Module 1

The Academic Writing Style ......................................................................... 1

Activity .............................................................................................................. 3
Assessment ...................................................................................................... 5

Module 2
Plagiarism; Effective Note-taking ................................................................ 6
Activity .............................................................................................................. 8
Assessment ..................................................................................................... 11

Module 3
Planning Essays and Presentations .......................................................... 12
Activity ............................................................................................................. 16
Assessment ..................................................................................................... 18

Module 4
Writing the Reaction Paper/Review/Critique .......................................... 19
Activity ............................................................................................................. 21
Assessment ..................................................................................................... 23

Module 5
Writing the Concept Paper ......................................................................... 24
Activity ............................................................................................................. 25
Assessment ..................................................................................................... 27
Project for EAP 112 ..................................................................................... 28
 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

consider the four important features of language use: Formality, Objectivity,

EAP 112 THE ACADEMIC WRITING STYLE
Explicitness, and Caution.
MODULE At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• Identify the four important features of academic
Aspects of Professional and Academic Language

1 and professional language;

• Differentiate the language used in academic texts
from other disciplines; and
• Use various techniques in summarizing a variety of
academic texts.
A. Formality – Academic writing requires writers to use precise language to
make the text a “legitimate” piece of academic writing. Formality can be
achieved through the following ways:
1. Choosing expanded modal forms over contracted forms, such as using
WEEK 1 cannot instead of can’t and do not instead of don’t.
2. Choosing one verb form over two-word verb, such as damage instead
Key Questions: of mess up.
3. Choosing expanded terms over their abbreviated equivalents, such as
1. How do purpose/goal, audience, role, and topic influence the as soon as possible instead of ASAP.
production and consumption of a text?
4. Avoiding colloquial/trite/idiomatic expressions, such as kind of like, as
2. What are the aspects of academic and professional language?
a matter of fact, I need to go to the John.

B. Objectivity – Academic writing requires writers to be impersonal and to

Overview maintain a certain level of social distance. Objectivity can be achieved by:
Writing is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors: 1. Avoiding the use of personal pronouns such as you, I, and we.
Example: You need to conduct the experiment.
Topic Role Purpose Audience Improved version: The researchers need to conduct the experiment.
(What is the (Why am I (Who is
2. Avoiding rhetorical questions as it marks “closeness” with the reader,
(Who am I as a
text about?) writer?) writing in the reading this and constantly seeks his/her attention.
first place?) piece?) Example: How can these problems be solved?
Improved version: Certain measures must be discovered to solve the
These four factors influence the language that writers use. However, problems.
academic writing requires a more sophisticated use of language compared to texts 3. Avoiding emotive language that shows biases and lessens objectivity.
from other disciplines. Since the learner’s task includes writing formal papers such Example: The investigators were very shocked to see the
as assignments, exams, and reports, there is an expected quality in the language outcomes of the test.
use and structure of texts. In writing academic and professional texts, a writer must Improved version: The investigators did not expect the results.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

C. Explicitness – Academic writing demands the use of signposts that allow 1. Combining Ideas Effectively – Avoid redundancy and make sure that ideas
readers to trace the relationships in the parts of a study. are packed effectively.
1. If you intend to show a change in the line of argument, make it clear
Example: The earthquake was a disaster that caused loss of life,
by using “However.”
property damages, and permanent changes in the
2. Using the phrases “This is due to the ...” and “This resulted in ....” may
landscape.
be useful in making ideas explicit.
3. When two ideas seem the same, express each one clearly. 2. Nominalization – Transform verbs into nouns to help readers focus on the
4. If you intend to give extra information in your sentence, make it clear action and not on the doer of the action.
by writing “In addition...”
Example: The president announced a three-day holiday this
5. If you are giving examples, do so explicitly by writing “For example...”
September.
D. Caution – Academic writing requires care since knowledge is built from
Nominalization: The president’s announcement of a three-day holiday for
proven theories and concepts. Therefore, caution is needed to avoid
September was released.
sweeping generalizations.
3. Passivization – In passive construction, the results of actions are
Example: Government officials are corrupt.
highlighted. Since the writer of the paper is presumed to have done the
The statement is not completely true, and the rhetorical impact of collection and analysis of data, it is understood that all results of the
the statement may be misleading. The statement can be improved using actions are a product of the writer’s work.
devices such as modal verbs, adverbs, or verbs.
Example: The researcher conducted experiments to validate the
Improved versions: hypothesis.
1. Some government officials may be corrupt. (modal verb) Passivization: Experiments were conducted to validate the hypothesis.
2. Corruption is commonly linked to some key government officials.
(adverb)
3. A number of government official tend to be linked with cases of
corruption. (verb)

E. Structure – Aside from language, sentences need to be constructed in a

way that shows a level of complexity that reflects the sophistication of an
academic writer. Below are some ways to achieve a structure fit for
academic writing:

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Reference General Instructions:

Billanes, L. (2020). English for Academic and Professional Purposes Skills and
Submit these activity sheets on the scheduled date along with the other
Strategies for Academic Discourse 1st Edition. Quezon City: TechFactors, activity/ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a separate paper.
Inc. If you are sending something you have done online such as MS presentations,
pictures, pdfs, etc., then you may send those to your subject teacher’s email address
Valdez, P. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic by following this format: SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME.
and Professional Purposes. Pp. 2 – 16. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc. Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: ____________________________ Score: ____________________

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Using the Venn Diagram below, compare and contrast academic and
professional writing and creative writing (5 pts. each).

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Criteria for Grading:

QUALITY POINTS
ACTIVITY 3
Very Comprehensive 5 points Directions: Rewrite the paragraph below to make its language and structure fit for
Comprehensive 3 points academic writing (50 pts.).
Inadequate 1 point
The rice shortage that recently affected a number of countries in the
Asian region showed how unpredictable nature can be if we continue being
ACTIVITY 2 apathetic about improving rice production. Call it the calm before the storm, we
see now a lot of people queuing for a bag or two of NFA rice. Worse, for some,
Directions: Rephrase the sentences below using nominalization and passivization. observing a full square meal a day is no longer possible. This leads us to reflect
on how we can help to counter this strongly felt problems. As restaurants, we
A. Restructure the sentence using nominalization.
see a lot of leftover servings of rice knowing that hungry tummies in
1. The project was implemented to make sure that services are not
resettlement areas exist. On my way to school, I witness families sheltered in
delayed.
shanties at the town pulling through lunch with mere kropek and noodles at
2. The investigators established a time to determine the chain of events hand. Along the area, I see youngsters satisfying themselves with least modest
relating to the crime. skewers sold by hawkers. Yet, at the square canteen, I see the tradeoff –
3. The committee imposed a seven-day deadline for the members to students disregarding the value of rice servings and modest viands where plates
submit their requirements. are left on the table just that.
4. The artists created a beautiful mural to pay tribute to the survivors of
the disaster.
__________________________________________________________________
5. A number of students reported several cases of theft within the area.
__________________________________________________________________
B. Restructure the sentences using passivization. __________________________________________________________________
1. The children gave several inputs to improve the operations of the __________________________________________________________________
facility. __________________________________________________________________
2. Nurses conducted workshops for those in far-flung areas on health and __________________________________________________________________
sanction. __________________________________________________________________
3. The company acquired a number of contractors to render service to its __________________________________________________________________
consumers. __________________________________________________________________
4. Marketers need to make a quota every month to maintain sustainable __________________________________________________________________
growth. __________________________________________________________________
5. Guitar players constantly practice to ensure fault-free performance. __________________________________________________________________

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Criteria for Grading:

Formality - 10 pts.
Objectivity - 10 pts.
Explicitness - 10 pts.
Correctness - 10 pts.
Structure - 10 pts.
Total: - 50 pts.

Assessment
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct. If false, underline the word/s that
made the statement incorrect.

1. In academic writing, the writer should set aside his/her emotions.

2. Political subjectivity is a feature of academic writing.
3. The readers are not part of the writing context.
4. An objective point of view is free from biases.
5. In academic writing, the writer should rely on hard facts and evidence.
6. Academic writing is superior to creative writing.
7. The use of politically correct words enables a writer to be subtle and
businesslike.
8. Explicitness is a feature of all forms of academic writing.
9. The topic is unnecessary to the outcome of the paper.
10. Academic writing is similar to other forms of writing in terms of
complexity.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Relativity and Einstein was not mentioned, the writer explicitly or implicitly
EAP 112 PLAGIARISM; EFFECTIVE NOTE-TAKING
claims that this theory is his or hers. This shows that plagiarism of idea has
MODULE At the end of this module, you are expected to: been committed. To address such issue, proper citations should be done.
• Identify note-taking techniques and strategies to This is to attribute ownership of ideas to authors. Citations are done in

2 avoid plagiarism;
• Use knowledge of text structure to glean the
information needed; and
• Employ a range of note-taking strategies in
different ways:
A. Author-oriented Citation – It includes the author’s surname and the
year of publication inside a parenthesis.

Example:
WEEK 2 addressing plagiarism.
Pulido (2012) believes that language in an online environment can
be understood if other modes of online communication are further
Key Questions: analyzed to provide a full account of interaction in virtual worlds.
1. How can one draw meaning from an academic text? B. Text-oriented Citation - A paragraph or sentence from a source is
2. How can plagiarism be addressed? followed with the author’s surname and its year of publication. The
citation must be enclosed in parentheses.

Overview Example:
Plagiarism is defined as the copying verbatim and taking credit of other Unless educators realize the importance of reading and writing
writer’s language and idea. When a writer incorporates other people’s work in across subject areas, problems in comprehension of subject matter will
his/her paper without acknowledging them or asking for their consent, he/she be a prominent issue in the teaching learning process (Estacio, 2010).
commits plagiarism. This is a serious form of academic dishonesty and is frowned C. Another way of citation is by starting the sentence or paragraph using
upon in the academe. Thus, writers must be responsible in accounting the ideas the phrase “According to ...” followed by the surname of the author
and language of other writers. and the year of publication enclosed in parentheses.
Plagiarism can be addressed using citation and note-taking techniques and
II. Plagiarism of Language - This happens when an author uses the language
strategies. Citation is done to acknowledge the ownership of the work used while
of another writer and claims it as his or her own. Effective note-taking
note-taking strategies is for rephrasing the material for your work.
techniques are used to address plagiarism of language because it allows
Two Types of Plagiarism you to rephrase the original text into your own.

I. Plagiarism of Ideas – This occurs when the credit for a work is ascribed to
oneself untruthfully. For instance, if one writes a paper on the Theory of

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A. Using Direct Quotations – This is used for statements that are so 4. A rule of thumb in using direct quotations is that only twenty
closely associated that altering the words may lose its rhetorical percent of the total length of the work may employ direct
impact. For example, Ninoy Aquino’s statement “The Filipino is worth quotations. For instance, if the prompt of the essay requires you
dying for” is too short to be summarized, and it may lose its rhetorical to write in at least 1000 words, you may only have a total of 200
impact if the statement is paraphrased. Consider the following in words allotted for direct quotations.
employing direct quotations:
B. Summarizing – This is a short restatement of the main idea of the text.
1. Using direct quotations means to lift text and enclose them in The following tips must be considered in summarizing a text:
quotation marks. It also includes the author’s surname and the
1. Read the text thoroughly and highlight the important details in the
page number.
text.
Example: 2. After getting the main idea/s, summarize the text in your own
“Globalization is just a covert term for colonization.” (Reyes, 1994, words. Make sure to check if the relationships between ideas are
p.2) established.
3. After summarizing, compare your output with the original to see if
2. If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them
it does not stray from the original text.
with an ellipsis.
C. Paraphrasing - It is a restatement in your own words of the main idea
Example:
and the supporting details of a text. The following are ways in
“Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology... paraphrasing:
and therefore, consumers need to be updated on the latest trends
if they want to maximize opportunities offered by these gadgets to 1. Literal paraphrasing – In this type, only the vocabulary terms from
make daily activities more convenient.” (De Claro, 2010, p.7) the original text are replaced.
2. Structural paraphrasing – This type changes the sentence
3. Interpolation may be done to insert notes within the directly structure as well as the word class of key words of the original text.
quoted passage to help readers understand the context of the 3. Alternative paraphrasing – In this type, the writer first poses
statement. It is marked by brackets. questions about the text. Then, he/she answers these questions
Example: using his/her own words.
“[Educators] believe that the education sector should address the
material conditions of schools to improve teaching and learning.”
(Danao, 2011, p.7)

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Reference
General Instructions:
Billanes, L. (2020). English for Academic and Professional Purposes Skills and
Submit these activity sheets on the scheduled date along with the other
Strategies for Academic Discourse 1st Edition. Quezon City: TechFactors, activity/ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a separate paper.
Inc. If you are sending something you have done online such as MS presentations,
pictures, pdfs, etc., then you may send those to your subject teacher’s email address
Valdez, P. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic by following this format: SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME.
and Professional Purposes. Pp. 18 - 25. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc. Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: ____________________________ Score: ____________________

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Search for an online or newspaper article, and quote at least five
important statements from it. Apply the different citation techniques and
strategies for using quotations. Make sure to also attach a copy of the whole article
in your activity sheet (30 pts.).

Rubric for Grading:

Approaches
Exceeds Standards Meets Standards
Criteria Standards
(10 pts.) (6pts.)
(2 pts.)
The learner cited at The learner cited at The learner cited less
least five important least three important than three
Comprehensiveness
information from the information from the information from the
text. text. text.
The learner observed
The citations are
The citations are the conventions in
incomplete and the
complete, and its using citations.
conventions in citing
Citation Style conventions were However, some parts
articles were not
observed by the of the citation are
observed by the
learner. either missing or
learner.
unclear.

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The techniques used in

Some techniques Most techniques 4. In real life, most people disapprove individuals who make mistakes or fail
used in quoting used in quoting at important duties. People often put these kinds of standards on
Mechanics quoting information
information are information are
are all correct. government officials, teachers, friends, and even parents.
incorrect. incorrect.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2 ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the sentences and apply the different ways of paraphrasing (2 pts.
each). 5. Strategic management denotes the ability to identify objectives, perform
the set goals, and generate alternative scenarios for anticipated future
1. Personal profit can serve as an inspiration to businesses to better serve
events to eliminate business risks and setbacks. It focuses on how an
their customers.
organization will have a competitive advantage in such a way that it will
____________________________________________________________
manage ways to outperform its leading competitors.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Overclocking is a process that is capable of improving a computer’s
performance through overloading electricity.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3. Animation is an activity where you draw several pictures to make it into a

film or a comic magazine.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 3 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Directions: Summarize the text below (30 pts.) __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Corporations are owned by a group of people called stockholders or __________________________________________________________________
shareholders. To begin with, there are two kinds of stockholders namely: __________________________________________________________________
Initial Stockholders and Investors/Stockholders. Initial Stockholders are the __________________________________________________________________
group of people who started the corporation. They are the ones who __________________________________________________________________
invested a certain amount of money to start and build the operations of the __________________________________________________________________
corporation. Second are the Investors or simply stockholders, who invest __________________________________________________________________
money to receive profit from the corporation in the form of dividends. Also, __________________________________________________________________
the money invested is used to help and support the business entity and its __________________________________________________________________
operations. Likewise, Stockholders like these can be classified into two __________________________________________________________________
namely: Major Stockholders and Minor Stockholders. Major Stockholders __________________________________________________________________
are the people who own a large portion of the corporation around 15-50% __________________________________________________________________
and above. They are expected to be more active with the corporation since __________________________________________________________________
they carry a huge weight of the corporation. Next, are the Minor __________________________________________________________________
Stockholders, who own a small portion of the corporation which is around
10 % and below. The amount and percentage of ownership can be matched
with the number of stocks owned by the stockholder over a corporation.
Rubric for Grading:
When a stockholder buys a portion of the corporation, he/she will receive
what is known as a Stock Certificate. This certificate shows the number of Criteria Description/Indication Points
stocks taken, the cost of each stock and other information about the
Content The information is relevant to the original text. 15
stockholder (Gahol, 2011).
Organization of The ideas are well-organized, and they were
10
Ideas discussed clearly and concisely.
__________________________________________________________________ Grammar and The insights were explained with correct grammar
5
__________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary and spelling of words.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Assessment
Directions: Identify what is being described in each statement.

1. This refers to the practice of copying someone else's work and passing
them off as one's own.
2. This is done to acknowledge the author of the idea that was mentioned in
one’s paper.
3. This happens when the writer presents the work of others as his/her own.
4. This happens when a work of another writer is copied word-for-word.
5. This type starts with the surname of the author, followed by the year of
publication in parentheses.
6. This is the synthesis of the main points of a text.
7. To use this, the text must be lifted and enclosed in quotation marks.
8. This the act of rewriting a text without changing the original meaning.
9. This type replaces only the vocabulary terms from the original text.
10. This type changes the sentence structure of the original text.

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EAP 112 PLANNING ESSAYS AND PRESENTATIONS The Thesis Statement

MODULE At the end of this module, you are expected to:

The thesis statement is a general statement that contains the main idea or
argument of your paper.
• Determine the thesis statement of an academic

3 text;
• Outline reading texts in various disciplines; and
• Write an abstract/summary of texts in various
disciplines.
Example:
The ASEAN region is a dynamic system because it capitalizes on
cultural diversity, rich resources, and a variety of perspectives.

WEEK 2
The sample thesis statement contains the main idea that the ASEAN region
is a dynamic system. Three supporting points that will be developed in the
Key Question: succeeding sections were mentioned – cultural diversity, resources, and a variety
of perspectives. These points will be elaborated in each paragraph to support the
1. How can an essay and presentation be planned?
main idea.

A thesis statement differs from a topic sentence in two aspects.

Overview Thesis Statement Topic Sentence
Like other forms of writing, academic
writing is an activity that requires ✓ The thesis statement is the main ✓ The topic sentence serves as the
organization. Its process usually starts in a idea of an essay. main idea of a paragraph.
chaotic way. Therefore, much preparation is ✓ The thesis statement contains at ✓ A topic sentence usually has just
needed on the side of the writer. It is essential least two supporting points which one supporting point.
to learn academic writing because through are developed in succeeding
this, one can think critically while clearly paragraphs.
conveying complex ideas in a well-structured
outline.
The following are the qualities of a good thesis statement:
Writing an academic paper requires the writer to consider two important
components: the thesis statement and the outline. 1. A good thesis statement is always framed as a declarative statement.
Poor example: What is plagiarism?
Improved version: Plagiarism can be explained from cultural and
socio-political perspectives.

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2. A good thesis statement is focused. This means that it provides supporting Example:
points that strengthen the main idea. Traditional Format Standard Format
Poor example: An effective local government unit should have Title of Work: Units of a Research Title of Work: Units of a Research
good communication facilities and efficient University University
resource management programs since these I. College of Medicine 1.0 College of Medicine
initiatives will be beneficial for its citizens. A. Community Medicine 1.1 Community Medicine
Improved version: Effective dissemination of information and B. Pathology 1.2 Pathology
efficient resource management are indicators of II. College of Engineering 2.0 College of Engineering
effective local governance. A. Industrial Engineering 2.1 Industrial Engineering
B. Chemical Engineering 2.2 Chemical Engineering
3. A good thesis statement has clear boundaries. It sets limits to what the C. Mechanical Engineering 2.3 Mechanical Engineering
essay intends to explore.
III. School of Fine Arts 3.0 School of Fine Arts
Poor example: Guitar playing skills can be improved if the player A. Painting 3.1 Painting
is dedicated and there are sessions devoted to B. Sculpture 3.2 Sculpture
technique and investments on good equipment
IV. College of Liberal Arts 4.0 College of Liberal Arts
must be considered since this will be influential in A. Political Science 4.1 Political Science
performing in front of an audience. B. History 4.2 History
Improved version: Excellent guitar playing requires countless hours C. Literature 4.3 Literature
of practice, strategic decisions in purchasing
equipment, and tireless dedication. B. Principles
1. Parallelism – Entries should observe the same language structure.
The Outline 2. Coordination – Entries should observe levels of importance.
The outline is used to show the logical arrangement of ideas to be included 3. Subordination – Entries should observe difference of importance.
in the essay. In preparing an outline, the format and principle must always be 4. Division – Entries should at least be two to be sure that supporting
considered. points of a major idea are adequate.

A. Format – The format can be classified into two: the traditional (It uses
Roman numerals, letters, and numbers) and standard (It uses numbers).

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Steps for Planning an Essay American Psychological Association

Writing an essay requires planning and execution. The diagram below Gathering additional information and preparing notes is important in
shows the preparatory steps that a writer may follow in planning and writing expanding the points of an essay. Since these notes come from other sources, it is
his/her essay. important to remember that accounting for resources is an important aspect of an
Determining the academic writing. One way of accounting resources is using the American
topic, purpose, role Psychological Association (APA). This system is used in preparing a list of
and audience
references.

Peer A. Books
Expanding
evaluation and
subtopics
revision Author’s surname, Initial (Year of Publication). Title of Work. Place of
Publication: Publisher

Collecting Examples:
Drafting sources and Martinez, A. (2008). Creating Memories. Quezon City: Maxwell Publishers
making notes
Pulido, D., & Mirador, J. (1998). Academic Writing for College Students.
Tokyo: Lindell Inc.
Brainstorming, forming
the thesis statement, Mata, E. (Ed.). (2015). Workplace Ethics: An Introduction. Kuala Lumpur: UPM
and outlining
Press.
Aside from following these steps, it is also important to note that an essay Cycling Primer for Beginners. (1989). Ohio: West and West Publishing
usually requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
B. Periodicals (Journals, Newspaper, and Magazines)
A. Introduction – It consists of the background information of the topic, the
thesis statement, and the scope. Surname of author/s, Initial (Year of Publication). Title of the Article. Title of
B. Body – It contains the major ideas confined in the thesis. the Periodical, Volume (issue number), page numbers.
C. Conclusion – This is the section that summarizes the main points of the Examples:
essay. Valdez, G. (2010). Philippine Perspectives on Environmental Politics. Journal
of New World Politics. 8 (7), 25 - 32.

Moore, B. (2001, August). Fashion for the new decade. Fashion Manila, 35
(2), 77.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Severino, P. (2013, Oct. 23). Creating Possibilities for Muslim Mindanao. The
Metro Monitor, p. A17. 3. Rehearse your presentation. Did you go beyond the
time limit? Were you able to express your points
C. Online Sources
clearly?
Author, Initial or Institution. (Date of Retrieval). Title of Work. Retrieved from
Web site
4. Select appropriate attire for your presentation. Do
Example: your clothes fit the formality of the event? Does it help
Greenworks. (May 4, 2014). Method of Extraction of Minerals. Retrieved you accentuate your features (height, skin color, or
from www.greenworks/methods.html. prominent physical feature)?

Planning Presentations
B. During the Presentation
Disseminating academic papers to the public can be beneficial to both the 1. Relax. Focus on the points you rehearsed. Refer to your notes/outline
writer and the readers. Presenting one’s written works to worthy venues like from time to time. Once you start talking, the tension will begin to
conferences, seminars, and workshops can contribute to the body of knowledge. lessen.
In addition, sharing meaningful inputs with other participants can improve the 2. Elaborate. Add interesting ideas in your presentation that you came
writer’s piece. Therefore, it is important that your written output must also be across while writing the paper.
designed for oral presentations. Below are some tips for presenting an essay. 3. Establish eye contact. It is good to look at the audience from time to
time, perhaps at their foreheads. This allows you to create the illusion
A. Before the Presentation
that you are looking into their eyes minimizing your anxiety.
1. Familiarize yourself with the mechanics of the 4. Start and finish strong. Good presentations start with the central
presentation. Is there a time limit? What equipment theme or idea. Make sure to conclude with a restatement of the
is available to you? Who will be attending the central idea. Remember that the beginning and the end are powerful
activity? sections of your presentation.

C. After the presentation

2. Prepare. Did you prepare an outline for your
presentation? Will you be using PowerPoint or other 1. Thank the audience. Remember that the
media? What salient points will you be including? Did you audience took time to attend your presentation.
use good slides? Are the font and text readable? Are the Showing gratitude is a good way of connecting
texts in manageable length and are not crammed? with them.

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2. Refer to your work. Questions are likely to be

General Instructions:
asked and therefore referring to your work
would be a good way to keep the discussions Submit these activity sheets on the scheduled date along with the other
focused. If there are ideas beyond the scope of activity/ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a separate paper.
your work, be open in welcoming them. If you are sending something you have done online such as MS presentations,
pictures, pdfs, etc., then you may send those to your subject teacher’s email address
by following this format: SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME.

Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________

Section: ____________________________ Score: ____________________

Reference

[Asana Events Find Us in Person Planning Clipart] (n.d.). Retrieved from Asana ACTIVITY 1
Events Find Us in Person Planning Clipart
Directions: Complete the thesis statements below by adding valid supporting
[Presentation Clipart PowerPoint] (n.d.). Retrieved from points (2 pts. for each answer).
https://www.clipartkey.com/view/iJomJo_presentation-
1. The main reasons for poverty in the Philippines are _______________,
clipartpowerpoint-presentation-video-icon-animated-gif/
_______________, and _______________.
[Thank you words. Woman with red heart saying] (n.d.). Retrieved from
2. Getting pregnant before graduating from college results in
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/thank-you-words-woman-
red-heart-1033803841 _______________ and _______________.
3. Having OFW parents has its advantages such as _______________ and
Valdez, P. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic
and Professional Purposes. Pp. 30 – 44. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing _______________.
House, Inc. 4. Civilians should not be allowed to carry a gun because _______________ and
What Is Academic Writing? Types of Academic Writing (2019). Retrieved from _______________.
https://www.calltutors.com/blog/what-is-academic-writing/ 5. The Anti-Distracted Law must be strictly implemented because
[Young Man Choosing Shirt Clothes Rack Illustrations & Vectors] (n.d.) Retrieved _____________________________________________________________.
from https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/young-man-choosing-
6. There must be a stricter law against cyberbullying because
shirt-clothes-rack.html
_____________________________________________________________.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

7. The main reason for the popularity of Facebook is Title of Work: (1 pt.)
_____________________________________________________________.
I. ____________________________ (1 pt.)
8. A stricter penalty in plagiarism will result in
A. (2 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________.
B. (2 pts.)
9. People should eliminate the regular consumption of fast food because a fast-
C. (2 pts.)
food diet leads to _______________________________________________.
II. ____________________________ (1 pt.)
10. The ban on junk foods in school cafeterias has resulted in
A. (2 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________.
B. (2 pts.)
C. (2 pts.)

ACTIVITY 2 III. _____________________________ (1 pt.)

Directions: Refer to the thesis statement about the impact of global warming. A. (2 pts.)
Based on it, construct an outline containing the points to be discussed in your B. (2 pts.)
essay. You may search from other resources for additional information (25 pts.). IV. _____________________________ (1 pt.)

The rising temperature in the Earth’s atmosphere may result to physical, A. (2 pts.)
ecological, social, and economic changes. B. (2 pts.)

ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Based on the thesis statement and your outline from Activity 2,
construct an essay about the impacts of global warming. Your essay should have
an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Use another sheet of paper for this
activity (30 pts.).

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Rubric for Grading: 4. Rehearse your presentation.

DESCRIPTION/INDICATION 5. Refer to your work.
CRITERIA 10 7 5
The insights were The insights are The insights are
Content discussed clearly and unclear, and the output irrelevant to the given
concisely. is too wordy. concepts.
The insights were There are minimal The output has too
Grammar and
explained with correct errors in grammar and many errors in grammar
Vocabulary
grammar and spelling. spelling of words. and spelling.
The task outcome The task outcome showed The task outcome
that the student did not
showed that the showed that the student
Mechanics follow some instructions
student followed all the correctly. Some parts are did not follow any
instructions correctly. either missing or unclear. instruction correctly.

Assessment
A. Directions: Read the following statements and write THS if the sentence is a
thesis statement; write TOS if it is a topic sentence.
1. Automated elections should be improved to minimize fraud,
facilitate faster turnout, and maximize voter participation.
2. The lakes of Laguna are grand spectacles worth seeing.
3. Creating comics involves several steps.
4. Despite some risks, online businesses can be sustainable models
for doing business since they minimize operating costs and provide
greater options for consumers.
5. Writing requires careful planning.

B. Directions: Below are the steps in planning an essay presentation. Arrange

them in their correct order using numerical digits (1-5).
1. Familiarize yourself with the mechanics of the presentation.
2. Thank the audience.
3. Establish eye contact.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

and the overall significance of the work. It also indicates the element the
EAP 112 WRITING THE REACTION PAPER/
writer plans to examine in a particular work.
MODULE REVIEW/CRITIQUE
At the end of this module, you are expected to: Example:

4
• Determine critical approaches in writing a critique; News discourse is a rich area in language studies that has
• Express opinions based on facts; attracted attention among scholars both old and new. Departing from
• Use critical approaches in writing a critique; and merely examining printed texts, the present era of globalized
• Write an objective/balanced review or critique of a technologies poses serious challenges for the analysis of news discourse,
WEEK 3-4 work of art, an event, or a program. given that producers of news employ different modalities to deliver their
message. In addition, the growing mobilities of individuals (geographical,
virtual, and social) raise interesting questions on the suitable
Key Questions: frameworks available for researchers to fully understand different
aspects of news discourse. Given the present scenario, this book
1. What considerations should one take in preparing a critique?
elucidates the challenges of studying news discourse.
2. How is a critique different from other texts?
Presented in nine chapters, the book conveniently deals with

Overview
specific aspects of the topic, giving readers a manageable resource for
study. Chapter 1 overviews the book, starting with definitions of news
A critique is a form of academic writing that presents a critical analysis and discourse then outlining the different approaches (sociolinguistic, corpus
evaluation of a work or concept such as artworks, films, poetry, music, research, linguistic, critical discourse analytic, to name a few) and methods of
etc. It is an important rhetorical pattern in academic writing as it presents a collecting data. Included in this section is the importance of studying
balanced view of things. However, it is important to note that writing a critique discourse, which may spark interest among beginning scholars and
should not be based on personal opinions. Instead, it should be grounded on actual readers unfamiliar with the area (Valdez, 2014).
observations.

Writing a critique is similar to essay writing. It is organized in a clear II. Body

structure i.e., introduction, body, and conclusion. This lesson will focus on these
parts and their contents. A major part of a critique covers a summary of the work being
critiqued. It contains a detailed analysis of the idea conveyed by the work or
I. Introduction concept. In this part, specific descriptions are needed for the reader to have
a clear understanding of the central features of the topic. In writing insights
The introduction part of a critique paper provides a background on these features, both the weaknesses and strengths should be based on
information of the ideas that the writer will tackle. It includes the central idea what is observable and comparable to other items of the same class.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Examples: Reference
The smartphone has an eight-megapixel camera supported by Murray & Rockowitz, A. (2020). Writing a Critique. Retrieved from
both Bluetooth technology and wireless applications. These features are
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/handouts/the-writing-process-
standard among modern phones, so the higher price is not justified.
1/invention/Writing-a-Critique

The movie is worth seeing because it features not only talented Valdez, P. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic
actors but also tells an excellent story filled with unexpected twists. and Professional Purposes. Pp. 46 – 54. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.

III. Conclusion Writing a Critique (2020). Retrieved from https://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/

write/critique.jsp
The final section of a critique paper presents the overall interpretation
and evaluation of the subject that was critiqued. This includes points to
consider before checking out the work or concept. In writing this section, the
recommendations must be backed up from source that strengthens the claim
and when stating negative appraisal, it must be expressed with discretion.

Examples:
Taken as a whole, the book can be helpful resource for teachers
planning to integrate technology in their classrooms. In addition, the
sample lessons provided in the appendices consider different material
conditions of schools which may be a reality in some settings. Since
Estacio (2009) views that technology use in education may depend on
the conditions of educational institutions, the lessons in the book are a
welcome addition to the growing number of resources in different
contexts for teachers.

Considering the pros and cons of the computer system, users

may want to check other options that bear the same features, as other
companies provide top of the line features for their premium offerings
but with lower price points.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

returns the user to the homescreen. The current model of the iPhone, the the 5s has gone
General Instructions:
back to an even simpler desktop screen, and Apple has opened up to variety by offering a
Submit these activity sheets on the scheduled date along with the other number of colors that a consumer can choose from. (Apple.com, 2013).
activity/ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a separate paper.
With the 5s the camera has been upgraded to 8MP. It also features a front and
If you are sending something you have done online such as MS presentations,
back camera for iSight. It’s Wi-Fi has been improved and it is now thinner, and running a
pictures, pdfs, etc., then you may send those to your subject teacher’s email address
new operating system iOS 7. On the apple home page it’s description reads, “With an all-
by following this format: SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME.
new design, this is iPhone as you’ve never seen it — or held it. iPhone 5c is beautifully,
Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________ unapologetically plastic, the better to bring its five decidedly uncommon colors to life”
Section: ____________________________ Score: ____________________ (Apple, 2013). One complaint that many have had with the iPhone, is how easy it is to break
or crack. With the new iPhone, it seems that problem has been addressed and improved.

Apple is aiming this product at consumers who already own an iPhone, by making
ACTIVITY 1 their phone a more personal expression of who people are. They also write in their
description that, “Sine time immemorial, color has been a tool of expression. An undeniable
Directions: Read the sample critique and list down the strengths and weaknesses extension of who you are” (Apple, 2013).
of the product. Write your answers in the table below (2 pts. each).
Apples competitor for phones, with the Android, does not currently have this
The iPhone is a product that has gained an iconic value in America. It is, after all, option. Also, the competitor’s products do not have as arrayed of apps as the iPhone, nor
the original smart phone, and it marked a drastic change in in perception of what a phone do they have as seamless an integration with the program iTunes, which works as a content
can do. The iPhone is also the father of the iPad, which is the pioneering product of tablets. manager for the iPhone.
In my opinion, it is also the best phone currently on the market. It is a remarkable product
with a range of applications. Given these advantages, and the renowned innovation of the iPhone, it is currently
the best product on the market today for a smart phone. It was the original smart phone
The iPhone operates on the same operating system as Macintosh computers, and it continues to be a smart buy. Apple will only continue to grow and develop it, changing
MacOS X, with modifications to be appropriate for the interface of the iPhone. Since third it to make it faster stronger, and adaptive when a new set of circumstances change. That is
party companies can design programs, or “apps” for the iPhone, there is really no limit to where Steve Job’s legacy is still alive and well at Apple.
what the phone can do, since apps can be customized to suit a particular situation. (Jobs,
2007). Everything from Internet apps likes Skype, guitar tuners, games, graphing Retrieved from https://www.wowessays.com/free-samples/iphone-review-essay-sample/

calculators, maps, GPS navigation systems, etc. are able to reside in the small, but powerful
device.

The iPhone first went on sale in the summer of 2007. It was introduced by a
keynote from then CEO of Apple Steve Jobs. One of the things that Steve Jobs brought to
apple was a dedication to design of their products. (Jobs, 2007). The iPhone is the
culmination of that commitment. It is simple and easy to use, with only one button that

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Strengths Weaknesses combination of images and texts allows greater understanding of values encoded in the
news. In addition, the book adequately discusses means for addressing methodological
problems in analyzing data in different forms of media. Moreover, since the book draws on
different perspectives, readers will find a range of options to work with when confronting
their own data. To illustrate, news may not only be seen on the national/international scene
but also in specific locales. Therefore, this can help in making sense of one’s data through
adequate examples.

The book is intended as a suitable introduction for graduate students and

researchers interested in exploring the complexities of news discourse, as it provides input,
a list of reading, and additional activities for research. It also integrates several theoretical
and methodological perspectives, giving readers a free hand on deciding which approach
to employ in analyzing their own data. Overall, this book, which is part of the Continuum
series of books covering areas of discourse, is a valuable contribution for the enrichment of
scholarship concerning news discourse (Valdez, 2014).

Questions:

1. Is the recommendation of the book positive or negative? Cite specific

information.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. What considerations did the author mention for readers to consider in

ACTIVITY 2 reading the book?
____________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the following paragraphs and answer the questions that follow (5
____________________________________________________________
pts. each).
____________________________________________________________
The book is a valuable resource as it provides interesting theoretical and ____________________________________________________________
methodological means for analyzing news discourse. For instance, analyzing the ____________________________________________________________

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

ACTIVITY 3 Assessment
Directions: Recall a movie that you have watched before and write a critique paper Directions: Read the statements below. Write True if it is correct and False if not.
about it. Do this on a separate sheet of paper (30 pts.).
1. A critique is a genre of academic writing that presents a critical analysis of
Rubric for Grading: a work or concept.
2. In writing a critique, the arguments made by the writer does not
Criteria 10 7 5 3 necessarily need to be backed up with evidence.
There are 3. In presenting the weaknesses of a work or concept in a critique paper, the
Almost all Some
several
All information information to information to writer should be blunt as much as possible.
Content inaccuracies
support the support the main support the main
main thesis of thesis of the thesis of the
in the 4. A critique paper should have an introduction, body, and conclusion.
Accuracy information
the critique. critique is critique is 5. A critique should provide a background information of the work or concept
provided in
accurate. accurate. that the writer will examine.
the critique.
The learner uses The learner uses
The learner 6. The conclusion part of a critique should indicate the elements or features
depends on
The learner
effective effective
simple
of the work that the writer will evaluate.
complex/ simple complex/ simple
uses effective constructions 7. A critique presents a balanced view of things as it shows both the strengths
Style/Language constructions in constructions in
complex/simple throughout and weaknesses of a work.
the majority of certain sections
Use constructions the piece and
the piece with a of the piece with 8. Recommendations in a critique must be backed up from source that
throughout the there are
few minor lapses a few minor
piece. several lapses strengthens the writer’s claim.
in some lapses in some
in some
sentences. sentences.
sentences.
9. The main goal of a critique is to discredit a particular work by presenting
There are some its negative features.
There are
There are few lapses in 10. Critiquing is done to develop an understanding of the work’s purpose and
major lapses
lapses in grammar,
Good grammar, in grammar, creative style.
grammar, punctuation, and
Mechanics and punctuation, punctuation,
punctuation, and mechanics which
and mechanics and
Grammar mechanics but cause
are adequately mechanics
they do not cause misunderstanding
employed. which impede
misunderstanding in certain
understanding
of the text. sections of the
of the text.
text.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Presenting concepts in an essay can be done through different modes or

EAP 112 WRITING THE CONCEPT PAPER
patterns. Definition, explication, and explanation can be used to elucidate a
MODULE At the end of this module, you are expected to: concept.
• Define concept paper;

5 • Determine the ways a writer can elucidate on a

Ways in Explaining a Concept
concept by definition, explication, and clarification; A. Definition – It is used in giving meaning to terms using distinguishing
• Present a novel concept or project with characteristics or synonyms. Definitions are essential in writing a concept
accompanying visuals/graphic aids. paper as they serve as frame of reference for discussions. It can be expressed
WEEK 5-7 in three ways:
1. Formal Definition – It includes the term (the word to be defined), class
Key Questions: (the group where the term belongs), and distinguishing features (the
qualities that make the term unique).
1. Why are concept papers important?
2. What implications do they hold in different aspects of life? Example:
Distinguishing
Term Class
Features
Overview that has two wheels
A concept paper is a type of academic is a mode of and is powered
A bicycle
writing that is done prior to conducting a transport through the pedaling
effort of the rider.
project. It is often compared to a research
proposal as it provides an overview of the 2. Informal Definition – It is a brief explanation and does not contain
research topic, its significance, and the methods distinguishing features.
that will be used. The primary goal of concept
Example:
paper is to convince the reader/s that there is a
Term Class
need to conduct the project and that it is
feasible. A chair is a piece of furniture.

Concept papers are usually 2-3 pages in 3. Extended Definition – It is a detailed way of defining a term. The text in
length. The body of the essay is the main section of the concept paper. It is in this this type is usually in paragraph or essay length. Aside from definition,
part where specific claims made in the thesis statement are elaborated. The description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect relationships are
conclusion, on the other hand, is where the thesis statement is reemphasized. It also used in providing a holistic definition of the given term.
also provides a summary of the information that were discussed in the body.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

B. Explication – It employs a critical interpretation of a concept by examining

General Instructions:
sentences, verses, quotes, or passages from another work. This may be done
using description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc. Through Submit these activity sheets on the scheduled date along with the other
these modes or pattern, a broader perspective and richer explanation of the activity/ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a separate paper.
concept is provided to the readers. If you are sending something you have done online such as MS presentations,
pictures, pdfs, etc., then you may send those to your subject teacher’s email address
C. Explanation/Clarification – A concept can be developed through explanation by following this format: SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME.
by providing examples or situations.
Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: ____________________________ Score: ____________________

ACTIVITY 1
Reference Directions: Write a paragraph with at least 3-5 sentences explaining concept
paper and how it differs from other forms of academic writing. Use the space
[Big data analysis, data storage, global analytics flat vector illustration design]
provided below (10 pts.).
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/268947-big-
data-analysis-data-storage-global-analytics-flat-vector-illustration-design __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Concept Papers: What They Are and How to Write Them? (n.d.). Retrieved from __________________________________________________________________
https://custompapers.com/essays-articles/concept-papers/ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
DiscoverPhDs (2020). What is a Concept Paper and How do You Write One?
__________________________________________________________________
Retrieved from https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/concept-paper
__________________________________________________________________
Lango, B. (2019). How to Write a Concept Paper with Practical Sample by Dr __________________________________________________________________
Lango. Retrieved from __________________________________________________________________
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336150591_How_to_write_a __________________________________________________________________
_concept_paper_with_practical_sample_by_Dr_Lango

Valdez, P. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series English for Academic
and Professional Purposes. Pp. 56 - 64. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

Rubric for Grading: more effective products and services. Also, it aims to practice a social objective
rather than a financial one (Abuso, 2011).
Criteria Description/Indication Points
Content The insights are relevant to the topic 5 Questions:
The output shows unity of ideas. The ideas are 1. What is the selection about?
Organization of
arranged logically, and the relationships are clear 3 ____________________________________________________________
Ideas
due to the skillful use of cohesive devices. ____________________________________________________________
Grammar and The insights were explained using correct grammar ____________________________________________________________
2
Vocabulary and spelling of words. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2 2. How is the term social business defined?

____________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the selection below and determine how the writer elucidated ____________________________________________________________
the concept by answering the questions below (2 pts. each). ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Social business is an emerging trend in the business world today. According
____________________________________________________________
to SocialBusinessForum.com, it is a recent trend that is transformational, making
the companies function and generate value for all the constituents. In the past, 3. What characteristics of social business are given in the paragraph?
Muhammad Yunus, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, wrote the books “Creating a World ____________________________________________________________
without Poverty – Social Business” and “The Future of Capitalism and Building ____________________________________________________________
Social Business,” which first defined what social business is. According to these, it ____________________________________________________________
is a way of expanding the company’s capabilities, improving the product and ____________________________________________________________
service provided, and promoting its social mission. Many organizations were ____________________________________________________________
influenced by Yunus such as Grameen Danone Foods, a social business enterprise
4. What examples are given to show the qualities of the social business?
in Bangladesh, and Grameen Bank, a community development bank. As a result,
____________________________________________________________
these companies were able to promote and develop social businesses among their
____________________________________________________________
organizations successfully.
____________________________________________________________
At present, social busines is practiced in different companies to uplift the ____________________________________________________________
social welfare in the marketplace. It also reinforces the idea of profitable and social ____________________________________________________________
responsibility in business. Social business has its main objectives that are attained, 5. Cite a passage that was quoted from another work. How did the writer use
once it is implemented. These are to provide a profit-oriented business and to have it in interpreting and expanding the meaning of social business?

26
 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Informal Definition: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Blog

Formal Definition: _____________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3 ____________________________________________________________
Directions: Think of a project (e.g., research, business proposal, etc.) that you plan Informal Definition: ____________________________________________
to do. Construct an essay containing an overview of its concept, the importance of ____________________________________________________________
conducting it, and the methods that will be used in doing the project. The paper
should employ academic writing style and should have at least 500 words. You can 3. Social Networking
also add graphic aids to effectively convey your point. Do this activity on a separate
sheet of paper (30 pts.). Formal Definition: _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Rubric for Grading:
Informal Definition: ____________________________________________
Criteria Description/Indication Points ____________________________________________________________
Content The information given are relevant to the concept. 15
4. Mountaineering
Organization of The ideas are well-organized, and they were
10
Ideas discussed clearly and concisely. Formal Definition: _____________________________________________
Grammar and The insights were explained with correct grammar ____________________________________________________________
5
Vocabulary and spelling of words.
Informal Definition: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Assessment 5. Exercise
Directions: Write a formal and informal definition of the following terms (10 pts. Formal Definition: _____________________________________________
each). ____________________________________________________________
1. Smartphone Informal Definition: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Formal Definition: _____________________________________________

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 Asian Institute of Computer Studies (AICS)

PROJECT FOR EAP 112 (ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

Rubric for Grading:
AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES)
Criteria 20 15 10 5
General Directions: Propose a research project that you There are
Some
want to conduct. Construct a 2-3 pages concept paper All information
Almost all
information to
several
Content information to inaccuracies
about it and follow the outline below. Do this on a short supports the support the main
support the main in the
bond paper. Accuracy main thesis of thesis of the
thesis of the information
the paper. paper is
paper is accurate. provided in
inaccurate.
the paper.
Title The learner
The learner uses The learner uses
depends on
effective effective
The learner simple
Proposed by: complex/ simple complex/ simple
uses effective constructions
Style/Language constructions in constructions in
complex/simple throughout
the majority of certain sections
________________________________________ Use constructions
the piece with a of the piece with
the piece and
________________________________________ throughout the there are
few minor lapses a few minor
piece. several lapses
________________________________________ in some lapses in some
in some
sentences. sentences.
sentences.
There are some
There are
I. Introduction There are few lapses in
major lapses
lapses in grammar,
Good grammar, in grammar,
II. Aim of the Study punctuation,
grammar, punctuation, and
punctuation,
Mechanics and punctuation, and mechanics which
III. Statement of the Problem and Research Questions and mechanics and
Grammar mechanics but cause
are adequately mechanics
they do not cause misunderstanding
(This part should have at least three research questions) employed. which impede
misunderstanding in certain
understanding
of the text. sections of the
IV. Significance of the Study text.
of the text.

V. Preliminary Literature Review

(This part should have at least five literature review)
VI. Research Hypothesis
VII. Project Methodology/Research Approach
VIII. Citations

28