EST200: DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

PART A

Q. No Question

1. Discuss the main roles of design process and their importance

2. Describe how to finalize the design objectives.

PART B
(Answer any two)
3. Find the customer requirements for designing a new car showroom.
Show how the design objectives were finalized considering the
design constraints?
4. Illustrate the design thinking approach for designing a bag for
college students within a limited budget. Describe each stage of the
process and the iterative procedure involved. Use hand sketches to
support your arguments.
5. Graphically communicate the design of a thermo flask used to keep
hot coffee. Draw the detailed 2D drawings of the same with design
detailing, material selection, scale drawings, dimensions, tolerances,
etc. Use only hand sketches.

- B – SCHEME
PART - A
1. Discuss the main roles of design process and their importance
Ans
Stages in The Design Process -
Analyse the situation
Before beginning the design, sort out what problem you are trying to address.
Write a brief problem statement
Write a short statement giving the general outline of the problem to be solved.
Research the problem through brain storming
Sometimes a problem can be solved "straight out of your head," but in most cases you
will need to gain some new information and knowledge.
Write a specification – Problem Description
This detailed description of the problem spells out what the design must achieve and what
limitations will affect the final solution.
Work out possible solutions
Combine your ideas with information obtained from your research to suggest several
possible design solutions. Sketch several possibilities on paper.
Select a preferred solution
Decide which solution to develop. Although the chosen solution should, ideally, be the
one that best satisfies the specifications, other constraints such as time, cost, or skills may limit
the decision.
Prepare working drawings and plan ahead
Draw the chosen design including all the details that are important to its construction.
Construct a prototype
Make the product. In industry a model is usually built first and the final product is
developed from it, but in most classrooms, the model is the final product.
Test and evaluate the design
Testing is ongoing as the construction progresses, but a final test of the entire system or
model proves if the project does the job for which it is designed. Look back at the specifications
and check the requirements carefully. Ask such questions as: How well does the design function?
Does the design look good? Is the product safe to use? Were suitable materials used? How could I
have improved on my design?
Write a report
 The report provides evidence of your work in analysis, planning, designing, carrying out
the practical work, evaluating, and communicating.

2. Describe how to finalize the design

objectives. Ans
Objective is one of the main aspects of a design process.
• A feature or behavior that we wish the design to have or exhibit
• It defining the requirements of a design
• Some generic objectives are
 • To identify the need of the user
• To research about the possibilities of the problem solving
• To formulate a working principle
• To reduce the cost
• To reduce the complexity
• To make eco-friendly material
Objective tree example

PART B
3. Find the customer requirements for designing a new car showroom. Show how the design
objectives were finalized considering the design constraints?
Ans : To design a car showroom, we must follow the below steps in design process
1. Problem statement
2. Objective of the design
3. Constrains
4. Sketches
5. Advantages
6. Limitations
REFER THE UPLOADED VIDEO IS GOOGLE CLASS FOR DETAILS
4. Illustrate the design thinking approach for designing a bag for college students within a
limited budget. Describe each stage of the process and the iterative procedure involved. Use
hand sketches to support your arguments.
5. Graphically communicate the design of a thermo flask used to keep hot coffee. Draw the
detailed 2D drawings of the same with design detailing, material selection, scale drawings,
dimensions, tolerances, etc. Use only hand sketches.
Ans
The design features in a Thermos Flask
An excellent example of how practical design can be used to reduce heat transfer is found in
the Thermos Flask. Thermos flasks are able to keep a liquid hot (or cold) for long periods of
time.
The plastic stopper is a poor conductor, and so this will reduce the amount of heat transfer
via conduction. It also stops any gas from rising out of the flask and so it reduces heat
transfer by convection. (It's also rather useful to stop the liquid from spilling out )

Secondly, there is a double-walled glass or plastic container. Both these materials are poor
conductors of heat energy. The real reason for this double-walled container is to hold a
vacuum between the walls. A vacuum contains no gas or any material at all, and so we
eliminate heat transfer via conduction and convection across this barrier because both these
methods of heat transfer require a material to move through. However, radiation can still
cross this gap...

Finally, the silvered surfaces reduce heat transfer by radiation because a shiny/light surface
is a poor emitter of radiation (and also reflects the heat back into the hot liquid).

Thermos Flask to keep your coffee warm!

First thing first: it is not that a hot liquid kept in a thermos remains hot for an indefinite time.
It does loose heat, but takes a much longer time than any other regular container. The basic
science behind it is heat transfer that happens in 3 ways:

Conduction: Conduction happens when 2 objects with different temperatures come in

contact with each other. The heat transfers from the hotter object to the cooler object. It is
exactly how it happens when you touch a hot vessel: your hand is colder than the hot vessel
and thus you feel the heat because heat is transferred from vessel to your hand.
Convection: Convection happens when heat transfer takes place due to movement of fluids
(liquid or gas). Imagine sitting near a fire and the breeze blowing makes you feel hot. The
breeze brings the heat from the fire to you.
Radiation: Radiation happens through electromagnetic waves. It can even move through
vacuum (or without the presence of any matter). Radiation from sun is a perfect example. All
objects radiate heat and lots of sensors (e.g. occupancy sensors) detect presence of objects by
sensing the radiations.

A thermos is designed in such a way that it reduces heat transfer through all the above-
mentioned 3 modes.

A thermos has double glass walls with vacuum between them. The vacuum between the two
walls prevents heat transfer through conduction or convection from the inside to the outside
and reverse.

Thermos also has a silver lining in the inner wall that prevents heat transfer through radiation
as blocks any inner heat to go out through radiation.