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Lesson-Exogenic Processes

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Acel Perez
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35 views

Lesson-Exogenic Processes

Uploaded by

Acel Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earth Materials

and Processes
EXOGENIC PROCESS

These are processes that take place at or near


the earths surface, that makes the surface wear
away.
EXOGENIC PROCESS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXOGENIC PROCESS


WEATHERING
EROSION
MASS MOVEMENT (Mass Wasting)

W E A T H E R I N G
🡪 mechanical and chemical hammer that breaks down and sculpts rock.

TYPES OF WEATHERING
PHYSICAL
Weathering
CHEMICAL
Weathering

mechanical weathering
the breakdown of rocks without a change in its composition.
Breakdown would mean that the rock is fractured, cracked or fragmented into
smaller pieces.
Physical Weathering

Physical Weathering

decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions occurring between the minerals


in rocks and the environment.
transforms rocks and minerals exposed to water and gases in the atmosphere into
new chemical compounds thus, forming different rocks and minerals.
Chemical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

a key factor in the creation of caves and caverns. It can also hollow out caves
and damage cliffs.
Chemical
weathering

THERMAL AND PRESSURE CHANGE


Rocks crumble and break into fragments because they are subjected to alternating
hot and cold temperatures many times.
When a rock gets hot, it expands an increase in volume), while at night, the rock
gets cold causing contraction (a decrease in volume).
Processes that can Cause Physical Weathering

Temperature weaken the rock and in the process, mineral grains are loosened from
the rocks and eventually the rocks break down into pieces. Best examples are the
stone in the arid desert that slowly turn to sand.
The rates of expansion and contraction of the outer and inner parts of the rock
differ. The outer part expands and contracts much more than the inner part because
it is directly exposed to the heat of the sun.

WIND AND WAVES


Wind and waves can all cause physical weathering. Tiny grains of sand are picked
up and carried off by the wind, which are then blasted on the surface of rocks,
smoothening them.
On the seashore, the action of waves chips away and cracks the rocks.
Processes that can Cause Physical Weathering

FREEZE AND THAW


You know that if you put a glass in the freezer it will soon break. This is
because water expands when it freezes. Similarly, when water collects in the rock
pores and slits, it expands when it freezes.
Processes that can Cause Physical Weathering

Frost Wedging
Salt Wedging

ORGANIC ACIVITY
Animals and plants also take a heavy toll on rocks and cause them to wear away.
For example, there are animals that dig holes on the ground and exposed rocks.
Processes that can Cause Physical Weathering

HYDRATION/ HYDROLYSIS
Process where molecules of some substance in rocks chemically combine with water
molecules
Processes that can Cause Chemical weathering

Processes that can Cause Chemical weathering


2. CARBONATION
Process where Carbon Dioxide may bond with other substances.
A mixture of water and carbon dioxide is called carbonic acid.
Two examples of carbonation weathering are The Limestone Pavement and The
Stalactites.

This land form is made entirely of limestone and formed by rainwater carbonation
and the freezing and thawing process.

This land form is also made of limestone. It was created by large amount of
calcium being dissolved in them.

OXIDATION
Iron, aluminum, copper, and sodium are examples of minerals that readily react
with oxygen which then form mineral oxides.
In nature, physical and chemical weathering typically occur together, affecting
the rocks. When the latter is destroyed, valuable products are created.
Processes that can Cause Chemical Weathering

Erosion
Involves the movement of the weathered rock (snow, soil, sand and pebbles) from
their site of weathering by the agents of erosion such as wind, moving water,
ice and gravity.
Erosion

Weathering dos not always occur before erosion. Erosion always follows after the
weathering.
Transport makes erosion complete. It complete the movement of the eroded
materials and sediments. Weathering can continue during transport.
Erosion

Rainwater is the most important force or agent of erosion. When there is heavy
rain, rock pieces are carried downstream to a suited depositional environment
with the action of gravity.
Gravity is the driving force and it gives water the energy to erode and carry away
rock materials.
Physical weathering dominates at higher elevation while Chemical weathering takes
on a more active role at lower elevation.
Transport by the
Transpwortabtyethre water

Water can carry almost any size of rocks. The greater the volume of water and the
steeper the slope, the bigger and more rocks can be transported.
Serious problems in the Philippines are soil erosion and mudslide
Rock materials are loosened by heavy rains and strong winds and they can come
speeding down slopes, sweeping everything in its path.
Transport by the water

Transport by the
wind
Wind continuously blows away loose particles of rocks and soil from place to
place.
This is common in dry areas such as deserts.
Wind transport can result in stunning landscapes as sand is blown away and creates
sand dunes.
Wind can create sandstorms that contain dust particles and deposit them in wide
areas.

Mass movement (mass wasting)

slope movement
bulk movements of soil, sand, and rock debris downslopes in response to the force
of gravity or the rapid or gradual sinking of the Earth’s ground surface in a
vertical direction.
The term “mass wasting” was limited only to the variety of processes by which
large masses of crustal materials are moved by the action of gravity form one
place to another.
Mass movement (mass wasting)

Recently, the term “mass wasting” has been substituted to include mass wasting
processes and the sinking of the Earth’s ground.
Mass wasting is a type of erosion that is capable of making big chances to a
mountain.
Mass movement (mass wasting)

Sinking mass movement that occurs in a relatively rapid fashion is known as


subsidence; and a gradual movement is called settlement.
Subsidence involves the roof collapse or breakdown of a subsurface cavity forming
a cave.
There is also subsidence in the form of sinkholes caused by underground drainage.
Mass movement (mass wasting)

A massive 300-ton boulder blocks a road in Southern California

Landslides Can cause much


destruction

Talus Cones
in the Canadian Rockies
Talus – pieces of rock at bottom of a rock fall

La Conchita Landslide, January 10, 2005

Monterey Park Debris Flow, 1980

PCH near Pacific Palisades, November 1956

REFERENCE:
Moncada, M. et. al (2016). Earth and Life Science for Senior High School.
Simple ABbieC

Disclaimer:
The pictures used in this slideshow presentation were obtained from various
internet
websites and will be only used for educational purposes only.

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