DEPARTME “7 EDUCATION Mathematics Quarter 1 - Module 3: Arithmetic Means and n‘* Term of an Arithmetic SequenceWhat I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. This will help you determine arithmetic means and n‘" term of an arithmetic sequence. The scope of this module will be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course but how you read and answer this module is dependent on your ability. After going through this module, you are expected to be able to demonstrate knowledge and skill related to sequence and apply these in solving problems. Specifically, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. write a formula for the n‘ term of an arithmetic sequence, use the formula to find the n‘ term or unknown term of an arithmetic sequence, define arithmetic means, and determine arithmetic means of a sequence.What I Know Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose the letter of your answer from the given options. Take note of the items that you are not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 7, 10, 13, 16, . . . is 304? a.99% term —_b. 100% term c. 111 term d. 102" term. 2. Find the n‘ term of the arithmetic sequence given the following conditions ay=2 d=3 n=9 a. 26 b. 27 ©. 28 d.29 3. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 2, 6, 10,..... is 102? a. 20" term —b. 25" term c. 30" term d. 35" term 4. If three arithmetic means are inserted between -15 and 9, find the first of these arithmetic means. a.3 b. -3 ©. -6 d.-9 5. Find the 21* term of the arithmetic sequence 6, 9, 12, 15,... a. 61 b. 60 ©. 62 d. 66 6. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 8 and 16, find the second arithmetic mean. a. 10 b. 12 14 4.16 7. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 4 3 seep vee 8-27? a, 9" term b, 20% term c. 41" term d. 46 term 8. What is the arithmetic mean between 10 and 24? a. 18. b. 19 c. 16 d.179. What is the 10" term of the following arithmetic sequence: -5, -1, 3, 7, 11,...? a. 31 b. 19 ©. 27 d. 22 10. Insert two arithmetic means between V2 and 4 V2. Which of the following is the first arithmetic mean? a. v2 b. 2v2 c. 3v2 b. 4v2 11. Ifa; = -4 and ays = a. -104 b. -150 c. -316 d. -400 100. Find ayoo? 12. If a3 = 8 and ays = 47 and a is the k* term of the sequence and a, = 212, then what is the value of k? a.61 b. 71 ©. 81 4.91 13. Insert 2 arithmetic means between 3 and 30. a. 12,14 b. 10, 11 c. 14, 22 d. 12, 30 14. After one second, a rocket is 30 ft above the ground. After another second, it is 85 feet above the ground. Then after another second, it is already 140 feet above the ground. If it continues to rise at this rate, how many feet above the ground will the rocket be after 16 seconds? a. 780 ft b. 830 ft c. 855 ft d. 910 ft 15. 2.An object is dropped from a plane and falls 32 feet during the first second. For each succeeding second, it falls 40 feet more than the distance covered in the preceding second. How far has it fallen after 11 seconds? a. 118 feet b. 120 feet c. 115 feet d. 112feetFinding the n‘" Term of an Arithmetic Sequence @ What’s In In the previous module, we define arithmetic sequence and give the next term by adding a constant number. For example: Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence: 3, 8, 13, 18, ... Solution a, The terms are a: = 3, az = 8, a3 = 13, and ay = 18. So, we will be finding as, a6, and a7. b. The common difference (d) in the sequence is 5 To get the next three terms, add 5 to each of the preceding term. Thus: as =ay+5=18+5=23 a =ast+5=23+5=28 a7 =as+5=28+5=33 What about if the problem is to find the 100" term or the 250" term? Can you find the terms? Using the process that is illustrated above will take much of your time and effort. There is a short cut in doing this and that is one of the focus of this module.What’s New Before we find other higher terms of a sequence, let us first find lower terms. In the arithmetic sequence: 3, 8, 13, 18,...; what is the 15 term? Solution: a. By adding the common difference to each of the preceding terms, we get the following values. n/i/2/3][4[5][6][7][ 8] 9 [10/11/12] 13] 14] 15 3] aa | 3 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 23 | 28 [33 | 38 | 43 | 48 58 | 63 | 68 | 73 b. Thus, the 15" term is 73. However, using this procedure to get any higher n‘ term would be tedious. Thus, a formula is necessary to find any n‘* term. What is It Let us investigate on how to determine the n‘ term of a sequence. In the table: a=3 a2=345 as=34+5+5 ag= 3454545 B+5+54+5454+5+5+54+5+5+5+54+5 B+5+54+54+54+54+5+54+5+54+5+54545 B+5+54+54+54+5+5+54+5+5+5+54+5+5+5These terms can be written in the following manner as a short cut. a=3 3 a2 = 3+5 (1) 8 a2=3+5 (2) 13 as=3+5 (3) 18 ais=3+5 (12) =63 aw=3+5(13) = 68 ais =3+5 (14) 73 ‘Thus, if we find for the 16" term of the arithmetic sequence, then ais = 3 + 5 (15) = 78. We can conclude that using the pattern observed the n' term of the sequence is an = a; + d (n-1), where ay is the term that corresponds to n‘* position, ai is the first term, and d is the common difference. ‘The n® term of an arithmetic sequence with first term a: and common difference d is given by: ay = ai +d (n-1) What’s More Let us apply this formula in solving the following: A. Find the 21* term of the arithmetic sequence: 6, 9, 12, 15,... Solution: a. From the sequence, a; = 6 , d= 3, and n = 21 Using the formula, substitute these values. ay = 6 +3 (21-1) ap, = 6 +3 (20) an = 6 + 60 an = 66 c. Thus, the 21" term is 66.In the arithmetic sequence: 7, 10, 13, 16, . . .; find n if an = 304 Solution: a. From the sequence, a: = 7, d= 3, and a, = 304. b. Using the formula, substitute these values. an = ar +d (n-1) 304 =7+3(n-1) 304-7 +3n-3 304=4+3n 300 = 3n n= 100 c. Thus, 304 is the 100" term of the sequence. The 3 term of an arithmetic sequence is 8 and the 16" term is 47. Find d, a; and the 71* term. Solution: a. From the sequence, as = 8 and ais = 47 b. These imply that: ag= ai +d (3-1) are ar td (16-1) 8 =a; +d (3-1) 47 =a; +d (16-1) B=at2d Eq AT=a,+15d Eq. 2 c. Using Eq. 1 and Eq. 2, solve for a; and d. By subtracting Eq. 2 by Eq. 1, then: 47 =a, + 15d (8 =a) + 2d) 39 = 13d d To solve for a:, substitute d = 3 to either Eq. 1 or Eq. 2. Using Eq. 1: B= a: + 2(3) B=ait6 ay=2 Thus, the n" term of the arithmetic sequence is ax = 2 + 3(n-1) d. Using a, = 2 + 3(n-1), we can solve for the 71° term. an = 2+ 3(71-1) an = 2 + 3(70) an=2+210 an = 212Alternative Solution: Another way to solve d is to use the difference formula: d= nok Given: ay = a3 = 8; = 3 and ap = ays = 47; n= 16 47-8 Thus, d= == D. After one second, a rocket is 30 ft above the ground. After another second, it is 85 feet above the ground. Then after another second, it is already 140 feet above the ground. If it continues to rise at this rate, how many feet above the ground will the rocket be after 16 seconds? Solution: a. From the problem we let the given be 40 b. Find first d by substituting the given value of a and a, in the formula then simplify. ay = a; +d (n-1) 85= 30 +d (2-1) 55-d c. To find ays, the unknown in the problem substitute the obtained value of d and the given value of a,in the formula then simplify. aie = a: + d (16-1) 30 + 55 (16-1) = 855 d. Thus, the rocket will b 855 ft above the ground after 16 seconds. Assessment: A, Find the specified n‘* term of each arithmetic sequence. 1, 2, 5, 8, ...5 9" term 2. 3,57, ...3 20" term 16" term 4.5, 11, 17, 5. 26, 22, 18, 6. 103" term of the arithmetic sequence if a, = -5 and d = -4 87. 19" term of the arithmetic sequence if a, = 25 and d = 8. 25" term of the arithmetic sequence if a; =? and d = 3. B. Solve what is asked. 1. In the sequence 2, 6, 10, ...; find n if the nth term is 102. 2. In the sequence 3, , &, ...; find n if the nth term is -27. 3. Find the15* term of the sequence if ag = 5 and az; = -60 4. Find 5t* term of the sequence if a5 = 29 and ayy = 47 S.1f a= 4, a5 = — 100, what is the value of azoo ? OE What I Have Learned Let us see if you understood our lesson by answering the following questions. 1. State the general formula of finding the n™ term of an arithmetic sequence. 2. Given an arithmetic sequence, how do we find the common difference? 3. Given two different n‘* terms of an arithmetic sequence, how do we find for the common difference? s @QGy t, ( A. Give what is asked: What I Can Do 1. The 10" term of the arithmetic sequence if a; = -15 and d = 6 2. The 39% term of the arithmetic sequence if a, = 40 and d ;B. Find the specified term of each arithmetic sequence. 1. 1.4, 4.5, 7.6, ...; The 41% term 9, 18, 27,...; the 23° term 14, 6, -2,...5 27" term 3, 3.25, 3.5,...5 1,4, 7. sown 16" term, a 28" term C. Find the specified term. ___1. In the sequence: 0.12, 0.17, 0.22, ...; find n if the nth term is 67? 2. In the sequence: 10, 7, 4, ...; what term has a value of -296? 3. In the sequence: 2, 6, 10, 14, what n corresponds to an= 286? 4. Find 1* term of the sequence if 26 and ay, = 47 5. If ay = 85 , and apg = 100 , what is a;? Computing Arithmetic Means What’s In In the previous lesson, you learned how to determine the n‘* term of an arithmetic sequence. For example: In the sequence: 10, 15, 20, 25,...; what term has a value of 385? Solution a. Using the formula, a, = a; + d(n 1): 385 = 10+5(n-1) 385 = 10+ 5n-5 385 = 5n+5 5n = 385-5 5n = 380 n=76 10b. Thus, 385 is the 76" term of the given sequence. The next lesson intends to discuss with you how to compute arithmetic means. What’s New The focus of this module has something to do with finding the arithmetic means. For example: In the sequence: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24; find its arithmetic means. Solution: a. The arithmetic mean is a term between the first term and the last term. b. Thus, 8, 12, 16, and 20 are the arithmetic means of the sequence because these terms are between 4 and 24, which are the first and last term, respectively. What is It The first and last terms of a finite arithmetic sequences are called arithmetic extremes, and the terms in between are called arithmetic means. In the sequence 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24; the terms 4 and 24 are the arithmetic extremes, while 8, 12, 16, and 20 are the arithmetic means. Also, 8 is the arithmetic mean of the arithmetic extremes, 4 and 12. The arithmetic mean between two numbers is sometimes called the average of two numbers. If more than one arithmetic means will be inserted between two arithmetic extremes, the formula for d, which is , can be used, The formula for d can be used to find the arithmetic means if more than one arithmetic means will be inserted between two arithmetic extremes. ay = AK rnLet’s Try! A. What is the arithmetic mean between 10 and 24? Solution a. Using the average formula, get the arithmetic mean of 10 and 24. b. Thus, “** = 17 is the arithmetic mean. Activity 1: Using the example above, solve for the arithmetic mean of each of the pairs of arithmetic extremes. Insert three arithmetic means between 8 and 16. Solution: a. If three arithmetic means will be inserted between 8 and 16, then ai= 8 and as = 16. b. Using the formula for d, compute for the common difference. ga Ta LT _ 16-8 _B_S “n-k 5-1 5-1 4 The arithmetic means are ag, as, and as. ag-ai+d=8+2=10 ag = ag +d=10+2=12 age ag+d=12+2=14 d. Thus, the three arithmetic means between the arithmetic extremes, 8 and 16, are 10, 12, and 14. Insert two arithmetic means between V2 and 4V2 Solution: If two arithmetic means will be inserted between V2 and 4V2, then. ai= v2 and as = 4v2. b. Using the formula for d, compute for the common difference. 4v2-v2_ 3v2 3 12c. The arithmetic means are az and as ap =ait+d=v2 + v2 = 2v2 as = ag + d= Qv2 + v2 = 3v2 ‘Thus, the two arithmetic means between v2 and 4y2 are 2V2 and 3v2. D. Find the missing terms of the arithmetic sequence: , 6, ——, 30. Solution: a. The arrangement of the terms tells that ap = 6 and as = 30. We are supposed to find for a1, as, and as. b. To find for the unknown, determine the common difference (4). ay — a a _ 30-6 _24_ n=-k 5-2 5-2 3 c. Thus, the value of a2, as, and as are: ag-d=6-8=-2 aj=ao+d=6+8=14 as+d=14+8=22 a Activity 2: Find the missing terms of the following sequence What’s More Let’s Do It! A. What is the arithmetic mean between the two given arithmetic extremes? 1. 5 and 19 2. 3x2 +8and x*-6 133. -2and 58 4, 2x + 3y and x- Sy 5. 13.8 and 15.6 B. Insert the specified number of arithmetic means between the two given arithmetic extremes. 1. Three arithmetic means between 2 and 22. 2. Four arithmetic means between 8 and 23. 3. Two arithmetic means between 41 and 95. 4. Two arithmetic means between -5 and 1. 5. Two arithmetic means between 97 and 172. C. Find the missing terms of each arithmetic sequence: 1 7 9 1 201 st 3. 8 + » 20 4. OE What I Have Learned SS Answer the following questions: 1. How do we find the arithmetic mean of two arithmetic extremes? 2. When two or more arithmetic means are inserted between two arithmetic extremes, how are they computed? Do infinite sequences have arithmetic means? Why? 14s @QGy t, ( A. What is the arithmetic mean between the given arithmetic extremes? What I Can Do 1.19 and 7 3 2. Sandt 3. 15x and 23x 4. 9V3 and 11v3 5. 6 - 7V7 and 2 + 3v7 B. Insert the specified number of arithmetic means between the given arithmetic extremes. 1. Three arithmetic means between 18 and 92. 2. Three arithmetic means between -14 and 6. 3. Four arithmetic means between 24 and -8. 4. Five arithmetic means between 6 and -18. 5. Two arithmetic means between 2V5_ and 14y5. C. Find the missing terms of each arithmetic sequence: 1.x, Ox 2. 31,__,_, 85 3. 4.x, lix 5, 15Assessment Choose the letter of your answer from the given options. Write your answer on a separate paper. 1. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, ... is 409? a. 99" term b. 100% term —c. 111" term —d. 102" term 2. Find the n‘ term of the arithmetic sequence given the following conditions a=5 d-5 n=25 a, 25" term=115 b, 25t term=125 c¢. 25" term=120 d. 25% term=130 3. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17,..... is 401? a.99'%term —b. 100" term c. 111" term d. 112" term 4, If three arithmetic means are inserted between -15 and 9, find the first of these arithmetic means. a.3 b. -3 6 d.-9 5. Find the 20* term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, a.81 b. 80 ©. 82 d. 87 6. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 11 and 39, find the second arithmetic mean. a. 18 b. 25 ©. 32 d. 46 7. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 4, 1, -2, -5, ... is -29? a. 9" term b. 10 term. c. 11" term d. 12" term 8. What is the arithmetic mean between 15 and 40? a. 28.5 b. 29 ©. 26 4.27.5 9. What is the 8" term of the following arithmetic sequence: -5, -1, 3, 7, a. 23 b. 19 ©. 27 d. 22 10. Which of the following is an arithmetic mean between 2-V3 and 4 - V3? b. 3- v3 b. 3- 2v3 ©. 3+ V3 b. 3+ 23 11. Ifa; = -3 and as = 5. Find ayo? a.l4 b. 15 ©. 16 4.17 1612. If a3 = 11 and as = 7 and ay is the k‘® term of the sequence and a, = then what is the value of k? all b. 12 ©. 13 4.14 13. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 8 and 16. b. 10, 12, 14 b. 9, 10, 11 ©.9, 11,13 d. 12, 15, 16 14. After one second, a rocket is 40 ft above the ground. After another second, it is 95 feet above the ground. Then after another second, it is already 150 feet above the ground. If it continues to rise at this rate, how many feet above the ground will the rocket be after 16 seconds? a. 780 ft b. 830 ft c. 855 ft d. 865 ft 15. Jose is the track and field representative of the Municipal NHS for the provincial meet. He begins training by running 5 miles during the first week, 6.5 miles during the second week, and 8 miles on the third week. If his training pattern continues, how far will he run on the tenth week? a. 18.5 miles b. 20 miles c. 21.5 miles d. 23 miles fo} eg woe (xy Additional Activity SS Solve the following word problems correctly. Give what is asked, 1. You have accepted a job with a salary of P27,000.00 a month during the first year. At the end of each year, you receive a P1,500.00 raise. What is your monthly salary during the first six years? 2. An object is dropped from a plane and falls 32 feet during the first second. For each succeeding second, it falls 40 feet more than the distance covered in the preceding second. 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