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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

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Sonam Sinha
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6K views32 pages

Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

Uploaded by

Sonam Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Evectrric Cuaraes & Fierds ° ofa + Forre between Tuo Point charges + +2 Scalar form Vector oe where , ‘arg, = 9X 107 Nmte? & = permittivity of free space = 8.05413 x16" ¢?/Nm* ©) Absoluce perm tivity of Medium ( Dielectric Constant) v t where, & = absolute perens Havity of mediurn , bx = velative permittivity © Principle of Superposition of Electrostatic Forces : forces behoeen Multiple Charges a Fo= Fort For + Fos +.. -t Fon (sea lor err) (vec bor for) wher, Tol = Tor Tis Fors force on q, due to qi @ Electrostatte fotce due to (Continuswr Charge Dish bution = (i) Linear Charge Distribution 3 (Chege dishi buted along a line) + - Adk % Fe we \, 4a rc i dq= hol = linear chor densi Ce where Seer per al he nt) ‘ W dhe sat lenath element: Py, ~ * 4¥ lineqr charge asabeton Ui) Surface Charge Dishibution “(Charge dishibuted over a plane earfac) § a , odS « 4m € Ta? © here, ¢ = surface charge density (charge per unit area) dS = srnalt surface element (Charge distribufed over a volume) = me Valurne Charge Distribution : Tavs Ra? os i “Te or @heve, f= volume charge density a (charge por Ue ‘eee dq= fav oa dN) = snail Volume element ST Unit» NC © Electric Field Intensity (€): B= ne (Vector quantity ) @ Electic Field due q paint charge + a} Moment + } Electric_Dipele A 6 abe 8 \—a ic fi ie Dipole + © Electric Field due ty Electric e ee () Electric Field at a Part om the Arial Line due 40 Electric “Dipol Pov 1s fee ange (42) | Seep femme Sa When _[ecy “4 leat e oxi = 1 2p kK 24 ——} anf. 3 ial Line due to Ni) Electric Field at a Point om the Equatorial Line du Electric Dipole + E 2 eae equatorial = 3 ea When Jecy, -t I pl E equatorial 5 aes -2- ® ‘Torque an An Electric Dipsle Flaced in a Oniforrn Electric Field } (vector foro) (0 Minireare Torque Ss When 0=0° or tt Note ; Dipole ts in stable equilibrium (1) Moximur Torque = im Uniform electric fitld when angle When sin 0=1 3 O=n/r between, Pard & is and ty Sree “gules when ante fs tc (3 Work done and Potential Energy of Electric Dipole + ~ [We pe (cos 01 ~ cos 6,)| londitions = Potential energy of electvic dipole () a os 0.277 when if volate “from Br = 90° te 9 [\W- . We pe (cos 90° - cos 0) i) When Oy= 0° & Ba> Jo Pp § w--pE cos 0 We pe toed) @® Electic Flux + Closed Surface S be = $E.dS=¥] (Gauss Theor) — ze & “oles as ere —X.“E ST. Unit = Nimtc-! or TemC' ox Vem ( 02! Quantity - Scakas ee (re) Applica Hans ®| Gauss' Theorem + (1) Electric field due to Infinitely long uniformly changed wire. = — i rng Ong Qtr bo ¥ fe " whee, y is the L distance frm the changed wire. i) ¥leetne TTP & haussian - surface eld due fo q thin in finite Jane “sheet ch ee fi P f chege (f infinite p | Sheet af ch ") [ 6 c ie ony chon ged e+ 4 at torductng 5 rs) swulace q wface ofa, 1) Electric fied due to @ thin chasged sphesticat shel) of rool tus OR ot a Peotons r frm its centre, \ for point Iying weasal the shett (+>) - hy Se ‘Esl PR Nae Coals (b) For point inside the shell (+ . “>= surface of field at a point tn the surface (+= R) os | Pia An save charge denaity « ELEcrRosvavz¢s PovenvaAl , “AND CAPACETANCE —— 0 ——-0 —9 (0) Elect stot Potential , SI Umit = Volt (v) Geaan Fi ty - Scalay Wolt= 17 ¢7 : @) Electr static Potential Difference = =| Va-Vat Wap ban S = E.dd Q Blechestahe potential due ta Point Chasge 3 ©) Electrostatic potential dur to an Electric Dipole «— f- cos 0 @ flectroctatt potential dur t a sys dem of Charges = | 3 gt) fwher, + a the position Vector y { re z, Iv-yil} la point P wd the origin. 6 Electrostah'c Potential due t a Thin Charged ee Shell + (t) inside the shell fs JY=4_ i)on the Surface of shell is (iii) outside the shell fe (3) Relation between Electric field & Potential Grnclient = E: - ay (neen sign Indicate, that the direchion eleednic : Field 8 from higher potential to lovoen Htentiat a cat Energy ih an Exdennal Field + ' Potentia! Enevgy of a dingle Chaxge > 1 U ¥Vr) b) Potential Enevgy 4 a Str ef Ghoneene Vee wy) + vl) (ee) @) Dielectyic Constant (k) a (Relative pomittivity ov Speci fi = Cdiclects Inductive capacity” of dielectric) Fal jelectric Croc m. he E> extemal electri field of condensen with vacuum or alt Cdielectric = Capac Cvarauvo = Capacity with dielertrie behocen the phiss ®O Dieleetrics K Polarisation * Pt kek where, Pp: polewisation (dipole moment per unit volume) Xe = Flectric susceptibility of dielectric mediurn (2) Relation behseen dielectric constant and electric suscephbility + @ Capacitance of a Conductor + ev 9 where, C= capacitance of @ conductor Unit = Farad (F) if fatad = 1 coulomb 1 volt 1 C= £A d blhen a dielectric oF dielectric constant Te) bud d K is filled fully between the ph iieest: ) Plater, ther, - = KC, ‘ee dently Es) d @® Capacitance of a parallel plate Capacitor poortiol ly filled a dielectic medium of dielectric constant kK where, each plate A= area of d- separation bin two plates t> thickness of dielectric medium @ Capacitance of itor 4 be @ Cop © of a Parole! Plate Capacitor bean Arta A CS ~ Earthed with Y) etl kd} Y | * 6 Capacitance ‘ an isolated spherical conductor of wvodius ¥ > &) Capa im slab , Hane of the ¢ acifor when a metallic tonduc tng 's partially filled in a capacitor i & A \ . °° ( The dielectric constant op a metallic Conductor ts _inginity eg B Serieg combination ne citorg + pHEHE | (a) Equi valent Capacitance + Webeks tL ptt eat ty, (b) Equivalent Capacitance of of n mn identical eapa ape ae In series each of voce Cots given by + (8 Paratiel Com bination Capacitors = @) Bquivalent capacitance + [ G+a+G) (>) Squivalent capacitance of n identical capacitors Connected in peralie! each of capacitance ct nc ©) Brergy Stored in Capacitor 4 where, y= charge on capacitor C= capacitance and Ve potential difference adores s capacitor +(8 @) Cornmen Potentiol = |e CV, + GVp | ty | there, Cr & Cy are Capacitors of two condenser chonged to potentials Vy & Va. 3 Ener gy densi nerdy stored, pe unit volurne) i OC) Slectere Conent + fT: The =o) (2 y=ne) Sa Scalas SL Unit= amp ew 1A = leoulemb (c) _ -1¢/s 1 second (s) @® Current Density + Wher, A= area ot conductor Buantity = Vector SL Unit= ampe [rnetre?( A/mm?) @ Ohm's Law + Vet aaa No effect of Vand I om RK becaute a. Os Vi inerease, I imerease but R remains the same 0 I © Resistance of a Conductor sx Unit = ohm (2) Resistance can also be whitten as, [R= where , L= length of the conductor, _ A = Area of ervoss-section, and f = constart , Known as resistivity of the material e “ep yect of feevotor on Resistance + Re = Ril + @ (ts 49) here, Ra R. Ove the ae at t,0 and t, °c. wepectively and x ts lempreten aoe of resistance , © Dif Velocity oa wher, c= average vlaxation fime of free Blectreem E = electvic field m= mass of the electron and e@ = electronic charge. Note = The drigt Velocity ia of elechon ts of the order of fot mst - 4 GI Mobility + [= a7 = et/m) St Units ms '¥ ® Resistivity of Vario Material + wher, ne vumbe, af gree electrons per unit volume. Q Conductance ST Unit= mho (0) or siemen($) @ Conductivity + SI Unit = mbho per metre (2-n)" (1) Relation between Jo kee (microscopic "m9 f Ohm's Java ie) Combinations 4 Resistors on () Series Combinctien < Req = Rit Rit. +Ry (ii) Parallel Combination + (4. 4 plete ig 1 1 Rs Rn K AL n identical vesistors each of vesistance + are connected In (i) series combination , (i) porollel combination, @® Emr. of a cell 4 & Relation between +,R,E and V = [y= R(E/N- ) wher, y- internal resistance | R= external vesistance, E= emf of cell 1 Ne eae volta cell Alo, [V= E-Ir) & fv re rR k lal 6) 8) ‘During charging of the cell, (Vee + ty) Ir 6 Series Combination = @® Parallel (ombination : “nchon R ie) . Is @ Kirebhagg's Fest Low = (Tanction fele) Oo (EE), Th Tith ti; Ta T4

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