PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet A

1 a x2 + y2 = 25 b (x − 1)2 + (y − 3)2 = 4 c (x − 4)2 + (y + 6)2 = 1

d (x + 1)2 + (y + 8)2 = 9 e (x + 1 2
2
) + (y − 1 2
2
) = 1
4
f (x + 3)2 + (y − 9)2 = 12

2 a centre (0, 0) radius 4 b centre (6, 1) radius 9 c centre (−1, 4) radius 11

d centre (7, 0) radius 0.3 e centre (−2, −5) radius 4 2 f centre (8, −9) radius 6 3

3 a x2 + (y − 2)2 − 4 + 3 = 0 b (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y − 5)2 − 25 − 23 = 0

x2 + (y − 2)2 = 1 (x − 1)2 + (y − 5)2 = 49
centre (0, 2) radius 1 centre (1, 5) radius 7
c (x + 6)2 − 36 + (y − 4)2 − 16 + 36 = 0 d (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y + 8)2 − 64 = 35
(x + 6)2 + (y − 4)2 = 16 (x − 1)2 + (y + 8)2 = 100
centre (−6, 4) radius 4 centre (1, −8) radius 10
e (x − 4)2 − 16 + (y + 3)2 − 9 = 0 f (x + 5)2 − 25 + (y − 1)2 − 1 − 19 = 0
(x − 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 (x + 5)2 + (y − 1)2 = 45
centre (4, −3) radius 5 centre (−5, 1) radius 3 5
g x2 + y2 − x − 6y + 1
4
=0 h x2 + y2 + 2
3
x− 8
3
y+ 8
9
=0
(x − 1 2
2
) − 1
4
+ (y − 3) − 9 +
2 1
4
=0 (x + 1 2
3
) − 1
9
+ (y − 4 2
3
) − 16
9
+ 8
9
=0
(x − 1 2
2
) + (y − 3) = 92
(x + 1 2
3
) + (y − 4 2
3
) =1
centre ( 12 , 3) radius 3 centre ( − 13 , 4
3
) radius 1

4 a radius = 9 + 16 = 5 ∴ (x − 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25

b radius = 25 + 4 = 29 ∴ (x + 5)2 + (y − 7)2 = 29

5 a centre ( 1+23 , −2) = (2, −2) b centre ( −72+1 , 2 +2 8 ) = (−3, 5) c centre ( 1+24 , 1+ 0
2
) = ( 52 , 1
2
)
radius = 1 radius = 16 + 9 = 5 radius = 9
4
+ 41 = 5
2

∴ (x − 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 1 ∴ (x + 3)2 + (y − 5)2 = 25 ∴ (x − 5 2

2
) + (y − 1 2
2
) = 5
2

10 − 1 9 − 10
6 a grad PQ = = 3, grad QR = = − 13
3−0 6−3
grad PQ × grad QR = 3 × ( − 13 ) = −1
∴ PQ and QR are perpendicular
∴ ∠PQR is a right-angle
b ∠PQR is a right-angle ∴ PR is a diameter of C
∴ centre is ( 0 +2 6 , 1+29 ) = (3, 5)
radius = 5
∴ (x − 3)2 + (y − 5)2 = 25
x2 − 6x + 9 + y2 − 10y + 25 − 25 = 0
x2 + y2 − 6x − 10y + 9 = 0

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet A page 2

7 a centre (0, 0) radius 8 b (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y − 3)2 − 9 − 26 = 0

dist. pt to centre = 9 (x − 1)2 + (y − 3)2 = 36
∴ outside circle centre (1, 3) radius 6
dist. pt to centre = 9 + 16 = 5
∴ inside circle
c (x + 5)2 − 25 + (y − 2)2 − 4 = 140 d (x + 1)2 − 1 + (y + 4)2 − 16 − 13 = 0
(x + 5)2 + (y − 2)2 = 169 (x + 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 30
centre (−5, 2) radius 13 centre (−1, −4) radius 30
dist. pt to centre = 144 + 25 = 13 dist. pt to centre = 9 + 25 = 34
∴ on circle ∴ outside circle

2 +8
8 (x + 6)2 − 36 + (y − 3)2 − 9 + 27 = 0 9 x-coord of centre = 2
=5
(x + 6) + (y − 3) = 18
2 2
y-coord of centre = 4 ∴ centre (5, 4)
centre (−6, 3) radius 3 2 radius = dist. (0, 4) to (5, 4) = 5
dist. Q to centre = 196 + 4 = 10 2 ∴ (x − 5)2 + (y − 4)2 = 25
min. PQ = 10 2 − 3 2 = 7 2

−2 + ( −4)
10 (x + 4)2 − 16 + (y − 6)2 − 36 + k = 0 11 a mid-point PQ = ( −22+ 2 , 2
) = (0, −3)
−4 + 2
(x + 4)2 + (y − 6)2 = 52 − k grad PQ = = − 12
2+2
centre (−4, 6) r2 = 52 − k perp. grad = 2
r > 0 ∴ k < 52 ∴ y = 2x − 3
also require r < 4 b mid-point PR = ( −22+ 7 , −2 +1
2
) = ( 52 , − 12 )
1+ 2
∴ 52 − k < 16 grad PR = = 1
7+2 3

k > 36 perp. grad = −3

∴ 36 < k < 52 perp. bisector y + 1
2
= −3(x − 5
2
)
y = 7 − 3x
centre where intersect 2x − 3 = 7 − 3x
x = 2 ∴ (2, 1)
c radius = dist. (2, 1) to (7, 1) = 5
∴ (x − 2)2 + (y − 1)2 = 25

12 a (x − 2)2 − 4 + (y − 2)2 − 4 − 28 = 0 13 (x + 3)2 − 9 + (y − 1)2 − 1 = 0

(x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 = 36 (x + 3)2 + (y − 1)2 = 10
centre (2, 2) radius 6 centre (−3, 1) radius 10
dist. = 64 + 36 = 10 dist. centre to (2, 6) = 25 + 25 = 50
b tangent perp to radius PQ = ( 50 ) − ( 10 ) = 40
2 2 2

∴ AB = 10 − 6 = 64
2 2 2
PQ = 40 = 2 10
AB = 8

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet A page 3

14 a (x − 3)2 − 9 + (y − 5)2 − 25 + 16 = 0 15 a (x + 2)2 − 4 + y2 = 13

∴ centre (3, 5) ∴ centre (−2, 0)
5−2 0−4
b grad = = −1 grad = =4
3−6 −2 + 1
c y − 2 = −(x − 6) [y=8−x] ∴ y − 4 = 4(x + 1) [ y = 4x + 8 ]
b (x + 1)2 − 1 + (y + 2)2 − 4 − 40 = 0
∴ centre (−1, −2)
−2 − 1 1
grad normal = =
−1 − 5 2

∴ grad tangent = −2
∴ y − 1 = −2(x − 5) [ y = 11 − 2x ]
c (x − 5)2 − 25 + (y + 2)2 − 4 + 4 = 0
∴ centre (5, −2)
−2 − 2
grad normal = = − 43
5−2
∴ grad tangent = 3
4

∴ y−2= 3
4
(x − 2) [ 3x − 4y + 2 = 0 ]

16 x = 0 ⇒ y2 + 6y − 16 = 0 17 a sub. x2 + (x − 4)2 = 10
(y + 8)(y − 2) = 0 x2 − 4x + 3 = 0
y = −8, 2 (x − 1)(x − 3) = 0
y = 0 ⇒ x2 − 6x − 16 = 0 x = 1, 3
(x + 2)(x − 8) = 0 ∴ (1, −3) and (3, −1)
x = −2, 8 b sub. y = 17 − 3x
∴ (0, −8), (0, 2), (−2, 0) and (8, 0) x2 + (17 − 3x)2 − 4x − 2(17 − 3x) − 15 = 0
x2 − 10x + 24 = 0
(x − 4)(x − 6) = 0
x = 4, 6
∴ (4, 5) and (6, −1)
c sub.
4x2 + 4(2x + 2)2 + 4x − 8(2x + 2) − 15 = 0
4x2 + 4x − 3 = 0
(2x + 3)(2x − 1) = 0
x = − 32 , 12
∴ ( − 32 , −1) and ( 12 , 3)

18 sub. 19 sub.
x2 + (1 − x)2 + 6x + 2(1 − x) = 27 x2 + (2x + 1)2 − 8x − 8(2x + 1) + 27 = 0
x2 + x − 12 = 0 x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
(x + 4)(x − 3) = 0 (x − 2)2 = 0
x = −4, 3 repeated root ∴ tangent
∴ (−4, 5) and (3, −2) touch when x = 2 ∴ at (2, 5)
AB = 49 + 49 = 7 2

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet A page 4

20 sub. 21 sub.
x2 + (x + k)2 + 6x − 8(x + k) + 17 = 0 x2 + m2x2 − 8x − 16mx + 72 = 0
2x2 + (2k − 2)x + k2 − 8k + 17 = 0 (1 + m2)x2 − (8 + 16m)x + 72 = 0
tangent ∴ repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0 tangent ∴ repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0
⇒ (2k − 2)2 − 8(k2 − 8k + 17) = 0 ⇒ (8 + 16m)2 − 288(1 + m2) = 0
k2 − 14k + 33 = 0 m2 − 8m + 7 = 0
(k − 3)(k − 11) = 0 (m − 1)(m − 7) = 0
∴ k = 3 or 11 ∴ m = 1, 7

k − 3y
22 sub. x = 23 a x = 0 ⇒ y2 − 6y − 7 = 0
2
k − 3y k − 3y
( )2 + y2 + 6( ) + 4y = 0 (y + 1)(y − 7) = 0
2 2
(k − 3y) + 4y + 12(k − 3y) + 16y = 0
2 2
y = −1, 7
13y2 − (6k + 20)y + k2 + 12k = 0 ∴ (0, −1) and (0, 7)
tangent ∴ repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0 b (x − 2)2 − 4 + (y − 3)2 − 9 = 7
⇒ (6k + 20)2 − 52(k2 + 12k) = 0 ∴ centre (2, 3)
3 +1
k2 + 24k − 25 = 0 grad normal at (0, −1) = =2
2−0
(k + 25)(k − 1) = 0 ∴ grad tangent at (0, −1) = − 12
∴ k = −25, 1 ∴ y = − 12 x − 1
3−7
grad normal at (0, 7) = = −2
2−0
∴ grad tangent at (0, 7) = 1
2

∴ y= 1
2
x+7
intersect when − 12 x − 1 = 1
2
x+7
x = −8
∴ (−8, 3)

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet B

1 a (x − 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 2 a = ( −52+ 3 , 6+8

2
) = (−1, 7)
b sub. (x − 3) + [(2x − 3) + 2] = 25
2 2
b radius = 16 + 1 = 17
(x − 3)2 + (2x − 1)2 = 25 ∴ (x + 1)2 + (y − 7)2 = 17
7−6
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0 c grad of radius = = 1
−1 − (−5) 4

(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 ∴ grad of tangent = −4

x = −1, 3 ∴ y − 6 = −4(x + 5)
∴ (−1, −5) and (3, 3) [ y = −4x − 14 ]
AB2 = 42 + 82 = 80
AB = 80 = 16 × 5 = 4 5

3 a (x + 4)2 − 16 + (y − 8)2 − 64 + 62 = 0 4 a PQ = 1 + 9 = 10
(x + 4) + (y − 8) = 18
2 2
radius = 1
2
PQ = 1
2
10
∴ centre (−4, 8) radius 3 2 b = midpoint of PR
0+7 4+3
b grad of l = 2 ∴ grad of perp. = − 12 = ( 2 , 2 ) = ( 72 , 7
2
)
0 +1
eqn. of line perp to l through centre: c midpoint of PQ = ( 2
, 4 2+1 ) = ( 12 , 5
2
)
y − 8 = − (x + 4)1
2
centre of C1 = midpoint of ( , 1
2
5
2
) and ( 72 , 7
2
)
1+7 5+7
y=6− 1
2
x =( 2 2
2
, 2 2
2
) = (2, 3)
intersects l when: ∴ eqn. of C1:
2x + 1 = 6 − 12 x (x − 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = ( 12 10 )2
x = 2 ∴ (2, 5) is closest point x2 − 4x + 4 + y2 − 6y + 9 = 5
2
dist. (2, 5) to centre 2x2 − 8x + 8 + 2y2 − 12y + 18 = 5
= 36 + 9 = 45 = 3 5 2x2 + 2y2 − 8x − 12y + 21 = 0
min. dist. = 3 5 − 3 2 = 3( 5 − 2)

5 a midpoint AB = ( 0 +2 2 , 3+ 7
2
) = (1, 5) 6 AP2 = (x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2
7−3
grad AB = =2 BP2 = x2 + (y + 2)2
2−0
∴ perp. grad = − 12 AP = 2BP ∴ AP2 = 4BP2
∴ y − 5 = − 12 (x − 1) ∴ (x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2 = 4[x2 + (y + 2)2]
[y= 11
2
− 1
2
x] x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 − 8y + 16 = 4x2 + 4y2 + 16y + 16
b circle touches y-axis at (0, 3) x2 − 2x + y2 + 8y − 3 = 0
∴ y-coord of centre = 3 (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y + 4)2 − 16 − 3 = 0
sub. 3 = 112 − 12 x (x − 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 20
x=5 in form (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 ∴ circle
∴ centre (5, 3) radius 5 centre (1, −4) radius 2 5
∴ (x − 5)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25
7−3
c grad of radius = = − 43
2−5
∴ grad of tangent = 3
4

∴ y−7= 3
4
(x − 2)
4y − 28 = 3x − 6
3x − 4y + 22 = 0

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet B page 2

−4 + ( −2) 9 + ( −5)
7 a =( 2
, 2
) = (−3, 2) 8 a x2 + (y − 2)2 − 4 − 16 = 0
b radius = 1 + 49 = 50 ∴ centre (0, 2)
∴ (x + 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 50 b C2: (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y − 4)2 − 16 − 60 = 0
c sub. (2, 7) into eqn of C: ∴ centre (1, 4)
4−2
(2 + 3)2 + (7 − 2)2 = 50 grad = =2
1− 0
25 + 25 = 50 ∴ y = 2x + 2
true ∴ R lies on C c sub. into eqn of C1:
d 90° x2 + [(2x + 2) − 2]2 − 20 = 0
PQ is a diameter x2 + (2x)2 − 20 = 0
∴ ∠PRQ is the angle in a semicircle x2 = 4
x=±2
from diagram, x = −2 at P
∴ P (−2, −2)
l perp to line through centres
∴ grad = − 12
∴ y + 2 = − 12 (x + 2)
[ y = − 12 x − 3 ]

9 a (x − 4)2 − 16 + (y + 2)2 − 4 + 12 = 0 10 a radius = b

(x − 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 8 ∴ (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = b2
centre (4, −2) radius 2 2 b sub. y = x into eqn
b dist. P to centre (x − a)2 + (x − b)2 = b2
= 1 + 49 = 50 = 5 2 x2 − 2ax + a2 + x2 − 2bx + b2 = b2
∴ max. PQ = 5 2 + 2 2 = 7 2 2x2 − 2(a + b)x + a2 = 0
min. PQ = 5 2 − 2 2 = 3 2 tangent ∴ repeated root
c tangent perp. to radius ∴ “b2 − 4ac” = 0
PQ2 = ( 5 2 )2 − ( 2 2 )2 = 50 − 8 = 42 4(a + b)2 − 8a2 = 0
PQ = 42 = 6.48 a2 − 2ab − b2 = 0
2b ± 4b 2 + 4b 2
a= =b± 2b
2
a > 0, b > 0 ∴ a = (1 + 2 )b

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet C

1 a (x − 4)2 − 16 + y2 + 7 = 0 2 a (x − 3)2 − 9 + (y + 1)2 − 1 − 15 = 0

∴ centre (4, 0) ∴ centre (3, −1)
b (x − 4)2 + y2 = 9 b (x − 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 25
∴ radius = 3 ∴ radius = 5
2 − (−1) 3
c grad of radius = =
7−3 4

∴ grad of tangent = − 43
∴ y − 2 = − 43 (x − 7)
3y − 6 = −4x + 28
4x + 3y − 34 = 0

3 a (x + 3)2 − 9 + (y − 4)2 − 16 + 21 = 0 4 a centre (0, 0) ∴ grad of radius = 1

(x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2 = 4 ∴ grad of tangent = −1
∴ centre (−3, 4) radius 2 ∴ y − 5 = −(x − 5) [ y = 10 − x ]
b dist. of centre from O = 9 + 16 = 5 b grad of radius = −7
∴ max. dist. of P from O ∴ grad of tangent = 17
=5+2=7 ∴ y+7= 1
7
(x − 1)
7y + 49 = x − 1
x − 7y − 50 = 0
c sub. x − 7(10 − x) − 50 = 0
x = 15
∴ (15, −5)

5 a x2 + (y − a)2 − a2 = 0 6 a (x + 1)2 − 1 + (y − 7)2 − 49 + 30 = 0

x2 + (y − a)2 = a2 ∴ centre (−1, 7)
∴ centre (0, a) radius a b (x + 1)2 + (y − 7)2 = 20
b C2: (x − b)2 − b2 + y2 = 0 ∴ radius = 20 = 2 5
(x − b)2 + y2 = b2, centre (b, 0) radius b c sub. y = 2x − 1 into eqn. of circle
y x2 + (2x − 1)2 + 2x − 14(2x − 1) + 30 = 0
x2 − 6x + 9 = 0
C1 (x − 3)2 = 0
a C2 repeated root ∴ tangent
point of contact (3, 5)

O b x

7 a (x − 3)2 − 9 + (y − 6)2 − 36 + 28 = 0 8 a radius = 16 + 4 = 20

∴ centre (3, 6) ∴ (x − 8)2 + (y + 1)2 = 20
b sub. b sub. x = −2y − 4 into eqn. of circle:
x2 + (x − 2)2 − 6x − 12(x − 2) + 28 = 0 (−2y − 12)2 + (y + 1)2 = 20
x2 − 11x + 28 = 0 4y2 + 48y + 144 + y2 + 2y + 1 = 20
(x − 4)(x − 7) = 0 y2 + 10y + 25 = 0
x = 4, 7 (y + 5)2 = 0
∴ A (4, 2), B (7, 5) repeated root ∴ tangent
∴ AB = 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2

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 PMT

C2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY Answers - Worksheet C page 2

14 − 2
9 a grad PQ = = 23 10 a (x − 1)2 − 1 + (y − 7 2
) − 49
− 16 = 0
8 + 10 2 4

−10 − 2
grad PR = = − 32 ∴ centre (1, 7
)
−2 + 10 2

grad PR × grad PQ = − 32 × 2
3
= −1 b (x − 1)2 + (y − 7 2
2
) = 117
4
9 ×13
∴ PR is perpendicular to PQ ∴ radius = 117
4
= 4
= 3
2
13 [k = 3
2
]
8 − 72
b ∠QPR = 90° ∴ QR is a diameter of the circle c grad of radius = = 3
4 −1 2

∴ centre of circle is mid-point of QR ∴ grad of tangent = − 23

= ( 8−22 , 14 −210 ) = (3, 2) ∴ y − 8 = − 23 (x − 4)
radius = 25 + 144 = 13 3y − 24 = −2x + 8
∴ (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 169 2x + 3y − 32 = 0
x2 − 6x + 9 + y2 − 4y + 4 − 169 = 0
x2 + y2 − 6x − 4y − 156 = 0

11 a grad of x − 2y + 3 = 0 is 1
2
12 a (x − 4)2 − 16 + (y − 8)2 − 64 + 72 = 0
∴ grad of perp bisector = −2 (x − 4)2 + (y − 8)2 = 8
passes through centre of circle ∴ centre (4, 8) radius 2 2
∴ y − 7 = −2(x − 6) b = 16 + 64 = 80 = 4 5
y = −2x + 19 c tangent perp. to radius
mid-point of chord where intersect ∴ OA2 = ( 80 )2 − ( 2 2 )2 = 72
x − 2(−2x + 19) + 3 = 0 OA = 72 = 36 × 2 = 6 2
x = 7 ∴ (7, 5)
b 3 − 2y + 3 = 0
∴ y = 3 ∴ A (3, 3)
let B be (p, q)
∴ ( 3+2 p , 3+2 q ) = (7, 5)
p = 11, q = 7 ∴ B (11, 7)
c radius = 9 + 16 = 5
∴ (x − 6)2 + (y − 7)2 = 25

13 a C: (x − 2)2 − 4 + y2 − 6 = 0
∴ centre (2, 0)
l: when x = 2, y = 3(2) − 6 = 0
∴ l passes through centre of C
b eqn. of tangent: y = 3x + k
sub. into eqn. of circle:
x2 + (3x + k)2 − 4x − 6 = 0
10x2 + (6k − 4)x + k2 − 6 = 0
tangent ∴ repeated root ∴ b2 − 4ac = 0
(6k − 4)2 − 40(k2 − 6) = 0
k2 + 12k − 64 = 0
(k + 16)(k − 4) = 0
k = −16, 4
∴ y = 3x − 16 and y = 3x + 4

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