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Trigonometry Notes - 11th Standard

This document contains definitions, formulas, and identities related to trigonometric functions. It defines the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant over their domains and ranges. It then lists over 50 trigonometric identities involving sums, differences, and multiples of trigonometric functions. It concludes with additional properties and formulas for trigonometric functions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9K views7 pages

Trigonometry Notes - 11th Standard

This document contains definitions, formulas, and identities related to trigonometric functions. It defines the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant over their domains and ranges. It then lists over 50 trigonometric identities involving sums, differences, and multiples of trigonometric functions. It concludes with additional properties and formulas for trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

SL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Angle 0˚ 15˚ 18˚ 30˚ 36˚ 45˚ 54˚ 60˚ 72˚ 75˚ 90˚

3−1 5−1 1 10 − 2 5 1 5+1 3 10 + 2 5 3+1


sin 𝜃 0 1
2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
3+1 10 + 2 5 3 5+1 1 10 − 2 5 1 5−1 3−1
cos 𝜃 1 0
2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
3−1 5−1 1 10 − 2 5 5+1 10 + 2 5 3+1
tan 𝜃 0 1 3 Undefined
3+1 10 + 2 5 3 5+1 10 − 2 5 5−1 3−1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cot 𝜃 Undefined tan 𝜃 tan 𝜃 3 tan 𝜃 1 tan 𝜃 3 tan 𝜃 tan 𝜃 0
1 1 2 1 1 1 1
sec 𝜃 1 2 2 Undefined
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 3 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 Undefined 1 sin 𝜃 1
sin 𝜃 2 1
sin 𝜃 2 1
sin 𝜃
1
sin 𝜃
1
sin 𝜃 0
3

Function Domain Range


sin 𝜃 𝑥 ∈𝑅 𝑦 ∈ [−1, 1]
cos 𝜃 𝑥 ∈𝑅 𝑦 ∈ [−1, 1]
𝜋
tan 𝜃 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − 𝑛𝜋 + ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 𝑦 ∈𝑅
2

cot 𝜃 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} 𝑦 ∈𝑅
𝜋
sec 𝜃 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − 𝑛𝜋 + ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 − (−1, 1)
2

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 − (−1, 1)

Trigonometric Identities:
1) sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 1
2) 1 + tan 𝜃 = sec 𝜃
3) cot 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃

General Solutions:

sin 𝜃 = sin 𝛼 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 𝛼

cos 𝜃 = cos 𝛼 𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝛼

tan 𝜃 = tan 𝛼 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + 𝛼

cot 𝜃 = cot 𝛼 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + 𝛼

sec 𝜃 = sec 𝛼 𝜃 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝛼

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 𝛼
Trigonometric Formulae

1. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵


2. sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵
3. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
4. cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
5. tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
6. tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵−1
7. cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cot 𝐴+cot 𝐵
1+cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵
8. cot(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cot 𝐵−cot 𝐴

9. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐵 = cos2 𝐵 − cos2 𝐴


10. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐵 = cos2 𝐵 − sin2 𝐴
𝜋 1+tan 𝐴
11. tan(4 + 𝐴) = 1−tan 𝐴
𝜋 1−tan 𝐴
12. tan(4 − 𝐴) = 1+tan 𝐴
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
13. sin 𝐶 + sin 𝐷 = 2 sin ( ) cos ( 2 )
2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
14. sin 𝐶 − sin 𝐷 = 2 cos ( ) sin ( 2 )
2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
15. cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐷 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( 2 )
2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
16. cos 𝐶 − cos 𝐷 = −2 sin ( ) sin ( 2 )
2
2 tan 𝐴
17. sin 2𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 = 1+tan2 𝐴
1−tan2 𝐴
18. cos 2𝐴 = cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 = 1+tan2 𝐴
2 tan 𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
19. tan 2𝐴 = 1−tan2 𝐴 = sin 𝐴

20. sin 3𝐴 = 3 sin 𝐴 − 4 sin3 𝐴


21. cos 3𝐴 = 4 cos3 𝐴 − 3 cos 𝐴
3 tan 𝐴−tan3 𝐴
22. tan 3𝐴 = 1−3 tan2 𝐴
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵+tan 𝐶−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶
23. tan(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵−tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶−tan 𝐶 tan 𝐴
𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
24. tan2 2 = 1+cos 𝐴
𝐴
25. 1 + cos 𝐴 = 2 cos2 2
𝐴
26. 1 − cos2 𝐴 = 2 sin2
2

𝐴 𝐴 2
27. 1 + sin 𝐴 = (sin 2 + cos 2 )
𝐴 𝐴 2 𝐴 𝐴 2
28. 1 − sin 𝐴 = (sin 2 − cos 2 ) = (cos 2 − sin 2 )

29. tan 𝜃 − cot 𝜃 = −2 cot 2𝜃


30. tan 𝜃 (1 + sec 2𝜃) = tan 2𝜃
𝜋
31. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 4 , (1 + tan 𝐴)(1 + tan 𝐵) = 2
3𝜋
32. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐵 = , (1 − tan 𝐴)(1 − tan 𝐵) = 2
4
𝜋
33. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐵 = , (1 + cot 𝐴)(1 + cot 𝐵) = 2
4

34. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 𝑛𝜋, tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵 + tan 𝐶 = tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶


𝜋
35. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 , tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 + tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶 + tan 𝐶 tan 𝐴 = 1

36. sin 𝜃 − sin(60˚ + 𝜃) + sin(60˚ − 𝜃) = 0


37. sin 𝜃 + sin(120˚ + 𝜃) − sin(120˚ − 𝜃) = 0
38. sin 𝜃 + sin(240˚ + 𝜃) − sin(240˚ − 𝜃) = 0
39. cos 𝜃 + cos(60˚ − 𝜃) + cos(60˚ − 𝜃) = 0
40. cos 𝜃 + cos(120° + 𝜃) + cos(120° − 𝜃) = 0
41. cos 𝜃 + cos(240° + 𝜃) + cos(240° − 𝜃) = 0
42. tan 𝜃 + tan(𝜃 − 60°) + tan(𝜃 + 60°) = 3 tan 3𝜃
43. tan 𝜃 + tan(𝜃 − 120°) + tan(𝜃 + 120°) = 3 tan 3𝜃
44. tan 𝜃 + tan(𝜃 − 240°) + tan(𝜃 + 240°) = 3 tan 3𝜃
1
45. sin 𝜃 sin(60° − 𝜃) sin(60° + 𝜃) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃
1
46. sin 𝜃 sin(120° − 𝜃) sin(120° + 𝜃) = sin 3𝜃
4
1
47. cos 𝜃 cos(60° − 𝜃) cos 60° + 𝜃) = cos 3𝜃
4
1
48. cos 𝜃 cos(120° − 𝜃) cos(120° + 𝜃) = 4 cos 3𝜃

49. tan 𝜃 tan(60° − 𝜃) tan(60° + 𝜃) = tan 3𝜃


50. tan 𝜃 tan(120° − 𝜃) tan(120° + 𝜃) = tan 3𝜃
3
51. sin2 𝜃 + sin2 (60° − 𝜃) + sin2 (60° + 𝜃) =
2
3
52. sin2 𝜃 + sin2 (120° − 𝜃) + sin2 (120° + 𝜃) = 2
3
53. cos2 𝜃 + cos2 (60° − 𝜃) + cos2 (60° + 𝜃) = 2
3
54. cos2 𝜃 + cos2 (120° − 𝜃) + cos2 (120° + 𝜃) = 2
sin(2𝑛+1 𝜃)
55. cos 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 cos 4𝜃 cos 8𝜃 … cos 2𝑛 𝜃 = 2𝑛+1 sin 𝜃

56. tan 𝜃 + 2 tan 2𝜃 + 4 tan 4𝜃 … + 2𝑛−1 tan(2𝑛−1 𝜃) + 2𝑛 cot 2𝑛 𝜃 = cot 𝜃


2 cos2 2𝑛−1 𝜃
57. (1 + sec 2𝜃 )(1 + sec 4𝜃)(1 + sec 8𝜃) … (1 + sec 2𝑛 𝜃) = cos 2𝑛 𝜃
= cot 𝜃 tan 2𝑛 𝜃

58. |𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃| ≤ √𝑎 2 + 𝑏2


𝜋 3𝜋
+𝑣𝑒, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ (− 4 , 4
3𝜋 7𝜋
59. sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = −𝑣𝑒, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ (4 , 4)
3𝜋 7𝜋
{ 0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4
𝑜𝑟 4 }
𝑛𝛽
sin 2 𝑛−1
60. sin 𝛼 + sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 + 2𝛽) … + sin(𝛼 + (𝑛 − 1)𝛽) = 𝛽 sin(𝛼 + 𝛽)
sin 2 2

𝑛𝛽
sin 2 𝑛−1
61. cos 𝛼 + cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) + cos(𝛼 + 2𝛽) … + cos(𝛼 + (𝑛 − 1)𝛽) = 𝛽 cos(𝛼 + 𝛽)
sin 2 2

62. .

63. .

64. .

65. .

66. .
67. .

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
68. Sine Rule: = sin 𝐵 = sin 𝐶 (= 2𝑅)
sin 𝐴

69. Cosine Rule:


𝑏2+𝑐 2−𝑎 2
(i) cos 𝐴 = 2𝑏𝑐
𝑐 2 +𝑎 2 −𝑏2
(ii) cos 𝐵 = 2𝑐𝑎
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
(iii) cos 𝐶 = 2𝑎𝑏

70. Napier’s Analogy:


𝐴−𝐵 𝑎−𝑏 𝐶 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝑎−𝑏
(i) tan = cot ⇒ tan cot =
2 𝑎+𝑏 2 2 2 𝑎+𝑏

𝐵−𝐶 𝑏−𝑐 𝐴 𝐵−𝐶 𝐵+𝐶 𝑏−𝑐


(ii) tan = 𝑏+𝑐 cot 2 ⇒ tan cot 2 = 𝑏+𝑐
2 2

𝐶−𝐴 𝑐−𝑎 𝐵 𝐶−𝐴 𝐶+𝐴 𝑐−𝑎


(iii) tan = 𝑐+𝑎 cot 2 ⇒ tan cot 2 = 𝑐+𝑎
2 2

71. Projection Law:


(i) 𝑎 = 𝑏 cos 𝐶 + 𝑐 cos 𝐵
(ii) 𝑏 = 𝑐 cos 𝐴 + 𝑎 cos 𝐶
(iii) 𝑐 = 𝑎 cos 𝐵 + 𝑏 cos 𝐴
72. m-n Theorem: (𝑚 + 𝑛) cot 𝜃 = 𝑛 cot 𝐵 − 𝑚 cot 𝐶
73. Area of a Triangle:
1
(i) ∆ = 2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
1 1 1
(ii) ∆ = 2 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 = 2 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴 = 2 𝑐𝑎 sin 𝐵

(iii) ∆ = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)


𝑎𝑏𝑐
(iv) ∆= 4𝑅

(v) ∆ = 𝑟. 𝑠
𝑐 2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝑎 2 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 𝑏2 sin 𝐶 sin 𝐴
(vi) ∆= 2 sin 𝐶
= 2 sin 𝐴
= 2 sin 𝐵
1
(vii) ∆ = 4 √2(𝑎 2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏2 𝑐 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎 2 ) − (𝑎 4 + 𝑏4 + 𝑐 4 )
1
(viii) ∆ = 4 √(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐)(−𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
4 𝑀𝑎 +𝑀𝑏+𝑀𝑐
(ix) With medians Ma, Mb, Mc: ∆ = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑀𝑎 )(𝑠 − 𝑀𝑏 )(𝑠 − 𝑀𝑐 ) , where 𝑠 =
3 2

𝑠2 𝑀𝑎 +𝑀𝑏+𝑀𝑐
(x) ∆ ≤ 3√3 , where 𝑠 = 2

(xi) ∆ = 2𝑅 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶


74. Semi-angle formulae:
𝐴 (𝑠−𝑏)(𝑠−𝑐)
(i) sin 2 = √ 𝑏𝑐

𝐵 (𝑠−𝑐)(𝑠−𝑎)
(ii) sin = √
2 𝑐𝑎

𝐶 (𝑠−𝑎)(𝑠−𝑏)
(iii) sin 2 = √ 𝑎𝑏

𝐴 𝑠(𝑠−𝑎)
(iv) cos 2 = √ 𝑏𝑐

𝐵 𝑠(𝑠−𝑏)
(v) cos 2 = √ 𝑐𝑎

𝐶 𝑠(𝑠−𝑐)
(vi) cos 2 = √ 𝑎𝑏

𝐴 (𝑠−𝑏)(𝑠−𝑐)
(vii) tan 2 = √ 𝑠(𝑠−𝑎)

𝐵 (𝑠−𝑐)(𝑠−𝑎)
(viii) tan 2 = √ 𝑠(𝑠−𝑏)

𝐶 (𝑠−𝑎)(𝑠−𝑏)
(ix) tan 2 = √ 𝑠(𝑠−𝑐)


75. 𝑟 = 𝑠 [r is inradius]

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
76. 𝑟 = (𝑠 − 𝑎) tan 2 = (𝑠 − 𝑏) tan 2 = (𝑠 − 𝑐) tan 2
𝐵 𝐶 𝐶 𝐴 𝐴 𝐵
𝑎 sin 2 sin 2 𝑏 sin 2 sin 2 𝑐 sin 2 sin 2
77. 𝑟 = 𝐴 = 𝐵 = 𝐶
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2

𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
78. 𝑟 = 4𝑅 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2

79. Distance of Vertex from Incentre:


𝐴
(i) 𝐴𝐼 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝐵
(ii) 𝐵𝐼 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝐶
(iii) 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

80. Length of Internal Angle Bisector:


2𝑏𝑐 𝐴
(i) 𝐴𝑃 = cos
𝑏+𝑐 2
2𝑐𝑎 𝐵
(ii) 𝐵𝑄 = cos
𝑐+𝑎 2
2𝑎𝑏 𝐶
(iii) 𝐶𝑅 = cos 2
𝑎+𝑏

81. Excircle Values:



(i) 𝑟1 = 𝑠−𝑎

(ii) 𝑟2 = 𝑠−𝑏

(iii) 𝑟3 = 𝑠−𝑐
𝐵 𝐶
𝑎 cos 2 cos2
(iv) 𝑟1 = 𝐴
cos 2

𝐶 𝐴
𝑏 cos 2 cos 2
(v) 𝑟2 = 𝐵
cos 2

𝐴 𝐵
𝑐 cos 2 cos 2
(vi) 𝑟3 = 𝐶
cos 2

𝐴
(vii) 𝑟1 = 𝑠 tan 2
𝐵
(viii) 𝑟2 = 𝑠 tan 2
𝐶
(ix) 𝑟3 = 𝑠 tan 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(x) 𝑟1 = 4𝑅 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(xi) 𝑟2 = 4𝑅 cos sin cos
2 2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(xii) 𝑟3 = 4𝑅 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
𝜋
82. Sum of all interior angles = (2𝑛 − 4) 2 = (𝑛 − 2)𝜋
𝜋
83. 𝐸𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 = 𝑛
(𝑛−2)𝜋
84. 𝐸𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 = 𝑛

85. In a regular polygon:


𝑎 𝜋
(i) 𝑅 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛
𝑎 𝜋
(ii) 𝑟 = 2 cot 𝑛
𝑟 𝜋
(iii) = cos 𝑛
𝑅
𝑛𝑎 2 𝜋
(iv) ∆= cot 𝑛
4
𝑛𝑅 2 𝜋
(v) ∆= sin 𝑛
2
𝑟
86. cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐶 = 1 + 𝑅

87. For 2 n-sided polygons inscribed and circumscribed on a circle of radius r, if their areas
are In and Cn, then:

𝐼𝑛 𝑟 2𝐼𝑛 2

= (1 + 1 − ( 2 ) )
𝐶𝑛 2 𝑛𝑟

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