CHANDARIA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

SEMESTER: FALL 2021

COURSE CODE/TITLE: PROJECT MANAGEMENT BUS4005-A

TYPE OF ASSESSMENT: GROUP PROJECT (6)

LECTURER: DR. PAUL WACHANA

STUDENT INFORMATION: Maina, Elizabeth Mukami 659606

Guy Schafrad Tibamwemba 659640

Mwaitete, Sarah Lupakisyo 660758

Kituke, Priscilla Museo 662320

Njung’e, Keziah Murugi 662474

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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_____________________________________________________- 4 -
Purpose___________________________________________________________________- 4 -
Summary_________________________________________________________________- 4 -
Conclusion________________________________________________________________- 5 -
INTRODUCTION____________________________________________________________- 6 -
Background of Project______________________________________________________- 6 -
Problem Statement_________________________________________________________- 6 -
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION________________________________- 7 -
Purpose of the Project_______________________________________________________- 7 -
Project Overview___________________________________________________________- 8 -
Team Members and Responsibilities___________________________________________- 9 -
Project Boundaries________________________________________________________- 10 -
Project Deliverables_______________________________________________________- 10 -
PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING____________________________________- 11 -
Work Breakdown Structure_________________________________________________- 11 -
Budgeting________________________________________________________________- 12 -
Risk management_________________________________________________________- 14 -
Health and safety hazards__________________________________________________- 14 -
Budget overrun__________________________________________________________- 14 -
Security risks____________________________________________________________- 14 -
Modification risks________________________________________________________- 15 -
FUNDRAISNG STRATEGY PLAN_____________________________________________- 15 -
1. Costing________________________________________________________________- 15 -
2. Fundraising strategy_____________________________________________________- 15 -
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.______________________________________________- 16 -
PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY_________________________________________________- 18 -
Financial sustainability____________________________________________________- 19 -
Environmental___________________________________________________________- 19 -
Social__________________________________________________________________- 20 -
MONITORING AND EVALUATION___________________________________________- 20 -
Purpose of the plan________________________________________________________- 20 -
Logical Framework________________________________________________________- 21 -

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 SINGLE BEDROOM HOUSE RENOVATION PROJECT PLAN

Zuri Interiors LTD

Kitusuru, Nairobi - Kenya

Submission by Group 6:

Elizabeth Maina, Dennis Njoroge, Guy Schafrad, Sarah Mwaitete, Priscilla Kituke and Keziah
Njung’e

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 0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
0.1. Purpose
Zuri Interiors was founded and established in the year 2017 in Nairobi Kenya; a brand that sought
to bridge the gap in the interior design industry in Kenya. After conducting a thorough market
research, the team was able to locate specific target areas that were not well satisfied by the
existing firms in the industry and thus, Zuri Interiors could base their niche on those very
principles. The industry was lacking in that the designs most firms offered would not be executed
in good time, causing friction between the clients and the service providers, an inability to meet
the quality demands of the customers and spaces were created that did not satisfy the long-term
practical needs of the living and working environments of the clients.

As a result, our firm’s foundational pillars are based on an alliteration of three T’s: Taste, Time
and Tangibility.

0.2. Summary
The vision for Zuri Interiors is to stand out in the industry as a firm that is not only reliable and
exquisite, but also as one that exceeds the expectations of our clients. The core activities of our
firm include consultancy, design and bridging the gap between the client and the contractors, thus
enhancing the convenience of all remodeling and renovations processes, as well as the minor
adjustments that clients would like to make of their spaces.

Through the aforementioned set of activities, Zuri Interiors personnel can foster constructive
relationships with the clients, by use of open and consistent communication and working side by
side with the clients at each stage of the renovation process. This is a proficient tool for quality
control and assurance, as the client is able to communicate their reservations and potential change
of opinions before the job is complete; this is good for damage control and results in a significant
reduction of repairing costs.

Additionally, at Zuri we employ the use of technology which grants our clients 3D vision of their
mission before making a final decision. The design software used can put together the layout of
the proposed design and thus before placing a heavy investment in the renovation, the client is
very clear on the layout and the outcome that will ensue.

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 0.3. Conclusion
By the end of the project, all parties involved should be satisfied with its undertaking and
outcome. Contractors will be paid in the due time with the help of a clear credit period and the
client’s payment plan. The client’s dream space would have been actualized within the agreed
timeframe and with exceptional quality having merged the client’s taste and the designer’s
expertise. Lastly, the reputation of Zuri Interiors will be upheld, gradually increasing clientele
base and subsequently, our market share in the industry. More so, the essential demand for
satisfactory function, appealing aesthetic and precision in style should be achieved.

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1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of Project

Our clients are newlyweds who purchased and settled into their home in mid-2018. With the
onset of the pandemic, they discovered that there is a need to reevaluate and reorganize their
home in a way that fosters living and working comfort for them both, especially with the
likelihood of prolonged remote work. While that serves their present need, they are consulting
our experts to help them make informed decisions of the complimentary additions to their home
that will outlive the passing trends and withstand the test of time.

As the name suggests, ‘Zuri Interiors’ is an interior design company whose aim is to transform
living spaces and corporate workstations into pleasant, fresh and welcoming rooms to dwell in.
Our vision is to be a reputable, desirable and sustainable interior design firm in Kenya, and
within the global arena and our mission is to create spaces that are experiences; yielding a body
of satisfied clients that testify to the calm, sophistication of the style of our skillful design.

1.2. Problem Statement

The statement of our project scope is to transform a single bedroom apartment (30 x 24 = 720
square feet) which consists of a living room, kitchen, pantry, washroom, bedroom and storage
frames – ton be completed within 2 months, one of those months being preparation heavy and the
other focused on the operations. Their preferred interior style is a predominant Scandinavian feel
with a touch of modern aesthetic, with a keen interest to create an illusion of spaciousness and
allow room for plenty of natural lighting. By the end of the project, we hope to have increased the
client’s comfort, safety and efficiency in the house.

While the renovation will be ongoing, the clients will not be living within the premises due to the
speed at which the work will be undertaken, the size of the space of the home as well as to avoid
the potential health hazards that may come about whilst living in a construction site.

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Diagram for the general structure of the project.

2.0. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION

2.1. Purpose of the Project
Zuri Interiors design works towards increasing the clients’ home comfort by fixing safety issues,
enhancing convenience and bringing the house to the latest technical standards hence improving
home’s function and style. This increases efficiency at home in such a way that the client could
easily rent or sell out the house in the future. Our intervention through this project will increase
the house’s value and guarantee the customer's satisfaction.

We create different types of modern interior design styles which include but are not limited to:

1. Mid-Century, a modern home fashion which lends itself to a clean, organized lifestyle.
2. Eclectic design, a mix of trends, time periods, colors, patterns, and textures all into one
space.

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 3. Modern Industrial which focuses on the character of a space rather than the look of the
furniture. 
4. Transitional design, which borrows elements from both traditional and modern design to
create a middle ground of style and comfort. This interior design style is all about creating
a sense of balance between heavy, ornate pieces and sleek, modern pieces.
5. Modern Farmhouse, which we use to blend a cozy farmhouse feel with the clean lines of
contemporary design. This look gives the look and feel of a cozy country home without
kitschy patterns and decor. It is most ideal to a slower-paced lifestyle that is focused on
being with family and friends.
6. Scandinavian style interiors, which focuses on minimalism and functionality; a blend of
white and pastel color palette that is reminiscent of nature and a furniture selection that is
simple, or gently adorned with clear lines.

2.2. Project Overview

This home renovation project is set to first, intricately pan out its plan, layout and design and
ensure that each of the procedures are actualized in the allocated timeframe. All the resources
required for the reconstructions shall be supplied by a trusted outsourced contractor that shall be
settled on after reviewing the implementation bids as well as the quotations given by to other
construction agencies. The quotations given by the vying contractors should outline in detail the
costs associated with equipment, labor and other necessary material required to complete the task.
Our clients will be walked through the options that shall come up so enable them to make an
informed decision as they settle with their preferred budget offer.

The key activities that shall be undertaken in the course of this process are some necessary
demolitions, mechanical and electrical installations, painting, flooring, cabinetry, plumbing and
the installation of furniture and other additional ornaments for the enhancement of aesthetic.

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 2.3. Team Members and Responsibilities

Project Manager: Sarah L. Mwaitete.

Oversees the project from start to finish and ensure client satisfaction in terms of the design and
timely completion. Her presence in the construction site is of necessity, as a means of damage
control and to ascertain the clients that their preferences and demands are being respected and
actualized as such.

Resource Manager: Guy Schafrad

Coordinates organizations resources such as finances, human skills, production, information

technology, inventory and other resources for the development of the project, working closely
with the project manager to ensure that all the plans and procedures run as seamlessly as possible.

Logistics and Co-ordination: Mwangi Njoroge

Oversees the supplies and resource mobilization as well as their allocation. He is also in charge of
making external negotiations with necessary parties.

Design Manager: Priscilla Kituke

Create and oversee the architectural and aesthetics elements of the design process and renovation.
Given her technical and design expertise, she works closely with the clients to create the digital
representation of the style they intend to adopt in their home.

Finance Manager: Elizabeth Maina

In charge of budget formulation, regulation and monitoring; all necessary payments that ought to
be made are channeled under her leadership, as well as other monetary follow-ups that should be
handled.

Administrative Personnel: Keziah Njung’e

Coordinating company activities i.e. interacting with (new) clients, dispersing information and
communicating the clients desire. All the necessary communication in regards to our brand image
and holding the fort at our organization establishment will be overseen by her.

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 2.4. Project Boundaries
Inclusions

As mentioned prior, our jurisdiction in this project revolve around the planning, design,
demolition, construction, commission, cleaning and returning feedback to the customer, as well
as deliver to them a completed project.

Exclusions

Once the project is complete, the maintenance procedures that follow shall not be the firm’s
responsibility as the project was fully yielded to the clients at the point of completion.

2.5. Project Deliverables

 Home renovation project plan and design layout

 Living area flooring
 Kitchen cabinets
 Wardrobe
 Ceiling board
 Wall paints
 Painting installation
 Lighting equipment
 Furniture and cushioning
 Carpet
 Curtains
 Sound system and speakers

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3.0. PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
3.1. Work Breakdown Structure

Work Breakdown Structure is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be

executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required
deliverables. The work breakdown structure below is broken down into four main tasks which are
further broken down to sub-level tasks.

1.1: Planning

1.1.1. Design
1.1.2. Budget
1.1.3. Sourcing raw material

1.2: Demolition

1.1.1. Tile flooring

1.1.2. Kitchen cabinets
1.1.3. Wardrobes
1.1.4. Ceiling

1.3: Construction

1.1.1. Wooden flooring

1.1.2. Ceiling refurbishing
1.1.3. Kitchen Cabinets
1.1.4. Bathroom tiles

1.4: Interior Decorating

1.1.1. Wall painting

1.1.2. Furniture
1.1.3. Lighting
1.1.4. Carpet fitting
1.1.5. Sound system
1.1.6. Curtains

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The table below shows information about the tasks to be executed by the project. The first
column describes the activity, followed by its description, then finally, the precedence associated
with the task and task duration.

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRECEDENCE DURATION

(DAYS)
A Design and budgeting 3
B Sourcing raw material A 2
C Tile flooring demolition B 1
D Wardrobes demolition B 1
E Ceiling demolition B 3
F Kitchen cabinets demolition B 1
G Wooden flooring construction C 3
H Ceiling refurbishing construction D,E 4
I Kitchen Cabinets construction F 1
J Bathroom tiles construction G 1
K Wall painting H, I, J 4
L Curtains K 1
M Carpet fitting L 2
N Furniture decoration M 2
O Lighting N 1
P Sound system O 1

3.2. Budgeting

The house owners are fully responsible for the funding of the renovation. The total estimated
budget for the house renovation project is Ksh. 1,300,000 and detailed below.

Description Estimate Actual

demolition 40 000,00 KES 30 000 KES
construction 300 000,00 KES 340 000 KES

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floor tiles 180 000,00 KES 160 000 KES
ceiling materials 130 000,00 KES 128 000 KES
paint 50 000,00 KES 42 000 KES
curtains 25 000,00 KES 25 000 KES
carpet 30 000,00 KES 30 000 KES
furniture 320 000,00 KES 300 000 KES
lighting 50 000,00 KES 50 000 KES
sound system 45 000,00 KES 35 000 KES
clean up 30 000,00 KES 25 000 KES
planning and
design 100 000,00 KES 100 000 KES
Total 1 300 000 KES 1 265 000 KES

The chart below shows the comparison between the estimated budget and the actual budget

Budget breakdown
400 000.00 KES
350 000.00 KES
300 000.00 KES
250 000.00 KES
200 000.00 KES
150 000.00 KES
100 000.00 KES
50 000.00 KES
0.00 KES
on
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Estimate Actual

3.3. Risk management

Project risk management is the process of identifying, analyzing and responding to any risk that
arises over the life cycle of a project to help the project remain on track and meet its goal. A risk

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is anything that could potentially impact your project’s timeline, performance or budget. Risks
are potentialities. A risk is any event that could prevent the project from progressing as planned,
or from successful completion. The ones in our renovation project are identified below

3.3.1. Health and safety hazards

Workers safety should be a priority in a renovation project, especially as it involves
construction. Unexpected hazards can crop up at any time creating unexpected project
risks. Major accidents can result in serious injuries or fatalities to your employees.
Furthermore, a serious accident can cause work to be stopped or delayed and lead to a
decrease in productivity due to low morale among your workers. To avoid safety hazards,
we have to make sure at the start of the project that the contractor understands the
commitment to safety and provide training to employees about safe work practices for the
various activities and tasks being performed and the selection and proper use of personal
protective equipment before beginning work.

3.3.2. Budget overrun

The process of renovation can uncover chocking surprises behind walls or under floors
that may not have been anticipated while budgeting. Such circumstances can lead to a
budget overrun which can significantly impact a project. To prevent the cost overrun the
project team has to identify every issue found in the project and prevent it from growing
into a bigger problem. Also, the project team has to identify the odds and ensuring that the
project is done within its timeline and budget.

3.3.3. Security risks

In the absence of enhanced security during the course of renovation, the house and the
expensive materials stored onsite may become attractive targets for thieves. Any loss of
materials will result to an increase in expenses as the lost item will have to be
repurchased. The project team has to ensure that renovation site is well guarded to prevent
such cases.
3.3.4. Modification risks
Modifications are very likely to occur when working on a renovation project. When
managed poorly, they can create extra expenses that can lead to a cost increase in the

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 budget. To avoid this, the project manager should regularly asses the project budget and
update it through the life of the project.

4.0. FUNDRAISNG STRATEGY PLAN

4.1. Costing

The total cost the house renovation project is estimated at Kes 1,300,000 and broken down as
follow

Description Estimate
Demolition 40 000,00 KES
Construction 300 000,00 KES
Floor tiles 180 000,00 KES
Ceiling materials 130 000,00 KES
Paint 50 000,00 KES
Curtains 25 000,00 KES
Carpet 30 000,00 KES
Furniture 320 000,00 KES
Lighting 50 000,00 KES
Sound system 45 000,00 KES
Clean up 30 000,00 KES
Planning and
design 100 000,00 KES
Total 1 300 000 KES

4.2. Fundraising strategy

Zuri interior has opted to raise money for the house renovation though a bank loan. The
house renovation will be founded by a loan from the family bank which offers Construction
unsecured loan for residential housing and offered the best rates compared to other banks. Zuri
interior is to get a loan of Kes 1.3 Million, refundable in five years with an annual interest rate of
12%. At this rate the monthly repayment amount will be Kes 28,918 with a total repayment

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 amount of Kes 1,735,067. Since the loan is unsecured, we don’t have to use the house as
collateral to qualify for such a loan and the money borrowed will be deposited directly into Zuri
interior’s bank account.

5.0. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.

 This is where Zuri Interiors realize their design concept and make it come to reality on time and
within the budget. Zuri Interiors implements its vision of standing out in the industry as a firm
that is not only reliable and exquisite, but also as one that exceeds the expectations of our clients
based on the harmonious composition dependent on the style of choice developed to meet
modern requirements. We use project implementation tasks schedule to work through the
implementation process and this tasks includes the following:

1.  Leading the project team members 

The Zuri interior design’s team works together to bring out desirable results. With the help of our
project manager we work together and make realistic decisions that will bring out impressive
results to clients’ satisfaction. We prefer a design of space, elegance and blending color range.

2.  Finding the necessary resources 

Our administrative personnel with help of the resource manager, will ensure that the resources to
be purchased are of good quality which will give us quality outcome, matching to the stated
requirements.

3.  Negotiating for materials, supplies and services 

After finding the appropriate resources to purchase, our financial manager will negotiate for the
materials on behalf of the client while the logistics and co-ordination personnel ensure a prompt,
successful delivery.

4.  Managing project resources effectively 

The resource manager with the help of the design manager then decides how available materials
will be used accordingly.

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5.  Managing project quality requirements 

We assure quality outcomes so quality requirements are fulfilled to the maximum.

6.  Resolving conflict or differences among the project team and other stakeholders

To avoid or resolve conflict, the project manager seeks to accommodate and consider ideas from
the team. We advance each other’s weak ideas into a wholesome thought.

7.  Controlling and monitoring work in progress 

The project manager works as a frontline person toward the project’s goal, and thus will control
and monitor the project as it continues and demand for quality results from the team.

8.  Communicating with stakeholder

Active communication with the clients is of necessity, in order to combat any potential issues at
the onset of the discovery. This way, immediate action can be taken.

9.  Providing feedback to stakeholders

The aftermath of the project is used to recommend or disapprove the project.

All of the above will be made possible after work stages are over. This is known as executing
already planned guides. We therefore put together our guide into 9 interior design work stages
which are:

1. Practicability as an initial stage of the project with invents like studies of the site or property.
We also find out more about you and your design ambitions for the project along with your times
given and the budgets. This makes working with you to build your design preferences easy. 

2. Idealizing stage is the beginning of the creative process. Our architecture develops layouts for
your property to investigate finishes, decide design styles and the way will blend and influence
the whole design.

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3. Design development, in this stage we get into the details of the scheme. We will
summarize the internal layouts and specify key finishes and materials for the floors, walls,
furniture all together we also define the lighting concepts.

4. Technical design stage, here we prepare a fully-detailed, technical construction pack for the
project, including all the proposed new details for the build.

5. Production stage, here we develop fully detailed finishes schedules and specifications for
every area in the property, designing out joinery, sanitary and electrical requirements for the
Tender process.

6. Tender stage We work together as your design team on advising you the best form of contract
and later develop the construction program.

7. Mobilization of resources, we will undertake workshops and review the design proposals with
assisting them in mobilizing resources as required. 

8. Construction stage, we will work closely with the contractors and supply chain to achieve the
successful implementation of our design.

9. Implementation conclusion; as the project concludes we visit the site to inspect all the
works and assist the project manager on preparing and issuing the practical completion certificate
as the implementation process ends.

6.0. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable renovation refers to ambitions to fulfill the dimensions of environmental, social

and economic sustainability in changes to buildings. It can also refer to using recycled, upcycled
or green materials while renovating. In the context of climate change and reducing reliance on
fossil fuels, the sustainable renovation of existing buildings offers the greatest potentials to lower
emission and reduce energy use. A sustainable renovation will likely provide a cleaner lifestyle,
thanks to the use of non-toxic materials and save money in the long run, despite the upfront costs,
by choosing materials and strategies that will lower utility bills and reduce maintenance and

18
replacement costs moving forward. Below are the factors to consider in a sustainable house
renovation.

6.1. Financial sustainability

Financial sustainability describes the ability of the project to survive financially. Sustainable
renovation offers a number of economic or financial benefits, which are relevant to a range of
different people or groups of people. These include cost savings on utility bills for tenants or
households (through energy and water efficiency); lower construction costs and higher property
value for building developers; increased occupancy rates or operating costs for building owners;
and job creation. Sustainable renovation is sometimes criticized for using expensive materials,
but green buildings are often considered more valuable than traditional ones.

For the project to fit within the budget the project team has to identify what they can salvage and
re-use beforehand. Not only is this eco-friendly, but it will save money in the end. In addition to
that, they should recycle material that you cannot use. Ensure your builders separate and
recycle all waste coming from the renovation including masonry, concrete, wood and metals.
Re-facing instead of replacing is very important for a project to survive financially. Find ways to
salvage what is already yours to help your budget remain conservative does not only save money
but also time and energy.

6.2. Environmental

One of the most important benefits sustainable renovation offers is to our climate and the natural
environment. It does not only reduce or eliminate negative impacts on the environment, by using
less water, energy or natural resources, but it positively impacts the environment by consuming
less energy and increasing biodiversity. 

To ensure environmental sustainability, the project team should select building materials with
the least environmental impact. Furthermore, when purchasing new appliances, the project team
should look for those that are the most energy efficient. The team should also repurpose items
and materials to prevent unnecessary purchases for the home upgrades. Saving natural resources
and reducing the emissions from the manufacturing and transportation of these materials does the
environment a huge favor. Many green products and materials are also more durable and
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effective compared to non-sustainable products. Before remodeling the home, the project team
should think strategically about what to deconstruct instead of demolishing, and what items to
keep. Demolition has an immense impact on the environment due to material waste. Thinking
sustainably ahead of time can save you money by minimizing your long list of materials to buy
and reduce waste.

6.3. Social

Sustainable renovation goes beyond economics and the environment, and have been shown to
bring positive social impacts too. Many of these benefits are around the health and wellbeing of
people who work or live in sustainably built houses. The project team should focus on renovating
a house which are not only good for the environment, but also support healthier, happier and
more productive lives. The project team should take into consideration the concrete difficulties of
living such as; lack of storage space, noise, lack of protection against heat and wind, etc.

7.0. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Project monitoring is a continuous process of tracking project progress against planned activities.
It focuses on short term activities and results and provides feedback to stakeholders for ongoing
learning.
The plan provides guidance on how project design, monitoring and evaluation can better
incorporate the single house renovation project.
7.1. Purpose of the plan

Our clients are newlyweds who discovered that there is a need to reevaluate and reorganize their
home in a way that fosters living and working comfort for them both. While that serves their
present need, they are consulting our experts to help them make informed decisions of the
complimentary additions to their home that will outlive the passing trends and withstand the test
of time.
Project summary
Starting Date
Duration 2 Months
Beneficiaries Zuri Interiors LTD

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 Cost 1 300 000 KES
Funding Source Bank loan
Goal SINGLE BEDROOM HOUSE
RENOVATION PROJECT PLAN

Change of Style
If you feel that your house is not as modern as you would like it to be and needs new upgrades,
home renovation can help. You could hire a renovation contractor to guide you by providing the
latest examples of modern bathrooms and kitchens. All you need to do is determine what you
want and discuss with the professionals to come up with the best possible approach.
Increase Space
If you feel that your house is too small, an excellent way to add more space is to renovate your
basement. This can serve as an extra room for your family, or you could also rent it out for
additional income. Hiring professionals offering renovation services can help you get the most
out of it.
Improve the Functionality of Your House
Home remodeling allows you to customize your home to your preferences and needs. It is an
excellent opportunity to create a comfortable space and make it more useful and enjoyable. There
is a myriad of choices available when it comes to custom home renovation, such as creating a
home theatre, updating a bathroom with beautiful upgrades, finishing your basement, and more.
Working with a professional can help you narrow down the choices and get the best results
within your budget.

7.2. Logical Framework

FOCUS AND OBJECTIVES

First, intricately pan out its plan, layout and design and ensure that each of the procedures
are actualized in the allocated timeframe.
PROJECT INDICATOR MEANS OF RISKS AND
SUMMARR S VERIFICATION ASSUMPTIO
Y N N
GOALS First, Leading the
intricately pan project team
out its plan, members
layout and Negotiating
design and for materials,
ensure that supplies and
each of the services
procedures

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 are actualized
in the
allocated
timeframe.
OUTCOME 1. Change of
S Style
2. Improve
the
Functionality
of the house
3. Enhance
Your Property
Value
4. Lower
Your Energy
Costs
5. Increase
Space

OUTPUTS 1. Living
area flooring
2. Kitchen
cabinets
3. Wardrobe
4. Ceiling
board
5. Wall paints
6. Painting
installation
7. Lighting
equipment
8. Furniture
and
cushioning
9. Carpet
10. Curtains
ACTIVITIE 1. Planning
S which entails;
design,
budget and
sourcing raw
materials.

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