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    Ip Addressing The IP (Internet Protocol)

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    Novelyn Rabino
    The document discusses IP addressing and how data is transmitted over the internet. It covers: - The basics of IP including its development by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. - How IP addresses identify devices and are classified into classes A, B, C for ranges. Common addresses include loopback and broadcast. - The different address types within a network including network, broadcast and host addresses. - How addresses can be static or dynamically assigned through DHCP and examples of common addresses like 192.168.1.1 for routers. - How data is sent in packets that are examined and routed by devices to transmit information between networks in smaller

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ip Addressing The IP (Internet Protocol)

    Uploaded by

    Novelyn Rabino
    33 views5 pages
    The document discusses IP addressing and how data is transmitted over the internet. It covers: - The basics of IP including its development by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. - How IP addresses identify devices and are classified into classes A, B, C for ranges. Common addresses include loopback and broadcast. - The different address types within a network including network, broadcast and host addresses. - How addresses can be static or dynamically assigned through DHCP and examples of common addresses like 192.168.1.1 for routers. - How data is sent in packets that are examined and routed by devices to transmit information between networks in smaller

    Original Title

    IP ADDRESS

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    The document discusses IP addressing and how data is transmitted over the internet. It covers: - The basics of IP including its development by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. - How IP addresses identify devices and are classified into classes A, B, C for ranges. Common addresses include loopback and broadcast. - The different address types within a network including network, broadcast and host addresses. - How addresses can be static or dynamically assigned through DHCP and examples of common addresses like 192.168.1.1 for routers. - How data is sent in packets that are examined and routed by devices to transmit information between networks in smaller

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views5 pages

    Ip Addressing The IP (Internet Protocol)

    Uploaded by

    Novelyn Rabino
    The document discusses IP addressing and how data is transmitted over the internet. It covers: - The basics of IP including its development by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. - How IP addresses identify devices and are classified into classes A, B, C for ranges. Common addresses include loopback and broadcast. - The different address types within a network including network, broadcast and host addresses. - How addresses can be static or dynamically assigned through DHCP and examples of common addresses like 192.168.1.1 for routers. - How data is sent in packets that are examined and routed by devices to transmit information between networks in smaller

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    IP ADDRESSING

    The IP (Internet Protocol)


    It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It specifies the way
    information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed, and received by networked
    devices.
    IP History

    • Its development began in 1974, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and Vint
    Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control Protocol
    or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP.
    • The first major version of the Internet Protocol was version 4, or IPv4. In 1981, it
    was formally defined in RFC 791 by the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF.
    • The successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was formalized by the IETF in 1998. It was
    designed to eventually replace IPv4. As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately 20%
    of all Internet traffic.

    An IP address is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet.


    It is similar to a mailing address, which identifies where postal mail comes from and
    where it should be delivered. IP addresses uniquely identify the source and destination
    of data transmitted with the Internet Protocol.

    GOOGLE IP ADDRESS

    216.58.220.196
    IP Address Classes

    With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B,
    Class C, Class D, and Class E. Only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows
    for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the table below.

    Default Subnet
    Class Address Range Supports
    Mask
    Supports 16 million
    1.0.0.1 to
    Class A hosts on each of 255.0.0.0
    126.255.255.254
    127 networks.
    Supports 65000
    128.1.0.1 to
    Class B hosts on each of 255.255.0.0
    191.255.255.254
    16000 networks
    Supports 254 hosts
    192.0.1.1 to
    Class C on each of 2 million 255.255.255.0
    223.255.254.254
    networks
    224.0.0.0 to Reserved for
    Class D
    239.255.255.255 multicast groups
    240.0.0.0 to Reserved for future
    Class E
    254.255.255.254 use, or research
    and development
    purposes

    Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for loopback or localhost. For example, 127.0.0.1 is the
    loopback address. Range 255.255.255.255 broadcasts to all hosts on the local network.

    Addresses for Different Purposes

    Within the address range of each IPv4 network, we have three types of addresses:

    • Network address

    The network address is a standard way to refer to a network. For example, we


    could refer to the network in the figure as "the 10.0.0.0 network." This is a much
    more convenient and descriptive way to refer to the network than using a term
    like "the first network." All hosts in the 10.0.0.0 network will have the same
    network bits. Within the IPv4 address range of a network, the lowest address is
    reserved for the network address. This address has a 0 for each host bit in the
    host portion of the address.

    • Broadcast address

    The IPv4 broadcast address is a special address for each network that allows
    communication to all the hosts in that network. To send data to all hosts in a
    network, a host can send a single packet that is addressed to the broadcast
    address of the network. The broadcast address uses the highest address in the
    network range. This is the address in which the bits in the host portion are all
    1s. For the network 10.0.0.0 with 24 network bits, the broadcast address would
    be 10.0.0.255. This address is also referred to as the directed broadcast.

    • Host addresses - The addresses assigned to the end devices in the network

    Every end device requires a unique address to deliver a packet to that host. In
    IPv4 addresses, we assign the values between the network address and the
    broadcast address to the devices in that network

    Static vs Dynamic IP Addresses


    IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically assigned (they
    can change automatically) or statically assigned (they’re intended to change and must
    be changed manually). Most home networks use dynamic allocation. Your router used
    DHCP to temporarily assign, or “lease” an IP address to your device. After a period of
    time, this lease “expires”, and the router renews your old address or assigns you a new
    one, depending on the needs of the network and the configuration of the router.
    If you have tried to change settings on your router, you may be familiar with the address
    192.168.1.1. Commonly, this is your router’s address. If you enter this address in to the
    address bar of your web browser, you can open your router’s configuration interface.
    (Router’s address may be different – check your manual).

    How data is sent to an IP address on another network

    Packet

    The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to describe a
    segment of data sent from one computer or devices to another over a network. You can
    think of it as a package filled with data being delivered to another area. A packet is used
    because it divides data into “easier-to-manage chunks”, which move information more
    efficiently and keep network resources from being tied up by single, larger file.
    What is in a packet?

    Network packet basics

    • Another name for a packet is a datagram.


    • Data transferred over the Internet is sent as one or more packets. The most
    common packet sent is the TCP packet.
    • The size of a packet is limited, so most data sent over a network is broken up
    into multiple packets before being sent out and then put back together when
    received.
    • When a packet is transmitted over a network, network routers and switches
    examine the packet and its source to help direct it to the correct location.
    • During its transmission, network packets can be dropped. If a packet is not
    received or an error occurs, it is sent gain.

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