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Lab Excercose 3

This document provides instructions for georeferencing a scanned map and digitizing features from that map in QGIS. [1] It explains how to install the Georeferencer GDAL plugin and use it to load a scanned map, set control points and coordinate system, and georeference the map. [2] Next, it covers how to create a shapefile and use the digitizing tools to trace points, lines, and polygons from the georeferenced map to extract spatial data. [3] The goal is to demonstrate how to prepare old paper maps for use as geographic data layers in QGIS projects.

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Junaid Alam Memon
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46 views3 pages

Lab Excercose 3

This document provides instructions for georeferencing a scanned map and digitizing features from that map in QGIS. [1] It explains how to install the Georeferencer GDAL plugin and use it to load a scanned map, set control points and coordinate system, and georeference the map. [2] Next, it covers how to create a shapefile and use the digitizing tools to trace points, lines, and polygons from the georeferenced map to extract spatial data. [3] The goal is to demonstrate how to prepare old paper maps for use as geographic data layers in QGIS projects.

Uploaded by

Junaid Alam Memon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Name: Physical Geography

Instructor: Junaid Alam Memon

Purpose of the Lab: Making use of old maps as geographic data set and creating own spatial
data from various sources To do this today we shall achieve two tasks namely
Georeferencing and Digitization.

First Task: Digitization

Georeferencing is giving maps a coordinate system so that these can be used as one of data
source in your geographic analysis. Most of the paper maps can be scanned in full or in
parts, georeferenced and used for analysis. This requires little bit practice at home as well.

1.1. Installing a Georeferencing Plugin:

QGIS > Plugins > Manage Plugins > Search & Select: Georeferencer GDAL > Install Plugin

To see if plugin is installed properly:

QGIS > Raster > Georeferencer…

2.2. Loading an Scanned Map

QGIS > Raster > Georeferencer…

Load the Scanned Map (nla Karachi.jpg) through Open Raster Button

Press and Set Coordinate System and Other Details: Start with Transformation Type:
Linear, Resampling Type: Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Target SRS EPSG 4240 Or Indian
1975 from Geographic Coordinate System Menu

Put suitable name and location for your Geo referenced map, Check Option Load in QGIS
when Done > OK

Select Four Ground Control Points (GCPs) and enter them by using this button

Insert Longitudes in X/East Box and Latitudes in Y/North Box


On Scanned Image, Red points indicate your GCP Points, Red lines indicate RSME Errors as
discussed below

Analyze Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) from the GCP Table

Play with Setting such as Transformation Type and Resampling Type options to see if
you can minimize Residual pixel count (In real analysis, it should be less than 1 pixel)

Also play with Move GCP Point Tool to minimize error.

Once Happy with Error tolerance levels

Press Play Button to transfer the coordinate system on actual map

You may save these points in a separate file if you need (Optional). & Close Georeferencer…
interface.

Go to Main QGIS interface to check if Georeferencing is done in a satisfactory manner. This


can be done in many ways:

Way 1: Visual inspection, if your map is squeezed, titled to a greater extent, is upside down,
it shows you may have done something wrong.

Way 2: Coordinate Capture Tool that comes by installing the Plugin with same name. Follow
the earlier plugin installation process to locate and install it. Upon Installation, it should load
in the lowest left corner of QGIS interface. If not visible, load it from View > Panel >
Coordinate Capture. Use Start Capture Function to find a location where you can read
coordinates from the map. Place capture dot and read the coordinate from Coordinate
Capture Panel. If same coordinates are visible, you have done a perfect job.

Way 3: Check against Global Data sets. Load Open Street Map (OSM Standard) or XYZ Tiles,
See how your map fits in on it. Further check by using Layer Styling Option from Layer
Panel, Play with Symbology Tab and Transparency tools > Blending Mode > Multiply

If your see features on Open Streat Map fit well with your scanned map, it means you have
done a perfect Job.

Bonus: Explore from Enter GCP Menue to see what you can achieve
through this option
Congratulation, you have learned How to Georeferenced Scanned Maps.
Task 2 Digitization:

Digitization is tracing various map features, points, polygons and polylines to use them as
spatial data in your GIS projects. The examples include copying district boundaries, rivers
and stream Lines or Point locations of different establishments such as Hospitals and a lot
more.

Use to create a Shape file. Give File Location and File Name (Test_Polygon), Set Geometry
(Point, Line or Polygon, Set CRS System, Add required data fields and click ok. You shall see
in layer panel a shape file name Test_Polygon is created and loaded. You however will not
see anything as display since it is an empty file and you must insert something to get it
displayed.

Press to Enable Toggle Editing Mode Activated. You will notice that the Test_Polygon has
been marked as with a pencil mark activate. This means the shape file is in an edited
model.

You will see various a number of other options are activated too, such as below. Use the
encircled option to start tracing.

You may have to zoom a feature to sufficient extent to be able to trace it accurately. Which
makes very small area on traced map to be loaded in your QGIS viewer. You may move by
Pressing Space Bar and using scroll button of your Mouse to Pan the View. A small should
appear to help you move the map up and done and continue tracing.

Play with options such as Add Ring, Delete Ring, Add Part to understand them in editing a
polygon shape file.

Once Happy with your digitization, Press to save your edits.

Same Process may be followed to create Polylines and Point Shape Files.

That’s all today. In next lab, we shall work more on shape files and work with map frames to
create maps for your analysis.

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