Week-1

PracticeQuiz

1.Calculate the value of lne

Ans:0.5

2.Question 2
Integrate ∫xsinxdx

Ans:−xcosx+sinx+C
3. Given f(x) = 3+4x -x^2f(x)=3+4x−x2 and g(x)= 4x-2g(x)=4x−2, find the g-f
Ans:x2−5

Question 4
Find the general solution for the differential equation dy+9x dx=0

Ans:Y=-9/2x^2+C

Question 5
Which of the below is correct?

Ans:A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also
satisfies the boundary conditions.

6
Find the mean, median, mode and range of the number set {18, 27, 38, 45, 72, 72, 87, 91, 101}.
Choose correct answer. (approximation in full numbers)

mean - 61;

median - 72;

mode - 72;

range - 83.
Week-2

Wind profiles and wind resources

1.Estimate the roughness that is relevant for the wind profile at the mast location.
Ans:is the roughness length between 0.01and 0.1m

2. Which statement describes the friction velocity (u∗)?

Ans: The friction velocity (u∗) is smaller during the night than during the day

3. Using the wind speed measurements at 60 m60mwhich option describes the behavior of ψ ?

Ans:It is negative during the night and positive during the day.

4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Ans:The estimated roughness, when derived from the wind profiles, varies a lot during the
diurnal cycle and therefore it is not permissible to neglect the stability correction.

5. Which option is true for the wind directions at 10 m10m and 100 m100m?

Ans:The difference in wind direction is larger during the night than during the day.

6. Assuming that the energy production is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, which
option describes the energy production of a 10 m10mtall wind turbine?

Ans:The wind turbine produces less during the night than during the day.

7. Assuming that the energy production is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, which
option describes the energy production of a 160 m160m tall wind turbine?

Ans:The wind turbine produces about the same during night and day.

8. When do you find the largest relative difference in production between a 160 m160m and
a 10 m10m wind turbine?

Ans:During the night

Week-2

Wind data analysis

1. For which component does the variations in wind speed look larger?

Ans: u

2. Is the mean of vv and ww approximately zero?

Ans:Yes, because the coordinate system is rotated such that only the uu component is in the
mean wind direction.

3. Which of the components (u,v,w)has the largest standard deviation?

Ans: u

4. Which turbulence scales are larger?

Ans: u

5.What does the integral time scale mean physically?

Ans: It depicts the time up to which the wind speeds are correlated

Week-3
Economics of wind energy - Net Present Value (NPV)
1. What are the O&M costs in euros for one year (in €/year and answer as an absolute value)?

1001000
2. What is annual revenue from selling the electricity (in €/year and answer as an absolute
value)?

8250000
3. What is the annual net income (in €/year and answer as an absolute value)?

7249000
4. What is the net present value of this wind farm project (in € and answer as an absolute
value)?

5528106
Week-3

Economics of wind energy - Levellised Cost of

Energy (LCoE)
1. What is the present value of all the maintenance costs for the 20 years of operation (in € and
answer as an absolute value)?

9827966
2. What is the present value of the payment cost made to decommission the wind farm (in € and
answer as an absolute value)?

643645
3. What is the present value of all the costs (in € and answer as an absolute value)?

75471610
4. What is the levellised annual cost (in €/year and answer as an absolute value)?

7686950
5. What is the levellised cost of energy (LCoE) for the wind farm (in €/kWh and answer as an
absolute value)?

(for decimals use '.')

0.0699
6. What is the levellised cost of energy (LCoE) in €c/kWh and answer as an absolute value?

(for decimals use '.')

6.99

Week-3
Wind Energy Technology Concepts
1. What is the required rotor radius (blade length) of a fast-running horizontal-axis wind turbine?

Ans:70–80m

2. What is the required rotor radius (blade length) of a slow-running horizontal-axis wind turbine
with a rotor of multiple blades?

Ans:90–100m
3. What is the required swept area of a Darrieus wind turbine?

Ans:20000–25000m2

4. What is the length of a blade of this Darrieus wind turbine assuming that the blades are
shaped as circular arcs such that the swept area forms a circle?

Ans:245–280m

5. What is the required area of the kite A_{kite}kite if the lift coefficient is C_LL=1 and the glide
ratio is 5?

Ans:2204 m^2

6. What is the required area of the kite A_{kite}kite if the lift coefficient is C_LL=1 and the glide
ratio is 10?

Ans:551 m^2
7. What is the required length of a straight and rigid beam that vibrates with an amplitude of 10 m
in a plane perpendicular to the mean wind speed of 10 m/s if you assume that the power
coefficient is C_PP=0.1 and the machine must extract 5 MW?

Ans:8163 m8163m

Week-4
Aerodynamics - 1D Momentum theory
1. The wind speed U_1U1 after the wake expansion is measured to be 4 m/s4m/s. What is the
axial induction factor (a)?

0.25
2. What would the flow velocity through the rotor be if it was run with optimal induction? Give the
result in m/sm/s and round up in 0.01 approximation.

5.33
3.What rotor radius (and thus approximate blade length) should the turbine have to
produce 1.5MW1.5MWat the given inflow speed? Give the result in m.

50.68
4. Assume now a rotor diameter of d=116md=116m. What is the thrust force on the rotor
in kNkN?-------Dont Know

5. What is the main limitation of 1D momentum theory?

Ans:it assumes that no energy is lost

 Week-4
Aerodynamics - Rotational theory and velocity
triangle at r = 40m
1. Which of the below sets of a and a’ correspond to optimum operation at r = 40mr=40m?

Ans: a=0.33245 a′=8.03⋅10−3

2. Compute the flow angle ϕ at r = 40mr=40m. State the result in degrees.
Ans:--Don’t Know
3. The angle of attack \alphaα is flow angle ϕ minus the blade twist angle \betaβ.
Compute \alphaα and use the lift curve in the slides in the video ‘Flow and forces around
a wind turbine’ (air foil data) to determine C_LCL and next the lift in N/mN/m. Pick the
approximate value of LL below.

Ans: L = 2.0e3 N/m

4.Compute the drag in kN/m too. What is the tangential force component Pt pr unit length
in N/m?

Ans: Don’t Know

5.What torque does it provide for a single blade pr unit length in Nm/m?

Ans: 8.7e3Nm/m

Week-4
Stresses in the blade cross section
1. How is the relationship h_x^{flap} / h_0^{flap}hxflap/h0flap expressed if the stress state is
constant regarding the flap-wise loading of the cross section (i.e. σflapx≡σflap0)?

Ans: hflap/hflap0=(2L+x)(L−x)^2/2L3

2. How is the relationship h_x^{edge} / h_0^{edge}hxedge/h0edge expressed if the stress

state is constant regarding the edge-wise loading of the cross
section(i.e. σedgex≡σedge0)?

Ans: hedge/hedge0=(L−x)^2/L^2
 3. Which is the correct expression for the constant material cross section in the flap-wise
direction?

Aflap=(8π/81)(ρairV2rL3)/(σflap0hflap0)
4. Which is the correct expression for the constant material cross section in the edge-wise
direction?

Aedgex=Aedge0=ρmatgL2/(σedge0hedge0−ρmatgL2)Aflap0

Week-4
The weight of a wind turbine blade

1.Calculate the mass (in metric tons) of a blade made of Aluminum, M_{blade}^{Al}MbladeAl
, setting the stress limit equal to fatigue limit of the material, \sigma_0^{Al} = 150 MPaσ0Al
=150MPa.

67.65

2.Calculate the mass (in metric tons) of a blade made of glass fiber reinforced
polymers, M_{blade}^{GFRP}MbladeGFRP , setting the stress limit equal to fatigue limit of the
material \sigma_0^{GFRP} = 180MPaσ0GFRP=180MPa.

32.18

3. Calculate the mass (in metric tons) of a blade made of carbon fiber reinforced
polymers, M_{blade}^{CFRP}MbladeCFRP , setting the stress limit equal to fatigue limit of the
material \sigma_0^{CFRP}= 300MPaσ0CFRP=300MPa.

14.72

4. Calculate an approximate factor, which the carbon fiber composite blade will cost more in
material price compared with the glass fiber composite blade using the weight of the two blades
found in the two previous questions. Material-wise, CFRP is 7.4 times as expensive as GFRP.

3.3
Week-5

Beam Theory
1. What are the reaction forces R_xRx, R_yRy and reaction bending moment M_zMz at the
clamped beam end?

Ans: Rx=0 kN; Ry=9.07 kN; Mz=780 kNm

2. What is the internal bending moment distribution M(x)M(x) along the beam?

Ans: M(x)=9.07x - 780\ kNmM(x)=9.07x−780 kNm

3. What is the distribution of the bending curvature κ(x) along the beam?

Ans: κ(x)=1.0336⋅10−7x2 +8.7072⋅10−6x +1.5600⋅10−5

4. What is the beam tip rotation in radians?

Ans:-0.0116

5. What is the beam tip displacement?’

ANS: -0.5m

Week-5

Wind turbine rotor speed control strategy

1. The minimum rotational speed of the generator is 900 rpm (rotations per minute) in the
operation range A-B. What is the value of \omega_{min}ωmin in rad/s?

94.2
2. The wind turbine has a gearbox between the wind turbine rotor and the generator to ensure
that the generator rotates faster than the wind turbine rotor. The gear ratio of the wind turbine in
this exercise is 108. What is the rotational speed of the wind turbine
rotor \omega_{WTRmin}ωWTRmin in the operation range A-B (picture from question 1)?
(answer in rad/s)

0.87
3. The maximum power coefficient of the wind turbine is C_{pmax} =0.42Cpmax=0.42, and the
rotor radius is 40 m. The air density is assumed to be 1.225 kg/m^31.225kg/m3 , and the
losses are neglected. How does the maximum possible power P_{max}Pmax then depend on
the wind speed U in the operation range B-C (picture from question 1)?

Ans: Pmax=Q3.U^3

4. In the formula Pmax=Q3.U^3 what is the value of q3 ? (answer in kg/m, use absolute value)

1292.42

5. The maximum power coefficient is obtained with the tip speed ratio \lambda _{opt} =8.8λopt
=8.8. What is the relation between rotational speed \omega_{WTR}ωWTR and wind speed U in
the operation range B-C?

Ans: U= Q5.Wwtr

6---Don’t know

7 The maximum power coefficient is obtained with the tip speed ratio 8.8. How does the
maximum possible power P_{max}Pmax depend on the wind turbine rotor speed ωWTR in the
operation range B-C (picture from question 1)?

Ans: Pmax=Q7 . W^3 wtr

8.----Don’t know

9. The maximum power coefficient is obtained with the tip speed ratio 8.8. How does the
maximum possible power P_{max}Pmax depend on the wind turbine rotor speed ωWTR in the
operation range B-C (picture from question 1)?

Ans: Pmax=Q9 . W gen^3

10.---Don’t Know

11. The maximum tip speed of the wind turbine blades is 70 m/s. What is the maximum rotational
speed ωmaxof the generator? (answer in rad/s)
189

12 At which speed is maximum power point tracking not possible anymore because vtip is limited
to 70 m/s (corresponding to point C)? Hint: Divide ωmax with the gear ratio, GRGR to
get ωWTRmax. Then calculate the UC value (m/s).
8