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Os QB 2

The document discusses different types of schedulers used in operating systems. There are three main types of schedulers: long term schedulers, short term schedulers, and medium term schedulers. Long term schedulers manage program queues and select processes for memory execution. Short term schedulers, also called CPU schedulers, allocate CPU time to processes to boost system performance. Medium term schedulers handle swapped out processes to enable process swapping.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
88 views17 pages

Os QB 2

The document discusses different types of schedulers used in operating systems. There are three main types of schedulers: long term schedulers, short term schedulers, and medium term schedulers. Long term schedulers manage program queues and select processes for memory execution. Short term schedulers, also called CPU schedulers, allocate CPU time to processes to boost system performance. Medium term schedulers handle swapped out processes to enable process swapping.

Uploaded by

Aryan Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PAGE No.

DATE

09. Quesfon Bonk


Servlces
Exp Opexatng Ssicm Opehaficns and
An 0Pexaning g4sjenm p0oVides SeðVcesp both useds_and to
he puoxämgas
pXoides picgxamS An_envAonment tp execce
3 pxovides sexs he gexvirea pexecute he ogams
ina Coryeniet manner

exices 0ovided bs_he 05


Paagam execution 2: 10 opexationsS
(ommLnicafion_
3 file Sysfem Man+pulafion
Alloation 7-Peofechon.
5 ExADy defecfion 6: KesoUkce

: Koganm execufon-(0 Loads Apaogxam into memosu


eues dhe pmgxam
px0gàam execuon ethex noimalls OR
Handle he
ahnlomalls indfcafing an exaox

2 0 Opexahon- I0 Oeaon_ means Hoad oR_uije


anule og any 3pe.cii I0 devre
opeaation_uilh
YegiqeA_
Cpexafmg 9usjem povides he access to he
TI0_deve uhen S0quf9ed
Paogaam needs sead a e
ie pSusknm manipulafion-(
OR w9iHe Ple only,_9ead-4eie ,denied
Peamiasion Vafer 2omDead
And Soon
nteerfateto dhe vse p CHeate OR delete fle
DOS pazuides_and to Ceajo he back op_a
also_povidea 0n oteaace
le Suslem
PAGE No./
DATE

hCommunitafion -(? o paoeSse3 cen eguiees data


p be ansfezaed betuieen hem
Bath the pocessea Cunbeon one lompufea oX on_
_dYfexent omputeasbut azo_Connecded jo diosea
ComputeA nefuoak
Lonmunicafion may be_done by tuwo methods ethey by
Sha9ted_ Mema u OR by message pOIsging-

5 EXnx handeling- he 09 Consstantly Checks pX possible_


he 0S akes an appaopaioteAGion n_ensusie Coaet
and Consistent Computing
6 ResouACe Manggement- Ghe 09 manage A kinds o
q0s00ce Ung Schedulens
CeC Scheduling algoshihmg 00 sedD hetlex

7Paotection-(0:S ensuse Thott all_acess 0 9qsjem


91e80v& e is Contolled
TalGo ensusLez hat exenal I devite) Am_a9o
paDdecded om invalfd eccess Hempls
R09ph0ufdes Ajhentitafion eatue j69 eath Usex bs
Meana OF possLnuds
PAGE NJ
DATE /7

2 ExpSusjem_alls and fts types.

A_system all hepIngmammafic uay n twhfch_a computex


XogkamHequests 9eaVice_4om he kerne_of he_0S
a execoted on
2A Sysem callS A y a Dogams o inteact_with_0S
3 System call panlides he SeHvitek_ohe 0:S to 4he usex
Via Appliration Pingaum Infsizate (AeT)_
upes o &usfem alls
PaacessContHol2 Me managemet 3 JeuYte management
Tnfokmation Mofntenance ommunicatfon

Pxacess lontaol-0 lhese System_calls a9o Hesponsble _pr


AocesG CHeation 0oCOSS mínafon et.

klindows CxeatePhocess() rk
Ex1Pocess(
lalaitfoxSalebheckl Jala+C)_

2 le management-lhese Sisem Calls_490 9spornsihle fúz


le mantpulafion uch 08 (eatiha e, Heading aie-
w nga fle. et
Management_iklincdous-heate Fite ebx pen
dendC
ReadFle
ulafteFlel 9fte0
closeC)
ClseHondle)
PAGE No.
DATE

3 Device Hanagoment-hese S 0 9egponsihlef deuce


ManipLlaion 9ach 09 eading hom device bffes
wngip_deuice bufeqs etc
1indowS SetConcole Hode Liny-ioct()
Readhnsole) ead )
LJotelonsoleC) eiteC)
4. Intonmaion Hofntenan.coheao Sc Ate
handle info9mation
Gnc tsHansie_betuneen 09 And fhe use
Dngaam
Alndows GettiaxentPaccessTD) nUy- gelpidC
SetEnexL alatmO
Sleep) Sleep
G bmmunicafon-hese c_09o
Usefu
Commonfcation lheu alsD deal ufthontMOLess
CHoafing and deleti
Communcation (onncHon
inclosS Coeade fpe 0_ intz Äpe0_
(henteFle Hapfng) ghmge)
Hapeuw OF ErteC)_ mmapl)
PAGE N.
DATE

3 Exp System boqnams


System pogzamsMOVIde_G onenfent enuiHonmont
enuitonment bx
noogaamdevelopment nd execution.
They Can be _divided inp
e manipulaffon 2 Status intoamatfon 3file modiaton
Prcgammng language upp09 5: (ômmunitations
6 Appliahfon patgbams

Ple manipulationmoanagement -(Greate_deleteopyQoname


pint dumplst and aenetally manîpulate a Gnd
dluec tasiies
Statug ingoamason-( Some ask ghe Rysiem ox inumatfon-
dole fme, amount 0 memoguy avatlable, disk spare ete
OtheAS_paduidea detafled neasoaMance, logging and de hogging
inpumation
RA As in is umatla and displayed on output devie
OR pinjecd

3 Rle modPtation- Fox moding he (ondents O_ilea we use


4his
R Fx Rle Stpied ondisks ogathex Stoeage deviteuQ_0se
diefeyentupes o edfiass
FOXSeastching Contents OEiles GR JHonshiskmation we DgR
spectal Commands

MOgamming langunge SoppoH- nx Common pioaamning


etc_uhich Q Ateadg-
anguage gwe OSo ompBleAZ Dehugets
obuided p he useks
wewe Con un Anu noigamning langoage
PAGE No./
DATE

5 Pacggam load+ngand Execufian- (i1Qhen_4he pHogiam Ys


ho
je Assembling and tompilabon, most be londed inb
A loadexs 4he_poa_oE he 0S which
Dx loading phogams nto memo0 fs_Y8ponsTble
G f a one ofhe esenfia
Stage j0 StaNhing_a paod
Gnd is xetufion
6 (ommuntratfions- PHouRde -he mechaniçm toL (9eating
R9AtualConnechon among 0HOcesse3, UseLS_and omputer
P
8usjem
0Se Can Send message in ancihex
Ose Can Send e-motlshMonsing se_oniheisi SCHCOn
oles betooen USE_ oN loeb pageB, JHansfeo

Some Camplea o ystempHOgAam n 0Sa0

HacOs
o aux

Andanîd
ec
N

Exp Opctatihg Syslem gducHue


AnAn_gpctaihg usfam_s a ConstausJhat alows. heusex
Gpplic afon poqaams so netact with he Yskm hoeaduche
2 Since he 0s a Such a omplex st9uctuAe_t Should be
C1ected lfh_imost Cage So I lan be used and madified
0asfly
Aeasy way odothis ia p Cgeate 4he 0S hth paets
HEachOhesepoqHs mus be el defned uth
cleo_Inpuds_outpLds and inchons
mple_stAuctiae-
:hete ate many0:S -hat have a Simple Str
lhese gtaStted as Smal 2sstem_and apidly expanded
muthuhea Jhon 4hela Stope
An example of he Ps M9-00s4idas SYimply designad
D ahiche Amount Opeople-
heae wa3 no îndiafion hat it ould become go popolas
Applicatiom Påogaam

System Pdogaam

MS-DOS Device Daives

ROM BTOS DEVICE Daivens|

MS DOS Stàoctune
PAGE No.
DATE

layened StuctuME
One oay n_achfeve modulaits nthe 0.SRyslem
dhe layeLed apphna ch.
Th 4h he hodtom_laye Hauduwate Gnd the
Dpmnst_iauee is he usex inface

NEI LAYER N
Opohatfons
Exstinga
OperatiasLAYER N-1

auenedSo Os
3 As seen_om the Ímageeoch ppe louees
hiâ{_ona
hebttom laye
A h e layes hide Some Stxuctukes opokaffons e
heP Lppe layeAS
SG One p9tohle m th his StucLe_s Pach lauex_most
be Cosehilly olened
hfs isnecesS AL because he ppe laye Can only
Use the finchonalfffes O4he layeag
belou hem
PAGENo.
DATE

5Exp:ypes o SchedulAs
A ehedulegss a iype OE System sofmahe
hat allous
2S
pMcess Schedulna.
You n handle

hexe aO Mainls 3 typesn


Long leam SchedolesS 2Shout legm Schedoles
3 Medium lexm Schedules
Long lem Sch-0Aso knonas oh Sch.
T9egulade3the pHogaam and Select_phocess fàom the
queue and lOads hem into memos Oexerution
RT T also equlateg multipMog9taming
he maîn qoa s to Oex balanced mfkof fobs
Pke PHocessox, I0 opsdhat Allows manaaing Molhpaogama
J

2Ahost Team Schedules- Also knoun as CPU 9chedole


AP hematn oalof hisis tp boost the aysfem pefamance
ACcOMclng to set C9HeAa
hs helps yOu p selecf_tHOm_a gioup _op9ocesse3
haf eeheady o executeand allocates CPUOneone Ohem

3Hedim Tosim chadulex- bR Scheduling ís an înpahtant


pOat of 9wapping
enmbles you fo handle the Swapped Out phocesse
n 4hfs_a uunnîng_poLeSS lan be Sospended
Suspended-DMDCeSStant make anypHOgue3s Duad
Lompletion
PAGENa.
DATE

6EpDSoLessStade Diagham.

Sehadulepispateh--

(New (Read) Crmpleies Teominätion)


(Ron
oDd

Sos
Kestne Request

Suspend mpleron Jalat


Read BloCk

sspert
PAa
HOtesSAOmplete
STAE DIAGRAH
Suspend

:Nou-- A poqtam uhich is going to pickad bp by


he 09 nto main memou ulled new pkOceSs
2 kead hen evA he pAQren is reated _diuectly
enfeis he eady State _nuhich it_uaits_neudhe
CPU to be assiined he 0S picks he ne ph0Le
atarom the Setondatuy momo.u and pot
into main memogu alof4hen
Rup- When the 0S_piks a pAocoss_GMm
erondatu
momaay And put them nto main momog_and
enk2 fato iaadu StaBe also Ceo s assfaned
hen
ho pioteSS nhe phase_of everution his % Cale
PAGE No

DATE

loek Iwoft-9HOm 910nDng Staje0p90cS_Can be


taapsfered_nto block OR walt 3ate dependefag.oponthe
heduling ORbehavíoUB O he pAoreas
5_bnplefon Tminatfon lhen aL090ezs_Snishe
exetohon t Comea în tAminatfpn staje. All4ée ontext
othe pocess il be deleted and t wiI be teinated
bythe OS

6 Sospend |Readq Ap9oCexs whichis na geaduy


gtate hich is moved D -he econdaseu memoy4hom-
he main memotu due to lack OF ResougceB_
1 SuSped wa? f Thstead O Yemoving he pHOcess
HOm dhe 9readlu 9vene fs beffen do temave
he blocked pHocesS Luhich_40 Luating th Some Hesaudte
in he main memo Snce g aloead Laîting
O Some 9o%009Ce avaflehle hence sbetfex
wa?inin the Secondau memo Sathe thonin main
Memo 4 and make Hoom ti ighe_p9foify_oR
Anothesi pOxess
Opoatfon on hepHOtess-
Cueation-Onco he pMaces; îs Coeatad f uill be oeads and
Come to_main memo.
SCheduling SelecHng he p9Otess uhich is o be oeruted
Nex t is kncwn as Schedulin
xetuhon- Once the phocess is cheduled t Ats eetuing
HDeletion RiRaq- Once the_puspose o h e p0cesss oe
hen theOS_RILKL he ocess
Ru
PAGENo.
DATE

7Exp. Cpeaahibns_on Paaess


lheexeCLffon oapopcess is a Compley GHVIRtu
fy Envol
a9ious opeafions Pre Creatfion (SchedulfngDspatl
i_Blocking 1 Paeeption ( leamination
C91eafon- T s the_initial CBage Step OF p9ncesSs
execuhion achvft
e Poress (9eation means Constucfion_of new pHOcess
fo execwton
3 (his_might be poomed by S4stem
ald p0o(ess self USA O2 b4

Scheduol?ngapatchîng- lhe actiufty in whfch the phocess


s Changed t8om 9edy o onniq
3fafe
Dkaichfng is done bu0S uhen the 9osovAce3 ao 1Hee
ey heCxecutfon o the p940cess
e Bloc king-|lalhen dhe
p9ocesstequistez
txom dhe (0se p exOCLHonhe0S Some 9esouhce
onfi the_ availabfiPry o he qesouscoBloccshe phocess
Blocitina is hasirally waiting phase
lemiaaton- lemfnation is an AHRRty_oF ending-
he ncOSS_
lhen he pOcess is Complefely Oxetuted
teminat ed
by the 0 hon ita
3 Pocess mau Aso Jet
gome eHOX
-detniinated by 0s if hows
PAGE No.

DATE

3Ep lotepaocess (ommuntation


ntepOress CoMmonicaion 1 he mechanïsm Ptovided
by dhe 0Shat ellows p9ocesses p lommunicate ufih
each ather
2The CoMmuni.affon would involve a 0Aoess letinq
AnothexpDeSs now dhaf Some event has_occuaed
OR 4he 49uansfesaing Odafa hom one to anothe
TnteopoOCess
Poocess PL Communicafion Paocess P2
Synchdontzatfon Irtegpiocoss_lommuntation.
Sunchonzation s Gr mp _pouth Ihtao Comm.
s eithe aodedbs PatApJDcens_Conteol mechanisn
OR handled by 4he (ommunfcating pAOces
Some methods
Semaphose- Hs _a a9iablehat Contoo ls he aCess_
0ACoMmon Q0201Ce hb Multiple p%oess_
lo fype Bnao4 Counfigg iemapho9he
Mufual Exclusion hs ensuke hat nly_one _paoces
Can ente the CRral Sechfonat afme his_p9avents
aC Condiion
ABoaie3 This doe not allouw he phocess o poceed
unE all Hho Condinon a%p fáuosahe
Spinlock- Ths_s type of lock hs ie Kind oF a wafting
a9tea unf_all dhe thr Cond?hfoni ag meet OR hee
00cesss 200ds ta qopdhe2
/ PAGE No./

DATE 7

A p h a a c h e s f o _ T n t p a p r e s s ( 6 m m u n i c a t ó n -

Apeoache o mplemer
fo impleme
hexe_ake_oligetant
tupe a
he nte9paocessCoununication

Onider
Ppe-A ipe adan channet dhat enty Is
I-e only hag one dikechon two lway data
be Usedo CHeaje_a
2la0 pîpe3_Can
Channal betueon U0 pHocos

Gocke athe Cndpoint sendfng OR SeCeiina


data in à netwostk-
2 MOst OF me 0:S DSe 8ockets tú Inteporess
ommunkation

) Plo-:A_ie is a4hing wheo data is stoked:Ona


disk_
2A0-S 0se le oxcdafa Sage.

SPana-Shnals 9 Lsefl fa ntea pore1 Cam


hele 0Ho System meknge Sent_om ono poe3
anothø.

Shaaed memoxy- 1ho mematactcan be dndtuneously


L cessed bu multiple paores
2: his done Soa he phces (ancommunioto iwitheach
othea

paoess PI Pootess P
Shoaed Hemoay Pocess p2
Pao cess P
essag e @eue
etne
L Kene
hed omoy Hesoge Qveue
PAGE No.
DATE

*J

4Exp Multhaeading Models


1: s a p9Hocess Omuliple h9eads xecutes_at Samefin
.Hanu Os Supp0ItS kOnel h4Pads exe Cies Gt some ine

MutPthkeadihg mbdels Ao Of_3 type


:dany to mansmodel 2:Manyto one model_
3 One One model

Manu O Mans model Bet Hwti thaeading model)


Tn 4hs model ue have muliple USe dheeads_090
mapedto 34me OR esscor gmaunt o reinel theeads
Ihe Aduantuge s hat one use h9ead is blocked we
Can bse Anotheh th90ad
hushus he System doesn't hlock _paHkiul Hhhead
s blockod
Use ih9eads

keinal 4hocad3

2Hany to One mode (Most effRent


hs model ue have moltiple_Useheac_ maped
n
D only One kodnel hoeac
In his_Modelwhen a usex h9eod make a blócking.
us em Ccal ho entiko dusjem 2ets hlocked.
)Ocu One use"Con_access_kHnel _aF a timo
srsfad

konel 4hæad
/PAGE No.
DATE

3-One tn One Model.


HJPads maped
Mepeci
n hf% Moclel ane indiuRdua UseA
One fndideal ketnel hAcad
LEaduantage of h madel is CAeating Abse th9e
keinelHhAead
MegUiHO3 Cne neu ndividual
3 n Hha fane usex dh9ed make blockinaa
whale Sustem wonB Jet bockeo
USe hkad

Oddknel Hhdad

Bp lhe ofiol Section Psoblem


he (9ffal sectfan a code segment wheehe hahed
VO9afabled Can be Gccossed
2. Only one_puaress Can oxette
n HsCRAT &echon
Ot ane
Ahe otbepAoress have t wafA to9 he Cuo90n
_Ongoin pHotess joLereLuto
olo
Enta Secfion

E+ Sec fion|

Remciinde Secfon
Uhsle Taue
PAGE No.
DATE

Solution to the GfRal_ Problem


To Motua EIclusion
Only_One p9ocess Can be side he ihal Sechon
a timo.Cthe phoce3 must wait uafil ho C9Aticad
SechHon s Fooe

ogst8
epoc éss s not_0sing the (GRol cion then
I Most Nof Stop_Ary othes_pHÕCeL fóom (sing it
Any poces Can enies ho Cs s tie
RBouncknq wafng
Fach p9orO3iust_have _ lmfted wdlting ine.
mustnof wat endlesslq to acce3 ha S.
3Ep: The Dhiag Philosephers Hoblem
n h e Dafaa hicsoph Paoblemthe CloaicalpOohlem of
Suchsoni~aidn uhfh Saus that Fire philosophers ao1 ittiag
Q9uGund a rfoetadaor fohle and their ph iso hhk and
eat altetnatfvel
-A howls of ncadles 2 plocad_at dhe Centex O he toble
along re Chop 9hicks toxr each o4he philosophers
l : 1o eat a philosophex needs both 9hght and left_chopshik
4A phlosopheszCan Only eat if hfs 9igt oChopstiik
s nee at he_Kamo me
S bath chopshiks_A90ot araflahle hendhe philosophe
pots dohn helx Chopstik Ond Stagis 4hnkinq agam.

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