Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 53 views

    MTPDF6 Integrable Combination and Orthogonal Trajectory-1

    Uploaded by

    Jose Miguel Jimenez
    1. The document discusses integrable combinations, which allow differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 to be solved by forming an exact differential u(x,y)dx + v(x,y)dy. 2. It also covers finding orthogonal trajectories, which are curves that intersect the curves of a given one-parameter family of curves at right angles. 3. Examples are provided of finding integrable combinations, evaluating integrals, solving differential equations, and obtaining orthogonal trajectories for common families of curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MTPDF6 Integrable Combination and Orthogonal Trajectory-1

    Uploaded by

    Jose Miguel Jimenez
    53 views19 pages
    1. The document discusses integrable combinations, which allow differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 to be solved by forming an exact differential u(x,y)dx + v(x,y)dy. 2. It also covers finding orthogonal trajectories, which are curves that intersect the curves of a given one-parameter family of curves at right angles. 3. Examples are provided of finding integrable combinations, evaluating integrals, solving differential equations, and obtaining orthogonal trajectories for common families of curves.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The document discusses integrable combinations, which allow differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 to be solved by forming an exact differential u(x,y)dx + v(x,y)dy. 2. It also covers finding orthogonal trajectories, which are curves that intersect the curves of a given one-parameter family of curves at right angles. 3. Examples are provided of finding integrable combinations, evaluating integrals, solving differential equations, and obtaining orthogonal trajectories for common families of curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views19 pages

    MTPDF6 Integrable Combination and Orthogonal Trajectory-1

    Uploaded by

    Jose Miguel Jimenez
    1. The document discusses integrable combinations, which allow differential equations of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 to be solved by forming an exact differential u(x,y)dx + v(x,y)dy. 2. It also covers finding orthogonal trajectories, which are curves that intersect the curves of a given one-parameter family of curves at right angles. 3. Examples are provided of finding integrable combinations, evaluating integrals, solving differential equations, and obtaining orthogonal trajectories for common families of curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Differential Equations

    Integrable Combination
    and Orthogonal Trajectory
    MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
    Differential Equations

    Integrable
    Combinations
    MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
    Objectives

    • Be able to identify the right integrable combination to be used to solve the differential
    equation
    In some instances a DE 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 when
    expressed in expanded form may be solved by grouping in
    order to form integrable combinations. Integrable combinations
    are exact differentials.
    𝑢 + 𝑣𝑦 ′ ⇔ 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
    which can be expressed as 𝑑 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 for some function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).
    Once this becomes possible, we can apply a term-by-term
    integration on both sides of the differential equation.
    Some Common Integrable Combinations
    𝑑 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦
    𝑑 =
    𝑦 𝑦2
    𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    𝑑 =
    𝑥 𝑥2
    −1
    𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦
    𝑑 tan =
    𝑦 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
    2 2
    2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
    𝑑[ln(𝑥 + 𝑦 )] =
    𝑥2 + 𝑦2
    Find an Integrable Combination for each differentials

    1. 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦)
    2. 𝑑 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
    𝑥𝑛
    3. 𝑑
    𝑦𝑛
    Evaluate each of the following integrals, omitting the constant of
    integration: ‫)𝑦𝑥(׬‬−3 (𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥)
    We’ve seen that 𝑑 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥. This means we can rewrite
    the integral as

    ‫)𝑦𝑥(׬‬−3 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ‫)𝑦𝑥(׬‬−3 𝑑(𝑥𝑦) letting 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦,


    =‫𝑢 ׬‬−3 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑢−2 /2
    −1
    =
    2𝑥 2 𝑦 2
    Evaluate each of the following integrals, omitting the
    constant of integration:

    𝑥𝑑𝑥−𝑦𝑑𝑦
    1. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 −𝑦2

    6 2 3 2
    2. ‫׬‬ 𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥)
    Solve the following Differential Equation:
    3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
    The given is equivalent to

    3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
    which can be rearranged as
    3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 0
    ⇔ 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 0
    ⇔ 3 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 0
    taking integrals term by term,
    න 3(𝑥𝑦)2 𝑑 𝑥𝑦 − න 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶1

    4 3
    𝑥 𝑦
    (𝑥𝑦)3 − + + 𝑥 = 𝐶1
    4 3
    12𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑦 3 + 12𝑥 = 𝐶
    Obtain general solutions for each of the following

    1. (𝑦 3 +𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

    2. 2𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
    Differential Equations

    Orthogonal
    Trajectory
    MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
    Objectives

    • Be able to apply the method of solving Differential Equation


    • Be able to relate this topic to family of curves module
    Consider a one-parameter family of curves in the 𝑥𝑦 − plane
    defined by
    F (𝑥, y, c) = 0

    The problem is to find another one-parameter family of curves,


    called the orthogonal trajectories of the family and given
    analytically by
    G (𝑥, y, c) = 0

    such that every curve in this new family intersects at right


    angles every curve in the original family.
    Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves
    𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑐2
    Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves
    𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑥
    Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves
    𝑦 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑥
    William E. Boyce, Richard C. Di Prima, Elementary Differential
    Equations. Wiley 2012

    The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Shaum’s Easy Outline:


    Differential Equations, 2003

    Romel Marquez, Basic Concepts and Definition, Lecture Notes in


    DE
    You may ask questions related to our
    topic for today.

    You might also like