DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP (LS6)

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MODULE FOR ALS

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
1st Quarter
DIGITAL CONCEPTS &
DIGITAL OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

Content Standard: Digital Concepts

Performance Standard A: Explain 1 basic concepts related to
the use of information communication technologies
(ICTs) in an increasingly digital world.
Learning Competencies:

1. Define what is meant by information and communications

technology (ICTs) using examples from everyday life (LS6DL-DC-
PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS-1)
2. Compare the experiences of people using technology in the 21st
century to those who lived in the 20th century
(LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS-2)
● characteristics of technologies used
● advantages and disadvantages
3. Explain the key differences between so-called digital natives and
digital migrants (LS6DL-DC-PSALE/AE/LS/AS-3)
4. Give examples from daily life of the advantages and disadvantages
of the 21st century in terms of ICT (LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS-4)
5. Describe the computer and its characteristics
(LS6DL-DC-PSALE/AE/LS/AS-5)
6. Identify the different types of computer and their applications in daily
life (LS6DL-DC-PSAAE/LS/AS-6)
● supercomputer ● mainframe computer ● minicomputer
● microcomputer
7. List the different types of microcomputer and its use in everyday life
(LS6DL-DC-PSALE/AE/LS/AS-7)
● desktop computer ● gaming consoles ● sound & navigation of a car ●
netbook ● laptop/notebook ● PDA (personal digital assistant) ● tablet PCs
● mobile tablets/iPad ● smartphones ● calculators
8. Identify the parts of a desktop computer
(LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS-8)
9. Explain the functions of each of the parts of a desktop computer
(LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS-9)
10. Explain the difference between computer hardware and software
(LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS10)
11. Identify different types of computer hardware accessories and their
respective functions (LS6DL-DC-PSABL/LE/AE/LS/AS11)
12. Identify different types of computer software and the tasks they are
used for (LS6DL-DC-PSALE/AE/LS/AS-12)
Source: Learning Strand 6 Digital Literacy Page 6 of 35 June 2017

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 Content Standard: Digital Operations and Management
Performance Standard B: Demonstrate knowledge of basic
hardware operations, software operations, and file
management in using a computer.

Learning Competencies:

1. Demonstrate understanding on how to operate a computer (LS6DL-

DO-PSBBL/LE/AE/LS/AS-1)
● to turn on a computer ● to turn off/shutdown a computer ● to restart a
computer
2. Explain the procedure of operating other computer peripherals
(LS6DL-DO-PSBLE/AE/LS/AS-2)
● printer ● scanner ● copier/xerox machine ● all-in-one printer ● digital
camera ● USB flash drive ● external hard drive ● Projector/LCD ●
earphone/headset ● microphone/speaker
3. Demonstrate knowledge of installing and opening software programs
(LS6DL-DO-PSBLE/AE/LS/AS-3)
● database programs ● word processors ● Web browsers ●
spreadsheets
4. Identify the different potential problems of a desktop computer
(LS6DL-DO-PSBAE/LS/AS-4)
5. Demonstrate the procedure of troubleshooting basic problems of a
desktop computer (LS6DL-DO-PSBLS/AS-5)
6. Demonstrate how to manage personal files in a computer (LS6DL-
DO-PSBLE/AE/LS/AS-6)
● open/close a file ● edit a file ● save a file ● delete a file ● locate a file ●
search a file ● sort a file ● create a folder ● rename a folder ● delete a
folder ● organize folders ● management directory paths and network
locations ● share folders ● back-up files
Source: Learning Strand 6 Digital Literacy Page 7 of 35 June 2017

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 Please do not write
anything in this
module. Use your
assignment notebook
or answer sheets for
your answers and
outputs.
Illustration: "Computer rigeneriamoci" 
by Rigeneriamoci is licensed
under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Digital Concepts and Digital Operations and Management

K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR THE ALTERNATIVE

LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS-K TO 12) aims to capacitate every ALS
learner to safely and responsibly generate, apply, and share digital
information in multiple formats from a wide range of sources using
computers or mobile devices.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Explain basic concepts related to use of information communication

technologies (ICTs) in an increasingly digital world;
2. Demonstrate knowledge of basic hardware operations, software operations,
and file management in using a computer; and
3. Work effectively using ICT to be able to live as part of the digital world.

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Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your
answers.

1. Define what is meant by Information and Communications Technology using

examples from everyday life.
2. Compare the following:
 20th century ICT and 21st century ICT
 Digital natives and digital migrants
 Supercomputer and microcomputer
 Hardware and software
3. Identify the different types of computer hardware and accessories.
4. Give their respective functions
5. Give the different types of computer software.
6. Give the tasks that computer software is used for.
7. How are you going to turn on a computer; turn off or shutdown a computer;
and restart a computer.
8. Explain the procedure of operating a printer and other computer peripherals.
9. How are you going to install and open a software program?
10. How do you manage personal files in a computer?

Task 1: Define what is meant by information and communications

technology (ICT) using examples from everyday life.

Examples:

Business industries use

computer technology in
communicating with other people
Image: "SKT ICT egloo" by TheBetterDay is to promote their business.
licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

5
 Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) used at work to do
multiple tasks efficiently.

“Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the

technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent
building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission
systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions” (Technopedia,
2019).

Task 2: Compare the experiences of people using technology in the

21st century to those who lived in the 20th century.
Example:
Left: Pay phone, a popular 20th
century wired phone used to
communicate from long distances.

Below: a cassette recorder tape,

used to store media files such as
songs and other audio files.

"Communication Breakdown" by Damian "Cassette Recording Master Tape" by Dean

Gadal is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Terry is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

People in the 21st century

are lucky enough to have
a more advance
information and
communications
technology. Smart phones
and 21st century cars
offer better experience in
terms of efficiency and
6 convenience.
 Image: "jupazip smartphone
mount" by TheBetterDay is licensed under CC BY-
ND 2.0
Fill in the chart in the next page with the right answer.

ICT Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages

20 century
th

(Enero 1, 1901
hangtud
Disyembre 31,
2000) technology
21st century
(Enero 1, 2001
hangtud
Disyembre 31,
2100) technology

Task 3: Explain the Key differences between so-called digital natives

and digital migrants.
Example:

“Those who are born during or after the digital age are
called digital natives” (Unicheck Team, 2015).

This photo was taken last 2016 featuring J. Nemenzo’s daily school routine.

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 “Those who are slowly
adapting to internet and
social media for
entertainment or for work are
called digital immigrants.
In the education world, there
are mixed of immigrants and
natives. More immigrants
immerse themselves in the
digital world” (Unicheck
Team, 2015).

This photo of N. Nemenzo was taken last 2017 during a school meeting.

Task 4: Give examples from daily life of the advantages and

disadvantages of the 21st century in terms of ICT.

Example 1: Digital photo editing and saving digital files allow paperless outputs,
an eco friendly approach.

This example shows an output after

applying a photo editing application
software to several image files. It was a
required output for a webinar.

Example 2: The consequences of constant exposure to digital devices while

working with the digital application/program maybe too much stress and
exposure to ample amount of harmful radiation.

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This photo shows a person using the working environment of Tinkercad, an online building
application. Tinkercad can be used in building digital spotlights and 3D objects that offers wide
range of digital electronic devices for free.

Task 5: Describe the computer and its characteristics.

Example:
“A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or
data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. A person can use a
computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. He
can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and videos”
(GCFGlobal, 2020).

“Laptops are battery-powered computers that

are more portable than desktops, allowing you to use
them almost anywhere” (GCFGlobal, 2020).

Task 6: Identify the different types of computer and their applications

in daily life.

 Supercomputer
Example:

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 The Cray-1 supercomputer, c. 1976. It was
approximately 6 feet high and 7 feet in
“Thunderbird Supercomputer” by SandiaLabs is
diameter (1.8 by 2.1 metres).Courtesy
licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
of Silicon Graphics
“Supercomputer refers to any of a class of extremely powerful
computers. The term is commonly applied to the fastest high-performance
systems available at any given time. Such computers have been used
primarily for scientific and engineering work requiring exceedingly high-
speed computations. Common applications for supercomputers include
testing mathematical models for complex physical phenomena or designs,
such as climate and weather, evolution of the cosmos, nuclear
weapons and reactors, new chemical compounds (especially for
pharmaceutical purposes), and cryptology” (Hosch, 2020)
 Mainframe computer
Example: “Mainframe computer is a big centralized
machine that contains large memory, huge
storage space, multiple high grade
processors, and ultra processing power. It is
important in organization, scientific research,
consumer statistics, and census data,
because it is capable to execute multiple
complex programs concurrently at the ultra
speed” (BANGER, Mainframe computer
“Mainframe” by pchow98 is
licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Definition with their Example, Types, and
 Minicomputer

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 Example:

Source: “Mini Computer And Types of Mini Computers” eiratek.com

“Depending on the capacity and requirement, these minicomputers may house

one or more than one processors, can provide support to multiple users and
tasks, and they have the tenacity to bear heavy workloads. In spite of being
smaller in size than the mainframe or supercomputers, these computers have
more capacity than your personal computers and other workstations” (Eira,
N.D.)

 microcomputer
Example:

“Microcomputer is
known as personal
computer like as small
computer.
Microcomputers are
designed with
microprocessor as well
as it consists single chip
that is CPU (Central
Processing Unit), data
memory (RAM, ROM),
Photo Courtesy of ER R S BANGER and I/O buses; these are
connected on

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the motherboard” (BANGER, What is Micro computer? Its Types, Examples,
and Uses, 2020).

Task 7: List the different types of microcomputer and its use in

everyday life

 desktop computer
 gaming consoles
 sound and navigation of a car
 netbook
 laptop/notebook
 PDA (personal digital assistant)
 Tablet PCs
 Mobile tablets/iPad
 Smartphones
 Calculators

Example 1: Desktop computer

Desktop computer

Some people use Desktop computer to

perform multi digital tasks effectively and
efficiently. This type of computer is
mounted to a desk or table permanently.
Just like laptops and notebook computer,
one can create, open, convert,
manipulate, share, and save files.

Task 8: Identify the parts of a desktop computer.

Example 1: Monitor

“The monitor works with a video

card, located inside the computer
case, to display images and text on the
screen” (Good Will Community
Foundation, 2014).

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Task 9: Explain the functions of each of the parts of a desktop
computer.

Task 10: Explain the difference between computer hardware and

software.

Task 11: Identify the different types of computer hardware

accessories and their respective functions.

Task 12: Identify different types of computer software and the tasks
they are used for.

Task 13: Demonstrate understanding on how to operate a computer:

 Turn on a computer
 Turn off/shutdown a computer
 Restart a computer

Task 14: Explain the procedure of operating other computer

peripherals:
 Printer
 Scanner
 Copier/Xerox machine
 All-in-one printer
 Digital camera
 USB flash drive
 External hard drive
 Projector/LCD
 Earphone/headset
 Microphone/speaker

Task 15: Demonstrate knowledge of installing and opening software

programs :
 Database programs
 Word processors
 Web browsers
 Spreadsheets

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Task 16: Identify the different potential problems of a desktop
computer.

Task 17: Demonstrate how to manage personal files in a computer:

 Open/close a file
Example:
1. You can open a file in Windows using the keyboard of your computer.

Go to this part of the

keyboard. Press both of
these keys simultaneously.
This command is called
Win+E. This action leads
you to the file browser
known as the file
explorer.

2. The file explorer (This is the display you can see in the monitor of your
computer.)

Above image is called the file explorer. The left panel shows the drives of
the computer. Some folders are also shown in this panel.
3. Go to the drive where your file is located. If you are not sure where the
location of your file is, type the name of the file into the search bar which is
located at the top-right corner of the file explorer. An image in the next
page shows a screen shot of a file explorer that indicates the search icon.

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 This is the search bar where you type the name of the file you
are looking for. This display may not be exactly what it looks
like in other versions of Windows. Other versions display This
PC in the left panel, click it then type the file name.

4. Double-click the file to open.

5. If you have already the file opened, and decided to close it, go to the

close icon in the document tab and click it. A pop-up message

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 may ask you to chose save or discard changes. A message may also
ask you whether to cancel or continue closing the file. Select continue.

 Edit a file
 Save a file
 Delete a file
 Locate a file
 Search a file
 Sort a file
 Create a folder
 Rename a folder
 Delete a folder
 Organize folders
 Management directory paths and network locations
 Share folders
 Back-up files

(This is the analysis part of the lesson. In this part of the material, the
student is asked relevant questions in logical manner following the principles of
the GPU (gradual psychological unfolding). Meaning, questions are arranged
from simple to complex that lead to formative assessment.)

Digital Concepts

Question: What is the procedure in the following computer operations?

 Turn on a computer
 Turn off/shutdown a computer
 Restart a computer

Answer:

(Please refer to the next page.)

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 To turn on a computer:

Locate this power button. For desktop or Personal

Computer, you can find it in the front or top of the
computer. For laptop/notebook, you can find it on
the top right corner of the keyboard. In some
minicomputer, this button is located on the back
right corner of the computer. In desktop computer,
you may also need to turn on the monitor.

For Windows 7, go to settings that will appear if

you will place your cursor to the leftmost corner of
the monitor. Click the setting icon.

Choose shut down menu. This

menu only appears after clicking
the power icon which you can see
below the box.

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 Source: (Baired-Parker, 2018)
Step 3: If there is/are still
open documents or running
programs, a message will
notify similar to the image that
you can see at the left side.
You can click cancel and close
the running document(s) or
program(s). Try closing again.
You may also choose Force
shut down or shutdown
anyway menu.
(Baired-Parker, 2018)

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 To restart a computer

 In Windows 10 and 8/8.1, press Ctrl+Alt+Del on the keyboard. This

shortcut won’t work for computer connected to a remote Desktop,
or
 Click the Power icon then a Restart menu will appear. Click
Restart.
 Perform the hardware reboot. If the computer will not restart, press
and hold the power button on the computer until it turns off. Press
the power button again to turn it back on
 On Mac, press Control+

1. Press Eject. This command will close

all open programs and restart your Mac. If you have any unsaved work,
you’ll be prompted to save it before the computer restarts.
Source: (Levine, 2019)

Question:

Compare the experiences of people using technology in the 21 st century to those

who lived in the 20th century.

Answer:

Example:

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The characteristics of technology in the 21st century are highly sophisticated
and complex. The invention of android smart phones, smart television set, digital
cameras, online banking and other financial transactions, public school
computerization programs, installation of more and more satellites in the earth’s
atmosphere, cable TV network, and a lot more are amazing inventions.

Whereas, technology in the 20th century is quite obsolete. Popularly

used pager was used in communication. Text-call-only bulky cellphones of Nokia
was popularly preferred than landline telephones. There was a limited access to
electricity and network connectivity in places far from the highways/main roads.
Transportation and communication was limited. Money transfers took days or
weeks. Teleconferencing or videoconferencing was not popular.

Advantages of the 21st century technology are convenience and

accessibility. One can access any kind of learning resources just by clicking and
surfing. Online shopping and banking is open to all interested and able parties.
New jobs are created. Anybody can access to social media and other platforms.

Advantages of the 20th century technology are upgraded technology from

the obsolete past. Fake news was not rampant. Those who would want to play
sweat and learned to socialize with others. People got virtues of patience and
perseverance to do tasks traditionally.

Disadvantages of the 21st century technology are alarming. Everyone is

vulnerable to scams and cyber abuse. Harmful radiation emissions from gadgets
or devices increase damages in the health of people. Cost of living increases due
to expenses for prepaid loads for cell phones, wifi, television sets, etc.

Disadvantages of the 20th century technology could be brought about by

less sophisticated technology back then. Money transfers, communications, and
transportation technologies were traditional which slowed down livelihood and
productivity of most people.

Question:

List the different types of microcomputer and its use in everyday life.

Answer:

Desktop computer
“It is used for home and enterprise. It is
preferably used because its parts can be
upgraded” (Villas-Boas, 2016).
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“Gaming console is a computer device that
outputs a video signal or visual image to
display a video game that one or more
people can play” (Wikipedia, N.D.).

Sound and navigation of car

guides you through the entire
route, not letting you take a
wrong turn or miss an exit. It
also lets you know if there are
traffic jams or accidents along
selected route” (HomePro
CarVehicle Services, N.D.).

“Netbook is portable, cheaper and

intended for general web browsing
and checking email. It is ideal for
taking notes and doing simple word
processing tasks” (Nardini, 2020).

“A laptop is a personal computer that is

small enough to sit in a person's lap, and
is designed for mobile uses. Also called
notebooks,
21 laptops are smaller, thinner
and lighter than most desktop PCs, and
as of 2011, many laptops included
powerful capabilities that rivaled
 “Personal digital assistant
(PDA) was the precursor to
smartphones. It has a small
physical keyboard, and some
had an electronically
sensitive pad on which
handwriting could be
received. It was for business
use, keeping schedules,
calendars and address book
information. (Rouse, Personal
digital assistant (PDA), 2016)

“A smartphone is a cellular telephone with

an integrated computer and other features.
Many use smartphone to contact friends,
relatives and brands on social media. It is
also useful for health and wellness
tracking, save credit card information when
purchasing items at retail stores, online
study, and a lot more. (Rouse,
Smartphone, 2019)

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 Calculator is a portable electronic device
used to perform calculations from simple
computation to complex mathematics.
Students and teachers use it in teaching
and learning math and science that require
computing. It is indispensable in business
and engineering as well.

The 8 Best Calculators of 20…

thebalance.com

Question:

What are the parts of a desktop computer and its function?

Answer:
The following are the parts of a desktop computer:
 Computer case

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  Monitor

 Keyboard
 Mouse

Source: (Goodwill Community Foundation, Inc, 2020)

Mouse alternatives

 Trackball  Touchpad

Source: (Goodwill Community Foundation, Inc, 2020)

Function of basic computer parts

 The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main
components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing

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 unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off
button and one or more optical drives.

 The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to

display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control
buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some
monitors also have built-in speakers.

 The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer.

There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and
allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks.

 The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers.

Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the
screen, click on them, and move them.

 A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like
a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer.

 Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad

that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.
Touchpads are common on laptop computers.
Source: (Goodwill Community Foundation, Inc, 2020)
Question:
Explain the difference between computer hardware and software and identify
the different types of computer hardware accessories and their respective
functions.

Answer:

“Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your

machine, whereas software is a collection of programming
code installed on your computer's hard drive. In other words,
hardware is something you can hold in your hand, whereas
software cannot be held in your hand. You can touch hardware,
but you cannot touch software. Hardware is physical, and
software is virtual” (Computer Hope, 2020).
 Computer accessories

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Source: (Insight, 2020)

26
27
 Source: (Insight, 2020)

Source: (Insight, 2020)

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Question:
Identify the different types of computer software and the tasks they are used for.

Answer:

“Computer software is programming code executed on a computer processor.

The code can be machine-level code, or code written for an operating system.
An operating system is software intended to provide a predictable and
dependable layer for other programmers to build other software on, which are
known as applications.”  (Study.com, 2020)

“There are two types of software −

 System Software
 Application Software

System software

These software products comprise of programs written in low-level

languages, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System
software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users.
Example:
“Here is a list of some of the most prominent
features of system software −

 Close to the system; Fast in speed

 Difficult to design; Difficult to
understand
:
 Less interactive; Smaller in size
Application software  Difficult to manipulate; etc.” (Tutorials
Point, 2020)

“Application software may consist of a single program, such as Microsoft's

notepad for writing and editing a simple text. It may also consist of a collection of
programs, often called a software package, which work together to accomplish a
task, such as a spreadsheet package.
Examples of Application software are the following −

 Payroll Software
 Student Record Software
 Inventory Management Software
 Income Tax Software

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  Railways Reservation Software
 Microsoft Office Suite Software
 Microsoft Word
 Microsoft Excel
 Microsoft PowerPoint”

Source: (Tutorials Point, 2020)

Digital Operations and Management

Question:

Explain the procedure of operating other computer peripherals:

 Printer

1. “Plug in the printer's power cable and make sure it's turned on.

2. Connect the included cable (usually a USB cable) from
the printer to the computer. ...
3. On your computer, locate the Printer settings. ...
4. Look for the option to Add a printer, then follow
the instructions that appear.
5.
 Now it's time to try printing something!” (GCFGlobal, 2020)
Scanner
 Scanner
“1. Open the scanner and insert the document that is to be scanned
face out;
2. Press the button on the right side of the scanner that has an icon of
a scanner;
3. Click on the scan button on the window.” (Asu.edu, n.d.)

 Copier/Xerox machine
“1. Turn on the photocopier;
2. Put your document on the copier;
3. Select the number of copies;
4. Select the color preference;
5. Select paper size; and
6. Press the copy button.”

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 (Intuity technologies, 2020)

 All-in-one printer
1. Turn on the printer and attach its USB cord to the computer;
2. Select the document/file you want to print; and
3. Select the printer and click print – OK.
4. To scan, follow the steps in scanning.

 Digital camera
“1. Turn the camera on;
2. Insert a memory card;
3. Familiarize yourself with the buttons;
4. Take a few pictures;
5. View your pictures;
6. Transfer your photos to your computer” (Ryan, 2020)

 USB flash drive

“1. Connect the flash drive to the USB port of a computer;
2. Choose an action –
Configure storage settings in the settings;
Open folder to view files in the computer’s File Explorer; or
Take no action.
3. To see the files on your flash drive, fire up File Explorer;
4. In the file explorer, select your flash drive from the list of locations in
the left-hand panel;
5. Drag and drop files between your memory stick and your computer;
6. When you have finished using your flash drive, disconnect it from
the computer by following the procedure by clicking on the small arrow
on the right-hand side of the taskbar, selecting the USB icon, and
choosing Eject from the list of options.”
(Price, 2019)

 External hard drive

“1. Plug it in the computer;
2. Store only what is needed, click and drag your files onto the hard
drive to copy the files;
3. Delete duplicates to free up space for more files;
4. Keep the drive free of dust; and
5. Prepare for a drive failure, when its end comes.”
(Perry, 2020)

 Projector/LCD
“1. Setup the projector facing the screen,

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 and plug the power cord. Set laptop next
to the computer;
2. Plug one end of VGA cable or HDMI
Into the computer 1 in port on the projector;
3. Plug the other end of the VGA or HDMI
cable into your laptop’s monitor port. If you
have a display adapter for your laptop,
connect that to the VGA or HDMI cable before connecting it to your
laptop.
4. Turn on laptop first. Then turn
on
the projector by first turning power
button to, and then push the top
power button. The lamp will take a
minute to warm up and display.
If there is a display problem,
continue to step 5.
Switch monitor.

Source: (Fredonia, N.D.)

Disconnect I Duplicate
5. Set the I Extend
display mode, I Projector
then adjust only resolution to 1024X768.
the laptop’s
6. Right-click on your desktop background and choose Properties or
Graphic Properties

32
(Fredonia, N.D.)
7. “Click APPLY and then OK. If you still do not see a display after
following the instructions, check the source on the projector.

33
 2 different projector button arrangements

Select COMPUTER 1 input

button

Or

Select SOURCE button, use the

arrow keys to select
COMPUTER 1, then push the
enter button.”

(Fredonia, N.D.)

8. “When done using the projector, push the top power button twice to
allow the fan to turn on and cool down before unplugging the power cord.”
(Fredonia, N.D.)
“1. Locate the headphone jack on
 Earphone/headset your computer or speakers. 

If you're using a desktop computer,

your speakers may have a
headphone jack.

2. Plug the headphones firmly

into the headphone jack. Make
sure that the plug is completely
inserted, or the sound may not
come through both ears.”
(WikiHow, 2019)
“3. Locate the microphone jack (optional). If you headphones
include a microphone, it will usually have a separate prong. If the

34
 prong is color-coded, it will be pink. The microphone jack on the
computer is typically located near the headphone jack.

 Older computers may not have a microphone jack. If this is the case, you'll
need a sound card or other digital processor”. (WikiHow, 2019)

 Microphone/speaker
“Connect to audio using computer mic:
1. Connect to the session audio over the internet (VoIP), which allows
you to use a microphone and speakers plugged into your computer
or mobile device.
2. Dial in with your telephone, a feature which is available if enabled
by the organizer.
3. Connect from the desktop app
Ensure that mic and speakers are properly plugged in to the
computer (preferably a USB headset plugged directly into the
computer.
Select computer audio
4. Connect from the Web App
5. Connect from the iOS app
6. Connect from the Android app” (In SUPPORT, N.D.)

Question:
Demonstrate knowledge of installing and opening software programs:

 Database programs
 Word processors
 Web browsers
 Spreadsheets

Installing and operating database programs

“1. Navigate to the location of the Application Virtualization System setup
program on the network, either run this program from the network or
copy its directory to the target computer, and then double-click
Setup.exe.
2. On the Welcome Page, click Next.
3. On the license agreement page, to accept the license agreement,
select I accept the license terms and conditions, and click Next.
4. On the Registering Information page specify the User Name and
Organization information, and then click Next.
5. On the Setup Type page, select Custom and then click Next.”
(Microsoft, 2016)

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 6.” On the Custom Setup page, deselect all Application Virtualization
System components except Application Virtualization Server, and then
click Next.
7. On the Data Server page, type the password, assign an installation
path, save the information, and click Next.
8. Select a name for the database, and then click Next.
9. On the Directory Server screen, enter a domain name and credentials
that Application Virtualization Servers and the Management Web Service
will use to access your domain controller, save this information, and then
click next.
10. On the Administrator Group page, enter the name of a group that will
have Administrator Privileges, save this information, and then click Next.
11. On the Default Provider Group page, enter the complete name of a
group that will control access to applications, save this information, and
then click Next.
12. On the Installation Wizard Completed page, to close the wizard,
click Finish.” (Microsoft, 2016)
13. Run the installed database in your computer.

Installing and operating Web browsers

1. In installing chrome on Windows “download the installation file.

2. If prompted, click Run or Save.
3. If you chose Save, double-click the download to start installing.
4. Start Chrome.
5. Use the browser to access the internet and open html files stored
offline.” (WikiHow, 2019)

Question:

Demonstrate the procedure of troubleshooting basic problems of a desktop

computer.
Answer:

“1. PC overheating. It slows down the whole system and leads to frequent
crashes. Reasons: (1) cooling system isn’t working properly; (2) PC is heating to
the point that cooling system cannot handle it anymore.

2. Dysfunctional USB Port, if USB port stops working, it is not necessary that it
is broken. Ways to fix this issue: (1) Restart the pc; (2) Uninstall USB port driver;
(3) Disable USB selective suspend.” (Haider, 2020)

36
3. “PC keeps disconnecting from WiFi, PC’S network card may not be receiving
full power. Disable Window’s built-in power sever option that gives less
power to the network card.

4. PC beeps
This is a way of telling the user that the motherboard is detecting
problems. Sounds beeps in different rhythms to tell you. The common
problems why PC beeps are: (1) Out of place RAM; or (2) Recently added
hardware-damaged or wrongly installed.

5. PC Fans not working

It could be due to the dirt inside. Open the PC and use a compressed air to
clean up the fans and other components.

6. PC not using a portion of RAM

This is usually due to Windows setting issue. If only 200 to 400MB of RAM is
not being utilized, PC hardware might be using it, and you cannot do anything
about it.

7. Overworking fan
Use SpeedFan app to tell you the running speed of all the fans inside your
PC so you can manage their speed.

8. PC crashes before loading the OS

It is a problem with the RAM or hard disk.

9. PC is not powering on. If there is not even a single lignt in it, then it must be a
problem with the power source.

10. Noisy PC. It is a plea to clean up the PC GPU and CPU.

11. Noisy hard drive, a clicking or grinding sound from the hard drive is a sign
of a near hard drive failure.

12. Blue Screen of Death. It may be due to both software and hardware
problems. It is usually a hardware problem which requires immediate
attention because it is a sign of a big problem.” (Haider, 2020)
Question:

Demonstrate how to manage personal files in a computer such as open or close

file; edit a file; save a file; delete a file; locate a file; search a file; sort a file;

37
create a folder; rename a folder; delete a folder; organize folders; management
directory paths and network locations; share folders; and back-up files

Answer:

 Open a file by double clicking its icon in the file explorer. Another way is
to highlight the icon of the file in the file explorer and right-click. In the
dropdown menu, select open.
 Close a file by clicking the icon. Click save changes if you want to
save last action made.
 Edit a file using its editing tool. Then click save changes.
 Save a file by either pressing simultaneously Control and S of your

keyboard, by clicking the icon, or go to file. In the dropdown

menu, choose save. If it is the first time you save the file, it will prompt you
to provide the destination you want it to be saved. Then click OK.
 Delete a file by pressing simultaneously the shift key and the delete key in
your keyboard. This action will delete the file permanently. Pressing the
only delete key, the file will go to the recycle bin. You can restore it or
empty the recycle bin to delete it permanently. Another way of deleting a
file is by clicking right-click and choose delete in the dropdown menu.
 Locate and search a file by typing its file name on the search bar. You
can also locate a file by navigating to the file explorer where the file is
located.
 Sort files “by name, date modified, and size. Click the appropriate
header to sort.” (Box Support, 2020)
 To create a folder, go to the window. In the blank space, right click, then
choose new in the dropdown menu. Create folder and type the name of
the folder you created. Using the keyboard, press and hold down
simultaneously the Ctrl, Shift, and N keys at the same time.
 Rename a folder by selecting the folder to be renamed. Right-click then
select rename. Type the new name of the folder.
 Delete a folder using the delete key in the keyboard. You can also delete
a folder by selecting it and then right-click. Choose delete.
 Ways of organizing folders “(1) Don’t put files/folders on the desktop;
(2) limit folder creation; (3) Name your files and folders strategically; (4)
Dropbox and File Sync, iCloud Drive or OneDrive, and Google Drive
document sharing” (Duncan, 2019).

38
  Manage directory paths and network locations. In managing directory
paths, “use the File Path Editor to resolve path errors and repath files for
the scene to keep them organized for ease of access.” (Autodesk Help,
2019)
To repath a file using the Repath window, “in the File Path Editor
(Windows > General Editors > File Path Editor), select the file path(s) you want to
change.

Tip: You can select multiple file paths using Ctrl or Shift-click.

1. Click Repath Files.
2. In the Repath window that appears, enter a new file path in the New
Path field manually or click Browse to navigate to a new location.
3. (Optional) If you want to preview the results of the repathing operation
before it is performed, click Preview.
The Actions Preview window appears and displays detailed information about
the impending repathing operation. See Actions Preview window for more
information.

To perform the repathing operation, do one of the following: Click Continue in

the Actions Preview window, then Click Repath Files in the Repath window.
To repath a file using the Auto Resolve window

1. In the File Path Editor (Windows > General Editors > File Path Editor),

select the file path(s) you want to change.
Tip: You can select multiple file paths using Ctrl or Shift-click.
2. Click Auto Resolve.
In the Auto Resolve window that appears, set options to selectively repath
files and nodes and automatically copy files to a specified location. See Auto
Resolve window for more information.

(Optional) If you want to preview the results of the auto resolve operation
before it is performed, click Preview. Click Auto Resolve to perform the auto
resolve operation”. (Autodesk Help, 2019)

 Share folders. The following are the steps In sharing folders in Windows
computer:

1. Right-click on the folder you want to share.

2. Select Give Access to > Specific people.” (Dachis and Long, 2019)

39
 3. “From there, you can choose specific users and their permission level
(whether they can read-only or read/write). After making your selection,
click Share.
4. If a user doesn’t appear on the list, type their name into the taskbar and
hit Add. You can also share with everyone.
5. Click Share.” (Dachis and Long, 2019)

 Back-up files
The following are some of the ways of backing-up files:
Cloud storing and file synchronization services
Online back-up services
Cloning a full disk image
Using external drive
Using CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray Discs
Using USB Flash drive
Network attached storage
Email
Social networks, etc.

(This is the abstraction of the lesson. For this part, the abstraction and/or
generalization of the lesson are given. This is where the activity and analysis parts are
integrated and given deeper meaning. This reinforces what learners know and should
know more. As such, inputs on key concepts are deepened, discussed and clarified,
then summarized.)

Direction: In your notebook, make a graphic organizer demonstrating your

knowledge of the following:
Digital concepts
Basic hardware operations
Software operations, and
File management in using a computer

(Please refer to the example in the next page.)

Example:

40
 -or-

(This is the application part. Application manifests transfer of skills/knowledge gained

into real–life concerns. This is the practical way of how learners use what they have
learned and thinking of new ways on how it can be improved further and therefore is a

41
validation of concepts giving more opportunities to deepen the learning. For the SSLM,
the application activities should be done individually.)

Task 1: In your notebook, explain the following concepts by citing

examples using daily life experiences:
Information and Communications Technology
21st century technology
20th century technology
Digital natives
Digital migrants
Computer and its characteristics
Microcomputer
Desktop computer
Computer hardware and software
Operating a computer
Operating computer peripherals
Installing and opening software programs
Troubleshooting basic problems of a desktop computer
Manage personal files in a computer

I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.

I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.

I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.

42
The posttest. (This is congruent to the lessons/competencies and determines whether
learning objectives are met. Parallel tests are designed to determine the learning
gained.)

I. Digital Concepts

Directions: Please read the questions carefully. Answer short-answer questions

briefly. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. Compare the experiences of people using technology in the 21st

century to those who lived in the 20th century
● characteristics of technologies used
● advantages and disadvantages
2. Explain the key differences between so-called digital natives and
digital migrants
3. Identify the different types of computer and their applications in daily
life
4. List the different types of microcomputer and its use in everyday life
● desktop computer ● gaming consoles ● sound & navigation of a car ●
netbook ● laptop/notebook ● PDA (personal digital assistant) ● tablet PCs
● mobile tablets/iPad ● smartphones ● calculators
5. Identify the parts of a desktop computer
6. Explain the functions of each of the parts of a desktop computer
7. Identify different types of computer hardware accessories and their
respective functions
8. Identify different types of computer software and the tasks they are
used for

II. Digital Operations and Management

Directions: Please read the questions carefully answer short answer questions
briefly. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

9. Demonstrate understanding on how to operate a computer:

● to turn on a computer ● to turn off/shutdown a computer

● to restart a computer

10.Explain the procedure of operating other computer peripherals:

● printer ● scanner ● copier/xerox machine ● all-in-one printer ● digital

43
 camera ● USB flash drive ● external hard drive ● Projector/LCD ●
earphone/headset ● microphone/speaker

Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Digital migrants. This refers to individuals who were born before the onset of
the technology.

Digital natives. This refers to individuals who were born during the arrival of the
technology. They are familiar with the internet and computer programs.

Information and Communication Technology refers to the technology and

activities that deal with the computerization and integration of
telecommunications.

Twentieth (20th) century refers to the century which started from the year 1901
to December 31, 2000

Twenty first (21st) century refers to the century that started from January 1,
2001 to December 31, 2100.

44
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

47
 The Author: Dr. Norlita B. Nemenzo is an Education
Program Specialist deployed for ALS. She has research
publications published in ResearchGate and Academia.

Education: She is a graduate of the following courses:

Aquaculture, Bachelor in Elementary Education, Master of
Arts in Education major in General Science, and Doctor of
Education. She earned units in BS Accountancy and Juris
Doctor.

Work Experience: Prawn hatchery technician, algal laboratory technician, marketing

officer, branch account, clerical/office works, teaching, etc.

Previous Coordinatorship: School ICT coordinator, school statistician, school LRMDS

Coordinator, School LIS Coordinator, School Paper Coordinator, etc.

Quality Assurance Alpha Team

Team Leader: Dr. Donre B. Mira, ALS Supervisor

Member: Mr. Jomar C. Abordo, ALS Mobile Teacher of Bindoy District II.

Beta Quality Assurance Team

Team Leader: Zenaida A. Academia

Evaluator: Ramjel D. Estimar

48