Chapter 1

Object-Oriented Programming

Exercises
1.1 The requirements stage would generate a user manual like that shown here:
User Manual
Enter the string: java CelsiusToFahrenheit <first> <last> <incr>
at the command line, where <first> is the first Celsius temperature to be
converted, <first> is the last Celsius temperature, and <incr> is the Celsius
increment for the table. The output will be a conversion table with that range
and increment.
Example:
Input: java Convert 0 40 10
Output: 032
1050
2068
3086
40104

The design stage could adapt the same class as shown in Listing 1.1.
The implementation stage could adapt the same class as shown in Listing 1.2.
The testing stage could run a test driver like this:
public class CelsiusToFahrenheit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length!=3) exit();
double first = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
double last = Double.parseDouble(args[1]);
double incr = Double.parseDouble(args[2]);
for (double i=first; i<=last; i += incr)
System.out.println(i + “\t” + new MyTemperature(value,'F') );
}

1
2 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

private static void exit() {

System.out.println(
"Usage: java CelsiusToFahrenheit <first> <last> <incr>"
+ "\nwhere:"
+ "\t<first> is the first celsius temperature to be listed"
+ "\t<last> is the last celsius temperature to be listed"
+ "\t<incr> is the increment"
+ "\nExample:"
+ "\tjava CelsiusToFahrenheit 0 40 4" Design
);
System.exit(0);
} Implementation
}
1.2 Another likely cycle is shown in here. This is the common Debug
Cycle, consisting of repeated two-part test-and-correct step. Testing
1.3
CombinationLock

-n1:int
-n2:int
-n3:int
-open:boolean

+changeComb(int,int,int,int,int,int):boolean
+close()
+isOpen():boolean
+open(int,int,int):boolean

1.4 If d is a divisor of n that is greater than n , then m = n/d must be a whole number (i.e., an
integer), and therefore another divisor of n. But since d > n , we have m = n/d < n/ n =
n . So by checking for divisors only among those integers that are less than n ,
the existence of the divisor d > n will be found indirectly from m = n/d < n .
1.5
Course

Section

Instructor Student

Person
Solutions 3

1.6
Department Course

Chair Section

Instructor Student

Person

1.7
Course

Section Undergraduate

Instructor Graduate

Person Student

1.8
Vehicle

Bus Car

Driver Owner

Person
4 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

1.9
Bank Manager Person

BankBranch Customer

CheckingAccount Account SavingsAccount

Credit Transaction Debit

1.10
Media

BroadcastMedia PrintMedia Website

RadioProgram TVProgram Periodical Book

Journal Magazine Newspaper

Programming Problems
1.1 /**
* An interface for representing temperatures, with functionality
* for converting their values between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
* @author John R. Hubbard
* @see MyTemperature
*/
Solutions 5

public interface Temperature {

/** @return the Celsius value for this temperature. */
public double getCelsius();
/** @return the Fahrenheit value for this temperature. */
public double getFahrenheit();
/** @return the Kelvin value for this temperature. */
public double getKelvin();
/** @param celsius the Celsius value for this temperature. */
public void setCelsius(double celsius);
/** @param fahrenheit the Fahrenheit value for this temp. */
public void setFahrenheit(double fahrenheit);
/** @param kelvin the Kelvin value for this temperature.*/
public void setKelvin(double kelvin);
}

public class MyTemperature implements Temperature {

private double celsius; // stores temperature as a Celsius value
public MyTemperature(double value, char scale) {
if (scale=='C') setCelsius(value);
if (scale=='F') setFahrenheit(value);
else setKelvin(value);
}
public double getCelsius() {
return celsius;
}
public double getFahrenheit() {
return 9*celsius/5 + 32.0;
}
public double getKelvin() {
return celsius + 273.16;
}
public void setCelsius(double celsius) {
this.celsius = celsius;
}
public void setFahrenheit(double fahrenheit) {
this.celsius = 5*(fahrenheit - 32)/9;
}
public void setKelvin(double kelvin) {
this.celsius = kelvin - 273.16;
}
public String toString() {
// Example: "25.0 C = 77.0 F"
6 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

return round(getCelsius())+ " C = "

+ round(getFahrenheit())+ " F = "
+ round(getKelvin())+ " K";
}
private static double round(double x) {
// returns x, rounded to one digit on the right of the decimal:
return Math.round(10*x)/10.0;
}
}
1.2 public class MyTemperature implements Temperature {
private double celsius; // stores temperature as a Celsius value
private int digits; // number of digits to right of decimal
public MyTemperature(double value, char scale, int digits) {
if (scale=='C') setCelsius(value);
else setFahrenheit(value);
this.digits = digits;
}
public double getCelsius() {
return celsius;
}
public double getFahrenheit() {
return 9*celsius/5 + 32.0;
}
public void setCelsius(double celsius) {
this.celsius = celsius;
}
public void setDigits(int digits) {
this.digits = digits;
}
public void setFahrenheit(double fahrenheit) {
this.celsius = 5*(fahrenheit - 32)/9;
}
public String toString() {
// Example: "25.0 C = 77.0 F"
return round(getCelsius())+" C = "+round(getFahrenheit())+" F";
}
private double round(double x) {
// returns x, rounded to one digit on the right of the decimal:
double p = Math.pow(10,digits);
return Math.round(p*x)/p;
}
}
Solutions 7

public class Convert {

public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length!=3) exit();
double value = Double.parseDouble(args[0]); // convert string
char scale = Character.toUpperCase(args[1].charAt(0));
int digits = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
if (scale!='C' && scale!='F') exit();
Temperature temperature= new MyTemperature(value, scale, digits);
System.out.println(temperature);
}
private static void exit() {
// prints usage message and then terminates the program:
System.out.println(
"Usage: java Convert <temperature> <scale> <digits>"
+ "\nwhere:"
+ "\t<temperature> is the temperature that you want to convert"
+ "\n\t<scale> is either \"C\" or \"F\"."
+ "\n\t<digits> is the number of digits to use right of decimal."
+ "\nExample: java Convert 67 F 2"
);
System.exit(0);
}
}
1.3 public class MyTemperature implements Temperature {
private static final String s = "###,###,###,###.################";
private double celsius; // stores temperature as a Celsius value
private int digits; // number of digits to right of decimal
private DecimalFormat formatter; // used for formatted output
public MyTemperature(double value, char scale, int digits) {
if (scale=='C') setCelsius(value);
else setFahrenheit(value);
this.digits = digits;
setFormatter();
}
private void setFormatter() {
String pattern = new String(s.toCharArray(), 0, 16 + digits);
this.formatter = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
}
public double getCelsius() {
return celsius;
}
8 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

public double getFahrenheit() {

return 9*celsius/5 + 32.0;
}
public void setCelsius(double celsius) {
this.celsius = celsius;
}
public void setDigits(int digits) {
this.digits = digits;
setFormatter();
}
public void setFahrenheit(double fahrenheit) {
this.celsius = 5*(fahrenheit - 32)/9;
}
public String toString() {
// Example: "25.0 C = 77.0 F"
return formatter.format(getCelsius()) + " C = "
+ formatter.format(getFahrenheit()) + " F";
}
}
public class Convert {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length!=3) exit();
double value = Double.parseDouble(args[0]); // convert string
char scale = Character.toUpperCase(args[1].charAt(0));
int digits = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
if (scale!='C' && scale!='F') exit();
Temperature temperature= new MyTemperature(value, scale, digits);
System.out.println(temperature);
}
private static void exit() {
// prints usage message and then terminates the program:
System.out.println(
"Usage: java Convert <temperature> <scale> <digits>"
+ "\nwhere:"
+ "\t<temperature> is the temperature that you want to convert"
+ "\n\t<scale> is either \"C\" or \"F\"."
+ "\n\t<digits> is the number of digits to use right of decimal."
+ "\nExample: java Convert 67 F 2"
);
System.exit(0);
}
}
Solutions 9

1.4 public class TestPrimeAlgorithm {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Random random = new Random();
for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
int n = random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
if (isPrime(n)) System.out.print(n + " ");
}
}
public static boolean isPrime(int n) {
if (n < 2) return false;
if (n < 4) return true;
if (n%2 == 0) return false;
for (int d=3; d*d <= n; d += 2)
if (n%d == 0) return false;
return true;
}
}
1.5 public class Course {
private float credit;
private String dept;
private String id;
private String name;
private Section[] sections = new Section[1000];
public Course(String dept, String id, String name, float credit) {
this.credit = credit;
this.dept = dept;
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public void add(Section section) {
int i=0;
while (sections[i] != null)
++i;
sections[i] = section;
}
public String toString() {
String s = dept + " " + id + " \"" + name + "\", "
+ credit + " credits";
for (int i=0; sections[i] != null; i++)
s += sections[i];
return s;
}
10 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

public static void main(String[] args) {

Course course = new Course("CMSC", "221", "Data Structures", 4);
System.out.println(course);
}
}

public class Section {

private Course course;
private String place;
private String term;
private String time;
private Instructor instructor;
private Student[] students;
public Section(Course course, String term, String p, String t) {
this.course = course;
this.term = term;
this.place = p;
this.time = t;
}
public Course getCourse() {
return course;
}
public String getPlace() {
return place;
}
public String getTerm() {
return term;
}
public String getTime() {
return time;
}
public Instructor getInstructor() {
return instructor;
}
public Student[] getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setPlace(String place) {
this.place = place;
}
public void setTerm(String term) {
this.term = term;
Solutions 11

}
public void setTime(String time) {
this.time = time;
}
public void setInstructor(Instructor instructor) {
this.instructor = instructor;
}
public void setStudents(Student[] students) {
int n = students.length;
// duplicate the array object:
this.students = new Student[n];
// but do not duplicate the Student objects:
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
this.students[i] = students[i];
}
public String toString() {
return course + ": " + term + ", " + place + ", " + time + ", "
+ instructor;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Course course = new Course("CMSC", "221", "Data Structures", 4);
Section section = new Section(course, "Fall 2004", null, null);
System.out.println(section);
}
}

import java.util.*;
public class Person {
protected int yob;
protected String email;
protected String id;
protected boolean male;
protected String name;
public Person(String name, String id, String sex, int yob) {
this.id = id;
this.male = (sex.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() == "M");
this.name = name;
this.yob = yob;
}
public int getYob() {
return yob;
}
12 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

public String getEmail() {

return email;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public boolean isMale() {
return male;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String toString() {
String string = name + ", " + id;
if (male) string += " (M)";
else string += " (F)";
if (email != null) string += ", " + email;
string += " (" + yob + ")";
return string;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person grandson = new Person("C. Hubbard", "1.2.1", "M", 2002);
System.out.println(grandson);
grandson.setEmail("[email protected]");
System.out.println(grandson);
System.out.println("\t name: " + grandson.name);
System.out.println("\t id: " + grandson.id);
System.out.println("\t sex: "+ (grandson.male?"male":"female"));
System.out.println("\temail: " + grandson.email);
System.out.println("\t yob: " + grandson.yob);
}
}

import java.util.*;
public class Student extends Person {
protected String country;
protected int credits;
protected double gpa;
public Student(String name, String id, String s, int y, String c) {
Solutions 13

super(name, id, s, y);

this.country = c;
}
public int getCredits() {
return credits;
}
public double getGpa() {
return gpa;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCredits(int credits) {
this.credits = credits;
}
public void setGpa(double gpa) {
this.gpa = gpa;
}
public void setCountry(List record) {
this.country = country;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student =
new Student("Anne Miller", "200491", "F", 1985, "US");
System.out.println(student);
}
}

import java.util.*;
public class Instructor extends Person {
protected String dept;
protected String office;
protected String tel;
public Instructor(String name, String id, String sex, int yob) {
super(name, id, sex, yob);
}
public String getDept() {
return office;
}
public String getOffice() {
return office;
}
14 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

public String getTel() {

return tel;
}
public void setDept(String dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
public void setOffice(String office) {
this.office = office;
}
public void setTel(String tel) {
this.tel = tel;
}
public String toString() {
String s = super.toString();
if (dept != null) s += ", " + dept;
if (office != null) s += ", " + office;
if (tel != null) s += " (" + tel + ")";
return s;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Instructor knuth = new Instructor("Don Knuth","8122063","M",1938);
System.out.println(knuth);
knuth.setDept("CS");
System.out.println(knuth);
}
}
1.6 public class ComboLock {
private int n1, n2, n3;
private boolean open;
public ComboLock(int n1, int n2, int n3) {
this.n1 = n1;
this.n2 = n2;
this.n3 = n3;
}
public boolean changeComb(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4,
int n5, int n6) {
if (this.n1 != n1 || this.n2 != n2 || this.n3 != n3) return false;
this.n1 = n4;
this.n2 = n5;
this.n3 = n6;
open = false;
return true;
Solutions 15

}
public void close() {
open = false;
}
public boolean isOpen() {
return open;
}
public boolean open(int n1, int n2, int n3) {
if (this.n1 == n1 && this.n2 == n2 && this.n3 == n3) open = true;
else open = false;
return open;
}
}

public class TestComboLock {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ComboLock lock = new ComboLock(10, 20, 30);
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.open(10,20,30): "+lock.open(10,20,30));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
lock.close();
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.open(11,20,30): "+lock.open(11,20,30));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.changeComb(11, 20, 30, 11, 22, 33): "
+ lock.changeComb(11, 20, 30, 11, 22, 33));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.open(11,22,33): "+lock.open(11,22,33));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.changeComb(10, 20, 30, 15, 25, 35): "
+ lock.changeComb(10, 20, 30, 15, 25, 35));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
System.out.println("lock.open(15,25,35): "+lock.open(15,25,35));
System.out.println("lock.isOpen(): " + lock.isOpen());
}
}
1.7 import java.util.*;
public class Student extends Person { // Student inherits Person
private String country; // Student aggregates String
private int credits;
private double gpa;
private final Transcript transcript = new Transcript();
16 Chapter 1 Binary Trees

public Student(String name, boolean male, int yob, String c) {

super(name, male, yob);
this.country = c;
}
public void updateTranscript(Section section, Grade grade) {
transcript.add(section, grade);
}
public void printTranscript() {
System.out.println(transcript);
}
private class Transcript { // composition
Map map = new HashMap();
void add(Section section, Grade grade) {
map.put(section, grade);
}
public String toString() {
return map.toString();
}
}
}

package chap01.prob07;
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student joe = new Student("Joe", true, 1983, "IT");
joe.updateTranscript(new Section("CS211.02"), new Grade("A-"));
joe.updateTranscript(new Section("EC110.07"), new Grade("B+"));
joe.printTranscript();
}
}
1.8 class Phone {
private String areaCode, number;
public Phone(String areaCode, String number) {
this.areaCode = areaCode;
this.number = number;
}
public Phone(Phone that) {
this.areaCode = that.areaCode;
this.number = that.number;
}
public void setAreaCode(String areaCode) {
this.areaCode = areaCode;
Solutions 17

}
public String toString() {
return "(" + areaCode + ")" + number.substring(0, 3)
+ "-" + number.substring(3);
}
}

public class Person {

private final boolean male;
private final String name;
private final Phone phone;
private final int yob;
public Person(String name, boolean male, int yob, Phone phone) {
this.name = name;
this.male = male;
this.yob = yob;
this.phone = new Phone(phone);
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Phone getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public int getYob() {
return yob;
}
public boolean isMale() {
return male;
}
public String toString() {
return (male?"Mr. ":"Ms. ") + name+" ("+yob+"), tel. "+phone;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Phone tel = new Phone("808", "4561414");
Person gwb = new Person("G. W. Bush", true, 1946, tel);
System.out.println(gwb);
tel.setAreaCode("202");
System.out.println(gwb);
}
}