GC Unit 3

GREEN COMPUTING
UNIT III
SUBJECT CODE:CS8078
Dr. P. Chitra
D E PA RT M E N T / C L A S S : I T / I V
Department of Information Technology
SEMESTER:07 Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College
UNIT III GRID FRAMEWORK
TOPICS
1. Virtualization of IT systems
2. Role of electric utilities
3. Telecommuting, teleconferencing and teleporting
4. Materials recycling
5. Best ways for Green PC
6. Green Data center
7. Green Grid framework.
DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1.Virtualization of IT systems

VIRTUALIZATION OF IT SYSTEMS

VIRTUALIZATION OF IT SYSTEMS
 Science of emulating a hardware functionality within a software system – creating a virtual version of
a physical systems such as hardware platforms, storage and network resources
 Hardware resources are logically distributed between software applications that can consume the
computing power
 Virtualization lets organizations operate hundreds of servers in the same way they operate a few
server machines

Virtualization architecture
• Virtualization architecture is a conceptual model
specifying the arrangement and interrelationships of
the particular components involved in delivering a
virtual -- rather than physical -- version of something,
such as an operating system (OS), a server, a storage
device or network resources
• Virtualization is commonly hypervisor-based.
• The hypervisor isolates operating systems and
applications from the underlying computer hardware

hypervisor
• Hypervisors make it possible to use more of a system’s
available resources and provide greater IT mobility
two main hypervisor types,

A type 1 hypervisor acts like a lightweight operating system
and runs directly on the host’s hardware, while a
type 2 hypervisor runs as a software layer on an operating

system, like other computer programs.

Benefits of Virtualization:
• Server Consolidation
• Energy consumption
• Better availability
• Disaster recovery

Consolidation and Virtualization
• Leveraging existing IT Assets like Servers, Storage and Network resources.
• Increasing the efficiency of IT Professionals through centralized simplified
management.
• Improving Availability and Ensuring Business Continuity.
• Defeat Data Center sprawl and Infrastructure underutilization.

Server Consolidation
• Server consolidation is the process of migrating
network services and applications from multiple
computers to a singular computer.
• This consolidation can include multiple physical
computers to multiple virtual computers on one host
computer.
• Efficient usage of computer server resources in order to
reduce the total number of servers.


• Traditional "one workload, one box" approach to server provisioning, most
servers operate at just 5 to 15 percent of their total load capacity, which results
in over-provisioning and under-utilization
• Consolidating your hardware means that you need fewer servers in your data
center, which means you will spend less on hardware and maintenance and less
on energy for power and cooling.

Consolidating resources offers several benefits, such as:
1. Decrease in cooling and electrical costs
2. Reduction in server load growth and data center expansion
3. Reduction in warranty and licensing costs
4. Purchasing power of commodity hardware as opposed to specialized
hardware
5. Business agility with the ability to leverage cloud and shared
infrastructure

Storage Consolidation
1. Storage Consolidation, also called storage convergence is a method of centralizing
data storage among multiple servers.
2. The objective is to facilitate data backup and archiving for all subscribers in an
enterprise, while minimizing the time required to access and store data.
3. Other desirable features include simplification of the storage infrastructure,
centralized and efficient management, optimized resource utilization, and low
operating cost

Server Virtualization
• Server Virtualization is the portioning of a physical server into smaller virtual servers.
• In server virtualization the resources of the server itself are hidden, or masked, from
users, and software is used to divide the physical server into multiple virtual
environments, called virtual or private servers.
• One common usage of this technology is in webservers. Virtual Web Servers are a
popular way of providing low-cost web hosting services.
• Instead of requiring a separate computer for each server, dozens of virtual servers can
co-reside on the same computer.

Server Virtualization

Storage Virtualization:
• Storage Virtualization is the amalgamation of multiple network storage
devices into what appears to be a single storage unit.
• Storage virtualization is often used in Storage Area Network (SAN), a
high speed sub network of shared storage devices.
• The management of storage devices can be tedious and time-
consuming.
• Storage Virtualization helps the storage administrator perform the tasks
of backup, archiving, and recovery more easily, and in less time, by
disguising the actual complexity of the SAN.
• Users can implement virtualization with software applications or by
using hardware and software hybrid appliances.
• The technology can be placed on different levels of a storage area
network.

Virtualization to Promote Green Computing:
Advantages of virtualization which directly impacts efficiency and contribute to the
environment include:
1. Planned downtime is eliminated by migrating a virtual machine from one physical

server to another.
2. Dynamically balanced workloads across a server group and provide automatically
failover for virtualized applications.
3. Resource allocation is better managed and maintained.
4. Virtualization exponentially increases a server group’s ability to share utility.
5. Server utilization rates can be increased by up to 80% as opposed to an initial 10 to
15%.

• If you are going to need more capacity and functionality in the future, then you will need
a virtualized solution, not just a consolidated one.
• With consolidation, you will still need to deploy more integrated appliances throughout
your network in order to scale, bringing us back to the scalability limitations of
consolidation
• Virtualized products, which are currently available, allow you to deploy multiple instances
of multiple services all from the same appliance by pooling IT resources and allocating
specific tasks as needed.
• We have to make sure the product has high availability features to maximize uptime, as
well as appropriate management consolidation features to accompany the consolidation
of functions.
• Consolidation is an effort to reduce the cost of a technology by improving its operating

efficiency and effectiveness
• Virtualization seeks to maximize the value (in terms of both CAPEX and OPEX) of a
technology through increased automation, scalability and the ability to offer multiple
functions or services from a single platform.
Data Center consolidation and virtualization
• Both consolidation and virtualization can simplify certain aspects of today's complex data
centers, and increase its productivity.
• Consolidation allows you to increase the performance of each device, while virtualization
enables you to offer multiple services from each device.
• The difference here is the potential to replace five devices with one using consolidation,
or to replace varying types of devices with one using virtualization.
• One of the key advantages of the new data center is the ability to centralize your IT efforts
around core technologies and business principles.
• consolidating your operations so that they can be better managed, and another aspect
involves standardizing the nature of these technologies so that they can be better
utilized.
• virtualized model that allows you to utilize more versatile technologies to respond to
fluctuating IT demands and meet business requirements as they rise and fall.
Virtualization technology adds value to a data center by increasing flexibility, scalability,
ease of management, and responsiveness.

1. Creating more logical IT resources, within one physical system is called ________.
(A) Load balancing
(B) Hypervisor
Answer : C
(C) Virtualization
(D) None of these
2. What is most commonly used for managing the resources for every virtual system?
(A) Load balancer
(B) Hypervisor
(C) Router Answer : B
(D) Cloud
3. Which is not a benefit of virtualization?

(A) Flexible and efficient allocation of resources
(B) Lowers the cost of IT infrastructure
(C) Remote access and rapid scalability
Answer : D
(D) Run on single operating system

4. It helps a user to have remote access to an application from a server.
(A) Application virtualization
(B) Network virtualization
Answer : A
(C) Desktop virtualization
(D) Storage virtualization
5. It is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual storage system.

(C) Desktop virtualization Answer : D
6. It has the ability to run multiple virtual networks with each has a separate control and data
plan.
Answer : B
(C) Desktop virtualization

2. ROLE OF ELECTRIC UTILITIES

ROLE OF ELECTRIC UTILITIES
• Energy corporations, especially electric utilities, have an interesting role in the establishment of green data
centers.
• Electric utilities are for profit, corporations that make money by selling electricity, so the more electricity they
sell, the more the profit they make.
• Electric utilities have a significant interest in avoiding having to build new electric power plants to meet peak
demand.
• New power plants are extremely expensive and the strict emission controls for coal fired plants greatly add to
the expense.
• New nuclear power plants face even more hurdles, as global economy evolves from heavy dependence on oil
to a mixture of energy alternatives, the marketplace will push for new alternatives in the supply and demand
of energy.
• Electric utilities are in position to have a significant role in motivating companies to move to green IT.

Significant Role of Electric Utilities and IT Energy Ratings in Green IT
• Electric utilities and governments now often offer financial incentives to encourage investments in
energy-efficiency measures.
• Providing electricity for energy efficient equipment as opposed to planning capacity for inefficient
equipment can be a win-win situation for both electric utilities and their customers.
• Such financial incentives for commercial and individual energy consumers help buy down the
additional cost of more-efficient products.


Electric Utilities

Electric Utilities

Electric Utilities

Electric Utilities



Significant Role of Electric Utilities and IT Energy Ratings in Green
IT
ADVANTAGES
1. Find available programs
• Determine what energy efficiency incentives might be available
for IT consolidation or data center energy efficiency
improvement projects.
• Check the Database of State Incentives for Renewables &
Efficiency (DSIRE).
2. Assess Energy Usage

• Determine the power usage for the total data center or the
systems or hardware you target to improve.
• Include both peak and seasonal events to better comprehend the
energy provisioning required.

ADVANTAGES
3. Take advantage of project design and energy-efficiency teams.
• Many energy-efficiency groups can provide project support to help maximize energy efficiency gains, cost
savings and incentives.
• Partnering with your utility can help ensure you meet all the program requirements
4. Calculate energy savings:
• Provide a direct measurement of your power usage before and after your project is implemented
• Perform other required calculations of the energy saving benefits.
• Your utility or efficiency program can help you with this requirement.
5. Submit incentive or rebate payment application:

• Programs generally require proof that changes have been done and energy is being saved.
• Reap additional goodwill benefits from your project by publicizing your energy efficiency efforts.

3. TELECOMMUTING
TELECONFERENCING AND
TELEPORTING

3. TELECOMMUTING, TELECONFERENCING AND TELEPORTING
1. Making the Case for Telecommuting

2. Telecomm Central: The Green Home Office
3. Collaborating and Cloud Computing
4. Making the Connection: Virtual Presence
5. Your Green Small Business

TELECOMMUTING
• Working at home, or working remotely, for a company — also called telecommuting — has been around
for a long time, growing slowly in mainstream business.
• The savings in gas, CO2 emissions, time, and energy is a big deal
• With the advent of blossoming and always-on Web technologies that make teleconferencing, instant
communication, and data warehousing easy and intuitive, you never have to feel out of touch with
anyone.
• Whether you’re working in the office or out, tools are available to keep you in continual contact,
provide you with the data and processing power you need, and enable to complete the tasks you’re
charged with completing,
• whether you work in an office down the hall or in a house across town.

TELECOMMUTING
green aspect of telecommuting makes it an even more viable option for
employees: It’s a greener way to work.
1. Saves time
2. Saves energy
Amount of energy you use getting to the office, powering up your system, flipping on all the lights, and warming
(or cooling) yourself with the climate control system, staying in one place is less of a drain on energy resources.
3. Saves gas
4. Reduces CO2 emissions
Cars on the road are a huge contributor to the gasses that are causing the greenhouse effect around the planet
5. Reduces in-the-office resources
6. It reduces paper printing
7. It makes you take better care of your equipment

TELECOMMUTING
green aspect of telecommuting makes it an even more viable option for
employees: It’s a greener way to work.
1. Saves time
2. Saves energy
Amount of energy you use getting to the office, powering up your system, flipping on all the lights, and warming
(or cooling) yourself with the climate control system, staying in one place is less of a drain on energy resources.
3. Saves gas
4. Reduces CO2 emissions
Cars on the road are a huge contributor to the gasses that are causing the greenhouse effect around the planet
5. Reduces in-the-office resources
6. It reduces paper printing
7. It makes you take better care of your equipment

TELECOMMUTING

TELECOMMUTING

TELECOMMUTING

TELECOMMUTING
Few ways in which technology connects the world and makes it easier than ever to be productive,
efficient, and a model employee:
1. You can be on time for any meeting anywhere in the world through teleconferencing.
2. You can offer instant customer service response via e-mail, instant messaging, or VoIP.
3. You can develop and share strategies, business plans, presentations, and more in real time,
collaboratively, using Web conferencing software.
4. You can schedule projects, assign tasks, report on progress, and evaluate results in real-time using
Web-based group management software.
5. You can find, review, modify, and share documents seamlessly and securely using cloud computing
technologies.

TELECOMMUTING
Advantages of Working at Home

1. Heightened productivity
For many telecommuters, this ability to focus translates to a heightened sense of productivity,
reduced feelings of “scatteredness,” and a noticeable increase in that peaceful, easy feeling.
2. Flexibility and creativity
Focusing on the things that are most important to you creates a kind of shift that enables other
solutions, ideas, and possibilities to bubble to the surface
3. Closer to family
Telecommuting can help reduce some of that tension by enabling you to be present at home, with
the family, even if you are busy working on a report or building a CAD model.
4. Bunny slippers-to-work day
Timing is an important factor — you want to be visible, accessible, and “in there” with the
rest of the team, even if you’re remoting in. Some telecommuters feel the way you dress has a direct
impact on the way you work.

TELECOMMUTING
Managing the Challenges of Telecommuting

1. Setting up expectations
2. Managing your time effectively
3. Setting up boundaries while everyone gets used to the new routine
4. Staying in the loop
5. Demonstrating your value
6. Being on the radar for promotions

TELECOMMUTING

1. Setting up expectations
• Are any employees in your company telecommuting now?
• Is anyone in your department telecommuting?
• If yes, how is workflow handled?
• How many days a week do they work at home?
• Do employees have remote access to their computers in the office?
• What challenges have cropped up?
• How have those challenges been resolved?
• What kinds of lessons have already been learned from telecommuting experiences in your
workplace?

TELECOMMUTING

2. Managing time effectively
• Keep your daily calendar up to date and share it with others on your team.
• Send an e-mail message to your team leader or supervisor in the morning to give a quick update on
your projects
• Let team members who are waiting on items from you know instantly when you send something in.
• Participate in conference calls, interviews, and any other group or leadership event remotely (or make
arrangements to go in for a portion of the day). Being available and flexible is an important part of
reassuring your employer
• Keep track of the fuel and CO2 you’re saving as you work at home.

TELECOMMUTING

3. Distractions and boundaries
What works:
• Setting formal “Don’t-disturb-me-unless-your-hair’s-on-fire” work hours
• Creating a work-at-home calendar to post on the fridge
• Communicating to your family why you want to work at home, what you need to accomplish during
the day, and how they can help
• Communicating your expectations clearly to your colleagues at the office — when it’s okay to call,
when it isn’t, when you can be available for online meetings, and when you can’t

TELECOMMUTING

3. Distractions and boundaries
• What doesn’t work:
• Shouting, “Will you guys just leave me alone?!”
• Locking everyone out of your office
• Trying to take it all in stride and letting yourself get interrupted 10 times an hour
• Giving up and going back to the office full-time

TELECOMMUTING
CHALLENGES
Real work
• Working at home as “real work” and don’t think it has the same value or structure as work done in
the office.
• You do need to demonstrate your effectiveness as a telecommuter and make the effort to keep
yourself in the loop in things like decision-making, team planning, and departmental reviews.
• Your visibility — and the effort you make to be involved — goes a long way toward keeping you on the
radar screen as a full-time, valuable employee.
Social isolation
• Another challenge that goes along with working at home can be a sense of social isolation.
• While you used to joke, lunch, and meet with others on your team face-to-face, now your
communication may be more limited to electronic communication.
• If you start to feel like you’re being left out in the cold, schedule some time in the office and go out to
lunch with the gang.
• You’ll feel more in sync and ready to tackle your next telecommuting day feeling reconnected.

TELECOMMUTING

b. Telecomm Central: The Green Home Office

Use the following lists of questions to help you look at your needs for office
space through a green lens:
Can you reduce the amount of tech equipment (laptops, printers, scanners, and more)
Can you consolidate the area you use to create a compact but comfortable workspace?
How can you use natural lighting to reduce the amount of electricity pumping into the area?
Can you use blinds and floor coverings to help manage room temperature so you can turn the thermostat up
(or down)?
Do you have a reduction plan that helps you minimize the use of paper and plastics in your work area?
How can you go electronic whenever possible? One possible option includes making backups on reusable
media or online.


Reuse
What do you already have around the house that you can use for a desk, a chair, storage, and bookshelves?
What in your home or current workspace can be reused to support your work effort?
How can you share resources in a way that benefits the rest of the house?
What items in the attic could be given a second life in a home workspace?
Recycle
Recycle the existing equipment using a service offered by the manufacturer, using a retail outlet like
Best Buy, or by looking up a local reputable recycler on Earth911 (www. earth911.com).
Are you planning to recycle all office supplies you can — toner or inkjet cartridges, paper, books, and more?
How often do you take a look at what you’re recycling to see whether you can ramp it up a bit?


To Work Efficiently
1. E-mail and Web research
2. Writing and editing documents
3. Talking with customers and vendors on the phone
4. Graphic design and layout
5. Designing and offering Webinars for clients and colleagues
6. Proofreading legal documents
7. Designing new product prototypes
8. Managing accounts
9. Doing bookkeeping tasks
10. Creating media — audio and video — productions


To Work Efficiently
Three primary elements of the work-at-home space:
✓ Room for computer system(s) and peripherals
✓ Room for research
✓ Room for conversation (virtual or face-to-face)


Adding Green Touches
Lighting
✓ Using natural blinds both helps reduce glare and reflect light into the room.
✓ Painting the walls a natural, light color helps brighten the room and makes better use of natural light.
✓ Positioning your desk so that it receives reflected — not direct — sunlight reduces monitor glare and makes
reading easier.
Lighting tips to help you stay as green as possible and maximize your use of electricity for lighting:
✓ Only turn on the light you need for the task at hand.
✓ Consider solar-powered lighting where possible.
✓ Remove and safely dispose of any halogen lights you may have (they’re energy guzzlers).
✓ When you can use reflected sunlight, turn off the other lamps in the room. You can create ambience another
way.


Adding Green Touches
Circulation and temperature controls
To make low-footprint changes:
✓ Start with what you’re wearing. Add a sweater or take one off.
✓ Block out the heat by closing blinds or curtains.
✓ Increase the temperature of a room by opening curtains wide on a sunny day.
✓ Make sure windows are well caulked so that drafts aren’t getting in — or out.
✓ Open windows whenever possible — in the cool of the day, for example — to get fresh air flowing into the
space and even out the temperature.
✓ Use air flow from the rest of the house to keep the temperature more constant. You can do this by thinking of
the air circulation patterns in your home now and making sure vents and doors help bring the air to
where you’re working.
✓ Use an air filter to keep the air fresh, clean, and moving.


Sustaining Green Practices
✓ A print plan: Only print items that you must review on the page
✓ An energy use plan
✓ An energy acquisition plan
✓ A resource use plan

c. Collaborating and Cloud Computing

c. Collaborating and Cloud Computing

c. Collaborating
Effective Team Tick

✓ Know your common goal
✓ Coordinate your process
✓ Keep communication clear
Windows SharePoint Services 3.0

✓ Share documents, images, and data files online.
✓ Build lists of tasks, events, announcements, and more.
✓ Create and post to blogs.
✓ Create a team wiki.
✓ Set up alerts so you know whenever new contents are added to the site.
✓ Set up tasks for team members so you can keep each other up-to-date on the progress of your project.
✓ See when other members are online so you can contact them directly.
✓ Add a variety of Web parts.
✓ Customize the interface to fit your team or company.
✓ Export data lists and documents easily for use in other business applications
Cloud computing
Cloud computing
enables individuals and
teams to work with Web
service applications from
any point of access.

Cloud computing
Google Apps
Today, Google Apps (www.google.com/apps) offers

a number of free online applications that help
individuals and groups accomplish all sorts of
computing tasks. Whether you want to send e-mail,
schedule appointments, share documents, or talk
to someone near or far, there’s an application — a
free application

Making the Connection: Virtual Presence
Telepresence — the ability to communicate in real time, as

fully present as possible — is synchronous conferencing,
meaning that all participants are in contact with each other
at the same time.

Greening your space

❑ Use CFL light bulbs everywhere.
❑ Insulate, insulate, insulate.
❑ Use natural blinds (earth-friendly — made of bamboo — of course).
❑ Use natural light wherever possible.
❑ Consider solar power.
❑ Use natural flooring (or earth-friendly carpeting).
❑ Add an air purifier and keep it circulating, baby.
❑ Find out whether you can purchase electricity from renewable sources

Low-cost ways to change your environment today
❑ Put out recycling bins and let your staff know where to find them (and what to put in them).
❑ Add plants to your office — especially in the reception area, meeting rooms, and the lunch room
or kitchen.
❑ Have your air quality tested; clean ducts; check air flow.
❑ Add light sensors to offices and rooms you don’t use often — like conference rooms or meeting
areas — so the lights turn off automatically when no one is in the room.
❑ Get an energy audit to help you find out how much energy your facility uses and where you can
cut back.

Greening practices and people
❑ Always use recycled paper to print unless the document is going to a client or customer.
❑ Always print double-sided unless the document type (a legal document, financial report, and so on) requires
otherwise.
❑ Leave lights and computers (and other tech gear) unplugged unless they are in use.
❑ Institute work-at-home Fridays.
❑ Offer flex time so that staff can carpool and use public transportation to get to and from work.
❑ Make your green efforts visible with staff and celebrate benchmarks.
❑ Help staff learn about and celebrate green efforts
❑ Make a plan.
❑ Create your own green policies

TELECONFERENCING
Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies are often implemented

• Reduction of Green House Gas Emissions.
• Increased Profits Margins.
Traveling to meetings and conferences takes its toll on the environment in many ways.
• Flying or driving and staying in hotels uses lots of energy, which inevitably generates carbon dioxide
• In-person meetings are often littered with excessive paper documents, plastic bottles of water, and
refreshments served on paper and plastic that can’t be recycled.
• Food waste is another big issue; most conference organizers order much more food than can be consumed by
the attendees. When the meeting is over, those extra food usually end up in the trash.


• Recycling is one of the most significant green practices that contribute to green computing.
• Recycling falls in the green disposal category of green computing.
• The end-of-life products constitute various types of raw materials including metals and other elements that can be
recycled and put to reuse again.
• This is one of the most efficient ways to combat e-waste problem.
• recycling helps in bringing down the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the manufacturing of new products.

e-waste

Categories of e-waste
• Large Household Appliances (Washing machines, Dryers, Refrigerators, Airconditioners, etc.)
• Small Household Appliances (Vacuum cleaners, Coffee Machines, Irons, Toasters, etc Office, Information &
Communication Equipment PCs, Latops, Mobiles, Telephones, Fax Machines, Copiers, Printers etc.)
• Entertainment & Consumer Electronics (Televisions, VCR/DVD/CD players, Hi-Fi sets, Radios, etc)
• Lighting Equipment Fluorescent tubes, sodium lamps etc. (Except: Bulbs, Halogen Bulbs)
• Electric and Electronic Tools Drills, Electric saws, Sewing Machines, Lawn Mowers etc. (Except: large stationary
tools/machines)
• Medical Instruments and Equipment
• Surveillance and Control Equipment
• Automatic Issuing Machines

State-of-the-art Recycling Technologies

Three steps:
Detoxication:
The first step in the recycling process is the removal of critical components from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution
of and / or contamination with toxic substances during the downstream processes.
Critical components include, e.g., lead glass from CRT screens, CFC gases from refrigerators, light bulbs and batteries.
Shredding:
Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment, normally an industrial large
scale operation to obtain concentrates of recyclable materials in a dedicated fraction and also to
further separate hazardous materials.
Refining:
The third step of e-waste recycling is refining. Refining of resources in e-waste is possible and the technical solutions
exist to get back raw with minimal environmental impact. Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in
order to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a final disposal site, respectively. During the
refining process, to three flows of materials is paid attention: Metals, plastics and glass.

E-waste Management – Six Steps

Benefits of recycling:
• Recycling raw materials from end-of-life electronics is the most effective solution to the growing e-waste problem.
• Most electronic devices contain a variety of materials, including metals that can be recovered for future uses.
• By dismantling and providing reuse possibilities, intact natural resources are conserved and air and water pollution
caused by hazardous disposal is avoided.
• Additionally, recycling reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the manufacturing of new
products.

5. Best ways for Green PC

5. BEST WAYS FOR GREEN PC:
1. Look for the ENERGY STAR
2. Turn Off Your Monitor
3. Adjust the Brightness
4. Don't Use a Screen Saver
5. Turn Off Peripherals
6. Leave Your Printer Off
7. Preview Before You Print
8. Print on Both Sides
9. Don't Print

6. Green Data Centers

Green IT Hardware
Hardware aspect of Green IT deals with the architecture and design of IT hardware, the manner in which it
is procured and operated

Green IT Hardware
Hardware aspect of Green IT deals with the architecture and design of IT hardware, the manner in which it
is procured and operated
Data servers —deals with the physical machines and the specific buildings in which they are housed
Servers also have both wired and wireless networks and corresponding communications equipment
associated with them that are directly emitting carbon.
End-user computers —laptops, desktops, their capacities, operational effi ciencies, and their ◾ disposal
(especially as the lifecycle of a computer is getting shorter by the day) need to be discussed from their P-O-
D viewpoint
Mobile devices —the mobile devices and associated hardware (e.g., extension leads), their batteries
including the recharging mechanism and disposal of the batteries and the policies and actions when the
devices become outdated
Peripherals —printers, photocopiers, shredders, and so on. Electronic gadgets are of immense interest in
Green IT due to t heir large numbers, their potentially unnecessary overuse

Green Data Centers
 Data centers form the major chunk in the overall Green IT hardware assets of an organization
 Suit of large computers and associated networks of the organization, forming the “heart” of most
businesses
 Hold the data and information residing in the organization’s data warehouses that are residing within
these data servers,
 Data servers, in practical terms, can be seen as powerful computers that have the capacity to store as well
as process vast amount of multi-formatted data
 Growth in demand for vast amount of data storage coupled with corresponding demand for increasingly
fast processing resulting in carbon emissions.
 Cloud computing makes rapid strides, data, in its myriad multimedia format will have to be stored and
instantly made available upon request
 Businesses that particularly deal with contents (e.g., entertainment, news) have to improve the energy
efficiency of their data centers through innovative strategies in data management
 Data management solutions need to be agile so as to cater to rapidly changing data needs.
 Dynamic and agile data management implies ability to modify, update, backup, and mirror data even as
the organizational needs of the data keep changing

Green Data Centers

Green Data Centers
 Data center design, layout, and location

 Cooling, air conditioning, power source and power consumption
 Power management
 Servers—their numbers, their positioning and corresponding energy-
efficient computing
 Data strategy—including security and backup
 Networks and communications equipment
Correlation between data and data servers is as important as that between servers and the data centers
Data center carbon costs need to match its data storage and data usage.

Data Center Building—Design, Layout, and Location
 Design, layout, and location consideration for data centers.
 Physical (geographical) location of the building
 Building that houses the data center
 power supply
 Cooling and lighting
 Server and storage virtualization
 Facilitation of new and emerging technologies

Data Center ICT Equipment—Server Strategies
List of green server strategy considerations
 Online, real-time list of server inventory that enables location and uses of the servers.
 Power consumption bill in real time
 Bit to carbon ration as part of comprehensive—data strategy
 Mirroring backup strategies that are balanced by the “acceptable risks” of the data center director.
 Data capacity forecasting
 Carbon-cost visibility
 Efficient decommissioning
 Incorporation right redundancy.
 Enhanced server distribution
 Incorporate server switching
 Incorporate Cloud computing and server virtualization

Data Strategy and the Carbon Emitting Bit
Impact of a single bit on the corresponding increase in
the use of storage space in the data center
[1 bit + m bit (additional) leads to → 1.m bit × n watts (direct energy

need) → leads to nxp watts (support energy-infrastructure) influences
→ People (attitude)]
Data Strategy and the Carbon Emitting Bit
 Data strategy encompasses the use, storage, mirroring, security, backups, clean ups, and architectures for
data. It covers both external and internal approaches to data management
 Data efficiency in relational database management systems includes use of techniques such as data
normalization and incremental storage
 Using the correct data type would also affect the amount of data space that is being used in every “bit” of
data
Ramifications of one extra bit in a data center on the green performance of the organization
1. Additional free space provisioning
2. Speed and density
3. Backup
4. Mirroring
5. Quality and reliability
6. Security
7. Provisioning

Data Servers Optimization
 Optimization of servers deals primarily with the numbers, usage, and collaborations amongst the servers
 Data server optimization can be improved through better organization of the databases including their
design, provisioning for redundancy, and improved capacity forecasting, following RDBMS (Relational
Database Management Systems) standards such as data normalization and usage of proper data types
within database as and when required.
 Optimization also includes consolidation of various physical servers that would reduce their total
numbers.
 Standardization of equipment also reduces the overall capacity needed for backups and mirroring of
databases.
 Improved technologies of the servers themselves (e.g., Blade) also help in the optimization process

Server optimization techniques
1. Undertake intense and iterative capacity planning for the data center.
2. Management, anticipation, and optimization of storage capacities of the data center
3. Identification of unused capacity of servers and storage disks within them.
4. Implement full storage virtualization that will enable hosting of multiple data warehouses on the same
server.
5. Include conversion of existing physical servers to “virtual servers”—partition servers that can operate in
parallel without any interference.
6. Efficient server operations.
7. Optimization and management of servers will enable running of servers as closer to their maximum
capacities.

Server optimization techniques
8. Efficient management of air-conditioning and cooling equipments that require, at times, even more power to cool
the servers than required to operate them.
9. Decommissioning servers once their service level agreement has expired.
10. Applying virtualization during architecture and design of the servers, corresponding operating systems, and even
applications.
11. Enabling virtual servers easily will enable efficient capacity management and reduced hardware maintenance costs.
12. Implementing Cloud computing and making use of services or software services from an already existing repository.
13. Increasing B2B relation for a more common and efficient solution service.
14. Outsourcing services help organizations reduce their man power and energy utilization in order to complete a
particular task.

Virtualization
Virtualization has to be supported by the operating system that would separate the underlying hardware from
corresponding application software.
Various levels of virtualization:
1. Presentation virtualization
2. Application virtualization
3. Desktop virtualization
4. Storage virtualization
5. Network virtualization

Physical Data Server Organization and Cooling
Physical arrangements of data servers, their

aisle organization, and the manner in which
the floor space and racks are physically
organized also impacts the overall carbon
emission from that data center

Physical Data Server Organization and Cooling
 Physical cooling of the data center is one of the most important approaches to reducing the carbon
footprint of an organization.
 Strategies start with architecture, design, and construction of the data center building, location of the
center itself, positioning of the servers. and strategies for using air, water and other means for cooling the
servers.
 Water cooling has been popular to handle the heat dissipation issues
 Air cooling of servers using the concepts of hot-aisle and cold-aisle is also popular
 Techniques are becoming far more important because they not only reduce the carbon footprint of the
organization but, at the same time, improve its economic performance by reducing running costs of
power consumption

Physical arrangements of servers require the following careful considerations
 Server optimization
 Disk identification
 Implement a multitiered storage solution.
 Specify low-power consumption, low voltage servers
 Equipment reuse.
 Re-engineer layout

7. Green Grid framework

GREEN GRID FRAMEWORK
Green Grid Association is a non-profit, open industry consortium of information and communications technology (ICT)
industry end users, policy makers, technology providers, facility architects, and utility companies that works to improve IT
and data center resource efficiency around the world.
• The Green Grid offers the data center expertise that governments turn to for industry insight and counsel, bringing to
bear the combined influence of a diverse body of ICT industry leaders.
• The consortium’s vendor-neutral dynamic creates a rich, collaborative environment of peers, competitors and industry
experts that work closely together to advance the organization’s mission.

The Green Grid’s mission is to drive accountable, effective, resource-efficient, end-to-end ICT ecosystems, by:
• Establishing metrics
• Driving an understanding of risk
• Proactively engaging governments to influence effective policy
• Providing frameworks for organizations to realize operational efficiency and maturity across the ICT
infrastructure.

What needs to change for Green Grid to happen?
The grid will need to get a lot ―smarter‖ and more flexible, say researchers in America. A carbon-free power
network will have to handle instantaneous shifts in both electricity supply and demand. That will require major
upgrades (read investments) in grid communications and computer-based control systems to make sure everything
works together

Metrics created and endorsed by The Green Grid include

1. Electronic Disposal Efficiency (EDE) - the percentage of decommissioned information technology electronics
and electrical equipment that is disposed of through known responsible entities.
2. Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) - the ratio of total facilities energy to IT equipment energy.
3. Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCIE) - the ratio of IT equipment power to total facility power.
4. Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE) - the product of the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per kilowatt hour
(CEF) and the data center's annual PUE.
5. Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) - the ratio of the annual site water usage in liters to the IT equipment energy
usage in kilowatt hours (Kwh).
6. Data Center Productivity (DCP) - the quantity of useful information processing completed relative to the
amount of some resource consumed in producing the work.

BEST WISHES
“In a gentle way,

you can shake the world.”
—Mahatma Gandhi

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GREEN COMPUTING

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

two main hypervisor types,

type 2 hypervisor runs as a software layer on an operating

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

• Leveraging existing IT Assets like Servers, Storage and Network resources.

• Increasing the efficiency of IT Professionals through centralized simplified

• Improving Availability and Ensuring Business Continuity.

• Defeat Data Center sprawl and Infrastructure underutilization.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

• Traditional "one workload, one box" approach to server provisioning, most

in over-provisioning and under-utilization

on energy for power and cooling.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Storage Consolidation, also called storage convergence is a method of centralizing

data storage among multiple servers.

3. Other desirable features include simplification of the storage infrastructure,

centralized and efficient management, optimized resource utilization, and low

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Planned downtime is eliminated by migrating a virtual machine from one physical

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

• Consolidation is an effort to reduce the cost of a technology by improving its operating

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. Which is not a benefit of virtualization?

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

5. It is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual storage system.

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

2. Assess Energy Usage

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

5. Submit incentive or rebate payment application:

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. Making the Case for Telecommuting

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DR. P. CHITRA, DEPARTMENT OF IT, MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE