UNIT 4 - QUEUEING MODELS

FORMULAS

MODEL-I :
1.Steady state probability

2.Average no. of customers in the system

3.Average number of customers in the queue ( )

4. Average waiting time of a customer in the system

5. Average waiting time of a customer in the system

6.Probability that the no. of customers in the system exceeds ‘k’

7. Average number of customers in the non-empty queue ( )

8. Average waiting time of customers in the queue ,if he has to wait.

9. Probability density function (pdf) of the waiting time in the system

10. Probability that the waiting time of a customer in the system exceeds ‘t’

NOTE
 dooes not follow an exponential distbn.

MODEL-II :

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

MODEL-III

1.
2.

3. where is the effective arrival rate

4.

5.

MODEL-IV

1.

2.

3.

4.
5. where is the effective arrival rate

6.

PART-A

1.In a given queue , what is the probability that the queue

contains 5 or more customers.
Soln:
2. What is the probability that a customer has to wait more than 15 min. to get his service
Completed in queue system if ?
Soln: ,

3.A dublicating machine maintained for office use is operated by an office assistant. If jobs
arrive at a rate of 5 per hour and the time to complete each job varies according to an
exponential distbn.with mean 6 min.,find the percentage of idle time of the machine
in a day.(Assume that jobs arrive according to a poisson process)

Soln: model

50 % of time the machine is idle.

4. For model write down the little’s formula.

Soln:
,

5. Consider an (M/M/1) queueing system . If and find the probability of

atleast 10 customers in the system.

Soln:
6. What are the basic characteristics of Queuing process.

Soln: 1. Arrival time pattern (distribution) (a)

2. Service time pattern(distribution) (b)
3. No. of services ( c)
4. Capacity of the system (d)
5. Service discipline (Queue discipline) (e)

7. Write the Kendall’s notation and explain.

Soln: is the Kendall’s notation

a , b , c , d , e are explained as above in Q.no.(6)

8. Derive the average no. of customers in the system for

Soln:

9. What is the probability that an arrival to an infinite capacity 3 server poisson queue
With enters the service without waiting .
Soln: Arriving customer shall enter the system without waiting if
No. of customer in the system No.of server (=3)

Given

10. Consider an M/M/C queueing system. Find the probability that an arriving customer is
forced to join the queue.

Soln: Arriving customers has to join the queue if

No. of customers in the system no. of server =c
11. What is the probability that an arrival to an infinite capacity 3 server poisson queueing
System with enters the service without waiting .
Soln: model
Customers enters the system without waiting if less than 3 customer in the system

12. What is the effective arrival rate for queueing model.

Soln:

13. For model , write down the formula for

(a) average no. of customers in the system
(b) average waiting time in the system
Soln: (a)
where

(b)

PART-B

1Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson with an average time of 12 min.
between one arrival and the next. The length of a phone call is assumed to be distributed
exponentially with mean 4 min.
(a) Find the average number of persons waiting in the system.
(b) What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait in the queue?
(c) What is the probability that it will take him more than 10 min. altogether
to wait for the phone and complete his call?
(d) Estimate the fraction of the day when the phone will be in use.
(e) The telephone department will install a second booth, when convinced that an arrival has
to wait on the average for at least 3 min. for phone. By how much the flow of arrivals should
increase in order to justify a second
booth?
(f) What is the average length of the queue that forms from time to time?

Soln.
Mean inter-arrival time = = 12 min

mean arrival rate = per minute.

Mean servtce time = = 4 min.

per min

(a) E(N) = (by formula (1) of model I )

= 0.5 customer

(b) P(W> 0) =1 - P (W =0)

= 1 - P (no customer in the system)
= 1- ..

== (by the formula for of model I )

(c) P(W> 10) = [by formula (8) of model I]

(d) P(the phone will be idle) = P(N = 0) = Po

.·. P (the phone will be in use) =

or the fraction of the day when the phone will be in use =

(e)
The second phone will be installed, if E(Wq) > 3.
 [by formula (10) of model I]

Hence the arrival rate should increase by - = per mi.nute, to jiuussttiify a

Second phone.

(f) E(Nq/the queue is always available)

= E(Nq/Nq > 0)

=E(Nq/N> 1)

2.Customers arrive at a watch repair shop according to p poisson process at a rate of

one per every 10 minutes and the service time is an exponential r.v.with mean 8 min.
( i ) Find the average number of customers in the shop.
( ii ) Find the average time a customer spends in the shop .
( iii ) Find the average number of customers in the queue .
( iv ) What is the probability that the server is idle.

Soln: Watch repair shop .

Nothing given about the no. of machines .
assume only one machine (1 server)
No restrictioin about the accommodation of customers
model.
For 10 min. 1 customer arrived .

8 min. service time for 1 customer .

 (i)

( ii )

( iii )

( iv )

3. Customers arrive at a one – man barber shop according to a poisson process with a
mean inner arrival time of 20 min. Customers spend an average of 15 min. in the
barber chair.If an hour is used as a unit time , then
( i ) What is the probability that a customer need not wait for a hair cut ?
( ii ) What is the expected no. of customers in the barber shop and in the queue?
(iii) How much time can a customer expect to spend in the barber shop?
(iv) Find the average time that the customer spend in the queue.
(v) What is the probability that there will be 6 or more customers waiting for service?

Soln: inter arrival time 20 min

15 min. service time for 1 customer .

(i) If no customer in the system, the customer no need to wait

(ii) Barber shop + queue

(iii) Time to spend in the barber shop ( system )

 (iv)

(v)

4. There are three typists in an office. Each typist can type an average of 6 letters
per hour. If letters arrive for being typed at the rate of 15 letters per hour,
(a) What fraction of the time all the typists will be busy?
(b) What is the average number of letters waiting to be typed?
(c) What is the average time a letter has to spend for waiting and for being
typed .
Soln: Ther are three typists
No restrictioin about the accommodation of customers
model.

(a) All the typists will be busy if there are atleast 3 customers (letters) in
the system

(b) Waiting to be typed (queue)

(c)

5. A repairman is to be hired to repair machines which breakdown at an average rate

of 3 per hour . The breakdown follow poisson distbn. . Non-productive time of
machine is considered to cost Rs 16 per hr.Two repairman have been interviewed
one is slow but cheap while the other is fast and expensive . The slow repairman
charges Rs 8 /hr and he services machines at the rate of 4 /hr. The fast repairman
demands Rs 10 /hr and services at the rate of 6 /hr.Which repairman should be hired

Soln: For fast repairman

The cost includes cost paid to repairman and idle time cost .
Idle time cost =

Total cost = Idle time cost + cost paid to repairman

= Rs 128 +(Rs 10)*8 = Rs 208

For slow repairman

Total cost = Idle time cost + cost paid to repairman

= Rs 384 +(Rs 8)*8 = Rs 448

6.Automatic car wash facility operates with only one bay . Cars arrive according to a
poisson process , with mean of 4 cars per hour and may wait in the facility parking lot
if the bay is busy . If the service time for all cars is constant and equal to 10 min.
Determine
Soln: Only one bay
Given that arrivals are poisson and service time is constant (not exponential).

V(T) = 0 (as the service time is conatant)

7.A bank has two tellers working on savings account.The first teller handles withdrawls only.
The second teller handles deposits only. It has been found that the service time distributions
for both deposits and withdrawls are exponential distribution with mean service time of
3min.
per customer . Deposits are found to arrive in a poisson fashion throughout the day with
mean
arrival rate of 16 per hour,withdrawls also arrive in a poisson fashion with mean arrival
rate of 14 per hour.What would be the effect on the average waiting time for the
customers of each
teller could handle both withdrawls and deposits.

Soln: (i) If withdrawls and deposits are handled by two tellers separately,then the situation
is
2 (M/M/1) queuing models.

(ii)If bothe tellers handle both services ,it is (M/M2) queuing model.

(i) Deposits only(M/M/1) Withdrawls only(M/M/1)

( ii ) Deposits & withdrawls (M/M/2)

By little’s formula
Conclusion : ( ii ) is better

8.On average 96 patients per 24 hour day require the service of an emergency Clinic
Also anaverage a patient requires 10 min.of active attention .Assume that the facility
can handle onlyone emergency at a time . Suppose that it costs the clinic Rs 100 per patient t
reated to obtain an average servicing time of 10 min.and that each min. of decrease in this
average time would cost Rs.10 per patient treated . How much would have to be budgeted
by the clinic to decrease the average size of queue from 1 patient to patient ?

Soln: Only one server can be handled at a time

model .
No restriction on accommodation
The problem dealt with queue size (unit time = 1 min)

For the new queue size (shall be reduced by increasing )

9. In a railway marshalling yard , goods trains arrive at a rate of 30 trains per day. Assume
that Inter-arrival time follows exponential distbn. And the service time is also exponential
with an average of 36 minutes . Calculate the following
( 1 ) the mean queue size , (2) the probability that the queue size exceeds 10
(3) If the input of the trains increases to an average of 33 per day , what will be the
change
above quantities .
Soln: only one marshalling yard (M/M/1) model
Nothing is given about system capacity (M/M/1) :

(1)

(2) Queu size exceeds 20

 (3) If

(i) ( ii )

10. A petrol pump has 2 pumps .The service times follow the exponential distbn with mean of
4 min. and cars arrive for service is a poisson process at the rate of 10 cars per hour. Find
the Probability that a customer has to wait service. What is the probability that the pumps
remain idle.
Soln: 2 pumps
No restriction on accomodation

( i ) Customer has to wait for the service if there are atleast 2 customers (cars)in the
System (station)

( ii ) both pumps remain idle = no customers(cars) in the system

=

( iii ) any of the pump remain idle if atmost one car in the system

11. A petrol pump station has 4 pumps. The service times follow the exponential
distribution with a mean of 6 min and cars arrive for service in a Poisson process
at the rate of 30 cars per hour.
(1) What is the probability that an arrival would have to wait in line?
(2) Find the average waiting time, average time spent in the system and the average
no. of cars in the system.

Soln:

( i ) Probability that arrival has to wait in line =

; ;

(ii)

12. A 2 person barber shop has 5 chairs to accommodate waiting customers .

Potential customers , who arrive when all 5 chairs are full, leave without
entering shop . Customers arrive at average rate of 4 / hr and spend average
of 12 min. in the barber chair. Compute
Soln: 2 person shop
Accomodation for 5 customers to wait +2 chair = 7
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

13. Derive queueing model

Soln:

By birth and death process

Now sum of all probabilities = 1

To find

To find
Using Littlle’s formula

To find
Using Littlle’s formula

To find
Using Littlle’s formula

14. Derive queueing model

Soln:

By birth and death process

To find

can be found using Little’s formula.

To find

15. Derive queueing model

Soln:
To find
Case(i)

case(ii) when
Substitute in (1)

To find
Case(i)
case-(ii)

can be found using Little’s formula.