2.1 Duct Design PP 1
2.1 Duct Design PP 1
2.1 Duct Design PP 1
MSYS4480
Duct design
1. Air flow in ducts
5. Duct accessories
6. Pressure diagram
7. Duct design
1. Equal friction method
2. Balanced Capacity method
8. Flex Ducts
9. In-Slab Ducts
Internal Static Pressure losses occur External Static Pressure (ESP) losses Total Static Pressure (TSP) loss is the
within mechanical equipment and are occur within the system outside of the sum of the internal and external losses
usually calculated by the manufacturer mechanical equipment and are usually in the system.
Examples include calculated by the mechanical
consultant. Examples include
▪ Dampers ▪ Louvers
▪ Filters ▪ Dampers (motorized, balancing,
backdraft…)
▪ Coils
▪ Duct fittings
▪ Heat exchangers
▪ Duct transitions and elbows
▪ Heat recovery devices (such as
wheels, heat pipes) ▪ Air terminals
▪ Air valves and VAV boxes
▪ Filters
A1 x V1 = A2 x V2
A1 x V1
V2
A2
1 ²x
V2 = 500 fpm
Satwinder Singh / tagengineering.ca 24/01/2019 6
Steady Flow Energy Equation
Given the Volume Flow Rate through a duct is 8,000 cfm, the friction loss from
point 1 to point 2 is 0.5” WC. and the static pressure at point 1 is 2” WC.
Pv in Pa and V in m/s
Mass Density ρ
62.4 lbm/ft3 and 999 kg/
Alternate units: Ft
²
PVelocity [ft], V = ft/sec Pressure changes during flow in ducts.
Dh = Hydraulic diameter
a and b are the dimension of a rectangular duct
Compute the lost pressure in a 6 in., 90-degree pleated elbow that has 150 cfm of air flowing through it. The ratio of
turning radius to diameter is 1.5. Assume standard air.
Example:
What is the total pressure loss on the critical
path?
1. Turning vanes
▪ Linear
▪ Airfoil (More efficient)
2. Dampers
▪ Parallel blades (open/close)
▪ Opposed blades (modulate airflow)
▪ Balancing
▪ Motorized
▪ Backdraft
3. Fire dampers
▪ Type A (blades inside air stream)
▪ Type B (blades outside air stream)
Q=AV
Equivalent Length
▪ Describes the amount of static pressure lost in a fitting that would be comparable to a length of straight duct
▪ Rectangular ductwork is the least efficient but can be reduced in depth to accommodate smaller
clearances
▪ Long runs of flex duct and elbows create large pressure drops in your system.
▪ show the duct continuing onward past the branch (as shown
below),
▪ use “pant leg” or wye type fitting (best option but most
expensive)
∆P=100(SP)/EL
3. Size ducts
Given:
• The system shown is supplied air by a rooftop
unit that develops 0.25 in. wg total pressure
external to the unit.
• The return air system requires 0.10 in. wg.
• The ducts are to be of round cross section,
and the maximum velocity in the main run is
850 ft/min, whereas the branch velocities
must not exceed 650 ft/min.
Size:
• The ducts using the equal-friction method.
• Show the location of any required dampers.
Compute the total pressure loss for the
system.