Operating System

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COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

LECTURE – INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Identify the functions and services of an operating


system.
 Identify different examples of an operating system.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions
that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer
hardware resources.

When you turn on a computer, the operating system programs run and
check to be sure all the parts of the computer are functioning properly

Once loaded, the operating system manages all activities on the computer
and the interactions with input (keyboard, mouse, etc.) and output devices
(printers, monitors, etc.).
OPERATING SYSTEMS

If you run a program like Microsoft


Word, the operating system is
actually managing how you interact
with Word: how you tell it what font
to use, what margins you want, and
how Word prints to the printer.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Allocates/ Decides which


Keeps track of process will get
primary memory De – allocates memory when
memory and how much

Memory Management
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Keeps Allocates/ De- Decides which


allocates the process gets the
track of all device in the most device when and
devices efficient way for how much time

Process Management
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Keeps track of Allocates/ Decides who


information,
location, uses, De-allocates gets the
status etc. resources resources

File Management
OTHER IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES

SECURITY

ERROR DETECTION

CONTROL SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE

JOB ACCOUNTING

COORDINATE OTHER
SOFTWARE AND USER
DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

One of the first operating systems for the personal computer.

DISK
When you turn the computer on, all you can see is the
OPERATING command prompt which looked like c:\ >.
SYSTEM
You have to type all commands at the command prompt which
might look like c:\>wp\wp.exe.

This is called a command-line interface.


DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

product of Microsoft

with GUI (graphical user interface) operating


WINDOWS system

with WIMP(Windows, icons, menus, pointing


device) interface
DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Macintosh

MAC Product of Apple


OS has GUI and WIMP features.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Linux (the PC version of Unix)

UNIX Has command line interface before

Has GUI enhancements


COMMON OPERATING SYSTEMS

Operating System Developer


Corel Linux Corel
Linux Linus Torvalds
Chrome OS Google
Mac OS Apple
MS DOS Microsoft
Windows Microsoft
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 Program execution
 Operating systems handle many kinds of activities from user programs to system
programs like printer spooler, name servers, file server, etc. Each of these activities is
encapsulated as a process.
 Loads a program into memory
 Executes the program
 Handles program's execution
 Provides a mechanism for process synchronization
 Provides a mechanism for process communication
 Provides a mechanism for deadlock handling
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 I/O Operations
 An I/O subsystem comprises of I/O devices and their
corresponding driver software. Drivers hide the peculiarities of
specific hardware devices from the users.
 I/O operation means read or write operation with any file or any
specific I/O device.
 Operating system provides the access to the required I/O device
when required.
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 File System manipulation


 A file represents a collection of related information. Computers can store files on the
disk (secondary storage), for long-term storage purpose.
 Program needs to read a file or write a file.
 The operating system gives the permission to the program for operation on file.
 Permission varies from read-only, read-write, denied, and so on.
 Operating System provides an interface to the user to create/delete files.
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 Communication
 In case of distributed systems which are a collection of processors that do not share
memory, peripheral devices, or a clock, the operating system manages
communications between all the processes. Multiple processes communicate with
one another through communication lines in the network.
 Two processes often require data to be transferred between them.
 Both the processes can be on one computer or on different computers, but are
connected through a computer network.
 Communication may be implemented by two methods, either by Shared Memory or by
Message Passing.
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 Error Detection
 Errors can occur anytime and anywhere. An error may
occur in CPU, in I/O devices or in the memory
hardware.
 The OS constantly checks for possible errors.
 The OS takes an appropriate action to ensure correct and
consistent computing.
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

 Resource Allocation
 In case of multi-user or multi-tasking environment, resources
such as main memory, CPU cycles and files storage are to be
allocated to each user or job.
 The OS manages all kinds of resources using schedulers.
 CPU scheduling algorithms are used for better utilization of CPU.
OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES
 Protection
 Protection refers to a mechanism or a way to control the
access of programs, processes, or users to the resources
defined by a computer system.
 The OS ensures that all access to system resources is controlled.
 The OS ensures that external I/O devices are protected from
invalid access attempts.
 The OS provides authentication features for each user by means
of passwords.

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