MODULE 6:

LESSON 1: PROVE THEOREMS

ON SECANTS, TANGENTS, AND
SEGMENTS.
LESSON 2: SOLVES PROBLEMS
ON CIRCLES.
Learning Competency: Proves theorems on secants, Subtasks: Solves the measure of the angles
tangents, and segments. and segments formed by secants, tangents,
Solve problems on circles. and segments.

GUIDE CARD

Good morning class! Today’s

discussion is about proving. Sir, aren’t we going to
prove the existence of my
robo-friend Ultralord?
Here we go again Sheen!
Playtime is done. We have to
study our lessons now.

Postulates and Theorems on Tangents

What is the difference

between a postulate and a Postulate is a statement that
theorem, Jimmy? may be assumed as true
without proofs. While,
theorem is a statement that
One famous theorem in Math is
has been proven to be true.
the Pythagorean Theorem.

Let’s have the

postulate on
For a given point on a circle, there is only a single line tangent lines.
which can be possibly drawn that is tangent to the
circle.

1
Remember: A
Tangent lines do not
pass through the interior P
X
of a given circle. O
I S
Figure 1 T
S
U
L
A
In Figure 1 above is ⊙S. T
E
If S is a given point on the circle, there is only a single line which can
be drawn through S that is tangent to the circle.
 Let’s define theorems on
tangent lines.

1
If a line is tangent to
T a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the
H Figure 2 radius drawn to the
T
E point of tangency.

O
R O U R
E In Figure 2 above is ⊙T.
M
OR is a tangent line and R is the point of tangency. If OR is tangent to
⊙T at R, then it is perpendicular to radius TU.

2
If a line is perpendicular
to a radius of a circle at
its endpoints that is on T
the circle, then the line is
B H
tangent to the circle. Figure 3
E
O

E N D R
In Figure 3 above is ⊙B. E
M
ED is a tangent line and BN is the radius of the circle. If ED is
perpendicular to radius BN at N, then it is tangent to ⊙B.

3
S If two tangent segments
T drawn from the point
outside of the circle,
H W then the segments are
Figure 4
E congruent.

O
R O
L
E In Figure 4 above is ⊙W.
M
OL and SL are tangent segments and W is the center of the circle. If OL
and SL are tangent to ⊙W, then OL ≅ SL.
 How do angles form, Cindy?
Hmm. An angle is formed
by connecting two non-
Retention skills, A+! Very good collinear rays.
Cindy! For the next lesson, we
will talk about angles formed
by tangents and secants.

The measure of the angle formed by two secants

that intersect outside the circle is half the absolute
value difference of the two intercepted arcs.

1
A
In Figure 5 at the right, AN and EL are two
T
secants that intersect outside the circle at
H point G. AE and NL are the two intercepted
E arcs of ∠AGE.
S
O m∠AGE = ½ (mAE – mNL) N
Example: E
R If mAE = 106° and mNL = 22°, then m∠AGE = ?
E L
m∠AGE = ½ (106° - 22°)
M m∠AGE = ½ (84°) G Figure 5
m∠AGE = 84°

Take note:
The measure of angles formed by tangents
and secants are always POSITIVE.

The measure of the angle formed by a secant and a

tangent that intersects outside the circle is half the
absolute value difference of the two intercepted
arcs.

In Figure 6 at the right, RO is a secant and EM is H

R
a tangent that intersects outside the circle at T
point M. RHE and OE are the two intercepted H
arcs of ∠RME.
C E
m∠RME = ½ (mRHE – mOE) O
Example: O
If mRHE = 180° and mOE = 88°, then m∠RME = ? R
E E
m∠RME = ½ (180° - 88°)
M
m∠RME = ½ (92°) M
m∠RME = 46° Figure 6
 One whole circle is equivalent
to how many degrees, Carl? Of course, 360 degrees! It
reminds me of the pizza
Correct! I asked that because that was shared
the next theorem is about two yesterday.
tangent lines intersect in the
exterior of a circle.

The measure of the angle formed by two tangents

that intersect outside the circle is half the absolute
value difference of the two intercepted arcs.

3
The sum of
T In Figure 7 at the right, OW and RW are two the two
tangents that intersect outside the circle at intercepted
H point S. ODR and OR are the two intercepted arcs is 360°.

E Thearcs of ∠OWR.
measure of the angle formed by two tangents that intersects outside the
circle is half=the
m∠OWR absolute
½ (mODR value difference of the two intercepted arcs.
– mOR)
O
Example:
R S
If mODR = 257° and mOR = 103°, then m∠OWR = ?
E
The measurem∠OWR = ½angle
of the (257° -103°)
formed by two tangents that intersects outside the
M m∠OWR
circle is half = ½ (154°)
the absolute value difference of the two intercepted arcs.
m∠OWR = 77° Figure 7

Take note:
These secants form two angles that are
supplementary.

The measure of the angle formed by two secants

that intersect inside the circle is half the sum of the
measures of the two intercepted arcs and its vertical
angle.

4
In Figure 8 at the right, AN and MT are two secants M
that intersect inside the circle. MN and AT are the
T
two intercepted arcs of ∠1 while AM and TN for ∠2.
m∠1 = ½ (mMN + mAT) m∠2 = ½ (mAM + mTN) H
E E
For example:
If mMN = 130° and mAT = 46°, then m∠1 = ? A 1 2 N O
If mAM = 119° and mTN = 65°, then m∠2 = ?
R
T
m∠1 = ½ (mMN + mAT) m∠2 = ½ (mAM + mTN) E
m∠1 = ½ (130° + 46°) m∠2 = ½ (119° + 65°) Figure 8
M
m∠1 = ½ (176°) m∠2 = ½ (184°)
m∠1 = 88° m∠2 = 92°
Thus, ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary because their sum is 180°.
 The angles formed
are supplementary.

The measure of the angle formed by a secant and a

tangent that intersects at the point of tangency is
half the measure of its intercepted arcs.

5
In Figure 9 at the right, SM is a secant and PM is S
a tangent that intersects at point S, the point of
T tangency. SM is the intercepted arc of ∠SME
while SLM is the intercepted arc of ∠SMP.
H
A
E m∠SME = ½ mSM m∠SMP = ½ mSLM
O Example: L
If mSM = 144°, then m∠SME = _____ E
R If mSLM = 216°, then m∠SMP = _____ M
E
m∠SME = ½ (mSM) m∠SMP = ½ (mSLM) P
M Figure 9
m∠SME = ½ (144°) m∠SMP = ½ (216°)
m∠SME = 72° m∠SMP = 108°
Thus, ∠SME and ∠SMP are supplementary because their sum is 180°.

Woooh! Too many theorems to

study. Still there?
I’m still here, Sir. Alive and
kicking!
Thanks for the response my
dear, Carl! The next topic will
be the last lesson for this day.

In a circle, when two chords intersect, the product of

the measures of one chord is equal to the product of
the measures of the other chord.

1
Check
your In Figure 10 at the right is ⊙I. S
answers! SN and TG are chords of ⊙I. SN intersects TG T
Don’t at point R. Therefore, SR ▪ RN = TR ▪ RG. S H
forget.
T
E
For example: I
Find SR if RN = 6, TR = 5, and RG = 12. R O
SR ▪ RN = TR ▪ RG Substitute the given.
R G R
SR ▪ 6 = 5 ▪ 12 Multiply.
6SR = 60 Divide both sides by 6. N E
SR = 10 units. Figure 10
M
Then, 10 ▪ 6 = 5 ▪ 12 → 60 = 60 √ (SN and TG
are equal.)
 What is an external secant
segment, Jimmy? A portion of a secant
segment that is outside the
circle.
Perfect! Okay, let’s continue
the discussion. Two theorems to
go. Stay put and listen.

When two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an external

point, the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its
external secant segment is equal to the product of the other.

2
M
In Figure 12 at the right,
A
FA and LI
T FM and LM are secant segments drawn to a are
H circle from an external point M. chords of
F I
Therefore, FM ▪ AM = LI ▪ IM. the circle.
E Y
O For example:
R Find FM if AM = 7, LI = 14, and IM = 8.
FM ▪ AM = LI ▪ IM Substitute the given. L
E
FM ▪ 7 = 14 ▪ 8 Multiply.
Figure 12
M 7FM = 112 Divide both sides by 7.
FM = 16 units.
Then, 16 ▪ 7 = 14 ▪ 8 → 112 = 112 √ (FM and LM are equal.)

When a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a

circle from an external point, the square of the length of the tangent
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment
and its external secant segment.
3
E
Perfect In Figure 13 at the right,
squares R
are
helpful. KE is a tangent segment drawn to the circle T
from an external point E. BE is a secant
B H
segment also drawn to the circle on the
same external point E. A E
Therefore, (KE)2 = BE ▪ RE. K
O
For example:
R
Find KE if BE = 9 and RE = 4.
(KE)2 = BE ▪ RE Substitute the given. Figure 13 E
(KE)2 = (9)(4) Multiply. M
(KE)2 = 36 Extract the square root.
KE = √36 or 6 units
Then, (6)2 = (9)(4) → 36 = 36 √
 ACTIVITY CARD

Were you able to follow with

the lesson well ? Ultra Sheen became more
knowledgeable because
of you Sir! Thanks a lot.
Good to hear that. But of
course, you have to do the
activity to test your knowledge.

1 aMAZEing ULTRALORD!

For this activity, help Sheen to get across the maze to meet his favorite Robo-friend
Ultralord. You will encounter Sheen’s classmates along the way. You have to correctly
identify what is being asked by his classmates.

Sheen,
Will help me your
to get in Ultralord is
touch with waiting for
my Ultralord? you.
Great!

Start Finish

E N I D S

Q L
U R K N
E I R U
S Name a tangent line Name two secant lines. Name two tangent
and the point of segments.
T tangency. Y O
I
O T
S
N F
E T N
S P
Name two Name two external
intersecting chords. secant segments.
2 I STAND CORRECTED

John and Reimar were asked to solve for the length of SP in the figure below. Who among
these two students would possibly arrive at the right answer? Explain you answer.

M 15 8
R

27
S
x
P

John’s Solution:
27(x + 27) = 15(15 + 8)

Reimar’s Solution:
x (27 – x) = 8(15 – 8)

3 FRIENDSHIP NEVER ENDS

Six friends are standing in front a circular table. Three different ropes were tied to them to
form a triangle whose sides are tangent to the table.

Recall theorem
on tangent
segments.
The perimeter of ∆FNI
is 400 dm, ND = 55 dm,
and FR = 80 dm.
Find:
1. FD
2. IE
3. NE
4. IR
 ASSESSMENT CARD

Proving theorems is done! Let’s

see if you can solve the A theorem a day, keeps
following. the doctor away. Let’s get
started!
That’s right. It’s like an apple a
day, keeps the doctor away.

1 AROUND THE CIRCLE

Refer to the figures below. Then, solve what is being asked.

E N I

A. If m∠LNE = 51°, then mLN = ____.

B. If m∠LNI = 129°, then mLDN = ____.
L D

C. If mWS = 155°, and mAE = 29° = ____.

A D. If WK = 45 cm and ES = 9 cm, then KE = ____.

K E
S
Y

T E. If mTY = 39° and mPE = 51°, then m∠PRE= ____.

F. If TR = 15 m, RE = 24 m, and PR = 18 m, then YR = ____.
E
P Show
N them
what
G. If mIPN = 198° and mIS = 82°, then m∠ITN = ____. you’ve
O S got!
H. If NT = 20 dm and NS = 5 dm, then IT = ____.
P
T

I. If mRD = 111° and mIN = 77°, then m∠DKR = ____.

J. If mDN = 142° and mRI = 56°, then m∠RKI = ____.
R K N
I
 ENRICHMENT CARD

1 MESSAGE IN A BOX

There are 12 problems to be solved about angles formed by tangents and secants. Each
box corresponds to a word placed inside. Then, use the words to decode the message.
The unknown measures are labeled question marks (?). Place the words opposite the
answer.

TO
? 102°
26°

? ?

60°
HAVE 134° NEVER

WORK FOR
204°
?
49° 161°

156°
?
117° ABOUT 199°

IN 112°
? 131°
164° ?

48°
43°
?
SUCCEEDING YOU

146° IT
67°
?
?
186° 49°

? 54°

DREAM IT

99° 66° 34° 82° 87° 58° 32° 54° 91° 24° 19° 73°

Once done, read the message and keep it in mind. – Teacher ☺☺☺
 REFERENCE CARD

BOOK:
Mathematics 10 Learner’s Module
WEBSITE:
www.google.com for photos
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Circles/CRSegmentRul
es.html

ANSWER CARD

1
A
C
T
I
V
I
T Tangent Line – EI Point of Tangency – N
Y 2 Secant Lines – DI & NR 2 Secant Segments – RU & SU
2 Intersecting Chords – TE & YP 2 Ext. Secant Segments – TN & SN

2 3
I Stand Corrected
A John’s solution is correct by
A Friendship Never Ends
C applying theorem on secant C
1. 80 dm.
T segments: T
“When two secant segments 2. 65 dm.
I I
are drawn to a circle from an 3. 55 dm.
V V
external point, the product of
I the lengths of one secant I 4. 65 dm.
T segment and its external T
Y secant segment is equal to Y
the product of the other.”
 A. 102°
A E
B. 258°
S N The message of your
C. 63°
S R teacher goes like this:
D. 5 cm.
E I
E. 45° “Never dream
S C
F. 20 m. about succeeding
S H
M
G. 58° in life, you have to
H. 10 dm. M
E E work for it.”
I. 94°
N J. 99° N
T T