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CONTROL SYSTEM

MLN BLOCK 405 ALGERIA

OPERATOR TRAINING

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CONTROL SECTION 16 PAGE 1-2

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Turbine Control Panel Instrumentation

S1 Excitation Raise/Lower K86 Double Volts Meter

S2 Excitation Enable Keyswitch K87 Synchroniser

S3 Synchroniser Mode K88 Double Frequency Meter

S4 Frequency Raise/Lower H1 Alarm Siren

S5 Generator Breaker HMI Operator Panel

S6 Close Incomer Breaker U1 Power Monitor

S7 Close Bus Coupler ECU Engine Control Unit

S8 Incomer/Bus Coupler K90 Alternator Protection Relay

Select
S9 Emergency Stop K91 Differential Protection Relay
Pushbutton
AVR Automatic Voltage
Regulator

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Control System

The turbine and generator controls, gas conditioning skid

controls, fire detection panels and the motor control centre are
housed in the Local Control Room (LCR).
The Motor Control Centre provides all power to the generator set
from a single 3phase 400v a.c. supply. This section incorporates:
Motor starters and protection gear
Each Turbine Control Panel includes distribution MCBs for
auxiliary a.c. and d.c. supplies
A battery backed Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for the
d.c. control system.
The centre and right hand panels provide all the control
equipment for the generator set. This includes:
HMI Touchscreen
Siemens S7 PLC
Engine Control Unit (ECU)
Generator Protection Relays
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

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Motor Control Centre

Signals for motor sequencing and operation are provided through the
I/O Unit from the main PLC.
The Motor Control Centre in the Local Control Room houses the
following equipment associated with each generator set:
Motor Starters:
Hydraulic Start Electric Motors
Enclosure Vent Fan Motors
Priming Oil Pump Motors
Oil Cooler Fan Motors
Liquid Fuel High Pressure Pumps
Liquid Fuel Forwarding Pumps
Heaters:
Gas Heaters
Lube Oil Precipitators
Alternator Stator Heaters
Liquid Fuel Trace Heating
Panel and Motor Anti-Condensation Heaters

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Motor Control Centre

Lights:
Enclosure Lights
Control Panel Lights
Filter Control Box Lights
LCR Interior and Exterior Lights
Power:
Filter Control Box
Bedplate Sockets
Battery Charger
LCR 230 & 400V AC
Control:
Gas Heater
Filter Control
Fire Control Panel
Gas Treatment Skid
Liquid Fuel Forwarding Pump Selection
MCCBs:
Incoming Isolators 1 & 2
Bus Coupler

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Turbine Control Panel - Left Hand Section

The left hand section of the control suite houses the field cabling
from the generator set to the control panel.
All cabling is protected from lightning strikes by surge protectors.
All a.c. miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are located inside the left
hand panel:
MCB 01 Control Panel Heaters & Fans
MCB02 Control Panel Lights
MCB03 Control Panel Sockets
MCB04 Diode Failure Relay

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Turbine Control Panel - Centre Section

The centre panel houses the Human Machine Interface (HMI) which
is a touchscreen that provides Supervisory, Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) facilities for package operation.
HMI This touchscreen provides the operator interface with
the generator set. See the HMI Users Guide at the end of this
section for detailed operation.
H1 Audible Alarm Emits an audible warning should any fault
occur within the system, indicated by an alarm or shutdown
on the HMI screen. Continues to operate until de-energised
by pressing the accept push-button on the HMI. After
accepting will re-activate should any fresh alarm occur.
S9 Emergency Stop Pushbutton When depressed, stops
the turbine (if running) and trips the generator breaker. If
the button is pressed whilst the unit is stopped a restart is
inhibited. The Emergency Stop pushbutton must be reset
by pressing the Reset button on the HMI, before a start is
available.

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Turbine Control Panel - Right Hand Section

Located behind the right hand panel door are the manual
synchronising and breaker controls. The following equipment is
mounted within the panel:
Manual synchronising controls;
Power Monitor;
Engine Control Unit (ECU)
Generator Protection Relay s
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

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MANUAL CONTROLS (right hand section)

I I
Synchronising Meters - operating during
II II
synchronising only:
Double Volts Meter
V
+ - Hz

Synchroscope
II I

I INCOMING VOLTAGE SYNCHROSCOPE I INCOMING FREQUENCY

II RUNNING VOLTAGE II RUNNING FREQUENCY

VOLTS SYNC FREQ

Double Frequency Meter
S1 Excitation Raise/Lower
S1 S2 S3 S4 S2 Excitation On/Off Keyswitch
S3 Synchronising Mode Switch
S5 S6 S7 S8 S4 Frequency Raise/Lower
S5 Generator Breaker
S6 Close Incomer Breaker
S7 Close Bus Coupler
S8 Incomer/Bus Coupler Selector Switch

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Synchronising Meters

I I
V + - Hz
II II

II I

I INCOMING VOLTAGE SYNCHROSCOPE I INCOMING FREQUENCY

II RUNNING VOLTAGE II RUNNING FREQUENCY

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Turbine Control Panel - Right Hand Section

K86 Double Volts Meter - Operating during synchronising only
I - Indicates the running voltage of the system (grid) that the generator
is to be synchronised with.
II - Indicates the voltage of generator to the synchronised unit.
K87 Check Synchroscope - Indicates the state of unit synchronism with
other equipment (used before closing breaker).
Includes, at the top Synchronisation in limits LEDs (green);
bottom left, Generator Voltage (II) In limits (green) and Out of Limits (red)
;
bottom right, Bus Voltage (I) In Limits (green) and Out of Limits (red).
During synchronising the 24 red LEDs "rotate"; when in limits the green
"in limits" lamps are illuminated.
The built-in check synchroniser prevents breaker closure until the
generator is synchronised and these lamps are on.
K88 Double Frequency Meter - Operating during synchronising only.
I - Indicates the running frequency of the system (grid) that the
generator is to be synchronised with.
II - Indicates the frequency of generator to the synchronised unit.

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Panel Switches

S1 Excitation Raise/Lower Switch

- Used to raise or lower the generator Voltage when operating in
island and for manual synchronising, shown on the double volts
meter.
When in parallel raises and lowers the generator power factor.
S2 Excitation Enable Keyswitch - (Used during commissioning only)
On - Normal operating position.
For commissioning purposes the Excitation raise/lower arrows on
the Alternator Systems window on the HMI may be used to
control the excitation of the generator when ON is selected.
Password protected.
Off - Switches off generator excitation for test purposes.

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Panel Switches

S3 Synchronising Auto/Manual Switch

Used to select manual or automatic synchronising. Normal
operating position is AUTO. When in manual, the frequency
and voltage are set using S1 and S4 to achieve
Synchronisation (using Synchroscope ) before closing the
circuit breaker using the appropriate breaker closing switch.
S4 Frequency Raise/Lower Switch
Used to raise or lower the generator frequency when Manual is
selected on S3 as indicated by the double frequency meter.
S5 Open/Close Generator Breaker Switch
Used to close the breaker for Forward Synchronising with the
grid when S3 is in the "Manual" position or to open the
breaker at any time.

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Panel Switches

S6 Close Incomer Breaker Switch

Used to close the incomer breaker for Back Synchronising with
the grid when S3 is in the "Manual" position.
S7 Close Bus Coupler Switch
Used to close the bus coupler breaker for Back Synchronising
with the grid when S3 is in the "Manual" position.
S8 Incomer/Bus Coupler Selector Switch
Selects the Incomer or Bus Coupler breaker for
back-synchronising. This is a spring loaded "one-shot"
switch which de-latches after the selected breaker closes.
U1- Power Meter
The GMC A2000 Multifunctional Power Meter registers the
following: Power, Power Factor, Reactive Power, Frequency,
Voltage and Current for display on the HMI screen. In
addition the meter totalises Power and Reactive Power

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Panel Mounted Meters

These meters are mounted behind the swing door and record the
units operating history:
Starts Counter
Fired Hours Counter
Max Hours Counter
Kilowatt Hours Counter
Liquid Hours Run Counter

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DC Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs)

All d.c. miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are located at the bottom
of the panel :

MCB31 Engine Control Unit (ECU) MCB37 Solenoids Bedplate

GasBlock & Vent Valves
MCB32 Main PLC MCB38 Ignition Exciter

MCB33 Emergency Stop Relay MCB39 Solenoids Wash Valves

MCB34 Generator & Differential MCB40 Spare

Protection Relays
MCB41 Solenoids Liquid Fuel
Valves
MCB35 Power Monitor MCB42 Motor Control Centre

MCB36 Solenoids External Gas MCB43 HMI

Valves

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MANUAL SYNCHRONISING.

1. Using the Excitation raise/lower switch, adjust the Incoming

(generator) Voltage to match that of the Running (grid) Voltage on
the Double Volts Meter. The two red LEDs at the bottom of the
Synchrocope should extinguish and the green LEDs illuminate.
2. Adjust the Incoming Frequency to match the Running Frequency
on the Double Frequency Meter. Further adjust the Frequency so
that each of the 24 LEDs is illuminating, in a clockwise direction, at
approximately half second intervals. This indicates that the
Incoming Frequency is slightly faster than the Running Frequency
enabling the generator to accept a small amount of load as the
breaker is closed, thus avoiding Reverse Power.
3. Operate the Breaker Close Switch as the LED at the 12 o'clock
position illuminates and the two green "In Limits" lamps light up.
The breaker will close providing the voltage and frequency are
within limits.
4. The generator will now ramp up to preset levels.

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Other Equipment

Also mounted in the left hand panel are the following pieces of
equipment:
Engine Control Unit (ECU)
Generator Protection Relay
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
DC MCBs

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ENGINE CONTROL UNIT

The Engine Control Unit (ECU) is a self contained unit

Configurable parameters are held in EEPROM.
Configuration is possible via a modem link over the telephone line.
FUNCTIONS
Direct Control of the Gas turbine.
Digital control system.
Monitors parameters, such as fuel flow, turbine temperatures and
speeds.
Controls the fuel fed to the engine using the fuel metering valves via
a closed loop controller.
Sequence inputs are provided by the main PLC along with turbine
setpoints.
Safety features allow the ECU to shutdown the turbine in the case of
an emergency.

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Resetting the ECU

The HMI Screen displays "Engine Control Unit Fault" - Press the
HMI reset touchbutton
The HMI Screen displays "Back Up ECU Fault" - Switch the Main
On/Off Switch on the front of the ECU, off and then back on and
then reset the HMI.

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ECU Display Screen and Function Buttons

The screen displays a variety of functions and parameters for control

of the turbine that are being utilised by the control system. All
information is in an abbreviated form and can only be changed by
Centrax/Allison Personnel who have the Password. The screens may
be viewed using the function keys without affecting the operation of
the set.
F1 Function key used in conjunction with each page
F2 Alters the brightness of the display on the screen
F3 Lists the Analogue Inputs to the ECU, may be scrolled through
with keys
F4 Lists the Analogue Outputs to the ECU, scroll through with
keys
F3 + F1 Lists the Digital Inputs to the ECU, scroll through with
keys

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ECU Display Screen and Function Buttons

F4 + F1 Lists the Digital Outputs to the ECU, scroll through with

keys
F5 Data and control parameter listings including speed
temperature etc scroll through with keys
F6 Title Page with list of system details, scroll through with
keys

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ALTERNATOR & DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS

The Alstom MiCOM P342 is a micro processor based,

multifunction relay which integrates a number of common
generator protection functions and associated scheme logic into a
single relay case.
The Alstom MX3DPT3A relay provides differential protection for
the "protected area" - from the alternator terminals to the
generator breaker including a transformer if fitted.
The relays are pre-programmed and require no customer
adjustment.

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Protection

PROTECTION RELAY FUNCTION HMI DISPLAY

Reverse Power TRIP BREAKER ALARM/TRIP

Loss of Excitation TRIP BREAKER SHUTDOWN/TRIP

Earth Fault TRIP BREAKER SHUTDOWN/TRIP

Under/Over Frequency TRIP BREAKER SHUTDOWN/TRIP

Under/Over Voltage TRIP BREAKER SHUTDOWN/TRIP

Overcurrent TRIP BREAKER ALARM/TRIP

Negative Phase Sequence TRIP BREAKER ALARM/TRIP

Differential Fault TRIP BREAKER SHUTDOWN/TRIP

Negative Phase Sequence Trip TRIP ALARM/TRIP

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Resetting the Protection Relays

The fault condition will be displayed on the HMI and indicated by a

lamp on the relay.
The fault should be ACKnowledged, to silence the warning siren
and then reset using the Reset button on the HMI screen.
As the breaker will have opened the fault condition will normally
have cleared from the relay and it will reset automatically. It is
important to investigate the cause, and correct the fault, before
attempting to restart or synchronise the generator.
The Alarm/Trip will be displayed on the relay window and the
relevant lamp will be illuminated.
When the fault has cleared the Alarm/Trip lamp will go out. The
fault condition must also be cleared from the HMI screen, press
the reset on the screen.

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Automatic Voltage Regulator

TYPE:
Leroy Somer R630 AVR
Designed to operate in Island, Parallel with other sets, Parallel with
the grid using COS Ø or KVAR regulation.
Voltage of Generator maintained within +/- 1%.

CONTROL SECTION 16 PAGE 27-28