BS 7191 Weldabel Structural Steel For Offshore

___
BSI B S * 7 1 9 1 8 9 W 1h2Llhb9 0 0 2 0 9 0 8 O
BS 7191 : 1989
UDC 624.034.4 : 624.014.2 : 669.14.018.291 :
669.14.018.62 : 621.791 .O1 1
0 British Standards Institution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproducedwithout the prior permission in writing of BSI
British Standard Specification for

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Weldable structural steels for

fixed offshore structures
Aciers de construction soudables pour structures fixes en mer - Spécification
Schweißbare Baustähle für stationare Bauten im küstennahen Bereich
British Standards Institution

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BS7191 : 1989
Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction

of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee and
specifies weldable structural steels for use in construction
and in maintenance work for offshore structures.
The standard is adapted from BS 4360. It has been drafted
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in the form of a procurement specification and is intended

to be used by the purchaser and others acting on his behalf
to procure materials for offshore structures designed to
operate in the European Sector. It specifies a more limited
range of steel forms and grades than BS 4360 and provides
for enhanced properties in some grades to reflect the needs
of the European offshore industry. It also incorporates a
number of options which the purchaser may invoke to
meet demanding requirements in particular applications.
The format and editorial style of BS 4360 has been utilized
to the maximum extent possible.
The new grade designations, which are given in appendix H
of BS 4360 : 1986, and which will be adopted in the next
full revision of that standard have been used but with an
amended form of sub-grade suffix.
Assessed capability. Users of this British Standard are
advised to consider the desirability of assessment and
registration of a supplier's quality systems against the
appropriate Part of BS 5750 by a third party certification
body.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
confer immunity from legal obligations.
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BS7191 : 1989
Contents
Page Page
Foreword Inside front cover Section six. Specific requirements for the
Committees responsible Back cover chemical composition and mechanical properties
of weldable structural steel seamless tubulars
Specification 31 General 23
Section one. General
1 Scope 3 Appendices
2 Definitions 3 A Comparison between grades in this standard
3 General 3 and BS 4360 25
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 3 B Options 26
5 Steelmaking and manufacturing process 4 C Positions of test samples for tensile test 32
6 Supply condition 4 D Position of t e s t piece to be taken from tensile
7 Chemical composition and mechanical test sample when two rolled surfaces cannot
properties 4 be retained 33
8 Weldability data for modified grades 5 E Positions of test samples for impact tests f
34
9 Quality of finished steel 5 F Weldability testing for modified grades and
10 Identification of cast 6 mechanical testing of butt welds 35
11 Marking 7 G Bead-on-plate weldability t e s t for modified
12 Test certificates 9 grades 46
13 Delivery 9
14 Mass of steel 9 Tables
1 Maximum product CEV for plates, sections and
Section two. Specific requirements for dimensional seamless tubulars 5
and shape tolerances
2Length tolerances for plates 10
15 Tolerances for plates 10 3Width tolerances for plates 10
16 Tolerances for sections and seamless tubulars 12 4Thickness tolerances for plates 10
5Normal flatness tolerances for plates 11
Section three. Specific requirements for testing 6Maximum number of ripples/corrugations in
17 Selection and identification of t e s t samples plate with thickness 12 mm > 12
for tensile and impact tests 13 7 Maximum number of ripples/corrugations in
18 Number of tensile tests 13 plate with thickness 10 mm 12 mm > < 12
19 Direction and position of tensile t e s t samples 13 8 Chemical composition for plates 17
20 Tensile t e s t pieces 13 9 Mechanical properties for plates 19
21 Tensile t e s t 13 10 Chemical composition for sections 21
22 Number of impact tests 14 1 1 Mechanical properties for sections 21
23 Position of impact test samples 14 12 Chemical composition for seamless tubulars 23
24 Impact test pieces 14 13 Mechanical properties for seamless tubulars 23
25 Impact tests 14 14 Plates: comparison between grades in this
26 Through-thickness testing for 2 grades 15 standard and BS 4360 25
27 Retests 16 15 Sections: comparison between grades in this
28 Wide plate and crack opening displacement standard and BS 4360 25
(COD) data for modified grade parent plate 16 16 Seamless tubulars: comparison between
grades in this standard and BS 4360 26
Section four. Specific requirements for the I7 Restricted length and width tolerances
chemical composition and mechanical properties for plates 28
of weldable structural steel plates 18 Thickness tolerances for plates : all over
29 General 17 ordered thickness 28
19 Thickness tolerances for plates : all under
Section five. Specific requirements for the ordered thickness 29
chemical composition and mechanical properties 20 Special flatness tolerances for plates 29
of weldable structural steel sections 21 Weldability t e s t requirements for butt welds 36
22 Mechanical test requirements for each butt
30 General 21 weld 37
23 Bead-on-platearc energy and preheat
conditions 46
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1
BS7191 : 1989
Page Page
Figures 10 Positions of test samples for impact tests 34
1 Plates: marking, die stamping and colour 11 Location of Charpy V-notch impact test
coding 8 pieces for plate butt weld 40
2 Rolled sections: marking, die stamping and 12 Vickers hardness testing for plate butt weld 41
colour coding 8 13 The HAZ regions in a single-bevel multi-pass
3 Seamless tubulars: marking, die stamping and weid 42
colour coding a 14 The HAZ regions in a single-bevel mutli-pass
4 Edge camber of plates 11 weid with specific zones highlighted 43
5 Location of impact test pieces 15 15 COD specimen sectioning details 44
6 Through-thickness tensile test piece locations 31 16 Plan view of polished section halves showing
7 Through-thickness tensile test piece locations method to calculate GCHAZ percentage 45
within plate with thickness 40 mm > 31 17 Detail of t e s t plate and location of hardness
indentation for bead-on-plate hardenability
8 Positions of test samples for tensile test 32
9 Position of test piece to be taken from tensile test 47
test sample when two rolled surfaces cannot be
retained 33
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BS 7191 : 1989
Specification. .Section one
Section one. General
i Scope 3 General
This British Standard specifies requirements for weidable 3.1 Grade designations
structural steels to be used in the fabrication of fixed The new grade designations given in appendix H of
offshore structures in the form of plates, up to and includ- BS 4360 : 1986 have been used but with amended sub-
ing 150 mm thick, sections complying with BS 4848 : grade suffixes as follows.
Parts 2,4 and 5 and BS 4 : Part 1, and seamless tubulars
up to and including 40 mm thick. Grade 275 Previous grade 43
Grade 355 Previous grade 50
In the case of welded tubulars this standard covers only the Grade 450 Previous grade 55
requirements for parent material. Suffix D Charpy V-notch test a t -20 OC
Minimum yield strengths up to 450 N h m 2 are specified (as BS 4360)
together with low-temperature impact properties a t Suffix E Charpy V-notch test a t -40 OC
temperatures down to -40 OC. (as BS 4360)
The standard is applicable to offshore structures designed Supplementary Substantial modification to
to operate in the European offshore sector but not to suffix M the nominally equivalent
steel supplied for the fabrication of subsea pipelines, risers, BS 4360 grade
process equipment, process piping, and other utilities. It is Supplementary With specified through-
primarily applicable to the North Sea Sector, but may also suffix z thickness properties
be applicable in other areas provided that due consideration This standard includes the following grades.
is given to local conditions, e.g. temperature. 275D, 275E, 355D,
Grades with few changes
This standard applies to material supplied ex-mill (see 12.1) from BS 4360 355E (minor changes .
or from merchant’s stock (see 12.2). to CEV and impact
NOTE. The titles of the publications referred t o in this standard are requirements only)
listed on the inside back cover.
Grade as above but with 275EZ
through-thickness properties
Grades substantially modified 355EM, 355EM2,
2 Definitions from BS 4360 450EM, 450EMZ
For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions Appendix A gives a comparison between grades in this
given in BS 6562 : Part 2 apply, together with the following. standard and those in appendix H of BS 4360 : 1986.
NOTE. Clauses in this standard are applicable to all grades except
2.1 parent product. The product rolled from one piece of where specifically marked to indicate that they are applicable only
steel. to the substantially modified M or MZ grades.
2.2 manufacturer. The manufacturer of the steel products. 3.2 Steel products
2.3 supplier. The manufacturer of material supplied The steel products shall comply with the general require-
ex-mill, either/or the merchant for material supplied from ments of this standard and with the specific requirements
a merchant’s stock (see clause 1). applicable to the grade concerned. Where any of the
options given in appendix B are called up a t the time of
2.4 purchaser. The purchaser or his representative. the enquiry and order, the steel products shall, in addition,
2.5 controlled rolling. A generic term for rolling procedures comply with the requirements of these options.
in which the temperatures and deformation during rolling
are controlled to achieve desirable material properties.
2.6 thermo-mechanical controlled rolling (TMCR). A roll-
4 Information to be supplied by the
ing procedure in which significant deformation takes place purchaser
a t temperatures below the normalizing range permitting
little, if any, recrystallization of austenite and conferring 4.1 General
beneficial properties on the material. The properties The following information shall be supplied by the
conferred by TMCR cannot be reproduced by subsequent purchaser a t the time of enquiry and order.
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normalizing or other heat treatments. (a) Details of the product form, dimensions and
2.7 concast. Material produced by a continuoui casting quantity.
process route. (b) The grade of steel (see tables 8 to 13).
(cl Whether use is for primary or secondary application.
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BSI BS*7393 89 m L b 2 4 b b 9 0 0 2 0 9 3 3 4 m
BS7191 : 1989
Section one
4.2 Options 6 Supply condition (see also option B.6)

A number of options are specified in appendix B. In the
event that the purchaser does not indicate his wish t o 6.1 Plates of grades 275 and 355 shall be supplied in the
implement any of these options and specify his require- normalized condition.
ments a t the time of the enquiry and order, the supplier
6.2 Plates of grade 450 shall be roller quenched and
shall supply in accordance with the basic specification.
tempered.
See also option 8.1.
6.3 Sections of grades 275 and 355 over 25 mm thick
5 Steelmaking and manufacturing process shall be normalized.
6.4 Seamless tubulars over 12.7 mm wall thickness shall be
5.1 Process supplied in the normalized condition except for grade 450
which shall be supplied quenched and tempered.
5.1.1 Grades 275D,275E, 3550 and 355E. The steel shall
be made by any process except the Bessemer process.
5.1.2 Modifiedgrades 355EM and 450EM. The steel shall 7 Chemical composition and mechanical
be made by the basic oxygen or basic electric arc furnace
process. All steel shall be fully killed and made to fine grain
properties (see also option 8.8)
practice.
7.1 Ladle analysis
5.1.3 Zgrades 275EZ, 355EMZand 450EMZ. The steel
7.1.1 General. The chemical composition of the steel shall
shall be made by a low sulphur and phosphorus refining
be determined by ladle analysis and shall be as given in
process in a basic oxygen or basic electric arc furnace. All
steels shall be fully killed and made to a fine grain practice. tables 8, 10 and 12.
The steel for these grades shall be vacuum degassed or ladle The manufacturer shall supply details of the ladle analysis
refined. to the purchaser and this shall be an average based on a t
least three samples per cast.
5.2 Rimming steel 7.1.2 Residual element control for modified grades
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Rimming steel shall not be supplied. 355EM, 355EMZ, 450EM, 45OEMZ. Boron (B) shall not
be intentionally added to the steel nor shall vanadium (VI
5.3 Limits and segregation control for concast modified for plate of grades other than 450EM and 450EMZ.
grades Elements other than those listed in tables 8, 10 and 12
shall not be intentionally added. Calcium treatment shall
5.3.1 Provided that the resultant products comply with all
not be used without the permission of the purchaser,
the relevant requirements of this standard, the maximum
except where required for the purposes of desulphurization
thickness limit for the use of the continuous casting process
(see calcium limits given in tables 8, 10 and 12).
shall be a t the manufacturer's discretion.
See also option 8.2. 7.2 Product analysis
5.3.2 The minimum rolling reduction ratio of concast The product analysis shall comply with the limits given in
material for plate shall be 4:l. tables 8,lO and 12 and, in the case of modified grades,
shall also be within the ranges proposed by the manufac-
turer (see 7.3).
5.3.3 Slab produced by the continuous casting route shall See also option 8.8.
be examined for centreline segregation. The frequency of
Product analysis shall be determined twice per cast or
testing shall be once per strand per four casts.
once per 40 t, or part thereof, whichever is more stringent.
NOTE. No acceptance levels are specified and the manufacturer
should agree with the purchaser, a t the time of the enquiry and
The product analysis shall be determined on the test sample
order, the position of testing and the acceptance values for sulphur used for the verification of the mechanical properties
printing, macro-etching or alternative methods of checking (see section three).
Segregation.
In the event of dispute, compliance with this standard shall
be decided on the basis of an independent analysis using the
5.4 Plate forming procedures for modified grades
methods described in BS 6200 : Part 3 or BSI Handbook
Plate forming procedures shall not be supplied. No. 19, whichever is applicable.
See also options 8.4 and 8.5.
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BS7191 : 1989
Section one
7.3 Carbon equivalent value (CEV) 9 Quality of finished steel

The steel shall have a maximum CEV, as given in table 1,
based on product analysis and calculated using the follow- 9.1 Plates
ing equation:
9.1.1 Surface condition. All surfaces shall be 1O0 %
Cr+Mo+V
CEV=CtMn
6
+ 5
+- N i15
tCu visually inspected. The surface condition shall comply with
BS 6512 except as otherwise specified in this clause. Plates
shall be presented for inspection such that the steel surface
7.4 Mechanical properties can be readily examined.
Mechanical properties shall be as given in table 9 for plates, Weld repair by the manufacturer or supplier shall not be
table 11 for sections and table 13 for seamless tubulars. carried out.
NOTE. Individual manufacturersare able t o supply steels with The manufacturer may correct minor surface defects by
specified minimum yield strengths slightly above those specified grinding, but the area limitations given in 5.2.2.3 of
in tables 9 , l l and 13. Advantage may be taken of such higher BS 6512 : 1984 shall apply.
values i f the manufacturer can supply sufficient property data.
If this approach is adopted, all property values may be agreed Where defects are classified as type E in accordance with
separately with the purchaser. BS 6512, repair shall be followed by magnetic particle
inspection or dye penetrant inspection.
9.1.2 Internai soundness for grades other than modified
8 Weldability data for modified grades grades. For grades other than modified grades, plates shall
be deemed t o comply with the internai soundness of
NOTE 1. Weldabilitv data are onlv reauired for plates exceeding grade LC1 of BS 5996.
40 mm in thickness and for rolled.secdons and seamiess tubular; ovti
a
.
25 mm in thickness. NOTE. Unless specified by the purchaser a t the time of ordering,

there is no obligation on the supplier to carry out ultrasonic testing.
At the time of the enquib'/order the manufacturer shall Option 6.10 should be called up when ultrasonic testing i s required
have available data on the weldability of his material. to be undertaken by the supplier.
Any previously obtained data which the manufacturer
9.1.3 Internal soundness for modified grades. The internal
proposes to submit shall have been verified by a competent
soundness of all plates shall be verified by ultrasonic
third party, acceptable to the purchaser and who witnessed
testing in accordance with BS 5996 and shall comply with
the tests. All previously obtained data presented shall bear
grade L4 of BS 5996 for MZ grades and grade LC3 of
the manufacturer's stamp or seal.
BS 5996 for M grades. Ultrasonic testing shall be carried
NOTE 2. These data refer only to the weldability of the material
being supplied and are intended for use in development and
out in the final heat-treatmentcondition and with a
Preparation
. . of fabrication Drocedures. If these data are unaccept- probe frequency Of 4 MHZ.
able to the purchaser he should consider option B.9.
Table 1. Maximum product CEV for plates, sections and

seamless tubulars
I Grade I MaxirnumCEV I Thickness

% mm
275D 0.41 Up to and including 20
275E 275EZ 0.39 Up to and including 40
355D 0.43 Up to and including 20
355E 0.43 Up to and including 40
' 355EM 355EMZ 0.43 Up to and including 40
, 0.44 Over 40 up to and including 75
0.45 Over 75 up to and including 150
~ 450EM 450EMZ ~ 0.43 Up to and including 75
c
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5
E S 1 BS*739L A9 m l b 2 q b b î 0020935 A m
BS7191 : 1989
Section one
9.2 Sections 9.3.4 Seamless tubulars shall contain no dents greater than
9.2.1 Defects. All surfaces shall be 100 % visually inspected
3 mm or 1 % of the outside diameter, whichever is the
lesser, when measured as the gap between the lowest point
for defects. The material shall be sound and free from
of the dent and a prolongation of the original contour of
such internal and external defects or surface flaws as might
preclude i t s use for the purpose for which it is intended. the seamless tubular. The length of the dent in any direction
shall not exceed 25 % of the seamless tubular outside dia-
9.2.2 Correction of minor defects. The manufacturer may meter.
remove minor surface defects by grinding but, in all cases, All cold formed dents with a sharp bottom gouge shall be
the thickness shall not be reduced locally by more than considered a defect and the gouge shall be removed by
3 mm and the final thickness shall not be more than 4 % grinding.
below the minimum otherwise allowed by BS 4 : Part 1 and
BS 4848 : Parts 4 and 5. 9.3.5 All seamless tubulars shall be ultrasonically examined
over the full length for laminar defects. The size of
The total rectified area shall not exceed 50 O00 mm2 in any
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laminations shall be determined by manual ultrasonic
one square metre (5 %) without specific approval of the examination and any seamless tubular containing a lamina-
purchaser. tion exceeding 1000 mm2 in area shall be deemed not
9.2.3 Repair by welding, Weld repair shall only be carried to comply with this British Standard.
out with specific approval of the purchaser. 9.3.6 Ultrasonic testing of seamless tubulars shall be
Where weld repairs are carried out, the defects shall be carried out for longitudinal defects and shall meet the
removed by grinding or chipping followed by magnetic supplementary requirements of API 5L except that the depth
particle inspection and then by welding subject to the of the reference notch shall be 5 % of the thickness.
following conditions.
(a) After complete removal of the defect and before 9.4 Ultrasonic, magnetic particle and dye penetrant
welding, the thickness shall not have been reduced to inspection procedures
less than 80 % of i t s nominal dimensions. For implementation of non-destructive testing procedures
(b) The welding shall be carried out in accordance with and evaluation, all personnel shall be qualified to CSWIP
BS 5135 by operators approved to BS 4871 : Part 1. level 3.1 .P to 3.4.P (CSWIP-UST-5),or equivalent as
The weld shall be ground smooth and flush with the appropriate. Magnetic particle inspection personnel shall
adjacent surface of the product and subjected to non- be qualified to CSWIP-MAGPEN4 or equivalent.
destructive testing as specified by the purchaser. Where applicable ultrasonic testing shall be carried out in
The manufacturer shall follow documented welding accordance with BS 5996, magnetic particle inspection
procedures established in accordance with BS 4870 : (MPI) shall be carried out in accordance with BS 6072.
Part 1 and approved by the purchaser which are The manufacturer shall submit written ultrasonic and
appropriate for the material being welded. magnetic particle inspection (MPI) and dye penetrant
inspection procedures for approval prior to production of
9.2.4 Internal soundness for modified grades. Rolled the order. These procedures shall include details of the
sections with a web thickness greater than 12 mm shall be following:
subject to ultrasonic examination of webs and flanges
when specified by the purchaser and shall meet the require- (a) equipment to be used;
ments of grade L3 of BS 5986. (b) calibration standards;
NOTE. Testing of the region between the web and the flange should (c) frequency of calibration;
be subject to agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.
(d) maintenance programmes;
9.3 Seamless tubulars (e) operator qualifications;
(f) reporting procedures;
9.3.1 Seamless tubulars shall be clean and free from such
defects as can be established by visual inspection. (9) frequency and size of probes (ultrasonic testing);
Visual inspection shall include the inside surface where (h) measurement of field strength (MPI);
practicable, (i) maximum ultrasonic scanning speed.
9.3.2 Surface marks and imperfections such as scabs, See also option B.l I .
seams, tears, laps, slivers or gouges may be dressed by
grinding and machining provided that the thickness of the
seamless tube, after dressing, does not fall below the nom- 1O Identification of cast
inal thickness by more than the tolerance specified in 16.2.
Magnetic particle inspection shall be used to confirm The manufacturer shall identify the ingots, billets, slabs,
removal of the defect. plates, steel sections and seamless tubulars, etc., in such
a way as to enable the finished steel to be traced to the
9.3.3 All dressed areas shall blend smoothly into the
cast from which it was made.
contour of the seamless tube.
B S I B S * 7 3 9 1 8 9 W 1 6 2 4 b b î 0020936 T W
BS7191 : 1989
Section one
11 Marking 11.2 Colour coding

Each plate shall be painted with either one or two 50 mm
11.1 Die stamping and paint marking wide diagonal bands, depending on the grade, extending over
the edges in accordance with figure 1.
11.1.1 General. Die stamp digits shall be produced by
round-nosed dies, shall be a t least 8 mm high and shall Each section shall be painted with either one or two 50 mm
be ringed with white paint for ease of identification. wide bands, depending on the grade, along the longitudinal
They shall be stamped on plates so that the letters are axis of the section and extending over the edges in accor-
aligned a t 90 o to the principal direction of rolling. Paint dance with figure 2.
marking shall be in white with digits a t least 40 mm high. NOTE. In the case of bundled sections it is sufficient to add splashes
of paint to the ends of the bundles only.
All markings shall be located in accordance with figures 1
See also option B.12.
to 3.
Each seamless tubular shall be painted with either one or
The following information shall be die stamped:
two 50 mm wide bands, depending on the grade,
(a) cast number; longitudinally along the external surface and extending over.
(b) if practicable, the supplier's plate/section/seamless the edges as shown in figure 3.
tubular number; See also option B.12.
NOTE. This may not be possible at some section mills. This will Where two bands of the same colour are required they shall
be highlighted by the supplier at the time of the enquiry and
order. be separated by a minimum distance of 25 mm. The number
and'colour of bands shall be as follows:
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(c) type of steel and grade;
grade 450EMZ green green
(d) manufacturer's brand mark; green -
grade 450EM
(e) certifying authority stamp (where appropriate). grade 355EMZ blue blue
The following information shall be paint marked: grade 355EM blue -
(f) purchase order number; grade 355E blue white
grade 355D blue yellow
(9) item size (thickness, width, length, section identifi-
grade 275EZ red red
cation, diameter and wall thickness, etc.); grade 275E red -
(h) material grade; grade 275D unpainted -
(i)principal rolling direction for plates (arrow); All paint for colour coding and stencil marking shall be
(j) purchaser's unique identification number (where applied to a clean, dry, oil-free surface and shall be able
applicable). to resist weathering for a t least 6 months and shall be
commercially free from cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and
11.1.2 Bundling. For sections, bundling may be carried tin.
out for sizes 203 mm and below, but shall be restricted to
material from one cast. Where sections are to be used for The colour used for colour coding and marking shall be in
primary applications each individual section within a accordance with the appropriate references of BS 5252,
bundle shall be identified. When a bundle i s split for as summarized below:
re-distribution the relevant identification marks, blue 20E51
in accordance with items (a) to (e), shall be transferred green 12 D45
to the reconstructed bundles or to the individual items white 00E55
as appropriate. red . 04E53
yellow 10E53
11.3 Protective coatings

All materials shall be supplied without the addition of
protective surface coatings.
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BS7191 : 1989
Section one
Marking ( white paint 1 -

-., /-------
Colour
paint),
Figure 1. Plates: marking, die stamping and colour coding (see clause 11)
Marking I white paint 1 1

/
-
.ColOur o f band (5) according
/---- t o steel type
ír
50 mm
I
Figure 2. Rolled sections: marking, die stamping and colour coding (see clause 11)
50mm
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Colour o f band (SI according

t o steel type
Figure 3. Seamless tubulars: marking, die stamping and colour coding (see clause 11)
I-
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BSI B S X 7 1 9 1 162i.lbbï 0020918 3 i
BS 7191 : 1989
Section one
12 Test certificates In addition to items (a) to (f), the analysis of residual

elements and the results of any additional testing deemed
12.1 Ex-mill supply necessary by the purchaser shall be submitted in the form
of separate reports.
One original of all relevant certificates and reports, clearly
legible and in the English language shall be submitted to
12.2 Merchant supply
the purchaser a t the time of despatch.
If any steel is supplied from a merchant's stock,
the merchant shall be responsible for the following.
SI units shall be used on all documentation.
(a) Supplying to the purchaser a copy of the original
The mill certificates shall comply with DIN 50049 (3.1.B) order requirements placed on the mill and the subse-
and shall be acceptable to the certifying authority. quent sales history of the product.
They shall contain a t least the following information. (b) Supplying to the purchaser all documentation
(a) Identification, as follows: required by this standard including an original copy
(1) mill location; of the mill certificate (see 12.1) or a copy verified
(2) the purchaser's order and item number; by the certification authority.
(3) method of steel manufacture; (c) Satisfying the purchaser by means Òf numbers or
.
identification marks on the steel (or tab when parcels
(4) heat or cast number; of steel are bundled) that such steel has been tested
(5) bar, bloom or plate number; and complies with this standard, as applicable to the
(6) supply condition; material specified, particularly where the dimensions
or condition of the steel have been altered.
(7) dimensions;
(8) grade of steel.
(b) Composition, as follows: 13 Delivery
(1 ) ladle analysis;
(2)product analysis: At least 1 week prior to the start of delivery the supplier
shall confirm with the purchaser the place for delivery of
(3) carbon equivalent.
the steel.
(c) Heat treatment, including details of heat treatment
Steel shall be delivered together with an accompanying
stating temperature, soaking times and cooling method;
advice note which shall contain the following minimum
NOTE. Records should be available a t the mill for a period to
be agreed with the purchaser.
information:
(d) Mechanicalproperties, as follows: (a) mill location:
(1 ) yield strength, tensile strength, yield strength/ (b) the purchaser's purchase order and item number;
tensile strength ratio, elongation; (c) cast number;
(2) Charpy V-notch impact t e s t results; (d) test/plate number;
(3) through thickness properties (if required); (e) the plate/seamless tubular/section sizes;
(4) strain age t e s t results (if required). (f) the material grade.
(e) Nominal mass.
(f) Non-destructive test (NDT) results, as follows:
(1) verification of results of NDT are to be included
14 Mass of steel
on the test certificate;
The mass of plates, sections or seamless tubulars shall be
(2) the manufacturer's own results of NDT are calculated on the basis that the steel has a density of
to be endorsed by an operator approved under 7850 kg/m3.
CSWIP-USTd or equivalent;
(3) details of segregation control monitoring are to
be given in a separate report.
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI BS*7193 8 9 W Lb246b9 O020737 5 a
BS7191 : 1989
Section two
Section two. Specific requirementsfor dimensional and shape

tolerances
15 Tolerances for plates I Table 3. Width tolerances for plates

15.1 General
Ordered width Tolerances
Tolerances for plates produced on continuous mills shall
comply with BS 1449 : Part 1. mm mm
Tolerances for plates produced on non-continuous mills -0
shall comply with 15.2 to 15.6. 600 to less than 2 O00 +20
-0
2 O00 to less than 3 O00
15.2 Length tolerances for plates +26
-0
The length tolerances on ordered length for plates shall be 3 O00 up to and including 4 O00 +30
as given in table 2. The length of a plate shall be taken as
the length of the largest rectangle contained within the
plate. 15.4 Thickness tolerances
See also option 8.14. The thickness tolerances on ordered thickness of plates
shall be as given in table 4. Thickness shall be measured a t
Table 2. Length tolerances for plates any point more than 15 mm from the edges of the plate.
See also options B.15 and B.16.
Ordered length Tolerances
15.5 Edge camber for plates
mm mm Edge camber shall be limited so that it shall be possible to
-0 inscribe the dimensions of the ordered plate within the
Less than 4 O00 + 20 delivered size. The edge camber, C, shall be taken as the
4 O00 to less than 6 O00 -0 maximum deviation between one longitudinal edge and
+30 the straight line joining the two ends of this edge (see
6 O00 to less than 8 O00 -0 figure 4).
+40
-0
8 O00 to less than 10 O00 + 60 15.6 Flatness tolerances for plates
10 O00 to less than 15 O00 -0 The flatness tolerances for plates shall not exceed the
+ 70 normal flatness tolerances given in table 5 for the straight-
-0 edge selected except that, for thicknesses of 50 mm and
15 O00 up to and including 20 O00 +loo over, the flatness tolerance shall be based on a straightedge
length of 2000 mm for all directions.
15.3 Width tolerances for plates To measure flatness, the plate resting under i t s own weight
shall be placed on a flat horizontal surface. Deviations
The width tolerances on ordered width for plates shall be
with respect to flatness shall be determined by measuring
as given in table 3. Width shall be measured perpendicular
the distance between the plate and a straightedge resting on
to the major axis of the plate.
the plate, the straightedge being placed in any dhection.
Table 4. Thickness tolerances for plates
Ordered thickness Width of plate (in mm)
Up to and Over 2 O00 Over 2 500 Over 3 O00 Over 3 500

including up to and up to and up to and up to and
2 O00 including including including including
2 500 3 O00 3 500 4 O00
mm mm mm mm mm mm
Less than 5 t.0.40 f 0.50 f 0.50 - -
5 to less than 8 f 0.45 f 0.60 f 0.80 f 0.8P -
8 to less than 25 f 0.55 f0.65 f 0.80 f 0.85 f 0.95
25 to less than 40 f 0.55 f 0.70 f 0.80 f 0.85 f 0.95
40 to less than 80 f 0.60 f 0.80 4 0.85 f 0.95 f 1.O5
80 up to and including 150 f 1.10 f 1.15 f 1.20 f 1.25 f 1.25
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BS7191 : 1989
Section two
Only the portion situated between the M O points of are between 500 mm and 1000 mm, the deviation shall
contact shall be taken into consideration. Deviations shall be obtained by taking the distance between points of
be measured a t a point a minimum of 20 mm from the contact and calculating proportionally from the deviation
longitudinal edges and a minimum of 100 mm from given for a 1000 mm straight edge in table 5.
transverse edges. When distances between points of contact
I
L
Pian
L is the length of plate

C is the edge camber
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 4. Edge camber of plates (see 15.5)
Table 5. Normal flatness tolerances for plates

I
I Ordered thickness I Straightedge I Permitted deviations for ordered widths (in mm) I
BSI B S * 7 3 7 3 8 7 W 3629667 0 0 2 0 7 2 3 3
~~
BS7191 : 1989
Section two
For ripples/corrugations less than 2 m apart (peak to peak) 16 Tolerances for sections and seamless
the following criteria shall apply.
tubulars
(a) The maximum depth of any ripple/corrugation under
the 2 m straight edge shall be 5 mm. The average depth 16.1 Sections
of all ripples on any one plate shall not exceed 4 mm. Rolling tolerances for sections shall.comply with
(b) The minimum depth t o constitute a ripple/ BS 4 : Part 1 and BS 4848 ; Part 2.
corrugation shall be 2 mm.
(c) The maximum number of ripples/corrugations
Tolerances on specific lengths shall be ;E,
mm. The same
allowed in any one plate shall be as given in tables 6 tolerance shall s t i l l apply if the product is supplied in the
normalized condition.
and 7, and shall apply to all plates 10 mm thick and over
and for all plate widths.
16.2 Seamless tubulars
The size, mass, length and straightness tolerances shall be
in plate with thickness > 12 mm as specified in BS 4848 : Part 2 and shall also apply if the
product is heat treated. Ends of seamless tubulars shall
be supplied square cut. Additionally, the tolerance on wall
thickness shall be %.
m
Seamless tubulars shall be supplied in the lengths defined in
6 2 the purchase order with the above tolerances. Jointers
9 3 shall not be supplied.
12 4 Diameter and roundness shall be based on the nominal
15 5 internal diameter, ¡.e. the Specified outside diameter minus
twice the nominal wall thickness. For a distance of
100 mm a t both ends the internal diameter shall not
Table 7. Maximum number of ripples/corrugations deviate from the nominal internal diameter by more
in plate with thickness 10 mm< 12 mm > than f 0.5 %.
I Length I Maximum number of ripples/corrugations

I
m
< 6 4
< 9 - 5
< 12 6
< 15 8
(d) The flatness tolerance shall, in all cases, be measured

to the upper surface of the plate laid on a level surface.
See also option 6.17. --`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BS7191 : 1989
Section three
Section three. Specific requirementsfor testing
17 Selectionand identificationof test 19.2 Position of samples

samples for tensile and impact tests 19.2.1 Plates. Samples shall be taken from one end midway
between the centre and one edge (see appendices C and D).
17.1 Selection of samples
19.2.2 Sections. Samples shall be taken from the relevant
The manufactuter shall randomly select and identify test flange positions shown in appendix C.
samples in accordance with clauses 18, I$,22 and 23. NOTE. In the case of sections with tapered flanges, the samples
See also options B.18, B.19, 8.20 and B.21. may be taken from the web or flange, at the manufacturer's
discretion, as shown in appendix C.
17.2 Condition of samples 19.2.3 Seamless tubulars. Samples may be taken from any
17.2.1 General. The test samples shall be in the heat- location in the seamless tubular.
treatment condition specified in clause 6.
17.2.2 Modified grades
20 Tensile test pieces
17.2.2.1 Grades 355EM and 355EMZ. For plates and
seamless tubulars of thicknesses over 20 mm and piling 20.1 Preparation of test pieces
of thicknesses over 65 mm, the test samples shall be Tensile t e s t pieces shall be prepared in accordance with
subjected to a simulated post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT), 6s 18 from the test samples obtained in accordance with
a t a nominal temperature of 600 F 20 O C , for a minimum clauses 17 and I 9 so that, wherever practicable, the rolled
time of either 1 h per 25 mm thickness of plate, or 4 h, surface of the steel is retained on two opposite sides of the
whichever is the greater. The t e s t samples shall then comply test piece. Where this is not practicable, round or rectan-
with the minimum yield strength, tensile strength and gular t e s t pieces having a diameter or thickness of not less
impact properties given in tables 9 and 13. than 12.5 mm shall be taken from the relevant position
See also option 8.22. shown in appendix D.
17.2.2.2 Grades 450EM and 450EMZ. For plates and
seamless tubulars of thickness over 20 mm, the t e s t samples 20.2 Straightening of test pieces
shall be subjected to a simulated post-weld heat-treatment, Any straighening of test pieces which is required shall be
within the temperature range 550 O C to 620 OC with a done cold. Test pieces cut from seamless tubulars shall be
maximum temperature of 25 OC below the tempering tested in the curved condition, but the ends may be flat-
range on the t e s t certificate. The heat-treatment shall last tened cold for gripping.
for either 1 h per 25 mm thickness, or 4 h, whichever is
the greater. The t e s t samples shall then comply with the
minimum yield strength, tensile strength and impact
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
21 Tensile test
properties given in table 9 and table 13.
21.1 General
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with
1 8 Number of tensile tests BS 18. The tensile strength, R,, the yield strength, Re,
and the elongation, A, shall be determined and the results
One tensile t e s t shall be made on the finished steel for obtained shall comply with the values given in tables 9,
each 40 t or part thereof of the same thickness range (see 11 and 13 for the appropriate grade.
tables 9, 11 and 131, from the same cast, showing a NOTE. For the yield strength, the manufacturer may determine
thickness variation of not more than 5 mm above and the upper yield stress, R,H, or the 0.5 % proof stress (total
below the thickness of the product sampled except that extension), Rt0.5.
where ingot practice i s used, one tensile t e s t shall be made
on each parent product. 21.2 Dispute
If the result i s in doubt or dispute, the yield strength shall
be deemed not to be reached until the total extension
1 9 Directionand position of tensile test under load, as determined by extensometer or dividers,
samples i s observed to be 0.5 % of the gauge length, ¡.e. 0.5 %
proof stress (total extension), Rt0.5.
19.1 Direction of samples
21.3 Elongation
19.1.1 Plates. Tensile t e s t samples shall be cut with the
Elongation shall be as given in tables 9, 11 and 13 and
longitudinal axis of the test samples transverse to the relates to an 80 mm gauge or 200 mm gauge length or a
principal direction of rolling. proportional gauge length of 5.65 dSo,where So is the
19.1.2 Sections and seamless tubulars. Tensile t e s t samples original cross-sectional area of the test piece.
shall be cut with the longitudinal axis of the t e s t samples If other gauge lengths are used, the corresponding elonga-
-
parallel to the principal direction of rolling. tion on a gauge length of 80 mm or 200 mm or 5.65 dSo
shall be obtained as described in BS 3894 : Part 1.
<-
COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards 13

BSI B S * 7 1 9 1 8 9 W L b 2 4 b b 9 0 0 2 0 9 2 3 7
BS7191 : 1989
Section three
22 Number of impact tests 24.2 Material 20 mm thick and over

For material of thicknesses of 20 mm and over, standard
22.1 Plates 10 mm x 10 mm test pieces shall be machined so that they
do not include material nearer to the surface than 3 rnm.
22.1.1 General. For steel grades 275DI275E, 275EZ,
355 D and 355E, the t e s t shall be made on three adjacent 24.3 Material equal to or greater than 12 mm thick up
Charpy V-notch test pieces taken from one of the thickest to but excluding 20 mm
plates of each 40 t o r part thereof of the same thickness
range (see table 9) from the same cast. For material equal to or greater than 12 mm thick and up
to but excluding 20 mm thick, standard 10 mm x 10 mm
22.1.2 Modifiedgrades. For steel grades 355EM, 355EMZ, t e s t pieces shall be machined so that they do not include
450EM and 450EMZ, the test shall be made on three material nearer to the surface than 1 mm.
adjacent Charpy V-notch test pieces taken from each
parent product. 24.4 Material equal to or greater than 6 mm thick but
less than 12 mm thick
22.2 Seamless tubuiars and sections For material equal to or greater than 6 mm thick and up
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
22.2.1 For steel grades 2758 and 355D, the t e s t shall be to but not including 12 mm thick, one of the following
made on three adjacent Charpy V-notch test pieces taken sizes of t e s t pieces shall be prepared using the full thickness
from one of the thickest products of each 40 t or part where necessary:
thereof of the same thickness range (see tables 11 and 13) (a) standard test piece, 10 mm x 10 mm;
from the same cast. (b) subsidiary standard t e s t piece, 10 mm x 7.5 mm;
22.2.2 For steel grades 275E, 275EZ,355EMI 355EMZ and (c) subsidiary standard t e s t piece, 10 mm x 5 mm.
450EM, the t e s t shall be made on three adjacent Charpy
V-notch t e s t pieces taken from one of the thickest products 24.5 Plates of general and modified grades
for every 5 t or from each parent product if i t s mass The t e s t pieces shall be taken from the following positions:
exceeds 5 t.
. (a) the sub-surface, as specified in 24.2 and 24.4 for
all grades;
(b) mid-thickness, when the thickness is above 40 mm
23 Position of impact test samples
for modified grades only.
The impact test samples for plates and seamless tubulars Charpy V-notch test pieces shall be cut parallel to the
shall be taken from positions as shown in appendix E. principal direction of rolling for grades 275D, 275E,
For sections the impact t e s t samples shall be taken from 275E2,355D and 355E and transverse to the principal
within 25 mm of the centres of the positions shown in direction of rolling for grades 355EM, 355EMZ,450EM
appendix E. For sections of non-uniform thickness and 450EMZ (see figure 5).
longitudinal impact t e s t samples shall be taken from the
thickest part of the section a t the locations shown in 24.6 Sections and seamless tubulars
appendix E. Charpy V-notch test pieces shall be cut paralle) to the
principal forming direction for all grades.
24 Impact test pieces

25 Impact tests
NOTE. Impact tests for material less than 6 mm are not normally
carried out but may be agreed between the purchaser and the 25.1 Method of testing
manufacturer at the time of the enquiry and order.
The impact test shall be carried out in accordance with
24.1 General BS 131 : Part 2 a t the temperature given in tables 9,
11 and 13 for the grade ordered. For piling material the
The t e s t pieces shall be cut parallel or transverse to the impact tests a t mid-thickness shall be carried out a t
principal direction of rolling as appropriate (see 24.5
-30 O C instead of -40 O C .
and 24.6), and the axis of the notch shall be perpendicular
to the rolled surface of the product (see figure 5). The test 25.2 Values for standard test pieces
pieces shall be prepared in accordance with BS 131 : Part 2
and 24.2 to 24.4 of this standard. The average impact value obtained from three standard
10 mm x 10 mm t e s t pieces shall be not less than the
appropriate value given in tables 9, 11 and 13 for the
grade ordered (see also 25.4).
_c__-
COPYRIGHT 2003; British/--

--
Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards 14Document provided by IHS Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408103, User=, 02/08/2003
BSI B S * ' 7 1 9 1 B9 m 1 6 2 4 b b 9 0020924 9
BS7191 : 1989
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Section three
Figure 5. Lo ation of impact test pieces
25.3 Values for subsidiary standard test pieces 25.5 Strain-age tests for modified grades
The average impact values (see also 25.4) obtained from Strain-age tests for modified grades shall not be carried out.
three subsidiary standard test pieces shall be as follows: NOTE. DOE Guidance Note 'Offshore Installations: Guidance on
(a) for 1O mm x 7.5 mm t e s t pieces, 80 % of that design and construction' recommends that strain-age tests should
be carried out on steel formed with a strain greater than 6 %.
specified in 25.2 for standard 10 mm x 10 mm t e s t
pieces; and See also option B.23.
(b) for 10 mm x 5 mm test pieces, 70 % of that specified
in 25.2 for 10 mm x 10 mm test pieces.
26 Through-thicknesstesting for 2 grades
25.4 Individual value
For standard and subsidiary standard test pieces one Through-thicknesstesting for 2 grades shall not be
individual value may be below the average values specified carried out.
in 25.2 and 25.3 but, if so, it shall be not less than 70 % See also option B.24.
of that value.
I - _- I_
BSI B S * ï L 9 1 8 9 W Lb24bb7 0 0 2 0 9 2 5 O W
BS7191 : 1989
Section three
27 Retests 27.2.2 Products testedon a thicknessrange basis (see 22.1.1

and 22.2.1). For products tested on a thickness range basis
27.1 Tensile tests if the average impact test value of the selected t e s t from
the thickest product fails to comply with 27.2.1, the pro-
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Should a test result not comply with clause 21, two further
duct from which the samples were cut shall be deemed
t e s t pieces shall be made on samples taken from the
not t o comply with this British Standard. However,
product from which the original test piece was prepared. the remaining material represented shall be deemed to
NOTE. In the case of sections with tapered flanges, the retests may comply with this British Standard provided test pieces
be made on test pieces taken from the flange at the manufacturer's
discretion. from two of the remaining products selected and prepared
in accordance with clauses 22,23 and 24 are tested and
Provided the results of both further tests comply with comply with clause 25 and, where applicable, 27.2.1.
clause 21 all the material represented shall be deemed to
comply with this British Standard. 27.3 Re-heat treatment
If the results of either of these additional tests do not Notwithstanding the requirements of 27.1 and 27.2,
comply with clause 21, the product from which the the manufacturer shall have the right to heat treat or
samples were cut shall be deemed not to comply with this re-heat treat any material including material already found
British Standard. However, test pieces from two of the not t o comply with clauses 21 and 25 and re-submit it for
remaining products may be selected and prepared in
testing. Such re-heat treatment shall be limited to one
accordance with clauses 18,19 and 20, and, provided that
repeat of the final heat-treatment cycle.
they are tested in accordance with and comply with
clause 21, the remaining material represented shall be
27.4 Through-thickness tests
deemed to comply with this British Standard.
No retesting shall be allowed without approval of the
27.2 Impact tests purchaser.
27.2.1 General. If the average value of the three impact
tests is less than the minimum average specified in clause 25
or if one individual value is less than 70 % o f the minimum
average specified in clause 25, three additional test pieces 28 Wide plate and crack opening
from the same samples shall be tested and the results added displacement (COD) data for modified
to those previously obtained and a new average calculated. grade parent plate
The new average value shall be not less than the specified
minimum average in clause 25. Not more than two of the For wide plate and COD, data for modified parent plate
individual values shall be less than the specified minimum shall not be supplied.
average in clause 25. Not more than one individual value
shall be less than 70 % of the specified minimum average
in clause 25.
16 Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
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Section four
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B S I BS*7LSL 8 9 I L b 2 4 b b 9 0 0 2 0 9 3 0 4 '
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix A
Appendices
Appendix A. Comparison between grades in this standard and BS 4360

Tables 14 to 16 give comparisons between the grades used in this standard for plates, sections and seamless tubulars
respectively and those in appendix H of BS 4360 : 1986.
Table 14. Plates: comparison between grades in this standard and BS 4360
This standard BS 4360
Grade Charpy Grade Tensile Minimum Charpy

U-notch strength yield V-notch
strength impact strength impact
at 16 mm at 16 mm 27 J a t *
40 J a t Nlmm2 N/mm2 OC
"C
275D 4301580 275 -20* 43D 4301580 275 -2 o
275E 4301580 275 -40* 43E€ 4301580 275 -50
275EZ 4301580 275 -40" - - -
50 J at
O C
355D 4901640 355 -20* 50DD 4901640 355 -30

355E 4901640 355 -40* 50EE 4901640 355 -50
355EM 4601620 355 -40t - - -
355EMZ 4601620 355 -40t - - -
60 J a t
OC
450EM 550-700 450 -40t 55 F 5501700 450 -60

450EMZ 550-700 450 -40t - - -
I
'Charpy specimens orientated parallel to principal rolling direction.
tCharpy specimens orientated transverse to principal rolling direction.
Table 15. Sections: comparison between grades in this standard and BS 4360
Minimum Charpy Grade Tensile

strength yield U-notch strength yield V-notch
strength impact*
a t 16 mm
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
N/mm2 Nlmm' 40 J at N/mm2 N/mm2 "C
OC
4301580 275 -20 43 D 4301580 275 -20
4301580 275 -40 43DD 4301580 275 -3 O
275 -40 - - - -
50 J a t
O C
4901640 355 -20 50E 4901640

355 -40 - -
355 -40 -
*Charpy specimens orieo ted parallel t o principal rolling direction.
- -.
B S I BS*7Lï3 84 3b2qbb4 0020933 b
BS7191 : 1989
Appendices A and B
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Table 16. Seamless tubulars: comparison between grades in this standard and BS 4360 1
~~
1
Grade Tensile Minimum Charpy Grade Tensile Minimum Charpy
strength yield V-notch strength yield V-notch
strength impact* strength impact*
at 16 mm at 16 mm 27 J at
N/mm ' Nlmm' a

t;:: Nlmm' Nlrnm' O C
2750 4301580 275 43 D 4301580 275 -2 o

(min)
275E 4301580 275 -40 43EE 4301580 275 -50
50 J at
O C
355D 4901640 355 -20 50 D 4901640 355 -20

355EM 4601620 355 -40 50EE 4901640 355 -50
60 J at
450EM 5501700 450 55EE 5501700 150 -50
*Charpy specimens orientated parallel to the seamless tubular axis,
Appendix B. Options (see 4.2)

(9) Details of sulphur printing or alternative method of
quality grading and frequency of checks (for continuous
B.1 Details of manufacturing proc dures to casting) .
besupplied by the manufacturer for all (h) Rolling procedures.
modified grades (i) Dehydrogenation procedures.
The following information shall be supplied by the
(i) Normalizing procedures or alternative procedures,
e.g. quenching, 0, and tempering, T (Q t T ) .
manufacturer to the purchaser a t the time of the enquiry
and order. (k) Recent production data to demonstrate that the
(a) Location and name of steel mill(s). Charpy V-notch impact values specified in this standard
are achievable.
(b) Recent production data to demonstrate that the
values proposed for ladle and product analysis are (i) Information on the effect of extended times a t stress
achievable. relieving temperatures on tensile and Charpy V-notch
impact properties to cover the effects of a second stress
(cl Steel manufacturing procedures as follows: relief in case of repair.
(11 steelmaking process; (m) Details of the quality control procedures to be
(2) proportions of scrap and hot metal charge; implemented by the manufacturer during production
(3)nominal mass of heat; which should clearly identify all inspection points.
(4) any hot-metal treatment, e.g. degassing, The manufacturer shall not change any of the above items
desulphurization or sulphide treatment technique; without the approval of the purchaser.
(5) ingot or continuous cast (concast).
(d) Segregation control procedures (including electro-
magnetic stirring, etc.) for continuous cast steel.
B.2 Limitsfor concast modified grades
(e) Control of sequential casting (for continuous The continuous casting process shall be limited to the
casting). production of material up to and including 50 mm except
(f) Ingot or slab size including plate thickness ranges in the case of piling, where the use of concast material up
on each size. to and including 65 mm in thickness is permitted (see 5.3).
26
B S I BS*7L71 87 W Lb24667 0020732 8 W
B S 7 2 9 1 : 1989
Appendix B
B.3 Reduction ratios B.6 Alternative supply condition

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In consultation between the manufacturer and the The purchaser shall approve an alternative supply condition
purchaser, different reduction ratios shall be specified proposed by the manufacturer/supplier, e.g. as rolled or
(see 5.3.2). TMCR steel for plate and sections (see clause 6).
NOTE. TMCR material i s unsuitable for subsequent normalizing or
hot forming in the normalizing temperature range or a t lower
temperatures as a significant deterioration in mechanical properties
8.4 Colú-forming proceduresfor plate of willoccur.
modified grades (see 5.4)
The manufacturer shall provide the following data on the 8.7 Detailsof heat treatment procedures
effect of cold-forming plates at outside diameter to thick-
ness ratios of 10:1,15:1 and 20:l. This shall be provided
for plategrade450
from actual rolling trials or onsimulated tensile tests a t
The manufacturer shall provide details of austenitizing and
5 %, 7.5 %and 10 %strain.
tempering temperatures, soaking times and methods of
All specimens shall be extracted from the outer subsurface control (see 6.2).
position of the strained segment and parallel to the
circumference.
The t e s t frequency shall be one set of the following tests .
B.8 Manufacturer's proposed analysis for
per mill source per manufacturing route.
modified grades
(a) Trialmaterial: ingot 80 mm max., concast 5 0 mm
max. At the time of the enquiry and order, the manufacturer
(b) Condition: as follows: shall advise the purchaser of the ladle and product analysis
(1) as rolled and aged 1 h a t 150 OC; ranges, within the specified ranges in tables 8, 10 and 12,
to which he proposes to work. This shall cover all elements
(2) as rolled and aged 1 h a t 150 OC plus stress relief
listed in tables 8, 10 and 12 and also include residual
for 4 h a t 600 f 20 O C ;
elements required to be reported for each material type and
(3) as rolled and aged 1 h a t 250 OC; manufacturing route (see clause 7 and tables 8, 10 and 12).
(4) as rolled and aged 1 h at 250 O C plus stress relief
for 4 h a t 600 f 20 O C .
(c) Ageing. The following tests shall be carried out for B.9 Weldabilitytests (see clause 8)
each ageing condition.
(1 ) Tensile: One t e s t a t ambient temperature shall be B.9.1 Selection of weldability tests (modified steels only)
carried out and shall comply with the values given in Weldability tests shall be performed by means of either or
table 9 for the appropriate grade. both of the series of tests described in appendices F and G.
(2) Charpy V-notch impact: Transition curves shall be The purchaser shall specify which of the tests in appen-
derived from unstrained, strained and strain-aged dices F and/or G are to be carried out.
material. Tests shall be performed from +20 o C down NOTE. Weldability tests are only required for plates exceeding
to -80 OC a t 20 OC intervals; three specimen shall be 40 mm in thickness and for rolled seamless tubular$ and sections
tested a t each temperature, and shall have the follow- over 25 mm in thickness.
ing minimum values a t -40 'C.
B.9.2 Materials sampling
(i)For grade 355EM and 355EM2, an average
value of 36 J and an individual value of 26 J. Plates shall be selected whose mechanical/chemical
properties and manufacturing routes are typical for the
(i¡) For grades 450EM and 450EMZ, an average
grade(s) of material the manufacturer intends to supply
value of 45J and an individual value of 32 J.
in production.
The materials for the weldability evaluation shall be
selected from the top end of the planned production range
B.5 Hot-forming proceduresfor plate of of carbon equivalent values and shall be approved by the
modified grades purchaser.
At the time of the enquiry and order the manufacturer

shall provide general information on the method and effect
of hot-forming on material properties.
BSI BS*7LSL 8 9 11624bh9 0020933 T M
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix B
6.9.3 Retention of test samples B.13 Test certificatesfor ex-mill supply
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Representative t e s t samples and significant sized pieces of
untested material shall be uniquely identified and stored An additional number of copies, as defined by the
for a period of 1 year during which time they shall be purchaser, of all relevant test certificates and reports shall
made available for additional testing/inspection if so be sent t o a nominated address (see 12.1).
required by the purchaser.
8.9.4 Data reporting B.14 Length and width tolerancesfor

On completion of each weld testing programme and plates
verification of all test results the steel manufacturer shall
submit a report to the purchaser. Plates shall be supplied machine gas cut or re-sheared to
the restricted length and width tolerances given in table 17
(see clause 15.2 and 15.3).
B.1O Ultrasonictesting for,internal
soundness Table 17. Restricted length and width
tolerances for plates
Grades other than modified grades shall be ultrasonically
tested to verify that the plates comply with the internal Ordered thickness Tolerances
soundness of grade LC1 of BS 5996 (see 9.1.2).
mm mm
-0
Up to and including 40 +6
B.l I Ultrasonic, magnetic particle and dye -0
Over 40 up to and including 100
penetrant procedures +I o
-0
Over 100 up to and including 150 + 13
Written ultrasonic, magnetic particle inspection (MPI) and
dye penetrant procedures shall not be submitted by the
manufacturer (see 9.4).
B.15 Thickness tolerancesfor plates: all

B.12 Colour coding over ordered thickness
Widths of painted bands shall be less than 50 mm Plates shall be supplied t o the thickness tolerances given
(see 11.2). in table 18 (see 15.4).
Table 18. Thickness tolerances for plates: all over ordered thickness
Ordered Width of plate (mm)

thickness
Up to and Over 2 O00 Over 2 500 Over 3 O00 Over 3 500
including up to and up to and up to and up to and
2 O00 including including including including
2 500 3 O00 3 500 4 O00
mm mm mm mm mm mm
Less than 5
-0 -0 -0 - -
+0.80 +1.00 +I.o0
5 t o less than 8 -0 -0 -0 -0 -
+o.go + I .20 +1.60 -60
+I
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0
8 to less than 25 +1.10 +1.30 +I .60 +7.60 +I .90
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0
25 to less than 40 +1.10 +I
.40 +1.60 +1.70 +I-90
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0
40 to less than 80 +I -20 +I-60 +I-70 +I -90 +2.10
80 up to and -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
including 150 +2.20 +2.30 +2.40 +2.50 +2.50
BSI BS*ïLïL 89 m LhZ4bb9 0 0 2 0 9 3 4 I m
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix B
B.16 Thickness tolerancesfor plates: all For steel grades with a specified minimum yield strength
exceeding 360 N/mm2 the flatness tolerances given in
under ordered thickness table 20 shall be increased by 50 %.
Plates shall be supplied to the thickness tolerances given in be measuredat a point a Of
20 mm from the longitudinat edges and a minimum of
table 19 (see 15.4).
50 mm from the transverse edge.
When distances between points of contact are between
B.17 Special fhtness tO!eranCes for plates 500 mm and 1000 mm the deviation shall be obtained by
taking the distance between points of contact and calculat-
Plates shall be supplied to the tolerances given in table 20 ing proportionally from the deviation given for a 1000 mm
(see 15.6). straightedge in table 20.
Table 19. Thickness tolerances for plates: all under ordered thickness
Ordered Width of plate (mm)

thickness
Up to and Over 2 ooa
including up to and
1
7
2 O00 including
2 500
mm mm mm mm mrn
Less than 5
-0.80 -1 .o0 -1 .o0 -
+O +O +O
-0.90 -1.20 -1.60 -1.60
5 to less than 8 +O +O +O +O
-1.10 -1.30 -1.60 -1.70 -1.90
-1.10 -1.40 -1.60 -1.70
-1.20 -1.60 -1.70 -1.90 -2.10
40 to less than 80 +O +o +O +O +O
80 up to and -2.20 -2.30 -2.40 -2.50 -2.50
including 150 +o +O +O +O +O
*
Table 20. Special flatness tolerances for plates
Ordered Straight- Permissible deviations for ordered widths (mm)

thickness edge
length Less 1 500 to 2 O00 to 2 500 to 2 750 to 3 O00 to
selected than less than less than less than less than less than
1 500 2 O00 2 500 2 750 3000 3250
-
mm mm mm mm mm
3 to less than 4 1 O00 3 4 5
2000 8 11 15
4 to less than 6 1 O00 3 4 4 5

2000 7 11 15 18
6 to less than 8 1 O00 3 4 4 4

2000 7 9 11 12
8 to less than 10 1 O00 3 3 3

2000 6 7 9
IO to less than 20 1 O00 3 3 3

---+---
2000 6 6 9 10
-
20 up to and 1 O00 3 3 3 3
including 150 2000
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6 6 6 6
29
BSI BS*7L9L 8 9 W Lb24bb9 0 0 2 0 9 3 5 3 W
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix B
B.18 Purchaser's selection and Char,py V-notch impacts from the subsurface position
identification of test samples prior to (2 mm) cut transverse to the direction of rolling.
'Two samples of material shall be plastically strained 5 %
products being cut to ordered size
and then one aged for 1 h a t 250 OC and the other for
1 h a t 150 'C.
The purchaser shall randomly select and identify test
samples in accordance with clauses 18, 19,22and 23 prior Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be performed on
to the products being cut to ordered size (see clause 17). unstrained, strained and strain-aged samples a t -40 O C and
shall achieve the following minimum values.
(a) For grades 355EM and 355EMZ, an average value
B.19 Purchaser's selection and of 36 J and an individual value of 26 J.
(b) For grades 450EM and 450EM2, an average value
identification of test samples after products of 45 J and an individual value of 32 J.
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
have been cut to ordered size

The purchaser shall randomly select and iaentify t e s t
samples in accordance with clauses 18,19,22and 23 after B.24 Through-thicknesstesting for 2
the products have been cut to ordered size (see clause 17). grades (see clause 26)
In this case the purchaser shall accept the material from
which the test samples have been cut provided that the test B.24.1 General
results comply with this British Standard.
Through-thicknesstesting shall be carried out in the final
heat-treatment condition. Testing is not required for
thicknesses below 25 mm.
B,20 Purchaser's witnessing of The frequency of testing shall be:
mechanical tests (a) each parent product when S is 0.005 % >
The mechanical tests applicable to the purchaset order - < 0.008 % S (ladle);
shall be carried out in the purchaser's presence (see (b) one plate from each cast when S is 0.005 % S <
clause 17). (ladle).
B.24.2 Test pieces

B.21 Purchaser's visual inspection Six test pieces shall be taken a t the locations detailed in
figure 6. Test pieces shall have a diameter of 10 mm.
With respect to surface condition (see 9.1.1,9.2.1 For plate thicknesses less than or equal to 40 mm the full
and 9.3.1)and/or product marking (see clause 11) and/or plate thickness shall be tested by attaching extension
relevant dimensional and shape tolerances (see section pieces on either side.
two), the manufacturer shall make available for the For plate thicknesses greater than 40 mm test pieces 'A'
purchaser's visual inspection all or a random selection of shall be taken from one surface of the plate and t e s t pieces
the items produced for his order. 'B' shall be taken from the opposite surface of the plate
(see figure 6). .
Extension pieces shall be friction welded to the t e s t
B.22 Simulated post-weld heat treatment samples (see figure 7).
The purchaser shall specify a post-weld heat treatment B.24.3 Test results
temperature other than 600 f 20 OC (see 17.2.2). When the six t e s t pieces are tested in accordance with
NOTE. In this case the properties to be obtained should be agreed. BS 6780 the test results shall be as follows:
(a) the through-thickness tensile strength shall be not
less than 80 % of the minimum specified tensile strength;
B,23 Strain-age tests for modified grades (b) the short-transversereduction in area (STRA) shall
(see 25.4) have a minimum average value of 35 %and an individual
value of 25 %.
Strain-agetesting shall be carried out for plate over
12.5 mm thickness in grades 355EM, 355EMZ,450EM
and 450EMZ.
One plate thickness from each of three casts per process
route and per manufacturing location shall be tested using
.
BSI B S * ï 1 9 1 8 9 W 162qb69 0020936 5
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix B
B.25 Wide plate and COD data for (b) in the absence of relevant wide plate data, shall COD
modified-gradeparent plate (see clause 28) test sample plates of thicknesses up to 150 mm in
accordance with BS 5762 using displacement control.
The subsidiary specimen geometry is permitted.
For plates of thickness greater than 100 mm the steel
The tests shall be carried out after simulated post-weld
manufacturer shall either:
treatment a t 600 f 20 OC. Three tests per plate thick-
(a) provide wide plate data of Parent Plate applicable to ness shall be performed a t -10 'C. The COD specimens
the type of steel to be supplied; or shall be taken transverse to the principal rolling direction
of the plate and shall be through-thickness notched.
4
Rolling direction
*
I
* B A * +
r
z
-- - A - -
300mm
B = E :+ m
= B A *
d
Q
L
\
Figure 6. Through-thickness tensile test piecë locations (see B.24.2)
/- Extension piece
A
v)
ul!
a
uïc
c
+
a!
m
z
Figure 7. Through-thickness tensile test piece location within plate with thickness > 40 mm (see B.24.2)
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI BS*7LSL 89 m Lb24bb9 O020937 7 m
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix C
Appendix C. Positionsof test samples for tensile test

The positions of test samples for tensile testing shall be as shown in figure 8.
116
(a) Sections with parallel flanges (b) Sections with tapered flanges
(c) Channels (d) Equal and unequal angles
-"i"l
-116
(f) T-bars cut from sections with tapered flanges;

rolled long and short stalk T-bars with tapered
flanges
(e) T-bars cut from sections with parallel flanges

rolled short stalk T-bars; rolled long stalk T-bars
with parallel flanges
lz'a I -1
114W t-
314w c
íg) Plates
Figure 8. Positions of test samples for tensile test (sée clause 19)
d \ - i
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
&.- \ 'I . 01:26:39 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
BSI BSm7LSL 89 M Lb24bb9 0020938 9 M
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix D
Appendix D. Position of test piec-eto be taken from tensile test sample when two
rolled surfaces cannot be retained
The position of the test piece to be taken from tensile test samples when two rolled surfaces cannot be retained shall be
as shown in figure 9.
a
Plate width W
$ Test piece
/ I -r --
314 T ff 1
-
Min. test piece
Ø 12.5mm
114 w -I- 314 w c
Figure 9. Position of test piece to be taken from teosile test sample when two rolled surfaces cannot be
retained (see clauses 19 and 20)
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI BS*?13L 83 Lb24bbï 0020733 O
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix E
Appendix E. Positionsof test samples for impact tests ,
The positions of test samples for impact tests shall be as shown in figure 10.
n
T
NOTE. The t e s t piece may be taken
from either leg of unequal angles.
(a) Sections (b) Channels
-
(c) Equal and unequal angles
-1/3
3 2/3 *-
I l
(d) T-bars cut from unlversal beams; T-bars cut from (e) Tubulars
universal columns; rolled short stalk T-bars; rolled
long stalk T-bars
Piate width W
I
u(
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
114 w I
314 W
L is the longitudinal direction (mm)
T is the traverse direction (mm) (see figure 5)

NOTE. Additional samples are taken from mid-thickness at the position shown.
(f) Plates > 40 mm thick
Figure I O . Positions of test samples for impact tests (see clauses 23 and 24)
BSI BS*7L9L 8 9 Lb24bb9 0 0 2 0 9 4 0 7
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
Appendix F. Weldability testing for F.3.2 Bevel detail

modified grades and mechanical testing of For all t e s t welds a square-edge weld preparation shall be
adopted for one side of the preparation. The other side
butt welds of the preparation shall consist of a single bevel (see
figure I1 (a)). For t e s t welds in excess of 60 mm a J-type
F.l General requirements Preparation may be used.
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A series of butt welds with arc energies in accordance F.3.3 Welding processes
with F.3.4 shall be made prior t o the commencement of Tack welds and initial root pass of each test plate may be
production. deposited by the gas metal arc or shielded metal are welding
The welds shall be carried out in accordance with normal (SMAW) or flux-cored are welding (FCAW) process.
fabrication practices but square-edge weld preparation Subsequent weld passes shall be deposited by FCAW or
shall be used for one side of the preparation. The welds SAW, as appropriate.
shall comply with the mechanical properties specified
in F.5. F.3.4 Nominal arc energy
NOTE. Precautions should be taken to prevent the occurence NOTE. The nominal arc energies for each weld pass apply unless
of defects which could invalidate the test. other values consistent with proposed fabrication procedures or
base material are agreed a t the time of enquiry and order.
In addition, if specified a t the discretion of the purchaser,
further welds shall be carried out where sufficient grain Nominal arc energies for each weld pass shall be:
coarsened heat-affected zone (HAZ) is produced so that FCAW 0.6 kJ/mm i 0.1 kJ/mm;
the fatigue-crack of the COD test piece samples at least SAW 3.0 kJ/mm i 0.2 kJ/mm, for grade 355 only.
15 % of grain-coarsened HAZ (as defined in F.4.3.1).
SAW 5.0 kJ/mm k 0.2 kJ/mm, for grade 355 only.
SAW 3.5 kJ/mm f 0.2 kJ/mm, for grade 450 and
also for grade 355 if the 5.0 kJ/mm test
F.2 Welding procedure produces results below the purchaser's
The manufacturer shall submit detailed welding procedures acceptance criteria.
for review and approval by the purchaser a t least 3 weeks Arc energy, A (in kJ/mm) shall be calculated'from the
prior to commencement of welding. The procedures shall following equation:
include wire or electrode size, welding parameters, welding
position and other relevant parameters, e.g. number of
submerged arc welding (SAW) wires, iron power additions,
weld bevel angle and a typical photomicrograph of a where
section from the weld to show the alignment of the fusion V is the arc voltage (in V);
line, together with a measurement of the percentage of I is the welding current (in A);
grain-coarsened HAZ, according to the method given in
figure 16. Wis the welding speed (in mm/s).
Welding consumables, which have previously demonstrated For the purposes of this standard the arc energy for
consistently high, ¡.e. above 0.25 mm, COD values a t tandem arc welding shall be calculated as the sum of the
-10 OC, shall only be used. Welding of test plates shall be individual arc energies.
carried out by qualified personnel approved by the
purchaser for use on offshore structures or sub-assemblies. F.3.5 Heat treatmenf
After welding, grade 355 t e s t welds, which are to be tested
in the PWHT condition, shall be post-weld heat treated a t
F.3 Plate butt-weld requirements either 600 f 20 OC or a t another temperature to be
specified by the purchaser. They shall be subjected to a'
F.3.1 Test plate dimensions soaking period of either not less than 1 h per 25 mm
thickness of plate or 4 h, whichever is the greater. Heating
The test plate thicknesses shall correspond to the and cooling rates shall be in accordance with BS 5500.
maximum thickness of the ranges detailed in table 21.
For grade 450 t e s t welds, post-weld heat treatment shall
The length of each test plate shall be in the principal be within the temperature range 550 O C to 620 OC,with a
direction of rolling. maximum temperature of 25 OC below the tempering range
The length and width of each welded t e s t plate shall be on the t e s t certificate, for either 1 h per 25 mm thickness
sufficient to accommodate the testing requirements of of plate or 4 h, whichever is the greater.
this appendix plus any retests. The width of the welded
test piece shall not be less than 500 mm or 10 times the
thickness, whichever is greater, to a maximum of 750 mm.
BSI BS*z%-189 1624669 0020941 9
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
Table 21. Weldability test requirements for butt welds
Maximum thickness Condition Nominal arc energies (kJ/mm)

range, t
FCAW*
0.6
SAW
3.0 SAW
6 .O I :iw
P = 125 OC P = 125 OC P=125'C P=125'C
I = 25Q 'Ct4 I = 250°C I =25OoC I =25OoC
I
mm
355EMZ As welded J J J §
40 < < 50
t
Concast
40 < < 50
t PWHT J J
Concast
40 < < 150

t As welded J J
Ingot
40 < < 150

t PWHT J J
Ingot
450EMZ II As welded
40 t< < 75
40 < t < 75 PWHT ll IJ

Tubulars and sections** As welded J J
25 < <
t 40
*Flux-cored arc welding.

t P i s the minimum pre-heat temperature (in " C l ; I i s the maximum interpass temperature (in OC).
*For CEV = 0.44 use P = 150 OC.
§Grade 355EMZ tests may also be required a t 3.5 kJ/mm if tests at 5.0 kJ/mm produce results below
the purchaser's acceptance criteria.
Illngot or concast.
(Grade 450EMZ not to be welded above 3.5 kJ/mm.
**See option B.9.1.
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B S I BS$?<îL 89 fi- Lb24667 0020942 O
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
F.4 Mechanicaltesting F.4.2 Charpy V-notch impact tests

Charpy V-notch t e s t specimen locations shall be in
F.4.1 General accordance with figure 11 and testing shall be carried out
in accordance with BS 131 : Part 2.
A series of mechanical tests shall be carried out in accor-
dance with table 22. A sufficient amount of each t e s t weld Prior to notching, all samples shall be etched to allow the
should be prepared to permit repeat testing particularly in notch ~ocationto be m ~ k e d -
case of invalid COD tests (see F.4.3.2). Subsequent to testing, all fusion-line specimens taken from
the straight edge (SE) shall be sectioned to verify a correct
notch.
P
Table 22. Mechanical test requirements for each butt weld*
Type of test No. of tests Position of tests Acceptance criteria
Macro/hardness 2 See F.4.4 and figure 12 325 HvlO, except for 0.6 kJ/mm arc
energy when acceptance value is
350 HvlO (see F.5.1 (c))
Charpy V-notch One set of 3 Position of tests as follows: Tested a t -40 O C to meet the
tests per (a) transverse to plate rolling Following:
position direction; (a) for grade 355, a minimum
(b) a t FL, FL+2 and FL+5 average of 36 J and a minimum
on specimens from cap, individual value of 26 J;
mid-thickness and root from (b) for grade 450, a minimum
both straigh't edge and bevel average of 45 J and a minimum
edges (see F.4.2, F.5.1 (a) individual value of 32 J
and figure 11) (see F.5.1 (a))
~
COD 3 tests per Position of tests as follows: Tested a t - 10 O C to meet a COD

position (a) transverse to plate rolling value as defined by the purchaser
direction; (see F.5.1 (b))
(b) a t each of the following
positions:
(1) GCHAZ
(2) SCHAZ/ICHAZ boundary
(3) weld metal
(See F.4.3.2)
Additional 3 tests per Fatigue-crack-tipto sample a t Tested a t -.IO "C to meet a COD
CODt position least 15 % of grain-coarsened value as defined by the purchaser
HAZ (see F.l and F.4.3.4) (see F.5.1 (b))
Cross-weld 2 Cross-weld (see F.4.5) As given in tables 9,11 and 13

tensile (see F.5.l(d))
*For details of butt welds see F.3 and table 21.

tAdditiona1 COD tests to be carried out on 3.0 kJ/rnm and 5.0 kJ/rnm test welds only
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37
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
F.4.3 COD tests F.4.3.3 Sectioning methods

F.4.3.1 Classificationof HAZ structures. When a single F.4.3.3.1 Grain-coarsenedHAZ. Following testing,
weld bead is deposited on a plate, the following four HAZ each COD specimen shall be examined as follows to
zones shall be defined in the plate in order moving away confirm that the fatigue crack sampled the grain-coarsened
from the weld depending on the temperature experienced: HAZ (GCHAZ).
(a) grain-coarsened HAZ (GCHAZ) : temperature (a) Remove a 15 mm slice containing the fracture face
>111O0C~14OO0C; from each specimen half.
(b) fine grained HAZ (FGHAZ): temperature > Aca (b) Section either the sample from the weld metal side
4 lloooc; or both fracture faces parallel to the root of the
(c) intercriticah HAZ (ICHAZ): temperature > Ac1 machined notch as shown in figure 15.
4 AC3; NOTE. Specimens should be sectioned t o allow examination of
the central 2b
of the fatigue crack. I f fracture initiation falls
(d) subcritica¡ HAZ (SCHAZ): temperature d Acl. outside the central 2/3 of the specimen sectioning should
In a multi-pass weld some regions of the HAZ of the first include this point.
pass are eliminated, others are significantly altered and (c) Polish and etch the exposed top face of the bottom
others remain unaltered. In a single bevel multi-pass weld half for micro examination as shown in figure 15.
'the overlapping heat affected zones that penetrate the (d) Examine and take a photomicrograph a t an appro-
unbevelled edge appear as shown in figure 13. priate magnification. The recorded evidence shall show
NOTE. The zones of particular importance are as follows and are the full plate thickness.
highlighted in figure 14.
NOTE. If the distance between the polished face and the deepest
(a) the intercritically reheated GC HAZ (ICGCHAZ); point of the fatigue crack exceeds 2 mm, as a result of excessive
(b) the subcritically reheated GC HAZ (SCGCHAZ); bowing or the existence of an irregular fatigue crack profile,
(cl the SCHAZ/ICHAZ boundary. additional sections rnay be required as agreed with the purchaser.
F.4.3.2 Test requirements. Three valid COD tests shall be F.4.3.3.2 Subcriticallintercritical H A Z boundary. For each
conducted for each of the following: SCHAZ COD specimen, sectioning and documentation
shall be as given in F.4.3.3.1.
(a) grain-coarsened HAZ (GCHAZ):
(b) the subcritical HAZ (SCHAZ)/intercriticaI HAZ F.4.3.3.3 Weldmetal, For each weld metal COD specimen,
(ICHAZ) boundary; only one of the two specimen halves shall be sectioned.
The half containing the HAZ (not the half containing the
(c) weld metal (2 mm from the fusion line). bulk of the weld metal) shall be sectioned, prepared and
All COD samples shall be transverse to the plate rolling photographed.
direction.
F.4.3.4 Additional COD tests. When additional tests are
Testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS 5762 specified by the purchaser, as defined in F.1, the percentage
using displacement control and test pieces which shall be of grain-coarsened areas sampled by the fatigue crack shall
notched in the through-thickness direction. For thickness, be calculated as shown in figure 16. This percentage should
<
t 75 mm a preferred geometry specimen shall be include the ICGCHAZ and SCGCHAZ adjacent to the
adopted and for t 2 75 mm a subsidiary specimen columnar weld metal.
geometry a/w = 0.3 shall be adopted, where a is the effect-
ive crack length (in mm); w is the width of test piece (in
mm). F.4.4 Macrolhardness surveys
Tests shall be checked for validity (see note) and invalid Macro specimens shall be prepared from each test weld and
specimens shall be disregarded and the test(s) repeated. hardness surveys shall be performed on each specimen in
NOTE, In addition to the requirement of BS 5762, validity of test accordance with BS 427 and figure 12 of this standard.
specimens should be checked according t o the following criteria. Starting as close to the fusion line as possible with indents
(a) Grain-coarsened HAZ. To be considered a valid test, 0.75 mm between centres through to base material the
the fatigue crack should be within 0.5 mm of the fusion line centre of all indents shall be as close to as possible but clear
and should sample all the grain-coarsenedHAZ present, as shown of the fusion line.
in figure 14(a). However, if fusion line irregularities prevent this,
a sample including as much grain-coarsenedHAZ as possible All hardness surveys shall be performed with a 10 kg load.
rnay be accepted, if approved by the purchaser.
(b) Subcritical/intercritical HAZ boundary. To be considered F.4.5 Cross-weld tensile t e s t
a valid test, the fatigue crack should sample the boundary
between the subcritical HAZ and the intercritical HAZ, If specified by the purchaser, two cross-weld tests shall be
as shown in figure 14(b). However, if fusion line irregularities carried out.
prevent this a sample including as much relevant microstructure
as possible may be accepted if approved by the purchaser.
(cl Weld metal. To be considered a valid test, 1O0 % of the
fatigue crack should sample weld metal and 80 % should be
within 2 mm of the fusion line. Additional sectioning rnay be
necessary to examine the fracture initiation point if agreed
between the purchaser and supplier.
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BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
F.5 Specific test requirements (b) COD. COD values a t - 10 OC shall meet the
purchaser's acceptance criteria.
F.5.1 Tests in the as-welded and PWHT conditions (c) Vickers hardness. Vickers hardness shall be
The test welds shall be welded from the maximum thick- 325 HvlOmax., except in the case of the 0.6 kJ/mm
ness of plate to be produced within the following ranges arc energy t e s t when the value shall be 350 HvlOmax.
a t the normal arc energies detailed in table 21. In the event that a retest is required, remove 2 mm to
As-welded PWHT 4 mm of the surface and retest the failed area.
40 < t < 50 mm concast 40 < t Q 50 mm concast (d) Cross-weld tensile tests. The tensile strength shall
40 < t Q 150 mm ingot 40 < t < 150 mm ingot not be less than the minimum specified in tables 9,
NOTE. Where t is the thickness (in rnrn). 11 and 13.
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The following mechanical t e s t requirements shall be
achieved for each weld.
(a) Charpy V-notch tests. Specimens shall be taken
F.6 Weldability testing of seamless
transverse to the plate rolling direction a t the locations tubulars and sections
detailed in figure 11 and shall be tested a t -40 OC to
meet the following minimum values: Where weldability testing of sections and seamless tubulars
exceeding 25 mm thick is specified by the purchaser,
(1 ) for grade 355, an average value of 36 J and an t e s t welds shall be prepared as given in table 21. Testing
individual value of 26 J;
shall be confined t Ó macro/hardness (see F.5.l(c)) and
(2) for grade 450, a minimum average value of 45 J Charpy V-notch (see F.5.1 (a)). COD testing (see F.5.1 (b))
and a minimum individual value of 32 J. shall only be carried out a t the discretion of the purchaser.
~ Retest procedures shall be in accordance with 27.2.1.
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
FL -
I
FL
NOTE. Where t i s the plate thickness (in mm); D is the specimen size (in mm).
(a) Single bevel
t
-I
O
Weid metal -Weid fusion Line
(b) Notch positions for HAZ Charpy V-notch test pieces on bevelled side of weld
All dimensions are in millimetres.
NOTE. FL i s the fusion line.
Figure 11. Location of Charpy V-notch impact test pieces for plate butt weld (see F.3.2 and F.4.2)
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BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
(a) General arrangement
(b) Enlargement of area A

Ali dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 12. Vickers hardness testing for plate butt weld (see F.4.4)
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/------
7 7 41
_- - - -1
~
BSI B S * 7 1 î L 8 7 W L b 2 4 b b ï OOZO7i.17 T W
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
-
/ Columnar weld metal
-
SRGCHAZ Subcriticaily
reheated GCHAZ
IRGCHAZ - Intercritically
reheated GCHAZ
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NOTE. The ebbreviations are as follows:

SCHAZ = subcritical heat-affected zone;
ICHAZ = intercritical heat-affected zone;
FGHAZ = fine grain heat-affected zone;
GCHAZ = grain-coarsened heat-affected zone.
Figure 13. The HAZ regions in a single-bevel multi-passweld (see F.4.3.1)
B S I BS*7191 8 9 N Lb24bb9 0020948 L =
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
ICGCHAZ
SCGCHAZ I
1
ICHAZ I SCHA:
(a) Intercritically and subcritically reheated GCHAZ (b) Intercritical/subcritical HAZ boundary (ICHAZ/SCHAZ)
(ICGCHAZ and SCGCHAZ)
NOTE. A/B is the notch line.
Figure 14. The HAZ regions in a single-bevel multi-pass weld with specific zones highlighted (see F.4.3.1)
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43
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix F
Saw cut Lines

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Machi ne
nofch
Fat igue Seciion

crack plane
Fat igue Pol ish

Polish crack tip and etch
and etch I
All dimensions are in millimetres.

NOTE, Where 1 is the thickness (in mm).
Figure 15. COD specimen sectioning details (see F.4.3.3)
/--- --? 44 01:26:39 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
O/O GC areas sampled
Figure 16. Plan view of polished section halves showing method to calculate GCHAZ percentage
(see F.4.3.4)
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Lb2Llbbî 0 0 2 0 9 5 3 3
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix G
Appendix G. Bead-on-plate Before welding, the welding line down the centre of the
plate shall be cleaned of dirt and mill scale by grinding
weldabilitytest for modified grades or rubbing with emery paper. The preheat shall be
measured and recorded immediately before welding.
G,1 General The centre of all indents should be as close as possible to,
but shall be clear of the fusion line.
The manufacturer shall carry out bead-on-plate tests and
determination of HAZ hardness as follows: Table 23. Bead-on-plate arc energy and preheat
(a) either as part of the programme to categorize the conditions
steel; and/or
(b) to assess the response of individual heats in terms Welding position Flat
of hardenability during welding. Electrode diameter (mm) 2.4
The purchaser shall specify which applies. Arc voltage (V, d.c. neg.) 10 f 0.5
When called for as part of the programme to categorize the Current iA) 200 f 5
steel, the tests shall be performed on the same type and Travel speed (mm/min) 120 f 5
thickness of plate as in appendix F. When used to assess
Preheat: ( OC maximum)
the response in terms of hardenability of individual heats
thickness above 40 mm 125
the tests shall be performed on the thickest plate rolled
from each heat.
G.4 Test condition

6.2 Test plate dimensions
All testing shall be carried out with the test plate in the
The minimum dimensions of each test plate shall be
'as welded' condition.
300 mm long and 150 mm wide.
G.5 Specific test requirements

G.3 Welding method
Cross sections shall be cut through the weld a t 100 mm
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The welding method shall be mechanized autogenous from each end of the weld. These shall be polished and
GTAW bead-on-platewelding in accordance with table 23, etched to identify the fusion line. Vickers hardness
the weld shall be made full length within 10 mm of the indents shall be made in the HAZ and in the parent metal,
longitudinal centreline of the plate in accordance with in accordance with BS 427 : Part 1, using a 10 kg load at
figure 17. the locations indicated in figure 17 of this standard.
NOTE. Maximum hardness should be agreed between the manufac-
turer and the purchaser.
BSI BS*7LîL 89 a Lb2Llbbî 0 0 2 0 7 5 2 3 =
BS7191 : 1989
Appendix G
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300 min. C
(a) Test plate
Weld bead
All dimensions are in millirnetrec.

NOTE. This figure is not to scale.
Figure 17. Detail of test plate and location of hardness indentation for bead-on-plate
hardenability test (see G.3 and G.5) .
47
BSI B S * ï 1 7 L 87 0020353 5
Pr-evious page
is blank
Publications referred to
BS 4 Structural steel sections
Part 1 Specification for hot-rolled sections
BS 18 Method for tensile testing of metals (including aerospace materials)
BS 131 Methods for notched bar tests
Part 2 The Charpy V-notch impact test on metals
BS 427 Method for Vickers hardness test
BS 1449 Steel plate, sheet and strip
Part 1 Specification for carbon and carbon-manganeseplate, sheet and strip
BS 1837 Methods for the sampling of iron, steel, permanent magnet alloys and ferro-alloys
BS 3894 Method for converting elongation values for steel
Part ICarbon and low alloy steels
88'4360 Specification for weldable structural steels
BS 4848 Specification for hot-rolled structural steel sections
Part 2 Hollow sections
Part 4 Equal and unequal angles
Part 5 Bulb flats
BS 4870 Specification for approval testing of welding procedures
Part 1 Fusion welding of steel
BS 4871 Specification for approval testing of welders working to approved welding procedures
Part 1 Fusion welding of steel
BS 51 35 Speclfication for the arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels
BS 6252 Framework for colour co-ordination for building purposes
BS 6500 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels
*BS 6750 Quality systems
BS 5762 Methods for crack opening displacement (COD) testing
BS 5996 Methods for ultrasonic testing and specifying quality grades of ferritic steel plate
BS 6200 Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals
Part 3 Methods of analysis
BS 6512 Specification for limits and repair of surface discontinuities of hot-rolled steel plates and wide fl a ts
BS 6562 Terms used in the iron and steel industry
Part 2 Glossary of terms used in classifying and defining steel industry products by shape and dimensions
BS 6780 Specification for through thickness reduction of area of steel plates and wide flats
Handbook19 Methods for the sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals
API 5 L Specification for line pipe
CSW IP-UST-5 Requirements for the certification of personnel engaged in the manual ultrasonic testing of
steel plate and rolled products
CSWIP-MAGPEN-4 Requirements for the certification of personnel engaged in magnetic particle andlor penetrant testing
metallic materials, components and welded constructions
DIN 50049 Certificates on material testing
Offshore Installations: Guidance on Design and Construction. Department of Energy
-
*Referred to in the foipewoird only.
COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards
\
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B S I BS*719L 89 m 1 6 2 Y b b 9 0020951-1 7 m
BS 7191 : 1989
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols and
the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, was published size, type or grade designations. Enquiries should be addressed to
under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on the Publications Manager, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes
29 September 1989 MK14 6LE. The number for telephone enquiries is 0908 220022
and for telex 825777.
O British Standards Institution, 1989
ISBN O 580 17885 4 Contract requirements. A British Standard does not purport to
include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Standards are responsiblefor their correct application.
Committee reference ISM/12 Draft for comment 88/37847 DC
Revision of British Standards. British Standardsare revised, when
British Standards Institution. Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is necessary, by the issue either of amendments or of revised editions.
the independent national body for the preparation of British It is important that users of British Standardsshould ascertain that
Standards. It is the UK member of the International Organization they are in possession of the latest amendmentsor editions.
for Standardization and UK sponsor of the British National Automatic updating service. BSI provides an economic, individual
Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission. and automatic standards updating service called PLUS. Details are
In addition t o the preparation and promulgation of standards, BSI available from BSI Enquiry Section at Milton Keynes, telephone
offers specialist services including the provision of information 0908 221 166, telex 825777.
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to Exporters; and other services. Advice can be obtained from the Information on all BSI publications is in the BSI Catalogue,
Enquiry Section, BSI, Milton Keynes MK14 6LE, telephone supplementedeach month by BSI News which is available to
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Copyright. Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright revisions, amendments and withdrawn standards. Any person who,
subsists in all BSI publications. NO part of this publication may be when making use of a British Standard, encounters an inaccuracy or
reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ambiguity, is requested to notify BSI without delay in order that
--`,`````,````,`,``,,,`,,`,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Lloyds Register of Shipping
Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical London Regional Transport
Committee ISM/12, upon which the following bodies were National Association of Steel Stockholders
represented: North East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders
BEAMA Ltd. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. Steel Construction Institute
British Railways Board Welding Institute
British Steel Industry
County Surveyors' Society The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the
Department of the Environment (Construction Industries . standard, through subcommittees and panels:
Dlrectorate) British Gas
Department of Transport Engineering Equipment and Material Users' Association
Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Coopted members
Institution of Structural Engineers
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date of issue Text affected
British Standards Institution . 2 Park Street London W I A 2BS Telephone 01-629 9000 Telex 266933
---
8909 -8-1 Bk-dWD
--
ICM/12
/-?--- 7. 01:26:39 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
-
u-o - . Amendment No. 1
AMD 6750
u
1
u
b " b
m
I published and effective from 30 September 1991
toBS7191 : 1989
Specification for weldable structural steels for fixed

offshore structures
Correction
1MD 6750 Table 1O Chemical composition for sections

September 1991
In note (7),delete 'maximum' and substitute 'minimum'.
1109-0.7k-B ISM/I 2
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___

British Standard Specification for

Weldable structural steels for

Aciers de construction soudables pour structures fixes en mer - Spécification

Schweißbare Baustähle für stationare Bauten im küstennahen Bereich

British Standards Institution

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction

in the form of a procurement specification and is intended

Section one. General

4.2 Options 6 Supply condition (see also option B.6)

7.3 Carbon equivalent value (CEV) 9 Quality of finished steel

25 mm in thickness. NOTE. Unless specified by the purchaser a t the time of ordering,

Table 1. Maximum product CEV for plates, sections and

I Grade I MaxirnumCEV I Thickness

11 Marking 11.2 Colour coding

11.3 Protective coatings

Marking ( white paint 1 -

Marking I white paint 1 1

Colour o f band (SI according

12 Test certificates In addition to items (a) to (f), the analysis of residual

Section two. Specific requirementsfor dimensional and shape

15 Tolerances for plates I Table 3. Width tolerances for plates

Table 4. Thickness tolerances for plates

Ordered thickness Width of plate (in mm)

Up to and Over 2 O00 Over 2 500 Over 3 O00 Over 3 500

L is the length of plate

Figure 4. Edge camber of plates (see 15.5)

Table 5. Normal flatness tolerances for plates

I Length I Maximum number of ripples/corrugations

(d) The flatness tolerance shall, in all cases, be measured

Section three. Specific requirementsfor testing

17 Selectionand identificationof test 19.2 Position of samples

COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards 13

22 Number of impact tests 24.2 Material 20 mm thick and over

24 Impact test pieces

COPYRIGHT 2003; British/--

Figure 5. Lo ation of impact test pieces

27 Retests 27.2.2 Products testedon a thicknessrange basis (see 22.1.1

Appendix A. Comparison between grades in this standard and BS 4360

This standard BS 4360

Grade Charpy Grade Tensile Minimum Charpy

355D 4901640 355 -20* 50DD 4901640 355 -30

450EM 550-700 450 -40t 55 F 5501700 450 -60

This standard BS 4360

Minimum Charpy Grade Tensile

N/mm2 Nlmm' 40 J at N/mm2 N/mm2 "C

4901640 355 -20 50E 4901640

*Charpy specimens orieo ted parallel t o principal rolling direction.

N/mm ' Nlmm' a

2750 4301580 275 43 D 4301580 275 -2 o

355D 4901640 355 -20 50 D 4901640 355 -20

450EM 5501700 450 55EE 5501700 150 -50

*Charpy specimens orientated parallel to the seamless tubular axis,

Appendix B. Options (see 4.2)

B.3 Reduction ratios B.6 Alternative supply condition

At the time of the enquiry and order the manufacturer

6.9.3 Retention of test samples B.13 Test certificatesfor ex-mill supply

8.9.4 Data reporting B.14 Length and width tolerancesfor

B.15 Thickness tolerancesfor plates: all