Protein Synthesis Paper 1 (Multiple Choices)

CHAPTER 5
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Paper 1 (Multiple choices)

1. What would be the result of analysing part of a DNA molecule? C
A hexose sugars and phosphates in equal proportion, and an equal number of cytosine and
guanine bases
B nucleotides and phosphates in equal proportion, and an equal number of adenine and cytosine
bases
C pentose sugars and phosphates in equal proportion, and an equal number of adenine and
thymine bases
D twice as many phosphates as pentose sugars, and an equal number of adenine and guanine
bases
2. The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule. D
Where are hydrogen bonds found?
3. The table shows the sugars and some bases found in RNA and DNA. A
Which is correct?
4. Which diagram shows the bond linking the individual units of a nucleic acid? C
5. Which type of sugar and bonds are found in a DNA molecule? C

6. The diagram shows two bases, X and Y, joined by C
hydrogen bonds (----) in DNA.
What are the correct bases?
7. Which diagram shows the semi-conservative replication of a section of a molecule of DNA? A
8. What does the enzyme DNA polymerase synthesise in a cell? C

A a polypeptide using DNA as a template
B a strand of DNA using a polypeptide as a template
C a strand of DNA using DNA as a template
D a strand of mRNA using DNA as a template
9. DNA is said to replicate in a semi-conservative way. C
Results of Meselson and Stahl’s experiments gave overwhelming support to this theory. They
used E. coli which has a generation time of 50 minutes.
Here are the steps in their experiment but they are in the wrong order.
P All bacteria contain 15N DNA.
Q All bacteria contain hybrid DNA (15N DNA and 14N DNA).
R Bacteria contain either all 14N DNA or hybrid DNA.
S Bacteria grown in a 15N medium for many generations.
T Bacteria transferred to a 14N medium and sampled every 50 minutes.
Which sequence of letters shows the correct order of the steps in the experiment?
A P→Q→R→S→T C S→P→T→Q→R
B P→S→T→R→Q D S→R→Q→P→T
10. Bacteria were grown for many generations in a medium containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen, C
15
N. They were then transferred to a medium containing the light isotope of nitrogen, 14N. They
were given time to replicate DNA and divide once. Their DNA was extracted, spun in a centrifuge
and observed using ultra violet light. The DNA with the 15N settled at a lower depth than the DNA
with the 14N.
Which shows the predicted results after one generation in the medium with the light isotope?
11. Bacteria were cultured in a medium containing heavy nitrogen (15N) until all the DNA was C
labelled. These bacteria were then grown in a medium containing only normal nitrogen (14N) for
five generations. The percentage of cells containing 15N in each generation was estimated.
Which curve provides evidence that DNA replication is semi-conservative?
12. A peptide consists of ten amino acids of four different kinds. A

What is the theoretical minimum number of tRNA molecules required to translate the mRNA for
this peptide?
A4 B 10 C 12 D 30
13. In a DNA molecule, the base sequence AGT codes for the amino acid serine. A
What is the base sequence of the anti-codon on the tRNA to which serine becomes attached?
A AGU B GAU C TCA D UCA
14. The following statements describe events that take place during DNA replication and C
transcription.
Which statement is not correct?
15. Which statements are correct about DNA transcription and translation? D
16. What is the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase? C

A to form a polypeptide using mRNA as a template
B to form a strand of DNA using mRNA as a template
C to form a strand of mRNA using DNA as a template
D to form a strand of mRNA using tRNA as a template
17. The RNA triplet UAG acts as a stop codon terminating the synthesis of a polypeptide. The B
diagram shows a strand of DNA which codes for four amino acids.
Where would a mutation, introducing a thymine nucleotide, result in the termination of
transcription?
18. The table gives the tRNA anticodons for four amino acids. A
A cell makes a polypeptide with the amino acid sequence:

glutamic acid – asparagine – threonine – proline
What was the sequence of bases on the strand of the
DNA which was complimentary to the mRNA from which
this polypeptide was formed?
A CTTTTATGGGGA C GAAAATACCCCT
B CUUUUAUGGGGA D GAAAAUACCCCU
19. In the DNA sequence for sickle cell anaemia, adenine replaces thymine in a CTT triplet, forming A
the triplet CAT. During synthesis of the sickle cell haemoglobin molecule, the amino acid valine is
incorporated instead of glutamic acid.
What is the anticodon in the transfer RNA molecule carrying this valine?
A CAU B CUA C GAU D GUA
20. Which type of molecule is the end product of translation? D
A amino acid B DNA C mRNA D polypeptide
21. Part of the amino acid sequences in normal and sickle cell haemoglobin are shown. D
normal haemoglobin sickle cell haemoglobin

thr-pro-glu-glu thr-pro-val-glu
Possible mRNA codons for these amino acids are
glutamine (glu) GAA GAG proline (pro) CCU CCC

threonine (thr) ACU ACC valine (val) GUA GUG
Which tRNA molecule is not involved in the formation of this part of the sickle cell haemoglobin?
22. A length of double-stranded DNA contains 120 nucleotides and codes for polypeptide X. A
What is the maximum length of polypeptide X?
A 20 amino acids B 40 amino acids C 60 amino acids D 120 amino acids
23. What terminates the formation of a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis in cells? A
A when a ‘stop’ codon is reached on the mRNA molecule
B when a ‘stop’ codon is reached on the tRNA molecule
C when the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA molecule
D when the ribosome reaches the end of the tRNA molecule
24. Some antibacterial drugs can affect the synthesis of proteins. B
Which is the correct set of immediate effects of these drugs?
25. In a DNA molecule, the base sequence AGT codes for the amino acid serine. A
What is the base sequence of the anti-codon on the tRNA to which serine becomes attached?
A AGU B GAU C TCA D UCA
26. An unidentified single-stranded molecule was described as having the following features.
• complementary base pairing along some of its length
• an area that can attach to a ribosome
• a site to which a specific amino acid attaches
What is the unidentified molecule?
A DNA polymerase B messenger RNA C RNA polymerase D transfer RNA
27. In the DNA sequence for sickle cell anaemia, adenine replaces thymine in a CTT triplet, forming A
the triplet CAT. During synthesis of the sickle cell haemoglobin molecule, the amino acid valine is
incorporated instead of glutamic acid.
What is the anticodon in the transfer RNA molecule carrying this valine?
A CAU B CUA C GAU D GUA
28. What is the minimum number of base substitutions required to change the nucleotide sequence A
of the HbA (normal) allele to the HbS (sickle cell) allele?
A1 B2 C3 D4
29. In a genetic engineering experiment a piece of double-stranded DNA containing 6000 nucleotides C
is transcribed and translated.
What is the total number of amino acids used?
A 500 B 1000 C 2000 D 3000
30. DNA from a chromosome is analysed and 20 % of its bases are found to be cytosine. B
Which percentage of uracil molecules will be found in mRNA transcribed from this DNA?
A 20 B 30 C 40 D 60

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CHAPTER 5

Paper 1 (Multiple choices)

5. Which type of sugar and bonds are found in a DNA molecule? C

7. Which diagram shows the semi-conservative replication of a section of a molecule of DNA? A

8. What does the enzyme DNA polymerase synthesise in a cell? C

12. A peptide consists of ten amino acids of four different kinds. A

16. What is the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase? C

A cell makes a polypeptide with the amino acid sequence:

normal haemoglobin sickle cell haemoglobin

Possible mRNA codons for these amino acids are

glutamine (glu) GAA GAG proline (pro) CCU CCC

Which is the correct set of immediate effects of these drugs?

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