The Relationship between First Quarter Grade and Time Schedule

Of Grade 12 S.T.E.M. students of T.I.P. - Q.C. in the

Subject of Gen. Biology 001 Held by
Ms. Angelu Estrera

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School - Science, Technology, Engineering,
& Mathematics (STEM) Technological Institute
of the Philippines – Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2

Bihasa, Vincent Rafael

Cabalquinto, John Gio Ferdz
Castro, Lorenz David
Delos Santos, Nathaniel
Desipeda, Patrick James
Estrella, John Alfred
Garcia, Bernard Francis
Granada, Satomi Grace
Quintao, Lovenrosev

1st Semester S.Y. 2020 – 2021

1
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRST QUARTER GRADE AND TIME SCHEDULE OF GRADE 12 S.T.E.M.
STUDENTS OF T.I.P. – Q.C. IN THE SUBJECT OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 001 HELD BY MS. ANGELU ESTRERA
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TABLE OF CONTENT

I. The problem and its Background

1.1 Background of the Study………………………….………………..……...3
1.2 Research Objective……..……………….…..……………………………..4
1.3 Statement of the Problem………………….………………...…….………4
1.4 Scope and Limitations…………………….………………………………..5
1.5 Significance of the Study………….……………………..……..………….6
II. Conceptual Framework
2.1 Related Literature….……………….………………………………..……..7
2.2 Conceptual Framework.….…..…………………………………………..10
2.3Hypothesis……………..……….………………………….……………….11
2.4 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………..11
III. Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design………………...………………………………………..12
3.2 Research Subject………………………………………………………….12
3.3 Research Locale…...………………...……………………………………13
3.4 Research Instrumentation …………....………………………………….14
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………………15
3.6 Statistical Treatment………………………………………………….…..15
3.7 Bibliography…………………………………………………………….….17
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STUDENTS OF T.I.P. – Q.C. IN THE SUBJECT OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 001 HELD BY MS. ANGELU ESTRERA
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CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

The implementation of virtual learning is of the considered ways for students

to learn in higher education without getting infected with the virus along with the
other staff of campuses. This implementation allows students to have an excellent
quality of learning while distance and any other learning difficulties matter is the
edge of virtual learning. In addition, one of the advantages of this is that it makes
it easy for anyone to access everything they need with a stable internet connection
at the expense of changing from face-to-face learning into virtual learning.
Although virtual learning and face to face learning are different in nature, the test
on gender, age, learning preferences and styles, media familiarity, the
effectiveness of tasks, course effectiveness, test grades, and final grades, shows
that the two methods of teaching have almost no difference in test scores,
assignments, participation grades, and final grades, although the virtual group's
averages were slightly higher.

In addition, as stated by Neuhauser (2010), online student found that their

course was 96% more effective in the virtual class than the typical face to face
course. There were no significant differences between learning preferences and
styles and grades in either group. The study showed that equivalent learning
activities can be equally effective for online and face-to-face learners. Additionally,
students can complete their activities in their own time according to their own
schedules. However, we can not always say that virtual learning is a really good
and effective way to impart knowledge to students associated with their time
schedules as the different times of the day can affect a student's academic
performance.

Furthermore, it is believed that different people function more efficiently at

different times of the day. In an academic setting, this can affect whether students
are performing at their best during instructional and testing times (Mulenga &
Mukaka, 2016). Time-of-day, when academic subjects are taught, could affect
student achievement. Arrona-Palacios, Gacia, & Valdez (2015), and Carissimi et
al. (2016) claimed that young people with afternoon school schedules sleep late
and spend more time in bed than youths with morning school schedules. Moreover,
the morning types showed better condition compared to other chronicles, while the
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STUDENTS OF T.I.P. – Q.C. IN THE SUBJECT OF GENERAL BIOLOGY 001 HELD BY MS. ANGELU ESTRERA
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evening types showed the lowest condition. As a result, students cannot focus too
much on lessons when it comes to live conferences and other lessons are not
always well understood.

Lastly, high school is one of the most critical times for students, and a key
component to a student’s college and career readiness is the high school’s
scheduling practice. The schedule is an essential component of school success;
the schedule design ensures that courses are in a format that supports and
promotes learning (Childers, E., 2018), as there is a relationship between class
schedules and students’ academic achievement (Baker, et al., 2009; Sisson &
Sisson, 2015).

Research Objective

In this study, three (3) objectives are expected to achieve by the study in general
terms:

• To assess the knowledge regarding the performance of morning and

afternoon shift students in General Biology handled by Ms. Angelu Estrera.

• To evaluate the students on their performance in General Biology handled

by Ms. Angelu Estrera.

• To associate the knowledge with selected demographic variables.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the difference of effectiveness in virtual

learning among morning shift and afternoon shift of grade 12 STEM students of
Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City in the subject of General
Biology by Ms. Estrera. Specifically, the researchers will seek for answers in the
questions of:

1. Between these variables (morning shift and afternoon shift), which is more
effective for virtual learning in the subject General Biology?

2. How does morning and afternoon shifts affect the effectiveness in learning
General Biology in an online class?
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3. How is the academic performance of the morning and afternoon grade 12

STEM students of T.I.P.Q.C. in learning general Biology in online class?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The general intent of this study is to know the relationship between the
performance of morning and afternoon shift on virtual learning of Grade 12
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S.T.E.M.) Students in the
subject of General Biology by Ms. Estrera. The study will mainly be focused on the
variables of virtual learning among the Grade 12 STEM Students based on the
grading system of the said subject. The researchers would gather data by
conducting a series of questions with the use of questionnaires for those who have
Biology Subject in their curriculum which is handled by Ms. Estrera both morning
and afternoon shift.

The study will only cover the relationship between the performance in virtual
learning among the morning shift and afternoon shift of Grade 12 STEM Students
on the said subject. The study will not include the other subjects. The grades that
are to be measured are from the 1st semester of school year 2020-2021. Also, this
is not intended for the whole Senior Highschool Department of T.I.P.-Q.C but a
research for only Grade 12 S.T.E.M. Students of T.I.P.-Q.C.

This study conducted with a limited amount of financial resources and time
framework and limits its coverage on the specified respondents, subject, teacher
only.
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Significance of the Study

Virtual learning is one of the visible ways for students' education to continue
without being infected with the virus. But on the other hand, we cannot say whether
it is effective for students when it comes to their time schedules. This study is
relevant especially in this situation because many students are having difficulty in
maintaining their priorities in the sudden implementation of this educational
platform. The results of this study will be a great benefit to the following:

Students

The data results of this study will provide information on which time
arrangement is effective for the students. Also, this study will evaluate the
performance and will be an aid to improve the academic performance of the
students.

Teachers

The research will help to develop the teaching and evaluating the teachers.
Also, this research will help to improve and enhance the skill, knowledge,
approach, and attitude of the teacher towards the students in the time frame given.

School (Institute)

This research will improve the effectiveness of the time arrangement to am

and pm shift of the Technological Institute of the Philippines- (SHS).

Future Researchers

This research will help future researchers to be a better analyst. Also, this
study may use as a strong reference for future studies and evaluate the
effectiveness of the system used by the school.
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CHAPTER II

Conceptual Framework

This chapter demonstrates and discusses the literature and studies

relevant to the proposed study in order to provide foundation for better
comprehension of the study. This chapter also provides the conceptual framework
and hypothesis of the study.

Virtual Learning

Online classes are one of the visible ways to continue education without
being infected by Covid-19. Many people are new to this implementation, and there
are a lot of mixed reactions to it. As stated by Singh & Thurman (2019), Virtual
learning is the use of different devices with access to the internet in synchronous
and asynchronous learning. In these environments, students can independently
learn and associate with their teachers and other students. An addition by Basilaia
et al. (2020), amid pandemic, online learning requires a stable internet connection,
the lectures are accessible on any devices, and about 40 to 50 students attend live
conferences. It should also achieve the student's feedback instantly, and their
tasks can take any time according to their schedules.

Ritimoni (2018) added that virtual learning gives more essential advantages
that people can benefit from. Moreover, Agustina & Cahyono (2017) added that
the primary point of online learning is that it is a modern tool for handling issues
during the learning process. Also, Kebritchi et al. (2017) said that there are
arguments related to virtual learning: accessibility, affordability, flexibility, and
policy. Studies found that online educational systems are convenient, less costly,
and easy to access by both students and teachers. However, these factors also
contrasted online learning and traditional face-to-face learning. The success rate
of students who study in a face-to-face classroom setup is different from that of an
online class.

On the other hand, Agustina & Cahyono (2017) and Dja'far et al. (2016)
stated that the other participants of an online class, such as teachers, parents have
mixed opinions about online learning. Teachers should know what is the best way
to present their strategies to become effective in teaching.
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According to Di Pietro (2017), many students and teachers experience

psychological problems during crises that lead to a lack of focus and
concentration—there is stress, fear, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Besides,
there are a few devices that create difficulties. These difficulties and problems are
downloading errors, installation, login problems, audio, and video problems.
Students sometimes find online learning to be less entertaining and lose their
interest.

Lastly, in the perception of teachers and students in virtual classes, there is

a need for the study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of virtual
learning became mandatory for the education system.

Time Management

Time budgeting skills are one of the hardest parts of students to succeed.
As stated by Beattie, students will have poor academic performance if they have
difficulty budgeting their time. However, students need to be smart in managing
their time to do their tasks well and reduce their stress and mental exhaustion.

Moreover, Broadbent and Poon (2015) said that time management would
become more critical in virtual learning. This situation will encourage students to
become productive to know when to do their work required in the self-management
skills needed for making plans. Fewer opportunities for over-responsibility
negatively affect student motivation in the plan to their study created by the lack of
face-to-face connection and sharing of social presence with educators and
classmates (Bowers and Kumar 2015).

Furthermore, Nawrot and Doucet (2014) added that many institutions hope
that their e-learning promotes positive outcomes. And are looking for low cost,
measurable interventions aimed at improving time management in the relationship
of it with academic student performance. Many studies have suggested time
management skills are critical to success in online courses.

Lastly, Baker et al. (2016) and Kizilcec et al. (2016) stated that although
many studies have previously explored this kind of issue, there is still inadequate
evidence to clarify the relationship between online learning and the student's
academic performance.
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Synthesis

Virtual learning has become the norm in the year 2020 as the majority of
the educational institutions adapt to it due to the pandemic. As stated by Singh &
Thurman (2019), virtual learning is defined as the use of different devices with
access to the internet in synchronous or asynchronous learning environments.
This study focuses on the comparison in the academic performances of the
students from morning and afternoon shift. As various students are exposed to this
environment where they are focused on their gadgets and other devices while
learning, it can affect their performances. One factor of this is the time
management. It is deemed to be important in academe and the most challenging
part as students must know how to manage their school requirements such as
performance tasks and so on, at the same time their daily activities. As stated by
Beattie et al. (2017), Poor academic performance is caused by the poor time
management and less study time of the students. However, students need to be
smart in budgeting their time in order to do their tasks well and also to reduce their
stress and mental exhaustion. This study will present the data gathered in how the
students performed in their requirements when they are exposed to a new
environment.
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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Educational Implications of Piaget's Theory

One of the well-known theories and practices related to education. It had a

major impact in helping to create a new point of view on the idea of
developmentally appropriate education. Piaget (2005) states that this refers to an
education with environments, curriculum, materials and instruction that are
consistent with a student's physical and cognitive abilities as well as their social
and emotional needs. The Educational Implications theory can be useful in
conducting this study which helps the researchers in finding the different factors
on the effectiveness in virtual learning of grade 12 STEM students in the morning
shift and afternoon shift in the subject General Biology. This can also explain the
individual point of view of each student in why a certain outcome is present.
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Hypothesis

In this study, a hypothesis will be examined to determine if it should be

accepted or rejected.

There is no significant relationship between first quarter grade and time

schedule of grade 12 S.T.E.M. students of T.I.P.- Q.C. in the Subject of General
Biology 001 held by Ms. Angelu Estrera.

Null Hypothesis

Research Question 3: How is the academic performance of the morning

and afternoon grade 12 STEM students of T.I.P.Q.C. in learning general Biology
in online class?

Hypothesis: The researchers believed that although students in morning

classes need to wake up early to attend classes, the continual time they had
afterward would positively affect their social and emotional needs, effectively
raising their self-esteem and motivation to learn which would then result to better
academic performance compared to the students of the afternoon classes.

Definition of Terms

The following words are the terms that will be used by the researchers. In
line with this, the following words are given based on the operational definitions;

• Time management. planning or controlling time spent on a specific task.

• Motivation. reasons for the person to do their goals.

• Academic Performance. extent to which the person attained their term

for education goals.

• Learning Difficulties. conditions that impact on an individual's ability to

gain knowledge and skills at the same rate as his or her peers.
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CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter explains the methods that will be used by the researcher to
complete the data needed in this research. This chapter also mentions every
component involved in conducting this research from research design, research
subject, research setting and research instruments, the procedure in gathering the
data and lastly the statistical treatment applied in interpreting the data.

Research Design

Correlation research will be used in the study to determine the extent of a

relationship between two or more variables using statistical data in a study. For
this topic, researchers shall use correlation research to know the relationship of
the graded academic performance to the time of the day the student engages in
virtual learning in the subject General Biology of the respondents under the study.
It mainly uses questionnaire and existing information to create the theory based
on all the data gathered. Researchers execute theories to get a more in-depth
reason to the questions regarding the research.
The study will get information needed through the responses of 120
respondents, 40 shall come from the morning shift and 80 shall come from the
afternoon shift. Researchers will be comparing all the data of the student base on
their answers, when comparing of answers is done in the analysis it will be easier
to understand all the answers gathered by the student, and continuing it by a
research proposal.

Research Subject

The respondents of this study are the selected Grade 12 Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S.T.E.M.) students who are studying
general biology 001 held by Ms. Angelu Estrera in morning and afternoon shifts at
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Quezon City. The subject of the study
includes forty (40) students who are attending the said subject and teacher in the
morning shift and another eighty (80) students who are attending the said subject
and same teacher in the afternoon shift in the total of one hundred twenty (120)
respondents. Those who are not held by Ms. Estrera will not be included in the
study.
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The researchers will be using Stratified Sampling, where the respondents

will divide into morning and afternoon shifts. Then the researchers will take a
proportional number of respondents to represent their population. The researchers
will also use an opportunity method, which is used to select respondents who are
available and willing to take part in the research study. The respondents of this
study will be given the online survey questionnaire for the accomplishment of the
research.

Research Locale

The researchers decided upon conducting research in the Technological

Institute of the Philippines – Quezon City (T.I.P. - Q.C.). The area is located at
Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City.

The Technological Institute of the Philippines was founded on the 8th day of
February 1962 by a group of educators headed by Engineer Demetrio A. Quirino
Jr. and Dr. Teresita U. Quirino. As of today, with 2 campuses and over 8 academic
programs such as College of Engineering and Architecture, College of Information
Technology Education, Marine Engineering, Education, College of Arts, Graduate
Programs and Bachelor of Science in Math.

The Institution’s vision is that in the year 2020, TIP envision itself to be:

1. To be a leading professional technological institute through

1a) outcomes-based education, and
2b) a culture of innovation and continuous improvement, and
2. An institution whose graduates contribute to the welfare of society.
Its mission is that the Technological Institute of the Philippines is committed
to continue to empower the Filipino youth through technological education of the
highest standard, employing outcomes-based education and state-of-the-art
laboratories and to transform students into graduates with full competence in their
field of the study and who also possess:

● The Filipino values of honesty and integrity, service to others, the importance of
family, frugality, resilience in the face of adversity, and the willingness to surmount
difficulties in order to succeed and excel.
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● The industry-desired values of positive work attitude, good communication skills,

proficiency in computers and in the software that pertain to their fields of study,
initiative, and the openness to keep on learning to reinvent themselves.

● The global-citizen values of respect for cultural diversity, care for the environment
and the desire to contribute to the general welfare of society.

The researchers specified the setting of the research based on the target
respondents, which are the Grade 12 S.T.E.M. students who are studying Gen.
Biology 001 held by Ms. Angelu Estrera in both morning and afternoon shifts at the
Technological Institute of the Philippines-Q.C.

Research Instrument

The researchers will be conducting an online survey for the collection of

data; it is for them to evaluate and determine the students' access in online
meetings and also, the students' engagement in virtual learning among morning
shift and afternoon shift of grade 12 STEM students of Technological Institute of
the Philippines Quezon City in the subject of General Biology of Ms. Estrera. By
the use of an online survey, to gather and provide much information, a survey form
set by the researchers will be assigned to the respondents. The said online survey
will serve as the main data-gathering instrument for this study. The instrument will
be based on the researcher-made survey to gather the needed data for this study.
The survey will be made based on the researcher’s readings, previous studies,
foreign and local literature that was relevant to the study. A set of questions will be
ready for the respondents. The survey will be divided into two sections: the profile
and the survey. The profile contains individual-demographic characteristics such
as from am or pm classes, section, and sex.
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Data Gathering Procedure

In order to understand and find out more data that will support the study,
researchers organized and prepare for conducting an online survey
questionnaire, Google form, for gathering data from the said respondents. The
researchers collect the data by the following methods:

1. The researchers identified the main issue exist within the population.
2. Researchers searched for articles and journals that are relevant to
researchers’ topics that may contribute to the research study
3. The researchers asked permission to Ms. Angelu Estrera to include her
in the study.
4. Researcher also spots an opportunity for collecting data from Ms.
Angelu Estrera to her students.
5. The researchers set a goal of at least 120 respondents from both
morning and afternoon shift students held by Ms. Angelu Estrera in the
subject of Gen. Biology 001.
6. The researchers will attach brief information to the respondents in the
said survey about the study before they answer.
7. The online survey questionnaire will post the link using social media
platforms to a hundred and twenty (120) respondents to be able to
answer.
8. The respondents will use TIP email to validate the collected data.
9 Researchers collect the surveys from the respondents and interpret the
result.
10. The corresponding result was examined & summarized by the
researchers.

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered were arranged using quantitative method and

expressed by T-test for uncorrelated samples. Afterwards, the researchers
arranged the questionnaire and the resulting answers of the respondents. The
statistical treatment that the researchers chose is the Pearson’s Correlation
Coefficient to test the correlation and significance of the relationship between the
numerical academic performance and the time of the class shift on virtual learning
in the subject General Biology under Ms. Angelu Estrera. The formula to be used
is :
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The standard table for interpretation of the correlation is stated below :

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