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28 Mid Frequency Analysis With Small Signal Models Part 1 25

The document discusses mid-frequency analysis of analog electronics circuits using small signal models. Some key points: 1) DC blocking capacitors are used that act as short circuits for AC signals, allowing analysis without DC sources. 2) Small signal analysis models the active device (transistor) as hybrid parameters - h11, h12, etc. representing input impedance, voltage gain, current gain, output admittance. 3) Current and voltage gains are derived from the hybrid parameters and load resistance, allowing analysis of the circuit's frequency response.

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132 views31 pages

28 Mid Frequency Analysis With Small Signal Models Part 1 25

The document discusses mid-frequency analysis of analog electronics circuits using small signal models. Some key points: 1) DC blocking capacitors are used that act as short circuits for AC signals, allowing analysis without DC sources. 2) Small signal analysis models the active device (transistor) as hybrid parameters - h11, h12, etc. representing input impedance, voltage gain, current gain, output admittance. 3) Current and voltage gains are derived from the hybrid parameters and load resistance, allowing analysis of the circuit's frequency response.

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Analog Electronics

Mid Frequency Analysis


with Small Signal Models
Part 1
ABOUT ME : SANJAY RATHI
▪ 19 Years' Teaching Experience
▪ AIR-16 (ESE 2005), AIR-21 (ESE 2008)
▪ Mentored more than 1 Lakh Students
▪ Area of Expertise:
Network Theory, Digital, Control, EDC, Analog
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Mid Frequency Analysis

• Cb1 & Cb2 are called DC blocking capacitors.

• There value is very high so that they act as


a short circuit for AC.

• During AC analysis all sources should be


zero.
✓ Voltage sources: Short circuited
✓ Current sources: Open circuited
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Mid Frequency Analysis

• We require DC to keep circuit in active


region but for gain calculation we don’t
require DC voltage.

• So, during AC analysis we will not consider


VBE, ICQ, VCE etc.

• So AC analysis is also called small signal


analysis.
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

AC Load Line

• The slope of AC load line is less than that


of DC load line.

• If we neglect early effect for IB line will be


linear & βac = βdc.

• When we consider early effect, then βac ≠


βdc.
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Hybrid Parameter

𝑣1 = ℎ11 𝑖1 + ℎ12 𝑣2
𝑖2 = ℎ21 𝑖1 + ℎ22 𝑣2

= input impedance with output Short circuit

= Reverse voltage gain with input open circuit

= Forward current gain with output short circuit

= output admittance with input open circuit


Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Hybrid Parameter

▪ ℎ11 , ℎ12 , ℎ21 , ℎ22 dimensionally they are


not alike hence called hybrid parameters.

▪ ℎ11 = ℎ𝑖 , ℎ12 = ℎ𝑟 , ℎ21 = ℎ𝑓 , ℎ22 = ℎ𝑜

𝑣1 = ℎ𝑖 𝑖1 + ℎ𝑟 𝑣2
𝑖2 = ℎ𝑓 𝑖1 + ℎ𝑜 𝑣2

▪ The given circuit is AC equivalent circuit or


small signal model at low frequency.
▪ The disadvantage of hybrid parameters is
that they all are temperature sensitive.
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Current gain (AI)


𝐼 ℎ𝑓
• 𝐴𝐼 = − 2 =−
𝐼1 1+ℎ𝑜 𝑅𝐿
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Voltage Gain (AV)


𝑉0 𝐴𝐼 𝑅𝐿
• 𝐴𝑉 = =
𝑉𝑖 𝑅𝑖
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

• Overall voltage gain (Avs)

𝐴𝑣 𝑅𝑖
𝐴𝑣𝑠 =
𝑅𝑖 +𝑅𝑠

• Overall current gain (AIs)

𝐴𝐼 𝑅𝑠
𝐴𝐼𝑠 =
𝑅𝑖 +𝑅𝑠
Mid Frequency Analysis with Small Signal Models Part 1

Output Resistance
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑓
• 𝑌𝑜 = ℎ𝑜 −
𝑅𝑠 +ℎ𝑖

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