UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ARCHITECTURE
Bachelor of Architecture
Structure Design-I (ART-224)

Design of Slabs DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

SLAB

• Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal,

in building floors, roofs, bridges, and other types of structures. The
slab may be supported by walls, by reinforced concrete beams usually
cast monolithically with the slab, by structural steel beams,
by columns, or by the ground.

2
CLASSIFICATION OF SLABS

Slabs are classified into two types:

• One Way Slab

• Two Way Slab

3
ONE WAY SLAB
• One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two
opposite sides to carry the load along one direction. The ratio of
longer span (l) to shorter span (b) is equal or greater than 2, considered
as One way slab because this slab will bend in one direction i.e in
the direction along its shorter span.

4
ONE WAY SLAB

• Due to the huge difference in lengths, the load is not transferred to the
shorter beams. Main reinforcement is provided in shorter span and
distribution reinforcement in a longer span.

• Example: Generally all the Cantilever slabs are one Way slab. Chajjas
and verandahs are a practical example of one way slab.

5
TWO WAY SLAB
• Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and
the loads are carried by the supports along with both directions, it is
known as two way slab. In two way slab, the ratio of longer span (l) to
shorter span (b) is less than 2.

6
TWO WAY SLAB
• In two way slabs, the load will be carried in both the directions. So, the
main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two way slabs.

• Example: These types of slabs are used in constructing floors of a multi-

storeyed building.

7
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE WAY AND
TWO WAY SLAB
Sr.No One Way slab Two way Slab

1 Slabs are supported by the beams on the two Slabs are supported by beams on all the four sides.
opposite sides

2 Main reinforcement is provided on shorter span Main reinforcement is provided in both sides due to
due to bending bending occurs on both sides

3 Main Reinforcement is provided in only Main Reinforcement is provided along both the
direction for one way slabs directions in two way slabs.

4 Loads are carried along one direction in one Loads are carried along both the directions in two way
way slab. slabs.
8
ONE WAY SLAB REINFORCEMENT
DETAILS

9
TWO WAY SLAB REINFORCEMENT
DETAILS

10
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 1

• Design a Verandah Slab to cover a clear span of 2.5 metres for M 20

concrete grade and to be used as a steel reinforcement. It carries a
superimposed load of 2500N/m2 including Finishes. The thickness of
the walls on two opposite supporting edges may be taken as 225 mm.

11
SOLUTION

12
13
14
15
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 2

• Design a Verandah Slab to cover a clear span of 2.6 metres for M 20

concrete grade and to be used as a steel reinforcement. It carries a
superimposed load of 3000N/m2 including Finishes. The thickness of
the walls on two opposite supporting edges may be taken as 180 mm.

16
17
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 3

• Design a Two way slab for a room having clear dimensions of 4000 *
5000 mm. Take Live load as 2000 N/m2 and finishes as 500 N/m2. Use
M 20 mix and HYSD bar as reinforcement.

18
SOLUTION

19
SOLUTION

20
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 4

• Design a Verandah Slab to cover a clear span of 3.1 metres for M 20

concrete grade and to be used as a steel reinforcement. It carries a
superimposed load of 2800N/m2 including Finishes. The thickness of
the walls on two opposite supporting edges may be taken as 300 mm.

21
SOLUTION

22
SOLUTION

23
SOLUTION

24
25
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 5 (Time 40
Minutes)
• Design a Two way slab for a room having clear dimensions of 4470 *
5780 mm. Take Live load as 2500 N/m2 and finishes as 800 N/m2. Use
M 20 mix and HYSD bar as reinforcement.

26
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 6

• Design a Two way slab for a room having clear dimensions of 4800 *
5900 mm. Take Live load as 2500 N/m2 and finishes as 800 N/m2. Use
M 20 mix and HYSD bar as reinforcement.

27
28
29
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 7 (Time: 40
Minutes)
• Design a Two way slab for a room having clear dimensions of 5600 *
6300 mm. Take Live load as 3000 N/m2 and finishes as 1200 N/m2.
Use M 20 mix and HYSD bar as reinforcement.

30
NUMERICAL PROBLEM 5 (Time:20
Minutes)
• Design a Verandah Slab to cover a clear span of 3.5 metres for M 20
concrete grade and to be used as a steel reinforcement. It carries a
superimposed load of 3200N/m2 including Finishes. The thickness of
the walls on two opposite supporting edges may be taken as 360 mm.

31
• The maximum positive and negative moments per unit width in a slab are
determined from
Mx = αx w lx2
My = αy w lx2
• Table 26 of IS 456, Annex D, cl. D-1.1. Total design load per unit area is w and
lengths of shorter and longer spans are represented by lx and ly, respectively. The
above maximum bending moments are applicable only to the middle strips and no
redistribution shall be made.
• The edge strips will have reinforcing bars parallel to that edge following the
minimum amount as stipulated in IS 456.

32
SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLABS

The maximum moments per unit width of simply supported slabs, not
having adequate provision to resist torsion at corners and to prevent the
corners from lifting, are determined from Eqs.8.3 and 8.4, where αx and
αy and are the respective coefficients of moments as given in Table 27 of
IS 456, cl. D-2.

33
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A) Effective span to effective depth ratio (cl. 24.1 of IS 456)

The following are the relevant provisions given in Notes 1 and 2 of cl. 24.1.

• The shorter of the two spans should be used to determine the span to effective depth ratio.

• For spans up to 3.5 m and with mild steel reinforcement, the span to overall depth ratios
satisfying the limits of vertical deflection for loads up to 3kN/m2 are as follows:

Simply supported slabs 35

Continuous slabs 40

The same ratios should be multiplied by 0.8 when high strength deformed bars (Fe 415) are used
in the slabs.
34
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLABS
• The procedure of the design of two-way slabs will have all the six steps for the design of
one-way slabs except that the bending moments and shear forces are determined by
different methods for the two types of slab.

• While the bending moments and shear forces are computed from the coefficients given in
Tables 12 and 13 (cl. 22.5) of IS 456 for the one-way slabs, the same are obtained from
Tables 26 or 27 for the bending moment in the two types of two-way slabs.

• Further, the restrained two-way slabs need adequate torsional reinforcing bars at the
corners to prevent them from lifting. There are three types of corners having three
different requirements.

35
 COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-
WAY SLAB BEHAVIOR

One-way slabs carry load in

one direction.

Two-way slabs carry load in

two directions.
 COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY
SLAB BEHAVIOR
One-way and two-way slab
action carry load in two
directions.

One-way slabs: Generally, long side/short side > 2

COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY
SLAB BEHAVIOR

Flat slab Two-way slab with beams

Comparison of One-way and Two-way slab
behavior
For flat plates and slabs the column connections can vary between:
COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY
SLAB BEHAVIOR

Flat Plate Waffle slab

COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-
WAY SLAB BEHAVIOR

The two-way ribbed slab and waffled slab system: General thickness
of the slab is 2 to 4 in.
 COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY
SLAB BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CHOICES

• Flat Plate suitable span 20 to 25 ft with LL= 60 -100 psf

Advantages
• Low cost formwork
• Exposed flat ceilings
• Fast

Disadvantages
• Low shear capacity
• Low Stiffness (notable deflection)
 COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-
WAY SLAB BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC
CHOICES
• Flat Slab suitable span 20 to 30 ft with LL= 80 -150 psf
Advantages
• Low cost formwork
• Exposed flat ceilings
• Fast

Disadvantages
• Need more formwork for capital and panels
COMPARISON OF ONE-WAY AND TWO-
WAY SLAB BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC
CHOICES
• Waffle Slab suitable span 30 to 48 ft with LL= 80 -150 psf
Advantages
• Carries heavy loads
• Attractive exposed ceilings
• Fast
Disadvantages
• Formwork with panels is expensive
 REFERENCE

 NilsonandWinter“DesignofConcreteStructures”,TataMcGrawHillPublis
hers
 Pillai & Menon Reinforced Concrete Design, Oxford Publishers
 P.C. Vergese “Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete ”,PHI
Publishers
 M.LGambhir“DesignofReinforcedConcreteTechnology”,PHIPublishers
A.K.Jain “Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete”
 Reinforced concrete structures I.C.Syal &A.K.Goel, S.Chand Publisher
VERSION1.0

45
 THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]