.3.1.4 Reinforcement for Concrete-Filled Pipe Piles
In addition to the foundation requirements set forth in Sections (SDC C). Minimum reinforcement 0.01 times the cross-sectional
12.1.5 and 12.13 and in Section 21.10 of ACI 318, design, de- area of the pile concrete shall be provided in the top of the pile
tailing, and construction of concrete piles shall conform to the with a length equal to two times the required cap embedment
requirements of this section. anchorage into the pile cap.
14.2.3.1 Concrete Pile Requirements for Seismic Design
Category C. Concrete piles in structures assigned to Seismic 14.2.3.1.5 Reinforcement for Precast Nonprestressed Con-
Design Category C shall comply with the requirements of this crete Piles (SDC C). A minimum longitudinal steel reinforce-
section. ment ratio of 0.01 shall be provided for precast nonprestressed
concrete piles. The longitudinal reinforcing shall be confined with
14.2.3.1.1 Anchorage of Piles. All concrete piles and closed ties or equivalent spirals of a minimum 3/8 in. (10 mm) di-
concrete-filled pipe piles shall be connected to the pile cap by ameter. Transverse confinement reinforcing shall be provided at a
embedding the pile reinforcement in the pile cap for a distance maximum spacing of eight times the diameter of the smallest lon-
equal to the development length as specified in ACI 318 as modi- gitudinal bar, but not to exceed 6 in. (152 mm), within three pile
fied by Section 14.2.2 of this standard or by the use of field-placed diameters of the bottom of the pile cap. Outside of the confine-
dowels anchored in the concrete pile. For deformed bars, the de- ment region, closed ties or equivalent spirals shall be provided at
velopment length is the full development length for compression a 16 longitudinal-bar-diameter maximum spacing, but not greater
or tension, in the case of uplift, without reduction in length for than 8 in. (200 mm). Reinforcement shall be full length.
excess area.
Hoops, spirals, and ties shall be terminated with seismic hooks 14.2.3.1.6 Reinforcement for Precast Prestressed Piles
as defined in Section 21.1 of ACI 318. (SDC C). For the upper 20 ft (6 m) of precast prestressed piles,

156 ASCE 7-05