1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom.
2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital.
3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital.
4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell.
5. The fourth
1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom.
2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital.
3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital.
4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell.
5. The fourth
1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom.
2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital.
3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital.
4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell.
5. The fourth
1. The four quantum numbers describe the size, shape, position, and spin of an electron in an atom.
2. The first quantum number, n or the principal quantum number, indicates the main energy level of an electron and determines the overall energy and size of an atomic orbital.
3. The second quantum number, l or the angular momentum quantum number, indicates the subshell type (s, p, d, or f) and determines the shape of an atomic orbital.
4. The third quantum number, ml or the magnetic quantum number, indicates the orientation of an orbital in space within a subshell and determines how many orbitals are in that subshell.
5. The fourth
Transcribers: Shenen H. Gaje Liceo de Cagayan University-Paseo del Rio Campus-College of Pharmacy CHEMISTRY (LEC)
KEYWORDS 1. First Quantum Number: PRINCIPAL QN (n)
Quantum numbers, atomic orbital, size, shape, and n = 1,2,3… (any positive integer; not position/orientation/location of electron decimal, fraction, or zero) indicates relative size and distance of Note: electron determines overall energy of an atomic The presence of charge in an atom is an orbital (AO) indicator that it loses/gains an electron main energy level When an atom loses electron or gives an n value = energy level = larger size = farther electron, it becomes a positive ion (cation) e- (it is directly proportional; as the n values When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a increases, the energy level, size, and negative ion (anion) distance of the e- also increases) An atom gains/loses electron to attain stability The best way to find out the n value is to Example: look at the period where the atom belongs to Example: 1. 11Na +1 H – period 1 Al – period 3 p+ = 11 - The value indicates the highest e- = 10 (+1 indicates that it loses 1 electron; or main energy level of the cation) atom; the period is where the outermost electron can be found -1 2. 17Cl
p+ = 17 e- = 18 (-1 indicates that is gains an electron; anion)
4 QUANTUM NUMBERS
An atom is surrounded by electrons
Shells that surround the nucleus is called atomic orbitals (region in space/ area around nucleus where there is a highest probability of finding an electron) Atomic orbitals/subshells: s, p, d, f 2. Second Quantum Number: ANGULAR In each orbital in each subshell, maximum of 2 MOMENTUM QN (l) electrons can only be accommodated The first three quantum numbers describe the aka Azimuthal QN atomic orbital (size, shape, and values of l = 0 up to n-1 (n limits l) position/orientation/location) Example: The 4th quantum number only describes the Al behavior of electrons (rotation/spin of the n=3 electron – intrinsic property of electrons) l = 0,1,2 (values of l is from 0 up to n-1 and n-1 in this example is 2 (n=3; 3-1=2) [PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers
determines the angular momentum and the
shape of atomic orbital Example: l = 1 = p orbital Atomic orbital s p d f ml = -1, 0, +1 (3 values = 3 orbitals Values of l 0 1 2 3 in p subshell)
Note: In each orbital in each subshell, maximum of 2 electrons can only be accommodated In naming sublevel, include the n value (1s, 3p, etc.)
4. Fourth Quantum Number: ELECTRON SPIN
(ms) – behavior
orientation of the electron magnetic
o s,p,d,f describes the features of the moment/spin atomic spectra and are only used values of ms= ½ or -½ before the quantum numbers ELECTRON s – sharp Fermion - a particle whose spin # is p – principal an odd multiple of ½ d – diffuse Vector – magnitude & direction f – fundamental (up/positive or down/negative) Pauli Exclusion Principle – no two e- can occupy an atomic orbital with 3. Third Quantum Number: MAGNETIC QN (ml) the same set of QN (it will at least differ in the spin) values of ml= -l, 0, l (l limits the ml) Example: l=1 ml = -1, 0, and +1 (values of m l start from -1 and the limit is the value of l; in this example l=1) determines the orientation of an angular momentum vector in a magnetic field/ orientation of the orbital in space the # of ml values = # of orbitals in the subshell [PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers
