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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Direct Variation
Mathematics - Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Direct Variation
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Direct Variation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module is an instrumental material to be used by the learners in
the Public Schools. It is an initiative way to cope-with the goals of
continuing the education despite of the present situation.
It contains nine learning stages; each lesson always starts with the
presentation of Mathematical Concepts. From there the lesson
progresses through various well- rounded mathematical exercises.
The content of these exercises has been structured to suit not only
the age level of the learner but also his experiences at home and
in school. What the learner learned in the previous stages were
reinforced by the next stage. And the last stage is the Reflection,
this is a wall were learners will write his understanding about the
lesson.
As facilitator, you are expected to impart the learners on how to
use this module. It is also expected to track and record learners’
progress while allowing them to manage on their own pace. Lastly,
you are expected to guide and assist the learners as they engaged
the exercises in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module on Direct
Variation.
This module was pattern to help you, learners, to achieve better
learning outcome and become prepared for the next grade level.
This is an approach that allows you leaners to express and solve
mathematical problems in a meaningful and easiest way.

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 Lesson

1 Direct Variation

Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the process on solving problems involving direct
variation.

After going through this module the learner is expected to:

• Illustrates situations that involve direct variations:
• Translates into variation statement a relationship between two
quantities given by: (a) a table of values, (b) a mathematical
equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa.
• Solves problem involving direct variation.

Let Us Try!

Solve the following proportions by solving for the unknown values of

n.
Example:

We multiply 2 and 4 or
apply cross
multiplication

𝒏 𝟒 𝒏 𝟒 𝟖
𝟐
= 𝟖
→ 𝟐
= 𝟖
𝒏=
𝟖
→𝒏=𝟏

𝒏 𝟏𝟓
1. = n=
𝟔 𝟏𝟖

𝒏 𝟏𝟔
2. = n=
𝟑 𝟐𝟒

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 𝟑 𝒏
3. = n=
𝟓 𝟏𝟓

𝟏 𝒏
4. = n=
𝟐 𝟖

𝒏 𝟏𝟎
5. = n=
𝟐 𝟐𝟎

Let Us Study

In your lower years in Mathematics, you learned that the mathematical

equation established normally with two quantities. One of this is the
constant. Constant is the number that doesn’t change in the equation. The
other quantity is the variable which can be change at anytime in different
situations. The changing of value variable is called as variation.

There are four types of variation.

➢ Direct Variation
➢ Inverse Variation
➢ Joint Variation
➢ Combine Variation

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DIRECT VARIATION
“Workers’ Wage”

The wages for a job are paid at an hourly rate. If an hour of job will
pay $20, how much will be the wage for 4 hours of worked.
Take a look on the table below
Hours 1 2 3 4
worked(x)
Salary(y) $20 $40 $60 n

Questions to ponder:
1.What have you notice about the trend of the table?
2. If you will divide each pair of ordered pair what
could be the common quotient?

Draw a graph that shows the relationship between the number of hours and
salary.

Plot the following ordered pairs in a Cartesian plane.

A(1,20), B(2,40), C(3,60)
Noticed the graph in the right
1. The direction of the graph is increasing.

2. It is a straight line.

3. The graph passes the origin (0, 0).

Hence this type of relationship is a direct variation

More hours worked → More Salary

Solution:
The table and graph shows that as the number of hours worked
increases, the salary also increases, Hence it is a direct variation.

If per hour will pay you $20, then how much will be your salary if you render
4 hours of worked?

It can be translated as: If y varies directly as x and y = $20 when x = 1 hr.,

what is the value of y when x = 4 hrs.

Step 1: Copy the original form of 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥

direct variation.
Step 2: Substitute the given 20 = 𝑘(1)
value of x and y to find the value
of k.
Step 3: Simplify 20 = k

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 The direct variation equation is y = 20x
Step 5: Find y when x = 4 and k 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 → 𝑦 = (20)(4)
= 20
Step 6: Simplify y = 80
∴ In 4 hours of worked the salary will be $80.

Example 2:
If r varies directly as d, and d = 9 when r = 15, find r when d = 33.

This problem can be written as r = kd as the general equation of direct

variation, where k is the constant of variation.
Solution:

Step1: Copy the general equation of

r = kd
direct variation.
Step 2: Substitute the given values of
15 = k(9)
r and d to solve for k.
Step 3: Simplify 15
=
𝑘(9)
→
5
=k
9 9 3
Step 4: Solve for r when d = 33 and k 5
5 r = kd → r = (3)(33)
=3 Think of this. Can

Step 5: Simplify r = 55 we have the value

of k as 0?
Note: We can also use other letters for variables to assign for our x and y

Example 3:
Sometimes variables are referred to as being ‘directly proportional to
one another. Variation is a synonym for proportion. It’s much easier to solve
for an unknown when the equation is in the form of proportion.

𝑥1 𝑦1
=
𝑥2 𝑦2
If y varies directly with x, and y = 6 when x = 15, find y when x = 25.
Let’s assign variables.
x1 = 15, y1 = 6, x2 = 25, y2 = ?
Using the given proportion
𝑥1 𝑦1 15 6 Cross
= → = Multiplication
𝑥2 𝑦2 25 𝑦2
y2(15) = (25)(6)
150
y2 = 15

y2 = 10

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Read and analyze the following word problems.

1. Given that j varies directly as b, and j = 30 when b = 6, what is the value

of j when b = 100?
The problem can be written in general equation as: j = kb
Solution:
Step 1: Write the direct variation equation
j = kb
Step 2: Plug in the given values of j and b to solve for k.
j = 30, b = 6
30 = k(6)
Step 3: Solve for the value of k
30 𝑘(6)
= Divide both sides by 6 to eliminate 6 on
6 6
right side.
k=5
Hence the equation of direct variation is j = 5b
Step 4: Solve for the value of a when b = 100 and k = 5
j = 5b
j = 5(100)
j = 500

2. Word problem
The cost of a taxi fare varies directly as the distance travelled. When the
distance is 4 km, the cost is P32.00. Find the cost when the distance is 6 km.
This problem shows a direct variation
More distance travelled → More Cost
Solution:
Let C = cost of taxi fare
d = distance travelled
If C = P32 when d = 4km, what is the value of C when d = 6km.?

Solve for k
C = kd → 32 =k(4)
32 𝑘(4)
[4 = ]
4

8 = k or k = 8
Hence the equation of direct variation is C =8d
Solve for C when d = 6 km and k = 8.
C = kd → C =(8)(6)
C = 48 ∴It will cost P48.00 when the distance travelled is 6 km.

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 Let Us Practice
Direction: Given the table solve for the unknown value n found in
column y. Identify the value of k and write the equation of direct variation in
the form of y = kx.

1.

x y

3 6

5 10
7 14
9 n = ____
What is their common
k = ______ Equation: ______
quotient when divided
the pair of data set?

2.

x y

-4 1

-8 2

n = ____ 3

k = ______ Equation: ______

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 Let Us Practice More

A. Tell whether the equation represents a direct variation in the form

of y = kx. Write DV if it shows direct variation & write NDV if not. If it is a
direct variation, identify the constant of variation (k).

1) y = 3x ______ k = ____

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2) y = ______ k = ____
𝑥

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3) y = − 2 𝑥 ______ k = ____

4) x + y = 7 ______ k = ____

5) y = 2x ______ k = ____

B. Solve the following direct variation problems.

9 𝑦
1. =
5 15
3 6
2. =
7 𝑑
𝑟 3
3. =
4 6

4. T varies directly with V. If T = -4 when V = 2, find T when V = -6.

5. If x varies directly as y, and x = 9 when y = 6, find x when y = 15

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 Let Us Remember
Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Select your answer
inside the box.

origin proportion direct decreases

constant variation increases straight

1. The ___________ of a variation or ‘k’ is the ratio that cannot be changed of

two variable quantities.

2. A ________ variation is a type of variation in which the relationship

between two quantities with a constant ratio.

3. The graph of direct variation passes the ________ .

4. As the quantity of x increases the quantity of y _________.

5. Direct variation is synonymous to __________.

Let Us Assess

Solve the following direct variation problem by identifying the

unknown values. Show your complete solution.

65 𝑥
1. =
5 9

2. If y varies directly as x and y = 28 when x = 7, find y when x = 15.

3. Suppose v varies directly as g, & v = 36 when g = 4. Find v when g = 11

4. The number of kilograms of water in a human body varies directly as

the mass of the body. A 96-kg person contains 64 kg of water. How many kilo
grams of water are in a 60-kg person?

5. Roger works at a flower shop and he notices that the more flowers people
buy, the more chocolates are sold too. If Roger sells 45 chocolates when 90
flowers are sold, how many chocolates does he sell if 100 flowers are sold?

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 Let Us Enhance
Arnold can finish typing 2 journals every hour. Complete the table &
graph the direct variation equation that shows the trend of Arnold’s
work performance.

Time (t) in No. of

hours Journal (j)

0
.

1 2

Let Us Reflect
Share your thoughts about our lesson for this module

3 things you have learned today.

•
•
•
2 things you want to know more about direct variation.

•
•
1 thing you can apply your learnings about direct variation in
your life.

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Let Us Enhance Let Us Assess
Time Journal
0 0 1. x = 117
1 2 2. x = 60
2 4 3. v = 99
3 6 4. 40 kg of water
4 8 5. 50 chocolates
Let Us Practice Let Us
More Practice!
Let Us Remember A.
1. DV, k = 3 1.n = 18
1. constant 2. NDV k=2
2. direct 3. DV, k= -1/2 eq: y = 2x
3. origin 4. NDV
4. increases 5. DV k = 2 2. n = -12
5. proportion k = -4
B. eq: y = -4x
1. y = 27 Let Us Try!
2. y = 14
1. 5
2. 2
3. x = 2 3. 9
4. 4
4. T = 12 5. 1
5. x = 15
Answer key to Activities
 References

Coursehero.com. (2020). Direct Variation Worksheets.Pdf - Direct Variation Worksheet 1

Which Equation Is Not An Example Of A Direct Variation A 1 B C Y = 4X D Y =-9X 2
Which | Course Hero. [online] Retrieved from:
<https://www.coursehero.com/file/34701035/Direct-Variation-Worksheetspdf/>
[Accessed 20 October 2020].
Department of Education. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module. Pages 194 – 200
PEARCE, K., (2018). 4.1 Direct Variation | Linear Equations | MPM1D Grade 9 Academic
Math. [online] Tap Into Teen Minds. Retrieved from:
<https://tapintoteenminds.com/mpm1d-resources/4-1-direct-variation/>
[Accessed 20 October 2020].
“What Is Variation: Direct Variation: Indirect Variation: Joint Variation.” Math Only Math.
Accessed October 20, 2020. https://www.math-only-math.com/what-is-
variation.html.
https://www.clipartmax.com/middle/m2H7K9Z5d3K9Z5N4_microsoft-word-clip-art-
stick-man-thinking-clipart/
https://www.geogebra.org/graphing

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: [email protected]

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