GATE 2022 General Aptitude (GA)

Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark each.

Q.1 The _________ is too high for it to be considered _________.

(A) fair / fare

(B) faer / fair

(C) fare / fare

(D) fare / fair

Page 1 of 41
Q.2 A function y(x) is defined in the interval [0, 1] on the 𝑥-axis as

1
⎧ 2 if 0 ≤ 𝑥 <
⎪ 3
1 3
𝑦(𝑥 ) = 3 if ≤𝑥<
⎨ 3 4
⎪ 3
⎩ 1 if ≤𝑥≤1
4

Which one of the following is the area under the curve for the interval [0, 1] on
the 𝑥-axis?

(A) 5
6

(B) 6
5

(C) 13
6

(D) 6
13

Page 2 of 41
Q.3 Let r be a root of the equation 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 6 = 0.

Then the value of the expression (𝑟 + 2)(𝑟 + 3)(𝑟 + 4)(𝑟 + 5) is

(A) 51

(B) −51

(C) 126

(D) −126

Page 3 of 41
Q.4 Given below are four statements.

Statement 1: All students are inquisitive.

Statement 2: Some students are inquisitive.

Statement 3: No student is inquisitive.

Statement 4: Some students are not inquisitive.

From the given four statements, find the two statements that CANNOT BE
TRUE simultaneously, assuming that there is at least one student in the class.

(A) Statement 1 and Statement 3

(B) Statement 1 and Statement 2

(C) Statement 2 and Statement 4

(D) Statement 3 and Statement 4

Page 4 of 41
Q.5 A palindrome is a word that reads the same forwards and backwards. In a game
of words, a player has the following two plates painted with letters.

From the additional plates given in the options, which one of the combinations
of additional plates would allow the player to construct a five-letter palindrome.
The player should use all the five plates exactly once. The plates can be rotated
in their plane.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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Q. 6 – Q. 10 Carry TWO marks each.

Q.6 Some people believe that “what gets measured, improves”. Some others believe
that “what gets measured, gets gamed”. One possible reason for the difference in
the beliefs is the work culture in organizations. In organizations with good work
culture, metrics help improve outcomes. However, the same metrics are
counterproductive in organizations with poor work culture.

Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the
information in the above passage?

(A) Metrics are useful in organizations with poor work culture

(B) Metrics are useful in organizations with good work culture

(C) Metrics are always counterproductive in organizations with good work culture

(D) Metrics are never useful in organizations with good work culture

Page 6 of 41
Q.7 In a recently conducted national entrance test, boys constituted 65% of those who
appeared for the test. Girls constituted the remaining candidates and they
accounted for 60% of the qualified candidates.

Which one of the following is the correct logical inference based on the
information provided in the above passage?

(A) Equal number of boys and girls qualified

(B) Equal number of boys and girls appeared for the test

(C) The number of boys who appeared for the test is less than the number of girls
who appeared

(D) The number of boys who qualified the test is less than the number of girls who
qualified

Page 7 of 41
 A box contains five balls of same size and shape. Three of them are green
Q.8
coloured balls and two of them are orange coloured balls. Balls are drawn from
the box one at a time. If a green ball is drawn, it is not replaced. If an orange ball
is drawn, it is replaced with another orange ball.

First ball is drawn. What is the probability of getting an orange ball in the next
draw?

(A) 1
2

(B) 8
25

(C) 19
50

(D) 23
50

Page 8 of 41
Q.9 The corners and mid-points of the sides of a triangle are named using the distinct
letters P, Q, R, S, T and U, but not necessarily in the same order. Consider the
following statements:

 The line joining P and R is parallel to the line joining Q and S.

 P is placed on the side opposite to the corner T.
 S and U cannot be placed on the same side.

Which one of the following statements is correct based on the above

information?

(A) P cannot be placed at a corner

(B) S cannot be placed at a corner

(C) U cannot be placed at a mid-point

(D) R cannot be placed at a corner

Page 9 of 41
Q.10 A plot of land must be divided between four families. They want their
individual plots to be similar in shape, not necessarily equal in area. The land
has equally spaced poles, marked as dots in the below figure. Two ropes, R1 and
R2, are already present and cannot be moved.

What is the least number of additional straight ropes needed to create the
desired plots? A single rope can pass through three poles that are aligned in a
straight line.

(A) 2

(B) 4

(C) 5

(D) 3

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.11 – Q.22 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), carry ONE mark each.

Q.11 Which one of the following statements is TRUE for all positive functions f ( n ) ?

(A) f (n2 )   ( f (n)2 ), when f ( n) is a polynomial

(B) f (n2 )  o( f (n)2 )

(C) f (n2 )  O( f (n)2 ), when f (n) is an exponential function

(D) f (n2 )  ( f (n)2 )

Q.12 Which one of the following regular expressions correctly represents the language
of the finite automaton given below?

(A) ab*bab*  ba* aba*

(B) (ab*b)* ab*  (ba*a)* ba*

(C) (ab*b  ba*a)* (a*  b* )

(D) (ba*a  ab*b)* (ab*  ba* )

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.13 Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) The LALR (1) parser for a grammar G cannot have reduce-reduce conflict if the
LR (1) parser for G does not have reduce-reduce conflict.

(B) Symbol table is accessed only during the lexical analysis phase.

(C) Data flow analysis is necessary for run-time memory management.

(D) LR (1) parsing is sufficient for deterministic context-free languages.

Q.14 In a relational data model, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) A relation with only two attributes is always in BCNF.

(B) If all attributes of a relation are prime attributes, then the relation is in BCNF.

(C) Every relation has at least one non-prime attribute.

(D) BCNF decompositions preserve functional dependencies.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.15 Consider the problem of reversing a singly linked list. To take an example, given
the linked list below,

the reversed linked list should look like

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the time complexity of
algorithms that solve the above problem in O (1) space?

(A) The best algorithm for the problem takes  ( n) time in the worst case.

(B) The best algorithm for the problem takes  (n log n ) time in the worst case.

(C) The best algorithm for the problem takes  (n2 ) time in the worst case.

(D) It is not possible to reverse a singly linked list in O (1) space.

Q.16 Suppose we are given n keys, m hash table slots, and two simple uniform hash
functions h1 and h2 . Further suppose our hashing scheme uses h1 for the odd keys
and h2 for the even keys. What is the expected number of keys in a slot?

(A) m
n

(B) n
m

(C) 2n
m

(D) n
2m

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.17 Which one of the following facilitates transfer of bulk data from hard disk to main
memory with the highest throughput?

(A) DMA based I/O transfer

(B) Interrupt driven I/O transfer

(C) Polling based I/O transfer

(D) Programmed I/O transfer

Q.18 Let R1 and R2 be two 4-bit registers that store numbers in 2’s complement form.
For the operation R1+R2, which one of the following values of R1 and R2 gives an
arithmetic overflow?

(A) R1 = 1011 and R2 = 1110

(B) R1 = 1100 and R2 = 1010

(C) R1 = 0011 and R2 = 0100

(D) R1 = 1001 and R2 = 1111

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.19 Consider the following threads, T1, T2, and T3 executing on a single processor,
synchronized using three binary semaphore variables, S1, S2, and S3, operated upon
using standard wait() and signal(). The threads can be context switched in
any order and at any time.

T1 T2 T3

while(true){ while(true){ while(true){

wait(S3); wait(S1); wait(S2);

print(“C”); print(“B”); print(“A”);

signal(S2); } signal(S3); } signal(S1); }

Which initialization of the semaphores would print the sequence BCABCABCA….?

(A) S1 = 1; S2 = 1; S3 = 1

(B) S1 = 1; S2 = 1; S3 = 0

(C) S1 = 1; S2 = 0; S3 = 0

(D) S1 = 0; S2 = 1; S3 = 1

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.20 Consider the following two statements with respect to the matrices Amn , Bnm ,
Cnn and Dnn .

Statement 1: tr(AB) = tr(BA)

Statement 2: tr(CD) = tr(DC)

where tr() represents the trace of a matrix. Which one of the following holds?

(A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is wrong.

(B) Statement 1 is wrong and Statement 2 is correct.

(C) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.

(D) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are wrong.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.21 What is printed by the following ANSI C program?

#include<stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

int x = 1, z[2] = {10, 11};

int *p = NULL;

p = &x;

*p = 10;

p = &z[1];

*(&z[0] + 1) += 3;

printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x, z[0], z[1]);

return 0;

(A) 1, 10, 11

(B) 1, 10, 14

(C) 10, 14, 11

(D) 10, 10, 14

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.22 Consider an enterprise network with two Ethernet segments, a web server and a
firewall, connected via three routers as shown below.

What is the number of subnets inside the enterprise network?

(A) 3

(B) 12

(C) 6

(D) 8

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.23 – Q.27 Multiple Select Questions (MSQ), carry ONE mark each.

Q.23 Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) Every subset of a recursively enumerable language is recursive.

(B) If a language L and its complement L are both recursively enumerable, then L
must be recursive.

(C) Complement of a context-free language must be recursive.

(D) If L1 and L2 are regular, then L1  L2 must be deterministic context-free.

Q.24 Let WB and WT be two set associative cache organizations that use LRU algorithm
for cache block replacement. WB is a write back cache and WT is a write through
cache. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE?

(A) Each cache block in WB and WT has a dirty bit.

(B) Every write hit in WB leads to a data transfer from cache to main memory.

(C) Eviction of a block from WT will not lead to data transfer from cache to main
memory.

(D) A read miss in WB will never lead to eviction of a dirty block from WB.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.25 Consider the following three relations in a relational database.

Employee(eId , Name), Brand (bId , bName), Own(eId , bId )

Which of the following relational algebra expressions return the set of eIds
who own all the brands?

(A)  eId ( eId ,bId (Own) /  bId ( Brand ))

(B)  eId (Own)   eId  ( eId (Own)   bId ( Brand ))   eId ,bId (Own) 

(C)  eId ( eId ,bId (Own) /  bId (Own))

(D)  eId  ( eId (Own)   bId (Own)) /  bId ( Brand ) 

Q.26 Which of the following statements is/are TRUE with respect to deadlocks?

(A) Circular wait is a necessary condition for the formation of deadlock.

(B) In a system where each resource has more than one instance, a cycle in its wait-for
graph indicates the presence of a deadlock.

(C) If the current allocation of resources to processes leads the system to unsafe state,
then deadlock will necessarily occur.

(D) In the resource-allocation graph of a system, if every edge is an assignment edge,

then the system is not in deadlock state.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.27 Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for a group G ?

(A) If for all x, y  G , ( xy )2  x 2 y 2 , then G is commutative.

(B) If for all x  G , x 2  1, then G is commutative. Here, 1 is the identity element of G .

(C) If the order of G is 2 , then G is commutative.

(D) If G is commutative, then a subgroup of G need not be commutative.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.28 – Q.35 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry ONE mark each.

Q.28 Suppose a binary search tree with 1000 distinct elements is also a complete binary
tree. The tree is stored using the array representation of binary heap trees. Assuming
that the array indices start with 0, the 3rd largest element of the tree is stored at
index_____________.

Q.29 Consider the augmented grammar with {, *, (, ), id } as the set of terminals.

S  S
S S R|R

R  R*P | P

P  ( S ) | id


If I 0 is the set of two LR (0) items {[ S  S• ], [ S  S•  R]} , then
goto(closure( I0 ), ) contains exactly __________ items.

Q.30 Consider a simple undirected graph of 10 vertices. If the graph is disconnected, then
the maximum number of edges it can have is ____________.

Q.31 Consider a relation R ( A, B , C , D, E ) with the following three functional

dependencies.

𝐴𝐵 → 𝐶; 𝐵𝐶 → 𝐷; 𝐶 → 𝐸;

The number of superkeys in the relation R is _____________.

Q.32 The number of arrangements of six identical balls in three identical bins is______.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.33 A cache memory that has a hit rate of 0.8 has an access latency 10 ns and miss
penalty 100 ns. An optimization is done on the cache to reduce the miss rate.
However, the optimization results in an increase of cache access latency to 15 ns,
whereas the miss penalty is not affected. The minimum hit rate (rounded off to two
decimal places) needed after the optimization such that it should not increase the
average memory access time is _____________.

Q.34 The value of the following limit is _____________.

x
lim
x  0 1  e2 x

Q.35 Consider the resolution of the domain name www.gate.org.in by a DNS

resolver. Assume that no resource records are cached anywhere across the DNS
servers and that iterative query mechanism is used in the resolution. The number
of DNS query-response pairs involved in completely resolving the domain name
is_____________.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.36 – Q.45 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), carry TWO marks each.

Q.36 Which one of the following is the closed form for the generating function of the
sequence { an } n  0 defined below?

 n  1, n is odd
an  
 1, otherwise

(A) 
x 1  x2  1
1  x  1 x
2
2

(B) x(3  x 2 ) 1

1  x  1 x
2
2

(C) 2x 1

1  x 
2 2 1 x

(D) x 1

(1  x ) 1  x
2 2

Q.37 Consider a simple undirected unweighted graph with at least three vertices. If A is
the adjacency matrix of the graph, then the number of 3-cycles in the graph is given
by the trace of

(A) A3

(B) A3 divided by 2

(C) A3 divided by 3

(D) A3 divided by 6

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.38 Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) The TLB performs an associative search in parallel on all its valid entries using page
number of incoming virtual address.

(B) If the virtual address of a word given by CPU has a TLB hit, but the subsequent
search for the word results in a cache miss, then the word will always be present in
the main memory.

(C) The memory access time using a given inverted page table is always same for all
incoming virtual addresses.

(D) In a system that uses hashed page tables, if two distinct virtual addresses V1 and V2
map to the same value while hashing, then the memory access time of these
addresses will not be the same.

Q.39 Let Ri ( z ) and Wi ( z) denote read and write operations on a data element z by a
transaction Ti , respectively. Consider the schedule S with four transactions.

S: R4 ( x) R2 ( x)R3 ( x) R1 ( y)W1 ( y)W2 ( x)W3 ( y) R4 ( y)

Which one of the following serial schedules is conflict equivalent to S?

(A) 𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇

(B) 𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇

(C) 𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇

(D) 𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇 →𝑇

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.40 Consider a digital display system (DDS) shown in the figure that displays the
contents of register X. A 16-bit code word is used to load a word in X, either from
S or from R. S is a 1024-word memory segment and R is a 32-word register file.
Based on the value of mode bit M, T selects an input word to load in X. P and Q
interface with the corresponding bits in the code word to choose the addressed word.
Which one of the following represents the functionality of P, Q, and T?

Code Word

M S-address R-address

P Q

S R

X DDS

(A) P is 10:1 multiplexer; Q is 5:1 multiplexer; T is 2:1 multiplexer

(B) P is 10:210 decoder; Q is 5:25 decoder; T is 2:1 encoder

(C) P is 10:210 decoder; Q is 5:25 decoder; T is 2:1 multiplexer

(D) P is 1:10 de-multiplexer; Q is 1:5 de-multiplexer; T is 2:1 multiplexer

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.41 Consider three floating point numbers A , B and C stored in registers RA, RB and
RC, respectively as per IEEE-754 single precision floating point format. The 32-bit
content stored in these registers (in hexadecimal form) are as follows.

RA= 0xC1400000 RB = 0x42100000 RC = 0x41400000

Which one of the following is FALSE?

(A) AC  0

(B) C  A B

(C) B  3C

(D) (B  C)  0

Q.42 Consider four processes P, Q, R, and S scheduled on a CPU as per round robin
algorithm with a time quantum of 4 units. The processes arrive in the order P, Q, R,
S, all at time t = 0. There is exactly one context switch from S to Q, exactly one
context switch from R to Q, and exactly two context switches from Q to R. There is
no context switch from S to P. Switching to a ready process after the termination of
another process is also considered a context switch. Which one of the following is
NOT possible as CPU burst time (in time units) of these processes?

(A) P = 4, Q = 10, R = 6, S = 2

(B) P = 2, Q = 9, R = 5, S = 1

(C) P = 4, Q = 12, R = 5, S = 4

(D) P = 3, Q = 7, R = 7, S = 3

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.43 What is printed by the following ANSI C program?

#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int a[3][3][3] =
{{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18},
{19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}};
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ ){
for(k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
printf("%d ", a[i][j][k]);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

(A) 1 2 3

10 11 12

19 20 21

(B) 1 4 7

10 13 16

19 22 25

(C) 1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

(D) 1 2 3

13 14 15

25 26 27

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.44 What is printed by the following ANSI C program?

#include<stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

char a = 'P';

char b = 'x';

char c = (a & b) + '*';

char d = (a | b) - '-';

char e = (a ^ b) + '+';

printf("%c %c %c\n", c, d, e);

return 0;

ASCII encoding for relevant characters is given below

(A) z K S

(B) 122 75 83

(C) * - +

(D) P x +

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.45 Consider solving the following system of simultaneous equations using

LU decomposition.

x1  x2  2 x3  4
x1  3 x2  x3  7
2 x1  x2  5 x3  7

where L and U are denoted as

 L11 0 0   U11 U12 U13 

   
L   L21 L22 0 , U   0 U 22 U 23 
L L33   0 0 U 33 
 31 L32 

Which one of the following is the correct combination of values for L32 , U 33 , and
x1 ?

(A) 1
L32  2, U 33   , x1  1
2

(B) L32  2, U 33  2, x1  1

(C) 1
L32   , U 33  2, x1  0
2

(D) 1 1
L32   , U 33   , x1  0
2 2

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)
Q.46 – Q.555 Multiple Select Questions (MSQ), carry TWO marks each.

Q.46 Which of the following is/are undecidable?

(A) Given two Turing machines M1 and M 2 , decide if L(M1 )  L(M 2 ).

(B) Given a Turing machine M , decide if L ( M ) is regular.

(C) Given a Turing machine M , decide if M accepts all strings.

(D) Given a Turing machine M , decide if M takes more than 1073 steps on every
string.

Q.47 Consider the following languages:

L1  {a n wa n | w {a, b}*}
L2  {wxwR | w, x {a, b}* , | w |,| x | 0}

Note that w R is the reversal of the string w. Which of the following is/are TRUE?

(A) L1 and L2 are regular.

(B) L1 and L2 are context-free.

(C) L1 is regular and L2 is context-free.

(D) L1 and L2 are context-free but not regular.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.48 Consider the following languages:

L1  {ww | w {a, b}*}

L2  {a n bn c m | m, n  0}

L3  {a mbn cn | m, n  0}

Which of the following statements is/are FALSE?

(A) L1 is not context-free but L2 and L3 are deterministic context-free.

(B) Neither L1 nor L2 is context-free.

(C) L2 , L3 and L2  L3 all are context-free.

(D) Neither L1 nor its complement is context-free.

Q.49 Consider a simple undirected weighted graph G , all of whose edge weights are
distinct. Which of the following statements about the minimum spanning trees of
G is/are TRUE?

(A) The edge with the second smallest weight is always part of any minimum spanning
tree of G .

(B) One or both of the edges with the third smallest and the fourth smallest weights are
part of any minimum spanning tree of G .

(C) Suppose S  V be such that S   and S  V . Consider the edge with the minimum
weight such that one of its vertices is in S and the other in V \ S . Such an edge will
always be part of any minimum spanning tree of G .

(D) G can have multiple minimum spanning trees.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.50 The following simple undirected graph is referred to as the Peterson graph.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) The chromatic number of the graph is 3.

(B) The graph has a Hamiltonian path.

(C) The following graph is isomorphic to the Peterson graph.

(D) The size of the largest independent set of the given graph is 3. (A subset of vertices
of a graph form an independent set if no two vertices of the subset are adjacent.)

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.51 Consider the following recurrence:

f (1)  1;
f (2n)  2 f (n)  1, for n  1;
f (2n  1)  2 f (n)  1, for n  1.

Then, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) f (2n  1)  2n  1

(B) f (2n )  1

(C) f (5  2n )  2n1  1

(D) f (2n  1)  2n  1

Q.52 Which of the properties hold for the adjacency matrix A of a simple undirected
unweighted graph having n vertices?

(A) The diagonal entries of A2 are the degrees of the vertices of the graph.

(B) If the graph is connected, then none of the entries of An 1  I n can be zero.

(C) If the sum of all the elements of A is at most 2( n  1), then the graph must be
acyclic.

(D) If there is at least a 1 in each of A ’s rows and columns, then the graph must be
connected.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.53 Which of the following is/are the eigenvector(s) for the matrix given below?

 9 6 2 4 
 
 8 6 3 1 
 20 15 8 5 
 
 32 21 7 12 

(A)  1
 
1
0
 
1

(B) 1
 
0
 1
 
0

(C)  1
 
0
2
 
2

(D)  0
 
1
 3 
 
 0

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.54 Consider a system with 2 KB direct mapped data cache with a block size of 64 bytes.
The system has a physical address space of 64 KB and a word length of 16 bits.
During the execution of a program, four data words P, Q, R, and S are accessed in
that order 10 times (i.e., PQRSPQRS…). Hence, there are 40 accesses to data cache
altogether. Assume that the data cache is initially empty and no other data words are
accessed by the program. The addresses of the first bytes of P, Q, R, and S are
0xA248, 0xC28A, 0xCA8A, and 0xA262, respectively. For the execution of the
above program, which of the following statements is/are TRUE with respect to the
data cache?

(A) Every access to S is a hit.

(B) Once P is brought to the cache it is never evicted.

(C) At the end of the execution only R and S reside in the cache.

(D) Every access to R evicts Q from the cache.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.55 Consider routing table of an organization’s router shown below:

Subnet Number Subnet Mask Next Hop

12.20.164.0 255.255.252.0 R1

12.20.170.0 255.255.254.0 R2

12.20.168.0 255.255.254.0 Interface 0

12.20.166.0 255.255.254.0 Interface 1

default R3

Which of the following prefixes in CIDR notation can be collectively used to

correctly aggregate all of the subnets in the routing table?

(A) 12.20.164.0/20

(B) 12.20.164.0/22

(C) 12.20.164.0/21

(D) 12.20.168.0/22

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.56 – Q.65 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), carry TWO marks each.

Q.56 Consider the relational database with the following four schemas and their
respective instances.

Student(sNo, sName, dNo) Dept(dNo, dName)

Course(cNo, cName, dNo) Register(sNo, cNo)

SQL Query:

SELECT * FROM Student AS S WHERE NOT EXIST

(SELECT cNo FROM Course WHERE dNo = “D01”
EXCEPT
SELECT cNo FROM Register WHERE sNo = S.sNo)

The number of rows returned by the above SQL query is___________.

Q.57 Consider a network with three routers P, Q, R shown in the figure below. All the
links have cost of unity.

P Q R

The routers exchange distance vector routing information and have converged on
the routing tables, after which the link Q−R fails. Assume that P and Q send out
routing updates at random times, each at the same average rate. The probability of
a routing loop formation (rounded off to one decimal place) between P and Q,
leading to count-to-infinity problem, is___________.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.58 Let G (V , E ) be a directed graph, where V  {1, 2,3, 4, 5} is the set of vertices and
E is the set of directed edges, as defined by the following adjacency matrix A.

1, 1≤𝑗≤𝑖≤5
𝐴[𝑖][𝑗] =
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

𝐴[𝑖][𝑗] = 1 indicates a directed edge from node i to node j. A directed spanning

tree of G , rooted at r  V , is defined as a subgraph T of G such that the undirected
version of T is a tree, and T contains a directed path from r to every other vertex
in V . The number of such directed spanning trees rooted at vertex 5
is_____________.

Q.59 Consider a 100 Mbps link between an earth station (sender) and a satellite (receiver)
at an altitude of 2100 km. The signal propagates at a speed of 3x108 m/s. The time
taken (in milliseconds, rounded off to two decimal places) for the receiver to
completely receive a packet of 1000 bytes transmitted by the sender is_________.

Q.60 Consider the data transfer using TCP over a 1 Gbps link. Assuming that the
maximum segment lifetime (MSL) is set to 60 seconds, the minimum number of
bits required for the sequence number field of the TCP header, to prevent the
sequence number space from wrapping around during the MSL is____________.

Q.61 A processor X1 operating at 2 GHz has a standard 5-stage RISC instruction pipeline
having a base CPI (cycles per instruction) of one without any pipeline hazards.
For a given program P that has 30% branch instructions, control hazards incur 2
cycles stall for every branch. A new version of the processor X2 operating at same
clock frequency has an additional branch predictor unit (BPU) that completely
eliminates stalls for correctly predicted branches. There is neither any savings nor
any additional stalls for wrong predictions. There are no structural hazards and data
hazards for X1 and X2. If the BPU has a prediction accuracy of 80%, the speed up
(rounded off to two decimal places) obtained by X2 over X1 in executing
P is____________.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.62 Consider the queues Q1 containing four elements and Q2 containing none (shown
as the Initial State in the figure). The only operations allowed on these two queues
are Enqueue(Q,element) and Dequeue(Q). The minimum number of
Enqueue operations on Q1 required to place the elements of Q1 in Q2 in reverse
order (shown as the Final State in the figure) without using any additional storage
is___________.

Q.63 Consider two files systems A and B , that use contiguous allocation and linked
allocation, respectively. A file of size 100 blocks is already stored in A and also in
B. Now, consider inserting a new block in the middle of the file (between 50 th and
51st block), whose data is already available in the memory. Assume that there are
enough free blocks at the end of the file and that the file control blocks are already
in memory. Let the number of disk accesses required to insert a block in the middle
of the file in A and B are nA and nB , respectively, then the value of
nA  nB is_________.

Q.64 Consider a demand paging system with four page frames (initially empty) and LRU
page replacement policy. For the following page reference string

7, 2, 7, 3, 2, 5,3, 4, 6, 7, 7,1, 5, 6,1

the page fault rate, defined as the ratio of number of page faults to the number of
memory accesses (rounded off to one decimal place) is_________.

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GATE 2022 Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

Q.65 Consider the following grammar along with translation rules.

S  S1 # T {S•val  S1•val * T•val }

S T {S• val  T• val }

T  T1 % R {T• val  T1•val  R• val }

T R {T•val  R•val }

R  id {R•val  id•val }

Here # and % are operators and id is a token that represents an integer and id•val
represents the corresponding integer value. The set of non-terminals is {S , T , R , P}
and a subscripted non-terminal indicates an instance of the non-terminal.

Using this translation scheme, the computed value of S•val for root of the parse tree
for the expression 20 #10%5 #8%2%2 is _____________.

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