Profile of the

Classification as
Regional Member
Specific Goals The Rich North/
Economic Countries
The Poor South
Integration
1. European Union  Peace, its goals, and the well- Austria, European Union is
being of its residents should all • Belgium considered as Rich North
Date Founded: be promoted. • Bulgaria since It has a GDP of almost
November 1, 1993  provide freedom, security, and • Croatia $16 trillion and accounts
justice without regard for • Republic of Cyprus for roughly two-thirds of
Treaties: national boundaries • Czech Republic Europe's GDP; the EU as a
The Treaty on  long-term development and • Denmark whole is the world's
European stable prices, a competitive • Estonia second wealthiest and
Union, Treaty on the market economy with full • Finland largest economy, trailing
functioning of the employment and prejudice and • France the US by about $5 trillion.
European Union. social marginalization are • Germany
combated through social • Greece
advancement and • Hungary
environmental conservation • Ireland
 promote scientific and • Italy
technological • Latvia
progressstrengthen EU • Lithuania
countries' economic, social, and • Luxembourg
territorial cohesiveness and • Malta
unity • Netherlands
 Appreciate and respect the • Poland
country's unique cultural and • Portugal, Romania,
linguistic diversity • Slovaki
 Create an economic and • Slovenia
monetary union using the euro • Spain
as its currency. • Sweden
2. African Union  To encourage the unity and • Algeria African Union is classified
harmony of the African States; • Angola Poor South. Given the
Date Founded:  • To govern and enhance their • Benin number of conflicts on the
July 9, 2002 collaboration and efforts in • Botswana continent, the 2020
order to improve the lives of • Burkina objective was far too
Treaties: African peoples; • Faso ambitious. The second
Constitutive Act of the  To protect their territorial • Burundi reason is that many of
European Union, sovereignty, integrity, and • Cameroon them are domestic,
General independence; • Cabo Verde stemming from citizens'
Convention on the  To eliminate Africa of all forms • Central African Republic grievances with their
Privileges and of colonialism; and • Chad governments. This
Immunities  To encourage international • Comoros inherent dynamic seems to
of the Organization of collaboration while keeping the • Congo have been overlooked right
African Unity United Nations Charter and the • The Democratic from the start.
Universal Declaration of Human Republic of Congo
Rights in mind. • Cote d’Ivoire
• Djibouti
 • Equatorial Guinea
• Egypt
• Eritrea
• Ethiopia
• Gabon
• Gambia
• Ghana
• Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Kenya
• The Kingdom of
Lesotho
• Liberia
• Libya
• Madagascar
• Malawi
• Mali
• Mauritania
• Mauritius
• Morocco
• Mozambique
• Namibia
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Rwanda
• Saharawi Arab
Democratic Republic
• Sao Tome and Principe
• Senegal
• Seychelles
• Sierra Leone
• Somalia
• South Africa
• South Sudan
• Sudan
• Kingdom of Swaziland
• Tanzania
• Uganda
• Zambia
• Zimbabwe
3. CARICOM • To raise living and working • Antigua CARICOM is classified as
standards • Barbuda Poor south. CARICOM
Date Founded: • Labor and other production • The Bahamas countries are not
August 1, 1973 variables are fully employed. • Barbados impoverished and have
• Economic development and • Belize grown faster than larger
Treaties: convergence that is accelerated, • Dominica countries, indicating that
 The Treaty of coordinated, and sustained • Grenada access to overseas markets
Chaguaramas • Trade and economic links with • Guyana may "significantly alter"
third countries are being • Haiti problems caused by a tiny
expanded. • Jamaica domestic market.
 • Increased competitiveness on • Montserrat
a global scale • Saint Kitts and Nevis,
• Organization in order to boost • Saint Lucia
output and productivity • Saint Vincent and the
• Achieving a higher level of Grenadines
economic leverage • Suriname
• The ability of Member States • Trinidad
to interact effectively with • Tobago
third-party states, groups of
states, and entities of any kind.
• Improved functional
collaboration and coordination
of Member States' foreign and
foreign economic policies.
4. MERCOSUR Mercosur's major goal is to • Argentina MERCOSUR are Poor South
improve the efficiency and • Brazil mainly because they lack
Date Founded: competitiveness of all member • Paraguay access to productive land
March 26, 1997 economies by expanding markets • Uruguay and because land
and encouraging economic • Venezuela distribution is unequal.
Treaties: development in a globalized Landless villagers,
Treaty of Asuncion world. impoverished smallholder
farmers, females, young
people, and ethnic
minorities are the poorest
and most vulnerable
individuals in the rural
parts of the Southern Cone
Common Market
(MERCOSUR) countries.
5. ANDEAN 1. Encourage a balanced and • Bolivia, The Andean Community is
Community harmonious development under • Colombia considered as Rich North
the correct conditions through • Ecuador and It has a population of
Date Founded: international trade integration • Peru 98 million people spread
June 1969 and economic and social out over a land area of
collaboration among member 4.700 square kilometers.
Treaties: economies. 000.000 km2 In 2005, it
Complementary 2. Boost employment creation had a GDP of $745.300
Agreement in the and economic growth. billion, which included
Authoritative Sector, 3. Encourage them to take part in Venezuela, which was a
Cartagena Agreement. the regional integration process. member at the time.
4. Reduce the member countries'
external vulnerability
5. Strengthen subregional
cooperation
6. Strive for continuous progress
in people's living standards.
6. Commonwealth of The CIS's goal is to integrate • Azerbaijan CIS is still classified as Poor
Independent States (CIS) policies in the areas of economy, • Armenia South. Despite this, at the
foreign affairs, military, • Belarus end of a decade of
Date Founded: immigration, protection of the • Georgia transition, an estimated 31
 December 8, 1991 environment, and enforcement • Kazakhstan million people in the CIS-7
agencies among its members. • Kyrgyzstan countries were poor, with
Treaties: • Moldova nearly half of them living in
Charter Treaty • Russia extreme poverty, according
• Tajikistan to two international
• Turkmenistan poverty thresholds.
• Uzbekistan
• Ukraine
7. EFTA The goal of the European Free • Iceland EFTA is considered as Rich
Trade Association (EFTA) is to • Liechtenstein North. The European Free
Date Founded: encourage nonagricultural • Norway Trade Association (EFTA)
May 3, 1960 economic development among its • Switzerland is made up of four
members by removing trade countries that are among
Treaties: obstacles. the wealthiest in the world.
Free trade agreements The banking sector, as well
and trade relations by as the machinery and
partners. building industries, are
prospering in
Liechtenstein.
8. NAFTA • removing trade obstacles • Canada NAFTA is categorized as a
• to enhance collaboration in • Mexico Rich North. NAFTA
Date Founded: North America in order to • United States fostered trade by removing
January 1, 1994 improve working conditions all barriers between the
• to increase and secure the three countries. It also
Treaties: market for goods and services developed international
North American Free manufactured in North America agreements concerning the
Trade Agreement • to create clear and mutually rights of business
beneficial trade norms investors. As a result, the
• to aid in the development and cost of doing business was
expansion of global trade, as well decreased. It fosters
as to act as a catalyst for greater investment and growth,
international cooperation especially among small
businesses.
9. ASEAN • Mutual respect for sovereignty, • Brunei ASEAN is classified as Poor
equality, and territorial integrity. • Burma (Myanmar) South. ASEAN's average
Date Founded: All nations' integrity and national • Cambodia education, skills
August 8, 1967 identity; • Timor-Leste development, and health
• Every state has the right to • Indonesia indicators are all below
Treaties: pursue its national interests free • Laos what is expected given its
ASEAN Declaration; of external interference, • Malaysia current economic levels.
Treaty of Amity subversion, or coercion; • the Philippines Both problems are
and Cooperation in • No intrusion into one another's • Singapore exacerbated by unequal
Southeast Asia: Zone of personal lives; • Thailand access to fundamental
Peace, Freedom and • A peaceful resolution of issues • Vietnam services like as healthcare
Neutrality Declaration or problems; and education, which adds
• Refusal to use or threaten to use to growing income
force; and disparities.
• They have the ability to operate
well together.
10. Pacific Island Forum to help Forum member states in • Australia, Pacific Island forum is
 their efforts to improve the • Cook Islands classified as Poor South.
Date Founded: economic and social well-being of • Federated States of They are small in size, with
1971 the people of the South Pacific by Micronesia limited natural resources
fostering cooperation between • Fiji and narrow-based
Treaties: governments and international • French Polynesia economies; they are
Civil Aviation Safety and agencies and by representing • Kiribat, physically separated from
Security Forum members' interests in • Nauru, major markets; they have
ways that are mutually agreed • New Caledonia small populations
upon. • New Zealand dispersed across many
• Niue, Palau islands; and they are
• Papua New Guinea vulnerable to external
• Republic of Marshall shocks such as COVID-19,
• Islands, Samoa all of which can stifle
• Solomon Islands economic growth, increase
• Tonga poverty, and lead to high
• Tuvalu levels of economic
• Vanuatu. volatility.
11. Asia Pacific Economic Promoting free trade and long- • Australia APEC is considered as Rich
Cooperation (APEC) term growth in the economies of • Brunei Darussalam North. Its 21 member
the Pacific Rim. The Asia-Pacific • Canada economies are home to
Date Founded: Economic Cooperation (APCE) • Chile around 2.9 billion people
December 8, 1985 was established in response to • People's Republic and account for roughly
the growing interdependence of of China 60% of global GDP and
Treaties: Asia-Pacific economies. • Hong Kong, China 48% of global commerce in
Free Trade Agreements • Indonesia 2018. As a result of APEC's
and Regional Trading • Japan efforts, the region's growth
Agreements • Republic of Korea has exploded, with real
• Malaysia GDP jumping from USD 19
trillion in 1989 to USD 46.9
trillion in 2018.
12. South Asia Regional The South Asian Association for • Afghanistan SAARC is considered as
Cooperation (SAARC) Regional Cooperation (SAARC) • Bangladesh Poor South. Insecurity,
strives to promote economic • Bhutan inadequate infrastructure,
Date Founded: growth, social improvement, and • India lousy economic practices,
November 1989 cultural development throughout • Nepal political uncertainty,
the region. • Maldives chronic corruption,
Treaties: • Pakistan poverty, and being
Multilateral • Sri Lanka landlocked are all factors
Treaties/Agreements that contribute to their low
GDP per capita, which
raises the cost of doing
business and diminishes
competitiveness.
13. Arab Maghreb Union The Arab Maghreb Union's (AMIJ) • Algeria AMU is classified as Poor
(AMU) goal is to achieve economic and • Libya South. On a per capita
political union in North Africa, as • Mauritania basis, the Maghreb is
Date Founded: well as to establish a common • Morocco impoverished, with GDP of
February 17, 1989 market in the Maghrebian region. • Tunisia only $4,000 for each of the
region's 80 million people,
Treaties: a figure equivalent to
The Founding Treaty Lithuania. In 1989, the five
states signed a treaty
establishing the trade bloc,
which included a plan for a
shared market by the year
2000.

14. Gulf Cooperation The GCC's goal is to bring its • United Arab Emirates Gulf Cooperation Council is
Council members together around • Saudi Arabia considered as Rich North.
common goals and shared • Qatar These Middle Eastern
Date Founded: political and cultural identities • Oman countries have a shared
May 25, 1981 founded on Arab and Islamic • Kuwait religion in Islam as well as
traditions Islamic civilizations. • Bahrain an affinity for Arabian
Treaties: culture. They also have a
Unified Economic common economic interest
agreement that is unrelated to their
membership in OPEC.
These countries are
looking for ways to
diversify their economy
away from oil. They are
among the world's
wealthiest countries on a
per-capita basis.

 Critical Thinking Questions:

1. How did Globalization challenge the Global North-South divide?

Globalization impacted the North-South divide in such a way that it widened the distance
between nations. The Global North is seen to be wealthy, while the Global South is considered to be less
developed. On the other hand, Globalization influenced the Divide by bridging the gap between each
nation by forming new alliances, unions, and chances to aid and benefit nations, particularly those in the
Global South, allowing them to catch up economically to their Northern counterparts.

2. Describe the relationship between Globalization and the rise of transnational crimes and
terrorism?

Globalization enhances global trade while also integrating complex regulation; this has helped
traffickers and smugglers. Terrorists, revolutionaries, and tyrants all rely on unlawful transactions
to fund their campaigns, therefore as the world becomes more globalized, the incidence of
transitional offenses and violence will rise as economic and resource distributions within
countries become more unbalanced.

Part 2. In 100 words make an analysis on how the new concept of global relations emerges from the
experiences of Latin-American Countries.

Latin America has been rattled by a new surge of political developments in advanced countries since
mid-2016. The traits are in line with the emergence of political movements that promote international
cooperation. Latin Americans are too disjointed and lack a strong enough connection to have an impact on
the rest of the globe, with Brazil being the only Latin American country to accomplish so. To have any
impact in the globe, the remainder of Latin America's countries would have to join together through a
single trading block, but they aren't industrialized or diversified enough to do so.