A

Seminar Report of

DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE IGNITION USING FINGERPRINT

A seminar report submitted to the

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

HYDERABAD.
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELORS OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
GULAM NABI
(18C91A0325)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH, Accredited by NAAC-A)
Bogaram (v), Keesara (M), Medchal (D), 501301
(2018-2022)
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH, Accredited by NAAC-A)
Bogaram (v), Keesara (M), Medchal (D), 501301
(2018-2022)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLEIGNITION

USING FINGERPRINT” submitted by GULAM NABI (Roll No: 18C91A0325), A Student
Of The Department Of Mechanical Engineering , Holy Mary Institute of Technology and
Science, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Hyderabad , in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELORS OF
TECHNOLOGY in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING as the specialization is a record of the
bona-fide work carried out during the academic year 2018-2022.

SEMINAR COORDINATOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr. J MURALI NAIK Dr. N JEEVAN KUMAR

(Associate professor) (Professor &HOD)

EXTERNAL GUIDE/ EXAMINER

 CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 04
Declaration 05
Abstract 06
Chapter 1 Introduction 08
1.1 Classification of arduino 09
1.2 Globle system for mobile 09
Chapter 2 Liquid crystal display 11
2.1 finger print sensor 12
2.2 pattern on the finger print 13
Chapter 3 classification of finger print sensors 14

3.1 capacitive sensor 14

3.2 optical sensor 15

Chapter 4 real time biometrics vehicle security system with gps and gsm technology 16
4.1 results and discussions 17
4.2 results 17
chapter 5 Designing 18

Chapter 6 flowchart of the system 19

6.1 block diagram for fingerprint recognition process 19
chapter 7 hardware setup 21

7.1 hardware circuit connection 22

7.2 performance analysis 22

chapter 8 advantages & disadvantages 24

8.1 advantage 24

8.2 disadvantage 25

chapter 9 future scope 26

chapter 10 conclusions 27
chapter 11 references 28
LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE 2.1 Patterns of finger prints 12

FIGURE 2.2 finger prints reading 13

FIGURE 3.1 capacitive sensor 14

FIGURE 3.2 optical sensor 15

FIGURE 6.1 block diagram of system 20

FIGURE 7.1 LCD, GSM 21

FIGURE 7.3 the yellow LED 22

FIGURE 7.5 enroll finger or the first time 23

FIGURE 7.8 final output 24

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks giving and gratitude can in no way expressed in words, as it is a deep-seated feeling of
the mind, heart and soul. Yet as a customary practice, this is our bleak effort to find words of
gratefulness to all those who played a major role in the constitution of the present work.
It is my immense pleasure, to place on record our profound feeling of reverence and gratitude to
DR. J MURLI NAIK , Associate professor of Mechanical Engineering Department as a
supervisor for his inspiration, guidance and excellent support provided during the course of our
project work. I am extremely indebted to his kind encouragement, help and perennial availability
during my project work.
I would like to extend my sense of gratitude to B TECH programme coordinator and all the staff
of Mechanical Engineering Department who has been supportive during the course of my project
work.
This is to express my sincere thanks to our principal Dr. P. BHASKARA REDDY, Professor
for giving the best facilities and faculty for the completion of the project.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends who has provided me constant support and help
in completing this project.
 DECLARATION
I declare that the work reported in the entitled topology “DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE
IGNITION USING FINGERPRINT” is a report done by me in the department of mechanical
engineering, Holy Mary Institute of Technology And Science.

No part of thesis is copied from books journals internet and wherever referred the same as been
duly acknowledged in text, the reported data are based on the seminar done by entirely by me
and no copied from any source.

GULAM NABI

18C91A0325
 ABSTRACT

This paper presents a noble system to detect vehicle thefts. If an unauthorized person tries to
steal the vehicle, user and police station will be notified with GPS location. Methods:
Fingerprints stored in the memory of the system. If the fingerprint and RFID matches with the
stored ones then the controller triggers the powering circuit of the ECM else if the burglar tries to
start the car in any other ways it sends the alert messages of the interventions as well as the car’s
location to the owner’s mobile app via cloud. Findings: The system is implemented using Intel
Galileo gen2 board. The GPS, GSM, Wi-Fi module as well as an SD Card is also connected to
the board. Installing this smart system is helpful because this system won’t let the ECM to power
on the engine as designed. The system also incorporates certain other sensors to stop the car
burglary. If the burglar tries to turn on the battery by using paperclips in the fuses then the owner
will be notified about the past proceedings along with GPS location of the car. Application: The
system works well with low-price range car employed with keyless entry and self-start button
and is unique because it uses IoT to protect the low price cars.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Biometric technology is a method that requires the physical presence of the identified person. It
is a new state of art method for security systems. Fingerprint recognition is one of the most
widely used biometric system and also the oldest method which is dated back to 2200 BC [1].
The use of fingerprints as personal code was also in tradition method. Developing a prototype
with biometric system will serve a robust and embedded real time fingerprints-based ignition
systems in vehicle. This project focuses about developing a prototype of vehicle ignition using
fingerprint. According to [2] this system has a potential to avoid the vehicle from being stolen.
This lock security is developed to control the ignition of the vehicle by using fingerprint. The
existing lock at the vehicle is not highly secured which consist of handle lock and standard
switch lock. To overcome this, there are variety of security lock system that can be added to the
vehicle. By creating this prototype, security level of the vehicle ignition is highly protected and
could help to decrease theft. The main idea of this project is a fingerprint scanner will detect the
authorized or an unauthorized user and alert the user via GSM.

In the current era, there is high demand for robust security systems in vehicles. So, the designing
and developing a biometric security system using fingerprint technology to prevent unauthorized
vehicle is easy and very useful
Vehicle ignition

Ignition system basically is used to initiate a car’s 12-volt battery and send it to each sparkplug
in turn, starting the air fuel mixture in the engine’s combustion chamber. It then produces high
voltage arcs at the spark plug electrode. By using ignition coil, high voltages are produced where
it is supplied with lower voltage battery. The basically, ignition system consists of ignition
switch, relay, starter motor, battery and fuse.

The ignition system works when low voltage in the battery goes through the primary coil. Wire
connects to the kick starter using a wire from the battery while the other wires attach to the kick
starter to the key system. When the car key switch on the system once, two wires from the kick
starter to key system are connected. This results the engine to be in on condition. Followed by
the next turning of the key is where the third wire connects the other two joined wires which
cause the voltage to flow from the battery to the respected vehicle parts so that the

vehicle gets to move.

Vehicle ignition using fingerprint system is known as security system to prevent vehicle theft.
Vehicle usage is basically a necessity for everyone in current era. Nowadays, vehicle security
system depends on sensors that are way too costly and high efficient. This system is developed to
cut cost for the technology like only the premium car makers are imposing this in the market.
Thus, developing vehicle ignition using fingerprint would be efficient and low cost for users who
own vehicle to keep secure their vehicle without any worries. Fingerprints biometric system is
cheaper compared to the rest of the biometrics and there is also high usage among users [3].

1.1 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ARDUINO

Arduino is one of the platform used for this project. It is a software feature which enables
experienced programming designers to utilize the Arduino code to converge with the current
programming language libraries can be broadened and changed. It is an awesome tool for
individuals with all ability levels. Both physical programmable circuit board and programming is
in Arduino. It continues running on PC which is utilized to compose and exchange PC code to
the physical. Arduino has capacity such as interacting with light on a sensor, a finger on a button,
running a motor, switching on an LED and distributing something online. In addition, Arduino
doesn’t need a separate piece of hardware, to load a new code onto the board since it can utilize
it with a USB cable. The most utilized ones are Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega. Arduino IDE is
utilized to program an Arduino and it utilizes a straightforward version of C++. This makes the
program to be learnt less demanding. Rajan et al. proposed the product which is good with a
wide range of working frameworks like Windows, Linux, and Macintosh and so on indistinct
vague unclear vague [4].

1.2 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE (GSM)

Global System for Mobile communications is a digital cellular technology used for data services
and transmitting mobile voice. Variation of time division multiple accesses (TDMA) are used the
most used from the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA).
GSM packs the information digitizes, at that point sends it down a channel with two different
streams of user data, each in its own time slot. GSM has few services which are tele services,
data services and supplementary services. Tele services includes mobile phones, data services
consist of short message services and supplementary services for incoming and out coming calls,
call forwarding, call waiting, call hold and conference. This device supports voice calls and
information transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, including the transmission of SMS. GSM operates
in 900MHz or either 1.8GHz recurrence band. GSM first launched at Finland 1991.In current
era, more than 690 mobile networks provides GSM services across 213 countries.

Many network operators have signed agreements with foreign operators, so this makes the user
continue to use their mobile phones even while travelling. A Worldwide system for Mobile
(GSM) is more known as second era telecom framework standard that was worked to deal with
the crack issues of the main cell structures. Beforehand it was known as Group Special Mobile.
They chamber took up the task of demonstrating an ordinary Mobile correspondence structure
for Europe the 900 MHz band [5] [6].
 CHAPTER 2
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
A 16x2 LCD is used to display the output of the project. Pin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15 and 16 are
utilized to interface with the LCD. It is a dot matrix display that is used to display characters,
alphanumeric characters and symbols. The LCD will receive codes from the microcontroller and
displays it to its display data RAM. This will then transform the character code into character
pattern and display the characters in the LCD. The LCD can display the option to add and delete
the user. It will also show the status if authorized user is detected and reject if it is an
unauthorized user. The LCD will be display the message accordingly as per programmed.

2.1 FINGERPRINT SENSOR

Fingerprint biometric are first used in China. It is proposed in Europe in the year 1858 and
implemented in Germany in 1903. In the field of biometrics, fingerprints are the most used and
most researched recognition. Fingerprints are basically unique where up till now there is no any
two fingerprints matched together are found. Even an identical twin, the fingerprints are not the
same. Fingerprints are the representation of an epidermis layer of finger. Fingerprints are
basically used to reduce the search time of an activity. Fingerprints consist of ridges and valleys.
Ridges are the curved segment consisting the dark area while valleys are the area in between of
two adjacent rings of the white area. Minutiae is the major feature of a fingerprint that defines
the point of the ridges lines end of fork. Based on (Mridula, 2014) [8] the patterns of the
fingerprints are classified as arch, tented arch, right loop, left loop and the whorl. Arches are
basic type of fingerprints formed by ridges. It enters at one side and exits at another side. This is
the same for the plain arch and also the tented arch. Whorls contains at least one of the ridge that
makes a whole circuit and loops are one or more ridges entering from one side of the print,
recurving and existing at the same side of the print. After a fingerprint picture is obtained by the
fingerprint reader equipment, this fingerprint must be interpreted. It must be prepared such that
read-outs can be effectively thought about and coordinated against each other. Two sorts of
coordinating software exist, which is minutiae matching and pattern matching. There are two
types of fingerprint sensor used mostly is capacitive and optical fingerprint sensors.
 Figure2.1 patterns of fingerprints.

A person's weight, eye color, and hair color can change or be changed, but his fingerprints
cannot be altered. They are unique to each individual, and can be differentiated and identified
based on certain distinctive patterns made by the ridges. The following are some of the
commonly used fingerprint patterns that have been identified and used in the process of
fingerprinting. There are basically three main forms of patterns that are made by the ridges of
fingerprints. a) Loops: Loops make up almost 70 percent of fingerprint patterns.

They originate from one side of the finger; curve around or upward, before exiting out the other
side.

Fig 2.2 pattern o the finger print

2.2 PATTERN O THE FINGER PRINT

A) LOOP:
pattern always comprises one delta, which is roughly a triangular formation in the pattern.

B) ARCHES:
Arches are encountered in only 5 percent of the patterns, and comprise lines that slope upward
and then down, similar to the outline of a small hill. There is generally no delta.

C) WHORLS:
Whorls constitute around 25% percent of all patterns. They are circular or spiral patterns, similar
to eddies. A pattern that contains 2 or more deltas will always be a whorl pattern.
 CHAPTER 3
CLASSIFICATION OF FINGERPRINT SENSORS
3.1 CAPACITIVE SENSOR
This is a CMOS reader that uses capacitors and an image is formed using electrical current. It is
more expensive compared to optical readers. The advantage of using capacitive sensor it requires
a real fingerprint shape, not only a visual image. This is the reason for CMOS to be harder to get
tricked. It is embedded in a Silicon chip composed of 2D array of micro capacitor. Between the
finger surface and the Silicon plates, electrical charges are created. Plates leads to pattern of
distinguished capacitances are respected with the distance of variation of ridges and valleys.

Fig 3.1 Capacitive sensor

3.2 OPTICAL SENSOR

Manikandan et al. proposed a 4 pin device that is used for various applications such banks, safety
deposits and access control, this sensor requires the visual image of the fingerprint.3.
Dimensional image is recorded by using this sensor and stored into the microcontroller. Light
incident on detector will convert the energy first to electrical charge. This is one of the most
commonly used fingerprint sensor, process starts when the user places their finger on top of the
glass. The scanner will not function if the image placed on top of the glass is too dark. This
senses difference of the intensity of reflected light from valleys and ridges; normally one
fingerprint is scanned at a time [9]
 Fig 3.2 optical sensor

Manikandan et al. proposed a 4 pin device that is used for various applications such banks, safety
deposits and access control, this sensor requires the visual image of the fingerprint.3.
Dimensional image is recorded by using this sensor and stored into the microcontroller. Light
incident on detector will convert the energy first to electrical charge. This is one of the most
commonly used fingerprint sensor, process starts when the user places their finger on top of the
glass. The scanner will not function if the image placed on top of the glass is too dark. This
senses difference of the intensity of reflected light from valleys and ridges; normally one
fingerprint is scanned at a time [9]

. The advantage of using capacitive sensor it requires a real fingerprint shape, not only a visual
image. This is the reason for CMOS to be harder to get tricked. It is embedded in a Silicon chip
composed of 2D array of micro capacitor. Between the finger surface and the Silicon plates,
electrical charges are created. Plates leads to pattern of distinguished capacitances are respected
with the distance of variation of ridges and valleys.

.
 CHAPTER 4
REAL TIME BIOMETRICS VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM WITH GPS
AND GSM TECHNOLOGY
Kiruthiga et al. have been discussed about saving the vehicle from theft. This system is literally
to defend the vehicle from any illegal access, easy to use, fast usage; clear, consistently good in
performance and also reasonable fingerprint recognition technique. This development intimates
the position of the vehicle to the authorized user by Global System for Mobile (GSM)
technology. If an authorized person tries to access the vehicle, it is allowed meanwhile if an
unauthorized person tries to access a message will be sent to owner of the vehicle and the engine
will be immobilized. The GPS system is attached to know the position of the vehicle and its
current location. In any cases the vehicle got towed or theft detection the location will be
detected. If an engine is switched off, but the GPS changes significantly a message will send to
the authorized user to alert them. Besides that, PIC16F877a is used as the main platform of the
security system which monitors all the input and output of the system. Status of the system will
be displayed on LCD and SMS will be sent to notify the authorized user [11]

4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Here is a sample result for this illustrative project. Some discussions are added up as an example
of real feedback from design and testing activities.

4.2 RESULTS
The system has been tested to demonstrate the project delivery’s functionality as in presented
design. The combination of the software applications and hardware components has enabled the
application operating as planned or labelled on the designed interface.

The data are taken from different fingerprints in order to examine the accuracy and consistency
of the system. Table and Figure method are used to interpret data that collected from the
prototype of vehicle ignition using fingerprint. Application used in this project is interfaced
together with Arduino software to control the commands. Application used is to notify the owner
on the usage of the vehicle.
The projects have been successfully created including the operation along with explanations of
the different functions used for the application software and hardware systems work.
 CHAPTER 5
DESIGNING
Process flow to complete this project successfully is included with input, process and output of
the system. Fingerprint is scanned to activate the ignition when the authorized user fingerprint is
detected. Adding or deleting a fingerprint option is included in this project. In the case of adding
or deleting a fingerprint, a master fingerprint will be set as an ID first. When the master
fingerprint ID is authorized, then only user can be added to be an authorized user or deleted from
the list. Followed by the Arduino which will interpret the received message from the fingerprint
scanner. The results will display the status of the user in LCD. If the fingerprints are matched,
the ignition system of the vehicle will turn on. If an unauthorized fingerprint is detected, the
buzzer will turn on and an alert message is sent to the authorized user. Upon receiving the SMS
using GSM technology, the user will know that the vehicle is being operated by someone else.
 CHAPTER 6
FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM.
6.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
PROCESS

First the individual must register themselves in the biometric system database. This begins as the

fingerprint of an individual is acquired by a scanner. Followed by the verification task that will
identify the individuals. The biometric reader will take note on the individual’s fingerprint so
that could be determined and converts it to a digital format. Final task is identification which the
system differentiates the input of the biometric in the system database. the result is either
identified of an authorized user or alert as an unauthorized user.
 6.1 Block diagram of the system

fingerprint of an individual is acquired by a scanner. Followed by the verification task that will
identify the individuals. The biometric reader will take note on the individual’s fingerprint so
that could be determined and converts it to a digital format. Final task is identification which the
system differentiates the input of the biometric in the system database. the result is either
identified of an authorized user or alert as an unauthorized user.
 CHAPTER 7
HARDWARE SETUP
7.1 HARDWARE CIRCUIT CONNECTION
Connection of all the hardware’s are done accordingly. LCD pins are connected to A0, A1, A2,
A3, A4, A5, fingerprint scanner connected to pin 2 and 3, GSM to pin 10 and 11 (RX, TX), push
button pin 4, 5, 6 and 7, relay to pin 12 and buzzer to pin 13.

FIG 7.1 The connection of LCD, GSM, relay, fingerprint scanner, buzzer and push button
on the Arduino Uno board.

7.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

For verification on the functionality correctness of the developed product, a series of testing
operation took place as the final step of the project work. The tests showed successful results for
the different appliances when switched ON and OFF using the apps that has been developed.
Some of the functionality testing details are given in pictures by next paragraphs.
 Fig 7.3 The yellow LED will turn ON when the ignition starts.
Project development is the final step to make sure the project functions properly. The result has
been tested to make sure all the components are connected properly and is attached to work
together with Arduino code. Figures (9 & 10) show the successful hardware connection of the
project and the successful message received by the owner through the GSM SIM900.

fig 7.4 result of initializing system.

This void Enroll functions to add in fingerprints in a specific location or a specific Id. The enroll
process works when the fingerprints are first placed on the scanner to be read, remove and the
place it for the second time for confirmation of the fingerprints. Once the fingerprints are read, it
will store in Arduino and displays as “Stored” while if no fingerprints detected it displays as “No
Finger”.

Fig 7.5 Enroll Finger for the first time.

Successful output of the ignition system is shown in the LCD as per figure above. When the
authorized user is detected, LCD user displays the status, along with LED yellow ON and motor
starts ignition. the reading of the fingerprint sensor will not be always the same since it
depends on the fingerprint’s condition as well as the scanner. Somehow, the fingerprint scanner
will detect the authorized user’s fingerprints detail and allow the vehicle to start.

7.8 Final output when the authorized user is detected.

 CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

8.1 ADVANTAGES
• It offers high accuracy for fingerprint recognition

• It offers long term stability

• It is easy to use/non-intrusive technique

• Smaller storage space is needed for biometric sample and hence it reduces database
memory requirement.

• Sensor Following are the benefits or advantages of Fingerprint sensor:

• The fingerprints are unique to each finger of each individual and the ridge arrangement
remains permanent during one's lifetime.
8.2 DISADVANTAGES
• Following are the drawbacks or disadvantages of Fingerprint sensor:

• The system has inability to enrol some users

• The accuracy and working of system is affected by skin conditions of people

• The system is associated with forensic applications.

• There are health issues involved due to touching of single scanning sensor device by
countless number of individuals. This has serious implications in pandemic situations
such as COVID-19 etc.

It is difficult to capture complete and accurate fingerprint image in some cases

 CHAPTER 9
FUTURE SCOPE
The term Biometrics is a combination of two words- bio i.e. life and
metrics i.e. measurement.
• It refers to the metrics related to the human characteristics,
particularly the physical and behavioral aspects.
• The technology is implemented to measure and statistically analyse
people’s biological information mainly for their identification,
access control or surveillance.
• Every individual is unique and carries a separate identity in the
form of traits like fingerprints, hand geometry, iris recognition,
voice, etc.
Biometric verification is gaining a lot of popularity among the public
security systems as well as in the commercial market. In our daily life,
we witness the use of biometric in so many places such as the digital
attendance system at offices, security checkpoints at airports
 CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSIONS
The project’s objectives for development of vehicle ignition using fingerprint have been
successfully developed. In a nutshell, this prototype of vehicle ignition using fingerprint scanner
is successfully developed. This system operates fine in regard of enrolling new user and deleting
registered user. Appropriate steps to notify the authorized user via SMS using GSM is
successfully done in this project. SMS’s are sent to the owner when the vehicle is turned on and
when an unauthorized user is detected. Besides that, the status of the user is displayed in LCD.
LCD displays the status of the vehicle when the vehicle is on, ready to start and fingerprint’s
condition. Output of this system is revealed through LED and motor for a successful user
attempt. LED will light on and the dc motor will start running saying the ignition is successful
while the buzzer sounds showing the attempt of unauthorized user is failure. This fingerprint
technology focuses on automobile and is only possible for the authorized user to use. In the case
of implementing this system on locally manufactured vehicles will make the car security system
tight which will be also cheap.
 CHAPTER 11
REFERENCES
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Prototype of a Fingerprint Based Ignition Systems in Vehicles. 62(2): 164-171.
[2] Kumar B. S. and Engineering I. 2017. Vehicle AntiTheft System Using
Fingerprint Recognition Technique Microcontroller Interface. 1(1): 7-12.
[3] Arora R. and Kumar K. 2015. Start-Up the Engine Using Fingerprinting.
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[4] C. Rajan, B. Megala, A. Nandhini, C. Rasi Priya. 2015. A Review :
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[5] Gill K. R. and Sachin J. 2016. Vehicle Ignition using Fingerprint Sensor.
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[6] Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh, Vadym Shkarupylo, Mohd Saad bin
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[7] Consortium E. 1982. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). The
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[8] Mridula P. 2014. A Review on Classification of Fingerprint Images.
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