JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

LABORATORY MANUAL

(For Student)
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NAME OF THE LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB

SUBJECT: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

SEM: VIII

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
SUB: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
SEM: VIII (EXTC) 2021-22

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
SR. NO. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS

(A) To differentiate Active & Passive Satellite Communication Link and observe the
difference in received signal strength.
1
(B) Write a MATLAB program to Calculate the velocity of satellite in a user defined
orbit and to compute the period of a satellite.

(A) To change different combinations of uplink and downlink frequencies and to

2 check the communication link.
(B) Write a MATLAB program to compute Apogee & Perigee height.

3 Case study on INTELSAT and VSAT & Iridium System.

(A)To analyze the Propagation Delay in a Satellite Communication Link.

4
(B)Write a Scilab code to compute coverage angle and Slant Range.

(A) To analyze Audio and Video signals using Satellite Link.

5 (B) To analyze Fading effect and Path loss of a Satellite Communication.
(C) Write a MATLAB program to compute antenna gain.

(A) To measure the digital baseband signal parameter and range of baud rate using
6 Satellite Link.
(B) Write a Scilab code to compute Antenna Look Angles

(A) To analyze Frequency Response of Analog Signal in a Satellite Link.

7
(B) Write a Scilab code to compute Limits of Visibility

(A) Measurement of C/N ratio and S/N ratio of Satellite Link.

8
(B) To calculate total noise temperature for any given satellite communication link.

To observe the Impact of Linear and Circular Polarization of Antennas on RSSI

9
of Receiver.

Design a broadband satellite system using MATLAB program and plot a graph of
10
G/T Vs C/N and Frequency Vs C/N.

11 To analyze various parameters of DD Direct Plus DTH.

12 Case study on INSAT & Laser satellite communication system.

13 Case Study on Recent Applications of SATCOMM (Presentation)

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 2
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 01

TITLE: ACTIVE & PASSIVE SATELLITE

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

DIAGRAM:

Fig(a) : Active satellite

Fig(b) : Passive satellite

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 4
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NUMBER 1

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Active & Passive Satellite

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To differentiate Active & Passive Satellite Communication

Link and observe the difference in received signal strength.

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link Emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, reflecting sheet

THEORY:

Q.1.What is communication satellite. State advantages and disadvantages

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Q2. Explain Active & Passive Satellite

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___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 5
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. To set the satellite link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481
MHz, and Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2400 MHz.
2. Set transmitter channel and receiver channel CH1 to analog and emulator channel to
video.
3. Connect RHCP helix antenna in uplink (i.e. to transmitter and Rx post of Emulator).
Connect LHCP helix antenna in down link (i.e. to Tx post of emulator and to receiver)
4. Note down RSSI.
5. Switch OFF the emulator, place reflector plate and again note RSSI at receiver.
6. Observe the difference.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. FM Deviation potentiometer is at the fully anticlockwise position

2. Potentiometer for the noise, path loss one in a fully anticlockwise position

3. Fading is in fully clockwise position

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 6
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

OBSERVATION:

1.. In active satellites, the frequency is translated by transponders in satellite and then sent
back to receiver after amplifying the signal at different frequency.

2. In Passive satellite, signal is only reflected back to the receiver and no freq. translation and
power amplification takes place.

3. RSSI: i) Active Satellite: ______

ii) Passive Satellite: ______

Note: ISM band for satellite communication simulation is used as it is a license free
band for use this band is from 2400 MHz to 2500 MHz

RESULT: Active Satellite RSSI= ____V

Passive Satellite RSSI= _____V

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 7
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1.Name few Active & Passive Satellite

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___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2. What is satellite footprint and dwell time?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.3. What are GEO stationary and GEO synchronous orbits?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 8
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 02

TITLE: UPLINK/DOWNLINK

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 9
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

DIAGRAM:

Fig: Basic Communication Satellite

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 10
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 2

NAME OF THE EXPT: Uplink/ Downlink.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To change different combinations of uplink and downlink
frequencies and to check the communication link.

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, Microphone, 10MHz Function Generator, Digital
oscilloscope.

THEORY:

Q.1.Why Uplink frequency is different from Downlink frequency.

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_________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.What is 6/4 GHz and 14/12 GHz band and mention its advantages and disadvantages.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 11
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. To set the satellite link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481 MHz,
and Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2400 MHz.

2. Connect RHCP helix antenna in uplink (i.e. to transmitter and Rx post of Emulator).
Connect LHCP helix antenna in down link (i.e. to Tx post of emulator and to receiver)

3. Note down RSSI

4. Repeat the experiment for different sets of frequencies as given in the observation table

5. Again measure RSSI

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 12
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
OBSERVATION:

UPLINK DOWNLINK RSSI

D A

A A

A D

C B

B A

D C

C A

B C

A B

C D

A C

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 13
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1 Name some satellite services?

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___________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________

Q.2 what is uplink and downlink frequencies of L, S, C, Ku bands.

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___________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES:

1. Satellite Communication Systems-Dennis Roddy

2. Satellite Communication Systems-M Richharia

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 14
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 04

TITLE: PROPAGATION DELAY

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 15
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NUMBER 4

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Propagation Delay

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To set up the analog link and to observe the received
waveform and measure the propagation delay

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, microphone, Function generator, Digital
oscilloscope.

THEORY:

Q.1.What is Propagation delay?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.Why does it occur in Satellite Communication?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 16
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. To set the satellite link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481 MHz,
and Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2427 MHz.

2. Connect RHCP helix antenna in uplink (i.e. to transmitter and Rx post of Emulator).
Connect LHCP helix antenna in down link (i.e. to Tx post of emulator and to receiver)

3. Keep noise and PATH LOSS potentiometers at Emulator and Receiver fully
Anti - clockwise so that path loss at minimum.

4. Connect 1 KHz 1Vpp sine wave to ANALOG INPUT port of transmitter from function
generator using T connector. Connect other end of T connector to first channel of CRO using
BNC to BNC cable, so that we can observe the signal on CRO. Set Audio CH1 to Analog in
Transmitter and Receiver.

5. Observe the demodulated analog signal at AUDIO 1 OUTPUT port of receiver on 2nd
channel of CRO. Set trigger of CRO with respect to channel 1.

7. Measure the time by which channel-2 waveform (received signal) is delayed from channel
one waveform (reference signal) by viewing both waveforms simultaneously on oscilloscope
at Receiver end.

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 17
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

DIAGRAMS:

OBSERVATION:

I/P wave:

Sine wave frequency: __________

Sine wave amplitude: __________

O/P wave:

Sine wave frequency: __________

Sine wave amplitude: __________

Propagation delay in o/p Waveform: __________ in (msec)

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 18
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1.Which earth orbit satellite signal has minimum Propagation delay?

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___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2. Does the Propagation delay more dominating for Audio or Video? And why

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q3. In which earth orbit satellite, the Doppler Effect is more? why?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 5 (A)

TITLE: AUDIO AND VIDEO SIGNALING

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 20
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 5A

NAME OF THE EXPT: Audio and Video signaling

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To observe Audio and Video signals using Satellite Link
and observe effect of Fading, path loss, and noise on the quality of the signals.

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, Microphone, Video monitor, Camera.

PROCEDURE:

1. To set the Video Link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481
MHz, and Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2400 MHz.
2. Connect RHCP helix antenna in uplink (i.e. to transmitter and Rx post of Emulator).
Connect LHCP helix antenna in down link (i.e. to Tx post of emulator and to receiver)

3. Connect microphone to the transmitter and set transmitter and receiver channels to
audio and video signal by choosing audio for channel 1 and video for channel 3
respectively..
4. Set the appropriate uplink and downlink frequency of emmulator and set video
channel.
5. Observe video and audio signal on the video monitor of receiver.

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 5 (B)

TITLE: FADING EFFECT AND PATHLOSS.

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 22
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
DIAGRAM:

Multiple path of
propagation

Ionospheric scintillation
layer
Attenuation and
depolarizing rain layer

Direction of
propagation

Earth station antenna

Fig.: Path loss and Fading effect

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 5B

NAME OF THE EXPT: Fading effect and Pathloss.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To observe fading effect and pathloss of analog channel in
a satellite links.
EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, Function generator, and oscilloscope.
THEORY:

Q.1.What is fading effect. How fading effect occur.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.What is pathloss, what are the different sources of pathloss?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 24
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
PROCEDURE:
1. Setup the Audio communication link.
2. Set the Satellite Emulator Downlink frequency for 2427 MHz. Uplink frequency 2481
MHz
3. At transmitter select channel CH1 for analog.
4. Similarly, at the receiver set respective channel to receive analog signal.
5. Also make sure that the FADING, PATH LOSS and NOISE potentiometer is in fully
anticlockwise position in order to receive better audio signals.
6. Apply 1 KHz, 2 Vp-p sine wave from function generator to ANALOG post of
transmitter and observe at receiver and note down RSSI.
7. Now to observe the effect of fading, move FADING potentiometer of emulator slowly
clockwise keeping PATHLOSS fully anticlockwise. Observe analog signal on DSO.
8. With FADING potentiometer fully clockwise observe the fluctuation in RSSI, note
down minimum and maximum value of RSSI to find Fading margin.
9. Now to observe the effect of pathloss, vary PATHLOSS potentiometer in clockwise
direction keeping fading zero.
10. Also note down minimum RSSI.

OBSERVATION:

Fading Effect:

Maximum RSSI Vmax = Volts

Mnimum RSSI Vmin = Volts

Fading margin = Vmax -Vmin

Path Loss:

RSSI with no path loss RSSImax =

RSSI with path loss RSSImin =

Path Loss = RSSImax - RSSImin

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1: In satellite communication how fading effect can be minimize.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2: In which satellite path loss is minimum. Why?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 26
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 6

TITLE: DIGITAL BASEBAND SIGNAL.

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 27
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

Fig.:a: Amplitude, Phase and Frequency modulation of baseband signal

Fig.:b TDMA Data flow

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 28
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 6

NAME OF THE EXPT: Digital Baseband Signal.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To observe range of frequency for which transmitted digital
signal with specific baud rate recovered at the satellite receiver.

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator

• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas

• Antenna stands with connecting cables, microphone, video monitor, video camera, Function
generator, and oscilloscope X 2

THEORY:

Q.1. What is digital base band signal.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.Which multiple access technique use digital signal transmission and how.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 29
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. Setup communication link.

2. Set the Satellite Emulator Downlink frequency for 2427 MHz. Uplink frequency 2481

MHz

3. Also make it sure that the PATH LOSS and NOISE potentiometer is in fully anticlockwise

position in order to receive better audio signals.

4. Apply 1 KHz, 5 Vp-p square wave with appropriate duty cycle from function generator to

TTL post of transmitter. Select CH3 to TTL in transmitter, Select VIDEO in Emulator and

Select CH3 to TTL in receiver.

6. Now measure the duty cycle of signal being received. Vary the frequency of input signal to

20 KHz in steps of 1 KHz and measure find the range of frequency for which same duty cycle

signal recovered at the receiver on DSO.

7. Also vary duty cycle of transmitted signal from min to max and observe the range of duty

cycle which properly recovered at thr receiver.

OBSERVATION:

Part-A:

I/P:
Frequency=--------------- in KHz

Magnitude= 5 V p-p

Duty cycle=------------%

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 30
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

O/P:
Frequency=--------------- in KHz

Magnitude= _________ p-p

Duty cycle=------------%

Bandwidth= ---------------KHz

Part-B:

Sr. No. I/P Duty cycle O/P Duty cycle and BW

1 10

2 20

3 90

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1 What is the significance of baud rate.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.How channel capacity can be increased with the help of digital signal propagation.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 07

TITLE: FREQUENCY RESPONSE

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

Frequency Response:

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 34
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NUMBER 7

NAME OF THE EXPT: Frequency Response

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To observe Frequency Response of analog channel in a

satellite link.

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator

• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas

• Antenna stands with connecting cables, microphone, video monitor, video camera, Function
generator, and oscilloscope X 2

THEORY:

Q.1. what do you understand by Frequency response of any channel?

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___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.Why is it important to consider 3dB while transmission?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. Setup the Audio communication link.

2. Set the Satellite Emulator Downlink frequency for 2427 MHz. Uplink frequency 2481

MHz

3. Also make it sure that the PATH LOSS and NOISE potentiometer is in fully anticlockwise

position in order to receive better audio signals.

4. Apply 1 KHz, 1 Vp-p sine wave from function generator to ANALOG post of transmitter.

Select CH1 to Analog in transmitter, Select VIDEO in Emulator and Select CH1 to Analog in

receiver.

6. Now measure the level of signal being received. Vary the frequency of input signal to 20

KHz in steps of 1 KHz and measure the level of received signals at different frequencies.

7. Draw a graph between frequency of the input signal and level of the received signal. This

would show the frequency response of the communication link for the channel.

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
OBSERVATION:

Frequency (in MHz) Voltage (in V) G=10LogVo/Vi(dB)

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 37
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Q.1 What is Amplifier Noise & Noise figure

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___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2 Why guard band is required in FDMA.

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 8

TITLE: SIGNAL TO NOISE AND CARRIER TO NOISE

RATIO.
EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

DIAGRAM:

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 40
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NUMBER 8

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Signal to Noise and Carrier to Noise ratio.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: 1. To Measure the C/N ratio

2. To Measure the S/N ratio

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite uplink transmitter, satellite downlink receiver and satellite link emulator
• RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, Function generator, and oscilloscope.

THEORY:

Q.1.What is C/N and S/N ratio? Explain with their significance

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

PROCEDURE:

1. To set the Video Link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481 MHz,
and Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2400 MHz.

2. Now, switch ON Transmitter and satellite Emulator and say, the Receiver reads -59 dBm
(1.93 V) of carrier level being received. Thus, C/N = carrier level / noise level. As both noise
and carrier signal detected are measured in dB, C/N can be calculated by taking the difference
of two readings or C/N = carrier level (in dB) - noise level (in dB). Hence, C/N = -59-(-96)
=37 dB.

3. Now, switch off the carrier by switching off both Transmitter and satellite Emulator.
Receiver will read only its noise floor on RSSI menu.

5. Measure the C/N readings for different levels of path loss.

6. Now input analog signal from function generator to transmitter and repeat step 2, Measure
the S/N readings for different levels of path loss.

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 42
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

OBSERVATION:

Path Loss

Signal Max Min

RSSI RSSI

Noise Min: Quality: Good

Noise Max: Quality: Bad
Noise:

C/N path loss Min:

C/N path loss Max:

S/N path loss Min:

S/N path loss Max:

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 43
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:

Q.1.What is the main disadvantage of communication satellite.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.What is EIRP.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 44
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

Q.3. Which system temperature is considered in link budget analysis.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 45
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 9

TITLE: POLARIZATION OF SATELLITE SIGNAL.

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

DIAGRAMS:

Fig.: Antenna Polarization

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 47
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 9

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Polarization of satellite signal.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To Analyse the Impact of Linear and Circular Polarization
of Antennas on RSSI of Receiver

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS:

• Satellite transmitter, receiver and satellite link emulator

• Pair of Yagi antennas and RHCP & LHCP axial mode helix antennas
• Antenna stands with connecting cables, Function generator, oscilloscope.
THEORY:

Q.1.Define Polarization, explain Linear Polarization and Circular Polarization

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 48
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
PROCEDURE:

1. To set up Link, set the Transmitter & Emulator Uplink Frequency to 2481 MHz, and

Receiver & Emulator Downlink frequency to 2400 MHz

2. Connect RHCP helix antenna in uplink (i. e to transmitter and Rx post of Emulator)

Connect LHCP helix antenna in Down link (i. e to Tx post of emulator and to receiver)

3. Keep noise and PATH LOSS potentiometers at Emulator and Receiver fully anti

clockwise so that path loss at minimum.

6. Keep Fading potentiometers in Emulator fully clockwise, fading at minimum.

7. Make sure that Transmitter and Receiver Helix antennas should point towards uplink and

downlink Helix antennas respectively and note down RSSI output.

Cross Polarization:
8. Now Connect a RHCP Helix antenna at Receiver and LHCP Helix antenna at Downlink
satellite emulator end.

9. See the effect of cross-polarization discrimination of antennas on RSSI. Do you find a

decrease in carrier level at RSSI after connecting an opposite handedness antenna in a link.

10. Besides the change in signal strength also notice the change in audio & video reception
quality on monitor as well as on oscilloscope. Is it much more pronounced for audio
reception.

11. Similarly, measure the same effect by connecting a horizontally polarized yagi antenna at
Receiver end and a vertically polarized yagi antenna at Downlink satellite emulator end.

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 49
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

12. Connect a helix antenna at satellite downlink. And connect a yagi antenna at the receiver
end. Point the two antennas towards each other and measure the received carrier level on the
RSSI. Tabulate the readings in observation table given.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

SR.NO. Tx E Rx E Tx RX RSSI

1 RHCP RHCP LHCP LHCP

2 RHCP LHCP RHCP LHCP

3 RHCP RHCP Y Y

4 LHCP LHCP RHCP Y

5 Y LHCP RHCP Y

6 LHCP Y Y LHCP

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 50
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPECTED QUESTIONS:

Q.1.Which type of polarization is preferred in satellite communication and why?

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.2.Give Examples of Circularly and Linearly polarized Antennas.

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___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Q.3 State the medium that cause depolarization of signal.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 51
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

EXPERIMENT NO. 11

TITLE: DTH

EXPECTED DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ________

ACTUAL DATE OF PERFORMANCE: ___________

EXPERIMENT GRADE: _______

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 11

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: DTH

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: 1. To Study and observe the various parameters of DD

direct plus DTH antenna

2. To Study and observe the various parameters associated with transponder of DTH

EQUIPMENT /COMPONENTS: TV, set top box

THEORY:

Satellite in use:

INSAT series Geostationary Satellite INSAT-4B from ISRO is being used to provide the
services of DD DIRECT in Ku-Band. Reception of DD DIRECT + signal is available through
the length and breadth of the Indian territory except Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Orbit type: Geo-synchronous

Satellite’s Orbital location: 93.5 East

DTH Receive Parameters: Receive parameters of the Doordarshan’s DTH bouquet of TV

channels (spread in 5 streams), are as follows:

Downlink Symbol Rate

Transponder Polarization LNB Freq FEC
freq.(MHz) (Msps)

K13(36MHz) V 10990 9750 27.5 3/4

K15(36MHz) V 11070 9750 27.5 3/4

K17(36MHz) V 11150 9750 27.5 3/4

K19(36MHz) V 11490 9750 27.5 3/4

K21(36MHz) V 11570 9750 27.5 3/4

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 53
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
PROCEDURE:

1. Switch the DD set top box on

2. Go the main MENU

3. Select the option set antenna and observe

4. Go back to the MENU

5. Now select add transponder and observe the variation in the strength and quality of the
signals as we change the value of variation parameter

6. Press MENU again

7. Opt for the edit transponder and observe the different parameters associated with different
channels

OBSERVATION:

Parameter associated with transponder:

(I)Add transponder:

1 Local Frequency 10600 10600 10600 10600

2 Downlink Frequency 12680 12700 12750 12780

3 Symbol Rate 27500

4 Polarization V/H

(II)Set Antenna:

Local Longitude: --------------------

Local Latitude: --------------------

Satellite Longitude: ----------------

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 54
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053

Antenna Azimuthal: ------------------

Antenna Elevation: ------------------

Diagram of antenna showing Azimuthal and Elevation angle

(III) Edit Transponder:

Parameters DD1 DD NE Smile TV

Local Frequency

Frequency MHz

Symbol Rate

Polarization

CONCLUSION:

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES:

1. Website of DD+DTH

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 55
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 JUHU VERSOVA LINK ROAD, ANDHERI (W), MUMBAI 400 053
Case study

Q.1.Description

Q.2.Purpose

Q.3.General characteristics

Q.4.Background of INSAT (Table of various space craft frequency board, payload etc.)

Q.5.Technical specification

Q.6.Dimension of space craft

Q.7.Payload and antenna type

Q.8.Power

Q.9.Applications

Q.9.Images

Study of VSAT

Q.1.Introduction

Q.2.Description and block diagram

Q.3.General characteristics

Q4. Advantages and Disadvantages

Q5.applications

Study of VSAT

Q.1.Definition and basics

Q.2.System architecture

Q.3.Access technology (TDMA, FDMA)

Q.4.Space segment (transponders)

Q.5.other information which is not included in above point and diagam

Q.6 Applications.

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
LAB INCHARGE & SUBJECT INCHARGE: PROF.N.J.BALUR
Page 56
2022