Maths 10 Question Bank

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CBSE
MATHEMATICS Basic and Standard
Chapter-wise Question Bank
CLASS 10
Reduced Syllabus 2021
Solved Papers 2020-2009
Strictly Based On Board Sample Paper for Exam 2021 Released by CBSE On 9 October 2020
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CONTENTS
CHAP 1. Real Numbers 5
CHAP 2. Polynomials 25
CHAP 3. Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables 44
CHAP 4. Quadratic Equations 83
CHAP 5. Arithmetic Progression 112
CHAP 6. Triangles 147
CHAP 7. Co-ordinate Geometry 188
CHAP 8. Introduction of Trigonometry 220
CHAP 9. Some Applications of Trigonometry 247
CHAP 10. Circle 295
CHAP 11. Constructions 328
CHAP 12. Areas Related to Circles 336
CHAP 13. Surface Areas and Volumes 370
CHAP 14. Statistics 409
CHAP 15. Probability 448
CBSE Exam 2021 Sample Paper Basic 482
CBSE Exam 2021 Paper Standard 496
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Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 5
CHAPTER 1
REAL NUMBERS
ONE MARK QUESTIONS So , it will terminate after 3 decimal places.
5. Find the LCM of smallest two digit composite number

1. What is the sum of exponents of prime factors in the and smallest composite number.
prime-factorisation of 196 ? Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Smallest two digit composite number is 10
Prime factors of 196, and smallest composite number is 4.
LCM (10, 4) = 20
196 = 4 # 49
= 22 # 72 6. HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162.
If one of the numbers is 54, then what is the other
The sum of exponents of prime factor is 2 + 2 = 4 .
number ?
2. Find the HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15. Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] Let y be the second number.
Since, product of two numbers is equal to product of
We have 12 = 2 # 2 # 3
LCM and HCM,
21 = 3 # 7 54 # y = LCM # HCF
15 = 3 # 5 54 # y = 162 # 27
HCF(12, 21, 15) = 3
y = 162 # 27 = 81
54
LCM (12, 21, 15) = 2 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 = 420
7. Find HCF of 144 and 198.
3. Explain why 13233343563715 is a composite number?
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
Using prime factorization method,
The number 13233343563715 ends in 5.
Hence it is a multiple of 5. Therefore it is a 144 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3
composite number.
= 2 4 # 32
4. Find the decimal representation of 11 .
and 198 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 11
23 # 5
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] = 2 # 32 # 11
We have 11 = 11 HCF(144, 198) = 2 # 32

23 # 5 23 # 51
Denominator of 2 11# 5 is of the form 2m # 5n , where m
3
= 2 # 9 = 18
, n are non- negative integers. Hence, 2 11# 5 has
8. Express 225 in prime factorization.
3
terminating decimal expansion.

Now 11 = 11 52
3 3 # 2 By prime factorization of 225, we have
2 #5 2 #5 5
2 225 = 3 # 3 # 5 # 5
= 113 # 53 = 11 #3 25
2 #5 10
= 32 # 52 or 52 # 32
= 0.275
Page 6 Real Numbers Chap 1
23
9. The decimal expansion of 2 # 55will terminate after
2 prime factor involved in the numbers.
how many places of decimal?
13. What are the values of x and y in the given figure ?
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
23 23 # 53
5 2 = 5
2 #5 2 # 52 # 53
= 235# 125 = 28755

2 # 55 (10)
= 2875 = 0.02875
100000
Hence, 5 23 2 will terminate after 5 five decimal

2 #5
places.
Ans : [Board Term -1 2012]
14587
10. The decimal expansion of the rational number 1250
will terminate after how many places of decimal? We have 1001 = x # 143 & x = 7
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 143 = y # 11 & y = 13
Rational number, Hence x = 7 , y = 13

14587 = 14587 = 14587 23 14. If x = 0.7 , then find 2x .
1250 #
1
2 #5 4 1
2 #5 4
23
Ans : [Board 2006]
= 14587 # 8 = 116696
24 # 54 (10) 4 We have x = 0.7
= 11.6696 10x = 7.7
Hence, given rational number will terminate after four
Subtracting, 9x = 7
decimal places.
11. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2 x =7

9
and b = xy3 , where x , y are prime numbers, then find
HCF â, b h . 2x = 14 = 1.555 ..........
9
= 1.5
We have a = x3 y2 = x # x # x # y # y
15. 1. The L.C.M. of x and 18 is 36.
b = xy3 = x # y # y # y
2. The H.C.F. of x and 18 is 2.
HCF(a , b ) = HCF ^x3 y2, xy3h What is the number x ?
Ans : [Board 2006]
= x # y # y = xy2
HCF is the product of the smallest power of each LCM # HCF = First number # second number
common prime factor involved in the numbers.
Hence, required number = 36 # 2 = 4
18
12. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as
p = ab2 and q = a3 b ; where a , b being prime numbers, 16. What is the HCF of smallest primer number and the
then what is the LCM of ^p, q h ? smallest composite number?
Ans : [Board 2018]
Smallest prime number is 2 and smallest

We have p = ab2 = a # b # b composite number is 4. HCF of 2 and 4 is 2.
and q = a3 b = a # a # a # b
17. Write one rational and one irrational number lying
LCM(p , q ) = LCM âb2, a3 b h between 0.25 and 0.32.
= a # b # b # a # a = a3 b2 Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
LCM is the product of the greatest power of each Given numbers are 0.25 and 0.32.

Clearly 0.30 = 30 = 3 12×LCM (a, b) = 1800

100 10
1, 800
Thus 0.30 is a rational number lying between or, LCM (a, b) = = 150
12
0.25 and 0.32. Also 0.280280028000.....
has non-terminating non-repeating decimal 23. What is the condition for the decimal expansion of a
expansion. It is an irrational number lying between rational number to terminate? Explain with the help
0.25 and 0.32. of an example.
18. If HCF(336, 54) = 6 , find LCM(336, 54).
Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
The decimal expansion of a rational number
terminates, if the denominator of rational
HCF # LCM = Product of number number can be expressed as 2m 5n where m
and n are non negative integers and p and q
6 # LCM = 336 # 54 both co-primes.
3 = 3
LCM = 336 # 54 e.g.
10
= 0.3
6 21 # 51
= 56 # 54 = 3024 24. Find the smallest positive rational number by which
1
Thus LCM of 336 and 54 is 3024. 7 should be multiplied so that its decimal expansion
terminates after 2 places of decimal.
19. a and b are two positive integers such that the least Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
is 5. Then calculate the least prime factor of (a + b). Since 1 7 = 1 = 0.01.
7 # 100 100
Thus smallest rational number is 7 .
Here a and b are two positive integers such 100
that the least prime factor of a is 3 and the 25. What type of decimal expansion does a rational
least prime factor of b is 5. The least prime number has? How can you distinguish it from decimal
factor of (a + b) would be 2. expansion of irrational numbers?
20. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
and the smallest prime number? A rational number has its decimal expansion
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2018] either terminating or non-terminating,
repeating An irrational numbers has its
The smallest prime number is 2 and the
decimal expansion non-repeating and non-
smallest composite number is 4 = 22 .
terminating.
Hence, required HCF is (22, 2) = 2 .
26. Calculate 3 in the decimal form.
21. Calculate the HCF of 33 ×5 and 32 ×52 . 8
Ans : [Board 2008]
Ans : [Board 2007]
We have 3 = 3 = 2 # 53
We have 33 ×5 = 32 ×5 # 3 8 23 23 # 53
32 ×52 = 32 ×5 # 5
= 3753 = 375
10 1, 000
HCF (33 ×5, 32 ×52) = 32 ×5
= 0.375
= 9×5 = 45
6
27. The decimal representation of 1250 will terminate after
22. If HCF (a, b) = 12 and a×b = 1, 800 , then find LCM how many places of decimal?
(a, b).
Ans : [Board 2009]
Ans :
3
We have 6 = 6 = 6 #3 2 4
We know that 1250 2#5 4
2#2 #5
HCF (a, b) # LCM (a, b) = a×b 3 3
= 64×2 4 = 6×24
Substituting the values we have 2 ×5 (10)
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= 48 = 0.0048 terminating decimal expansion.

10000
6 will terminate after 4 decimal places. 32. Write the rational number 757 will have a terminating
Thus
1250 decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating
28. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers decimal.
between 1 and 10 (both inclusive). Ans : [Board 2018 SQP]
Ans : [Board 2010] 7 = 7

We have
The required number is the LCM of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 75 3 # 52
7, 8, 9, 10, The denominator of rational number 757 can
not be written in form 2m 5n So it is non-
LCM = 2 # 2 # 3 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 terminating repeating decimal expansion.
= 2520
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
29. Find HCF of the numbers given below:
k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, , where k is a positive integer.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] 33. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form
13m - 16 . Find the value of m .
Here we can see easily that k is common Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
factor between all and this is highest factor
Thus HCF of k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, is k . According to Euclid’s algorithm any number a can be
written in the form,
30. Complete the following factor tree and find the a = bq + r where 0 # r < b
composite number x .
Applying Euclid’s division lemma on 144 and 180 we
have
180 = 144 # 1 + 36
144 = 36 # 4 + 0
Here, remainder is 0 and divisor is 36. Thus HCF of
144 and 180 is 36.
Now 36 = 13m - 16
36 + 16 = 13m
52 = 13m & m = 4
34. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that
HCF # LCM = Product of the two given numbers.
Ans : [Board 2018]

We have 404 = 2 # 2 # 101
We have y = 5×13 = 65 = 22 # 101
and x = 3×195 = 585 96 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
31. Write whether rational number 757 will have = 25 # 3

terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating
HCF(404, 96) = 22 = 4
decimal.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2017, SQP] LCM(404, 96) = 101 # 25 # 3 = 9696
7 = 7 HCF # LCM = 4 # 9696 = 38784

We have
75 3×52
Also, 404 # 96 = 38784
Since denominator of given rational number
is not of form 2m ×5n , Hence, It is non- Hence, HCF # LCM = Product of 404 and 96

35. Find HCF of the numbers given below: LCM (a, b) = 306 # 1314
k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, , where k is a positive integer. 18
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] LCM (306, 1314) = 22, 338

Here we can see easily that k is common factor 39. Complete the following factor tree and find the
between all and this is highest factor Thus composite number x .
HCF of k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, is k .
36. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method
of prime factorization.
We have 90 = 9 # 10 = 9 # 2 # 5
= 2 # 32 # 5
and 144 = 16 # 9
= 2 4 # 32
HCF = 2 # 32 = 18
LCM = 2 4 # 32 # 5 = 720
37. Explain why (7 # 13 # 11) + 11 and Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3 are composite
numbers. We have y = 5×13 = 65
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] and x = 3×195 = 585
(7 # 13 # 11) + 11 = 11 # (7 # 13 + 1) 40. Complete the following factor tree and find the
composite number x
= 11 # (91 + 1)
= 11 # 92
and
(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3
= 3 (7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 2 # 1 + 1)
= 3 # (1681) = 3 # 41 # 41
Since given numbers have more than two prime
factors, both number are composite.
38. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM

(306, 1314)
We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18

LCM (306, 1314) = ?
Let a = 306 and b = 1314 , then we have
LCM (a, b) # HCF (a, b) = a # b
Substituting values we have We have z = 371 = 53
7
LCM (a, b) ×18 = 306 # 1314 y = 1855 # 3 = 5565
x = 2 # y = 2 # 5565 = 11130
Since 143 = 11 # 13,
Thus complete factor tree is as given below.
Thus c = 11 and d = 13 or c = 13 and d = 11
42. Complete the following factor tree and find the

composite number x .
41. Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

factor tree:
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, 2014]
We complete the given factor tree writing variable y

and z as following.

We have z = 161 = 23
7
We have a = 9009 = 3
3003
y = 7 # 161 = 1127
b = 1001 = 7 Composite number, x = 2 # 3381 = 6762
143

43. Explain whether 3 # 12 # 101 + 4 is a prime number Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
or a composite number.
We have 91 = P # Q = 7 # 13
So P = 7, Q = 13 or P = 13, Q = 7
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number
greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying
O = 4095 = 3
two smaller natural numbers. A natural number 1365
greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite
N = 2×8190 = 16380
number. For example, 5 is prime because the only
ways of writing it as a product, 1 # 5 or 5 # 1, Composite number,
involve 5 itself. However, 6 is composite because it
is the product of two numbers (2 # 3) that are both M = 16380×2 = 32760
smaller than 6. Every composite number can be Thus complete factor tree is shown below.
written as the product of two or more (not necessarily
distinct) primes.
3 # 12 # 101 + 4 = 4 (3 # 3 # 101 + 1)
= 4 (909 + 1)
= 4 (910)
= 2 # 2 # (10 # 7 # 13)
= 2 # 2 # 2 # 5 # 7 # 13
= a composite number
44. Complete the factor-tree and find the composite

number M .
45. Find the smallest natural number by which 1200

should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
We have 1200 = 12 # 100

= 4 # 3 # 4 # 25
= 42 # 3 # 52
Here if we multiply by 3, then its square root will
be 4 # 3 # 5 which is a rational number. Thus the
required smallest natural number is 3.
46. Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as 50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find
their LCM? Give reasons. the length of the longest rod that can measure the
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] dimensions of the room exactly.
LCM of two numbers should be exactly
divisible by their HCF. Since, 15 does not Here we have to determine the HCF of all length
divide 175, two numbers cannot have their which can measure all dimension.
HCF as 15 and LCM as 175.
Length, l = 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm
n
47. Check whether 4 can end with the digit 0 for any
= 50 # 17 = 2 # 52 # 17
natural number n .
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, Set-FHN8MGD; NCERT] Breadth, b = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm
If the number 4n, for any n, were to end with = 25 # 25 = 52 # 52
the digit zero, then it would be divisible by
5 and 2. Height, h = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm
That is, the prime factorization of 4n would contain = 25 # 19 = 52 # 19
the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible because the
only prime in the factorization of 4n = 22n is 2. So, the HCF(l, b, h) = HCF (850, 625, 475)
uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
= HCF (2 # 52 # 17, 52, 52 # 19)
guarantees that there are no other primes in the
factorization of 4n . So, there is no natural number = 52 = 25 cm
n for which 4n ends with the digit zero. Hence 4n Thus 25 cm rod can measure the dimensions of the
cannot end with the digit zero. room exactly. This is longest rod that can measure
48. Show that 7n cannot end with the digit zero, for any exactly.
natural number n. 51. Show that 5 6 is an irrational number.
If the number 7n, for any n, were to end with
Let 5 6 be a rational number, which can be expressed
the digit zero, then it would be divisible by
as ab , where b ! 0; a and b are co-primes.
5 and 2.
That is, the prime factorization of 7n would contain Now 5 6 =a
b
the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible because the
only prime in the factorization of 7n = (1 # 7) n is 7. 6 = a
So, the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of 5b
Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes or, 6 = rational
in the factorization of 7n . So, there is no natural
number n for which 7n ends with the digit zero. Hence But, 6 is an irrational number. Thus, our assumption
7n cannot end with the digit zero. is wrong. Hence, 5 6 is an irrational number.
49. Check whether (15) n can end with digit 0 for any 52. Write the denominator of the rational number 257 500 in
n ! N. the form 2m ×5n, where m and n are non-negative

integers. Hence write its decimal expansion without
actual division.
If the number (15) n, for any n, were to end Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
by 5 and 2. We have 500 = 25 # 20
That is, the prime factorization of (15) n would contain
the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible because the = 52 # 5 # 4
only prime in the factorization of (15) n = (3 # 5) n are = 53 # 22
3 and 5. The uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other Here denominator is 500 which can be written
primes in the factorization of (15) n . Since there is no as 22 ×53 .
prime factor 2, (15) n cannot end with the digit zero.
Now decimal expansion,
50. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m

257 = 257 # 2 = 514 = a2 b

500 2 # 22 # 53 103
LCM (p, q) ×HCF (p, q) = a3 b3 ×a2 b
= 0.514
= a5 b 4
53. Write a rational number between 2 and 3.
= a 2 b 3 ×a 3 b
200 and 3 = 300 = pq

We have 2=
100 100
We need to find a rational number x such that
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
1 200 < x < 1 300
10 10
Choosing any perfect square such as 225 or 57. An army contingent of 612 members is to march
256 in between 200 and 300, we have behind an army band of 48 members in a parade.
225 = 15 = 5 The two groups are to march in the same number of
x = columns. What is the maximum number of columns in
100 10 3
which they can march?
Similarly if we choose 256, then we have Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
x = 256 = 16 = 8 Let the number of columns be x which is the largest

100 10 5
number, which should divide both 612 and 48. It
54. Write the rational number 757 will have a terminating means x should be HCF of 612 and 48.
decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating We can write 612 and 48 as follows
decimal.
612 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 5 # 17
Ans : [Board 2018 SQP]
48 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
We have 7 = 7
75 3 # 52 HCF(612, 28) = 2 # 2 # 3 = 12
The denominator of rational number 757 can Thus HCF of 104 and 96 is 12 i.e. 12 columns
not be written in form 2m 5n So it is non- are required.
terminating repeating decimal expansion. Here we have solved using Euclid’s algorithm but you
55. Show that 571 is a prime number. can solve this problem by simple mehtod of HCF.
Ans : 58. Given that 5 is irrational, prove that 2 5 - 3 is
an irrational number.
Let x = 571
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
x = 571
Assume that 2 5 - 3 is a rational number. Therefore,
Now 571 lies between the perfect squares of ^23h2 = 529 we can write it in the form of qp where p and q are
and ^24h2 = 576 . Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. Here 571 is not divisible by any
p
of the above numbers, thus 571 is a prime number. Now 2 5 -3 =
q
56. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a2 b3 where q ! 0 and p and q are co-prime integers.
and q = a3 b, where a and b are prime numbers than Rewriting the above expression as,
verify LCM (p, q) ×HCF (q, q) = pq p
2 5 = +3
Ans : [Sample Paper 2017] q
p + 3q
We have p = a2 b3 = a # a # b # b # b 5 =
2q
and q = a3 b = a # a # a # b Here p +2q3q is rational because p and q are co-prime
integers, thus 5 should be a rational number. But
Now LCM (p, q) = a # a # a # b # b # b
5 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
= a3 b3 5 is irrational. Hence 2 5 - 3 is an irrational
number.
and HCF (p, q) = a # a # b
59. Prove that 2 +5 3 is an irrational number, given that

3 is an irrational number. p - 2q
5 3 =
q
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
p - 2q
Assume that 2 +5 3 is a rational number. Therefore, we 3 =
5q
can write it in the form of qp where p and q are co- Here 3 is irrational and p -5q2q is rational because
prime integers and q ! 0 . p and q are co-prime integers. But rational number
2+ 3 = p cannot be equal to an irrational number. Hence
5 q 2 + 5 3 is an irrational number.
5p 62. Given that 2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 3 2 ) is
2+ 3 =
q
an irrational number.
5p Ans : [Board 2018]
3 = -2
q
Assume that (5 + 3 2 ) is a rational number.
5p - 2q Therefore, we can write it in the form of qp where p
3 =
q and q are co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
Since, p and q are co-prime integers, then 5p -q 2q is a
p
rational number. But this contradicts the fact that Now 5+3 2 =
q
3 is an irrational number. So, our assumption is
where q ! 0 and p and q are integers.
wrong. Therefore 2 +5 3 is an irrational number.
Rewriting the above expression as,
60. Given that 3 is irrational, prove that (5 + 2 3 ) is p
an irrational number. 3 2 = -5
q
p - 5q
2 =
Assume that (5 + 2 3 ) is a rational number. 3q
Therefore, we can write it in the form of qp where p Here p -3q5q is rational because p and q are co-prime
and q are co-prime integers and q ! 0 . integers, thus 2 should be a rational number. But
p 2 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
Now 5+2 3 = 2 is irrational. Hence ^5 + 3 2 h is an irrational
q
where q ! 0 and p and q are integers. number.
Rewriting the above expression as, 63. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both
p 306 and 657.
2 3 = -5
q Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
p - 5q The smallest number that is divisible by two numbers
3 =
2q is obtained by finding the LCM of these numbers
Here p -2q5q is rational because p and q are co-prime Here, the given numbers are 306 and 657.
integers, thus 3 should be a rational number. But
306 = 6 # 51 = 3 # 2 # 3 # 17
3 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
3 is irrational. Hence (5 + 2 3 ) is an irrational 657 = 9 # 73 = 3 # 3 # 73
number.
LCM(306, 657) = 2 # 3 # 3 # 17 # 73
61. Prove that 2 + 5 3 is an irrational number, given
that 3 is an irrational number. = 22338
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] Hence, the smallest number which is divisible by 306
and 657 is 22338.
Assume that 2 + 5 3 is a rational number.
Therefore, we can write it in the form of qp 64. Show that numbers 8n can never end with digit 0 of
where p and q are co-prime integers and any natural number n .
q ! 0. Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, NCERT]
p If the number 8n, for any n, were to end
2+5 3 = , q ! 0
q with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
p by 5 and 2. That is, the prime factorization
5 3 = -2
q

of 8n would contain the prime 5 and 2. This is not Check :

possible because the only prime in the factorization
HCF(a, b) ×LCM(a, b) = a # b
of (8) n = (23) n = 23n is 2. The uniqueness of the
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that or, 4×144 = 16×36
there are no other primes in the factorization of (8) n .
Since there is no prime factor 5, (8) n cannot end with 576 = 576
the digit zero.
Thus LHS = RHS
65. 144 cartons of Coke cans and 90 cartons of Pepsi cans
are to be stacked in a canteen. If each stack is of 68. Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and verify that
the same height and if it equal contain cartons of the HCF × LCM = Product of two given numbers.
same drink, what would be the greatest number of Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
cartons each stack would have?
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
92 = 22 # 23
The required answer will be HCF of 144 and 90.
144 = 2 4 # 32 510 = 30 # 17 = 2 # 3 # 5 # 17
90 = 2 # 32 # 5 HCF (510, 92) = 2
HCF(144, 90) = 2 # 32 = 18 LCM (510, 92 = 22 # 23 # 3 # 5 # 14
Thus each stack would have 18 cartons. = 23460

HCF (510, 92) × LCM (510, 92)
66. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes
respectively. If they start tolling together, after what = 2 # 23460 = 46920
time will they next toll together?
Product of two numbers = 510×92 = 46920
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011, Set-44]
The required answer is the LCM of 9, 12, and 15 Hence, HCF×LCM = Product of two numbers
minutes.
69. The HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form
Finding prime factor of given number we have, 65m–117. Find the value of m . Also find the LCM of
65 and 117 using prime factorization method.
9 = 3 # 3 = 32
12 = 2 # 2 # 3 = 22 # 3
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
15 = 3 # 5
117 = 13 # 2 # 3
LCM(9, 12, 15) = 22 # 32 # 5
65 = 13 # 5
= 150 minutes
HCF(117, 65) = 13
The bells will toll next together after 180 minutes.
LCM(117, 65) = 13 # 5 # 3 # 3 = 585
67. Find HCF and LCM of 16 and 36 by prime factorization
HCF = 65m - 117
and check your answer.
Ans : 13 = 65m–117
Finding prime factor of given number we have, 65m = 117 + 13 = 130
16 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 = 2 4 m = 130 = 2
65
36 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 = 22 # 32
70. Express ^ 154 + 405 h as a decimal fraction without actual
HCF(16, 36) = 2 # 2 = 4 division.
LCM (16, 36) = 2 4 # 32 Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
= 16 # 9 = 144 We have 15 + 5 = 15 25 + 5 × 25
4 40 4 # 25 40 25
= 375 + 125
2
100 1000 p = m2
n
= 3.75 + 0.125 = 3.875 or, pn2 = m2 ...(1)
71. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational Here p divides pn2 . Thus p divides m2 and in result
number a . p also divides m .
b
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] Let m = pq for some integer q and putting m = pq
in eq. (1), we have
Let x = 0.3178
pn2 = p2 q2
x = 0.3178178178
or, n2 = pq2
10, 000x = 3178.178178...
Here p divides pq2 .Thus p divides n2 and in result p
10x = 3.178178.... also divides n .
Subtracting, 9990x = 3175 [ p is prime and p divides n2 & p divides n ]
or, x = 3175 = 635 Thus p is a common factor of m and n but this
9990 1998 contradicts the fact that m and n are primes. The
72. Prove that 2 is an irrational number. contradiction arises by assuming that p is rational.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] Hence, p is irrational.
Let 2 be a rational number. 74. Prove that 3 + 5 is an irrational number.

p Ans : [Board 2010]
Then 2 = ,
q Assume that 3 + 5 is a rational number, then we
where p and q are co-prime integers and have
q ! 0 On squaring both the sides we have,
p
3+ 5 = , q!0
p2 q
2 = 2
q p
5 = -3
or, p2 = 2p2 q
Since p2 is divisible by 2, thus p is also divisible by 2. p - 3q

5 =
q
Let p = 2r for some positive integer r , then we have Here 5 is irrational and p -q 3q is rational. But rational
p2 = 4r2 number cannot be equal to an irrational number.
Hence 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
2q2 = 4r2
75. Prove that 5 is an irrational number and hence
or, q2 = 2r2 show that 2 - 5 is also an irrational number.
Since q2 is divisible by 2, thus q is also divisible by 2. Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
We have seen that p and q are divisible by 2, which Assume that 5 be a rational number then we have
contradicts the fact that p and q are co-primes.
Hence, our assumption is false and 2 is irrational. 5 =a, (a ,b are co-primes and b ! 0 )
b
73. If p is prime number, then prove that p is an a =b 5
irrational.
Squaring both the sides, we have
a2 = 5b2
Let p be a prime number and if possible, let p be
rational Thus 5 is a factor of a2 and in result 5 is also
Thus p =m, a factor of a .
n
where m and n are co-primes and n ! 0 . Let a = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
Squaring on both sides, we get a2 = 25c2

Substituting a2 = 5b2 we have can write it in the form of ab where a and b are co-
prime integers and q ! 0 .
5b2 = 25c2
Assume that 3 be a rational number then we have
b2 = 5c2
3 =a,
2 b
Thus 5 is a factor of b and in result 5 is also a factor
where a and b are co-primes and b ! 0 .
of b .
Now a =b 3
Thus 5 is a common factor of a and b . But this
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus, Squaring both the sides, we have
our assumption that 5 is rational number is wrong.
Hence 5 is irrational. a2 = 3b2
Thus 3 is a factor of a2 and in result 3 is also a factor
Let us assume that 2 - 5 be rational equal to a ,
of a .
then we have Let a = 3c where c is some integer, then we have
2- 5 =a a2 = 9c2
2-a = 5 Substituting a2 = 3b2 we have
Since we have assume 2 - a is rational, but 5 is 3b2 = 9c2
not rational. Rational number cannot be equal to an
b2 = 3c2
irrational number. Thus 2 - 5 is irrational.
Thus 3 is a factor of b2 and in result 3 is also a factor
76. Show that exactly one of the number n, n + 2 or n + 4 of b .
is divisible by 3. Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b . But this
Ans : [Board SQP 2017] contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
If n is divisible by 3, clearly n + 2 and n + 4
is not divisible by 3. Hence 3 is irrational.
If n is not divisible by 3, then two case arise 78. Prove that 5 is an irrational number.
as given below.
Case 1: n = 3k + 1
n + 2 = 3k + 1 + 2 = 3k + 3 = 3 (k + 1)
5 =a,
and n + 4 = 3k + 1 + 4 = 3k + 5 = 3 (k + 1) + 2 b
We can clearly see that in this case n + 2 is divisible where a and b are co-primes and b ! 0 .
by 3 and n + 4 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case a =b 5
only n + 2 is divisible by 3.
Squaring both the sides, we have
Case 1: n = 3k + 2
a2 = 5b2
n + 2 = 3k + 2 + 2 = 3k + 4 = 3 (k + 1) + 1
Thus 5 is a factor of a2 and in result 5 is also a factor
and n + 4 = 3k + 2 + 4 = 3k + 6 = 3 (k + 2) of a .
We can clearly see that in this case n + 4 is divisible Let a = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
by 3 and n + 2 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case
a2 = 25c2
only n + 4 is divisible by 3.
Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n + 2, n + 4 is Substituting a2 = 5b2 we have
divisible by 3. 5b2 = 25c2
b2 = 5c2
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS Thus 5 is a factor of b2 and in result 5 is also a factor
of b .
77. Prove that 3 is an irrational number. Thus 5 is a common factor of a and b . But this
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
Assume that 3 is a rational number. Therefore, we Hence 5 is irrational.
79. Find HCF and LCM of 378, 180 and 420 by prime with the digit 5 ? Give reasons.
factorization method. Is HCF × LCM of these numbers Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
equal to the product of the given three numbers? n
If the number 6 for any n, were to end with
Ans : [Board 2009]
the digit five, then it would be divisible by 5.
Finding prime factor of given number we have, That is, the prime factorization of 6n would
contain the prime 5. This is not possible because the
378 = 2 # 33 # 7 only prime in the factorization of 6n = (2 # 3) n are 2
and 3. The uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem
180 = 22 # 32 # 5
of Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other
420 = 22 # 3 # 7 # 5 primes in the factorization of 6n . Since there is no
prime factor 5, 6n cannot end with the digit five.
HCF(378, 180, 420) = 2 # 3 = 6
82. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it
LCM(378, 180, 420) = 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 possible that HCF and LCM of two numbers be 24
= 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 = 3780 and 540 respectively. Justify your answer.
HCF×LCM = 6×3780 = 22680
Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic : Every
Product of given numbers integer greater than one ither is prime itself
or is the product of prime numbers and that
= 378 # 180 # 420
this product is unique. Up to the order of the factors.
= 28576800 LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by
their HCF. In other words LCM is always a multiple
Hence, HCF × LCM ! Product of three numbers.
of HCF. Since, 24 does not divide 540 two numbers
cannot have their HCF as 24 and LCM as 540.
80. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM
of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorization by HCF = 24
3.
LCM = 540
LCM = 540 = 22.5 not an integer
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic HCF 24
(FTA), also called the unique factorization
theorem or the unique-prime-factorization 83. For any positive integer n , prove that n3 - n is
theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 divisible by 6.
either is prime itself or is the product of a unique Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, 2012]
combination of prime numbers.
We have n3 - n = n (n2 - 1)
OR
= ^n - 1h n ^n + 1h
Every composite number can be expressed as the
product powers of primes and this factorization is = ^n - 1h n ^n + 1h
unique. 3
Thus n - n is product of three consecutive positive
Finding prime factor of given number we have, integers.
Since, any positive integers a is of the form 3q, 3q + 1
2520 = 20 # 126 = 20 # 6 # 21
or 3q + 2 for some integer q .
= 23 # 32 # 5 # 7 Let a, a + 1, a + 2 be any three consecutive integers.
10530 = 30 # 351 = 30 # 9 # 39 Case I : a = 3q
= 30 # 9 # 3 # 13 If a = 3q then,
4
= 2 # 3 # 5 # 13 a â + 1hâ + 2h = 3q ^3q + 1h^3q + 2h
3 4
LCM(2520, 10530) = 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 # 13 Product of two consecutive integers ^3q + 1h and
^3q + 2h is an even integer, say 2r .
= 294840
Thus a â + 1hâ + 2h = 3q ^2r h
81. Can the number 6n , n being a natural number, end

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= 6qr , which is divisible by 6. 85. Prove that 3 is an irrational number. Hence, show
that 7 + 2 3 is also an irrational number.
Case II : a = 3q + 1
If a = 3q + 1 then
a â + 1hâ + 2h = ^3q + 1h^3q + 2h^3q + 3h
3 =a, (a ,b are co-primes and b ! 0 )
b
= ^2r h^3 h^q + 1h
a =b 3
= 6r ^q + 1h
which is divisible by 6. Squaring both the sides, we have
Case III : a = 3q + 2 a2 = 3b2
If a = 3q + 2 then Thus 3 is a factor of a2 and in result 3 is also a factor
a â + 1hâ + 2h = ^3q + 2h^3q + 3h^3q + 4h of a .
= 3 ^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q + 4h Let a = 3c where c is some integer, then we have
Here ^3q + 2h and = 3 ^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q + 4h a2 = 9c2
= multiple of 6 every q Substituting a2 = 9b2 we have
= 6r (say) 3b2 = 9c2

which is divisible by 6. Hence, the product of three b2 = 3c2
consecutive integers is divisible by 6 and n3 - n is also Thus 3 is a factor of b2 and in result 3 is also a factor
divisible by 3. of b .
84. Prove that n2 - n is divisible by 2 for every positive Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b . But this
integer n . contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
Hence 3 is irrational.
We have n2 - n = n ^n - 1h Let us assume that 7 + 2 3 be rational equal to a ,
Thus n2 - n is product of two consecutive positive then we have
integers.
Any positive integer is of the form 2q or 2q + 1, for p
7+2 3 = q ! 0 and p and q are co-primes
some integer q . q
Case 1 : n = 2q p p - 7q
2 3 = -7 =
q q
If n = 2q we have p - 7q
or 3 =
n ^n - 1h = 2q ^2q - 1h 2q
Here p - 7q and 2q both are integers, hence 3
= 2m , should be a rational number. But this contradicts
where m = q ^2q - 1h which is divisible by 2. the fact that 3 is an irrational number. Hence our
assumption is not correct and 7 + 2 3 is irrational.
Case 1 : n = 2q + 1
86. Show that there is no positive integer n , for which
If n = 2q + 1, we have n - 1 + n - 1 is rational.
n ^n - 1h = (2q + 1) ^2q + 1 - 1h Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
= 2q ^2q + 1h Let us assume that there is a positive integer

n for which n - 1 + n - 1 is rational
= 2m and equal to qp , where p and q are positive
integers and ^q ! 0h .
where m = q ^2q + 1h which is divisible by 2.
p
Hence, n2 - n is divisible by 2 for every positive n-1+ n-1 = ...(1)
q
integer n .
q 1
or, =
p n-1+ n+1
= n-1- n+1
^ n - 1 + n + 1 h^ n - 1 - n + 1 h
= n-1- n+1
(n - 1) - (n + 1)
q n-1- n+1
or =
p -2
2q
n+1- n-1 = ...(2)
p
Adding (1) and (2), we get
p 2q p2 + 2q2
2 n+1 = + = ...(3)
q p pq
Subtracting (2) from (1) we have
(i) How many students are in the class?
p2 - 2q2 (a) 3 (b) 9
2 n-1 = ...(4)
pq
(c) 4 (d) 7
From (3) and (4), we observe that n + 1 and n - 1
both are rational because p and q both are rational. (ii) What is the highest prime number used by
But it possible only when ^n + 1h and ^n - 1h both are student?
perfect squares. But they differ by 2 and two perfect (a) 11 (b) 7
squares never differ by 2. So both ^n + 1h and ^n - 1h (c) 5 (d) 3
cannot be perfect squares, hence there is no positive
integer n for which n - 1 + n + 1 is rational. (iii) What is the least prime number used by students
?
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (a) 2 (b) 7
(c) 5 (d) 3
(iv) Which prime number has been used maximum
87. Shalvi is a tuition teacher and teaches mathematics
times ?
to some kids at her home. She is very innovative and
always plan new games to make her students learn (a) 2 (b) 7
concepts. (c) 5 (d) 3
Today, she has planned a prime number game. She
(v) Which prime number has been used minimum
announce the number 2 in her class and asked the
times ?
first student to multiply it by a prime number and
then pass it to second student. Second student also (a) 2 (b) 7
multiplied it by a prime number and passed it to third (c) 5 (d) 3
student. In this way by multiplying to a prime number Ans :
the last student got 173250. He told this number to
Shalvi in class. Now she asked some questions to the (i) Prime factorization of 173250,
students as given below. 173250 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 5 # 5 # 5 # 7 # 11
It includes 8 numbers. Number 2 has been used by
Shalvi. Remaining 7 numbers have been by 7 students.
Thus (d) is correct option.
(ii) Highest prime factor included in factorization of
173250 is 11.
Thus (a) is correct option.
(iii) Least prime factor included in factorization of
173250 is 2. But 2 is used by Shalvi, thus next least
prime number used by students is 3.

(iv) Number 5 has been used 3 times which is (b) Amar and Anthony will meet for the first
maximum. time on 21th stair.
Thus (c) is correct option. (d) Amar and Akbar will meet for the first time
(v) Number 7 has been used only one time. on 21th stair.
Thus (b) is correct option.
(v) What is the second stair where any two out of
88. Amar, Akbar and Anthony are playing a game. Amar three will meet together?
climbs 5 stairs and gets down 2 stairs in one turn. (a) Amar and Akbar will meet on 21th stair.
Akbar goes up by 7 stairs and comes down by 2 stairs (b) Akbar and Anthony will meet on 35th stair.
every time. Anthony goes 10 stairs up and 3 stairs
(c) Amar and Anthony will meet on 21th stair.
down each time.
(d) Amar and Anthony will meet on 35th stair.
Ans :
(i) Amar will reach up to 93th stairs then he will go
for 5 stairs up and 2 stairs down hence covering 96
stairs. Since 100th stair is final, so he will not cover
more stairs. Akbar will reach up to 95th stair, since
100th stair is final, so he will not cover more stairs.
Anthony will reach up to 91th stairs, since 100th stair
is final, so she will not cover more stairs. Thus amar
Doing this they have to reach to the nearest point reaches the nearest point.
of 100th stairs and they will stop once they find it Thus (a) is correct option.
impossible to go forward. They can not cross 100th (ii) We find the LCM of 3, 5, and 7.
stair in anyway. LCM (3, 5, 7) =105th stair.
(i) Who reaches the nearest point? Since, total stairs are 100, they all cannot meet in
(a) Amar between on same stair.
(b) Akbar Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) Anthony (iii) Amar will take ( 1003 = 33.33) 32 steps to reach to
96th stair, Akbar will take ( 1005 = 20) 19 steps to reach
(d) All together reach to the nearest point.
to 9th stairs and Anthony will take ( 1007 = 14.22) 13
(ii) How many times can they meet in between on steps to reach 91th stairs.
same stair ? Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 3 (iv) Since LCM(3, 5)=15 ; LCM(5, 7)=35 ; LCM(3,
(b) 4 7)=21. Since, 15 is the smallest so Amar and Akbar
will meet for the first time on 15th stair.
(c) 5
(d) No, they cannot meet in between on same (v) As already calculated in (iii), LCM(3, 7) =21
stair.
Thus (c) is correct option.
(iii) Who takes least number of steps to reach near
hundred? 89. The Republic Day parade, first held in 1950, has
been a yearly ritual since. The parade marches from
(a) Amar
the Rashtrapati Bhawan along the Rajpath in New
(b) Akbar Delhi. Several regiments of the army, navy, and air
(c) Anthony force, along with their bands, march to India Gate.
The parade is presided over by the President of India,
(d) All of them take equal number of steps.
who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed
(iv) What is the first stair where any two out of three Forces. As he unfurls the tricolour, the national anthem
will meet together? is played. The regiments of the Armed Forces then
(a) Amar and Akbar will meet for the first time start their march past. Prestigious awards like Kirti
on 15th stair. Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Paramvir Chakra and Vir
Chakra are given out by the President. Nine to twelve
(b) Akbar and Anthony will meet for the first
different regiments of the Indian Army, in addition
time on 35th stair.
to the Navy and Air Force march toward India Gate (a) 4 Soldiers and 4 Bikers
along with their bands. Contingents of paramilitary (b) 12 Soldiers and 12 Bikers
forces and other civil forces also participate in the
parade. (c) 6 Soldiers and 6 Bikers
(d) 12 Soldiers and 6 Bikers
Ans :
(i) We will find the HCF (624, 32) = 16
(ii) We will find the HCF (228, 468) = 12.
According to the question, we have to find out
HCF(624, 32, 228, 468) = 4
On 71th republic day parade, captain RS Meel is (iii) Alternatively we can find,
planing for parade of following two group: HCF (16, 12) = 4
(a) First group of Army troops of 624 members Thus (b) is correct option.
behind an army band of 32 members.
(iv) Maximum number of column of army troop is 16.
(b) Second group of CRPF troops with 468 soldiers But 228 and 468 are not divisible by 16. If we subtract
behind the 228 members of bikers. 4 from 228 and 468, both(224 and 464) are divisible
These two groups are to march in the same number by 16.
of columns. This sequence of soldiers is followed by Thus (a) is correct option.
different states Jhanki which are showing the culture
(v) Maximum number of column of army troop is 16.
of the respective states.
But 228 and 468 are not divisible by 16. If we add 12
(i) What is the maximum number of columns in in 228 and 468, both(240 and 480) are divisible by 16.
which the army troop can march?
(a) 8 (b) 16 90. Thus (b) is correct option. Lavanya wants to organize
her birthday party. She is very happy on her birthday.
(c) 4 (d) 32 She is very health conscious, thus she decided to serve
(ii) What is the maximum number of columns in fruits only in her birthday party.
which the CRPF troop can march?
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 12 (d) 16
(iii) What is the maximum number of columns in
which total army troop and CRPF troop together
can march past?
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
(iv) What should be subtracted with the numbers of
CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
their maximum number of column is equal to the
maximum number of column of army troop?
(a) 4 Soldiers and 4 Bikers
She has 36 apples and 60 bananas at home and decided
(b) 4 Soldiers and 2 Bikers to serve them. She wants to distribute fruits among
(c) 2 Soldiers and 4 Bikers guests. She does not want to discriminate among
(d) 2 Soldiers and 2 Bikers guests, so she decided to distribute fruits equally
among all.
(v) What should be added with the numbers of
(i) How many maximum guests Shalvi can invite?
CRPF soldiers and the number of bikers so that
their maximum number of column is equal to the (a) 12 (b) 120
maximum number of column of army troop? (c) 6 (d) 180

(ii) How many apples and bananas will each guest comes in a pack of 6 pieces.
get?
(a) 3 apple 5 banana
(b) 5 apple 3 banana
(c) 2 apple 4 banana
(d) 4 apple 2 banana
On a particular day, Ashish has supplied x packets of
(iii) Lavanya decide to add 42 mangoes also. In this
bread and y packets of jam to the school. On the
case how many maximum guests Lavanya can
same day, Ashish has supplied 3x packets of bread
invite ?
along with sufficient packets of jam to hospital. It is
(a) 12 (b) 120 known that the number of students in the school are
(c) 6 (d) 180 between 500 and 550.
(iv) How many total fruits will each guest get? (i) How many students are there in school?
(a) 6 apple 5 banana and 6 mangoes (a) 508 (b) 504
(b) 6 apple 10 banana and 7 mangoes (c) 512 (d) 548
(c) 3 apple 5 banana and 7 mangoes (ii) How many packets of bread are supplied in the
(d) 3 apple 10 banana and 6 mangoes school?
(a) 63 packets (b) 86 packets
(v) If Lavanya decide to add 3 more mangoes and
(c) 65 packets (d) 84 packets
remove 6 apple in total fruits, in this case how
many maximum guests Lavanya can invite ? (iii) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
(a) 12 (b) 30 school?
(c) 15 (d) 24 (a) 63 packets (b) 86 packets
Ans : (c) 65 packets (d) 84 packets
(i) In this case we need to calculate HCF (36, 60) =12. (iv) How many packets of bread are supplied in the
Thus fruits will be equally distributed among 12 hospital?
guests. (a) 189 packets (b) 252 packets
Thus (a) is correct option. (c) 165 packets (d) 288 packets
(ii) Out of 36 apples, each guest will get 1236 = 3 (v) How many packets of jams are supplied in the
apples and out of 60 bananas, each guest will get hospital?
5 = 12 bananas.
60
(a) 248 packets (b) 252 packets

(c) 165 packets (d) 288 packets
(iii) In this case we need to calculate HCF (36, 42,
60) =6. Ans :
Thus fruits will be equally distributed among 6 guests. (i) First we will find LCM (8, 6) =24. Now we will
Thus (c) is correct option. find a multiple of 24 in between 500 and 550 i.e., 504
(iv) Out of 36 apples, each guest will get 366 = 6 or 528. Thus there 504 students in school.
apples and out of 42 mangoes, each guest will get Thus (b) is correct option.
6 = 7 mangoes, out of 60 bananas, each guest
42
(ii) For equal distribution of bread among each
will get 606 = 10 bananas. Thus each guest will get student, we need 504 pieces of bread. Hence, we need
6 + 7 + 12 = 25 fruits. 8 = 63 i.e. 63 packets of bread.
504
Thus (b) is correct option. Thus (a) is correct option.

(v) Now Lavanya has 30 apples, 60 bananas, and 45 (iii) For equal distribution of jam pieces among each
mangoes. HCF (30, 45, 60) = 15. Thus Lavanya can student, we need 504 pieces of jam. Hence, we need
invite 15 guest. 6 = 84 i.e. 84 packets of jam.
504
Thus (c) is correct option. Thus (d) is correct option.

91. Ashish supplies bread and jams to a hospital and a (iv) For hospital, we need 3x packets of bread i.e.
school. Bread and jam are supplied in equal number 3 # 63 = 189 packets of bread.
of pieces. Bread comes in a packet of 8 pieces and Jam Thus (a) is correct option.
(v) Since, number of bread pieces are 189 # 8 = 1512 Ans :

, so we need same number of jam pieces. Hence (i) By dividing all the options by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11,
1512
6 = 252 packets of jam are distributed in the hospital. we will get that 539 is the only option which leaves
Thus (b) is correct option. remainder 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0 respectively.
92. Mahesh works as a manager in a hotel. He has to
arrange chairs in hall for a function. The hall has a (ii) After removing 1 chair, we are left with 538 chairs.
certain number of chairs. Guests want to sit in different On arranging chairs in pair of 3’s, 4’s, 5’s, 6’s, 11’s ;
groups like in pairs, triplets, quadruplets, fives and 1, 2, 3 ,4, 10 chairs are left. So, only pair of 2 chairs
sixes etc. Mahesh want to arrange chairs in such a way is possible now.
that there are no chair left after arrangement. Thus (a) is correct option.
(iii) 539 chairs are already arranged in pair of 11’s.
On adding 1 extra chair, that 1 chair will be left only.
(iv) 539 is divisible by 7 and remainder is zero, so
arranging chairs in pair of 7’s, no chair will be left.
(v) If 539 is divided by 9, remainder is 8, so arranging
chairs in pair of 9’s, 8 chair will be left.
When Mahesh arranges chairs in such pattern like in Are you opting for Maths/Applied Maths in 11th ?
2’s, 3’s, 4’s 5’s and 6’s then 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 chairs are NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY TEXT BOOK
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(i) In the hall, how many chairs are available? Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
(a) 407 (b) 143 or Scan Code
(c) 539 (d) 209
(ii) If one chair is removed, which arrangement is
possible now?
(a) Pair of 2 chairs
(iii) If one chair is added to the total number of chairs,
how many chairs will be left when arranged in
11’s.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
(iv) How many chairs will be left in original arrangement
if same number of chairs are arranged in 7’s?
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
(v) How many chairs will be left in original
arrangement if same number of chairs will be
arranged in 9’s?
(a) 8 (b) 1
(c) 6 (d) 3

Chap 2 Polynomials Page 25
CHAPTER 2
POLYNOMIALS
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 10 + k = 0 & k =- 10
4. Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose

1. If one zero of a quadratic polynomial (kx2 + 3x + k) is zeroes is - 5 and their product is 6.
2, then the what is the value of k ? Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Let a and b be the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial,
We have 2
p (x) = kx + 3x + k then we have
Since, 2 is a zero of the quadratic polynomial a + b =- 5
p (2) = 0 and ab = 6
k (2) 2 + 3 (2) + k = 0 Now p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab
4k + 6 + k = 0 = x2 - (- 5) x + 6
5k =- 6 & k =- 6 = x2 + 5x + 6
5
5. If one zero of the polynomial (3x2 + 8x + k) is the
2. The graph of a polynomial is shown in Figure. What reciprocal of the other, then what is the value of k ?
is the number of its zeroes? Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Let the zeroes be a and 1 .

a
Product of zeroes,
a$ 1 = constant
a coefficient of x2
1 =k & k =3
3
6. What is the value of x , for which the polynomials

x2 - 1 and x2 - 2x + 1 vanish simultaneously?
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
Since, the graph cuts the x -axis at 3 points, the Both expression ^x - 1h^x + 1h and
number of zeroes of polynomial p (x) is 3. ^x - 1h^x - 1h have 1 as zero. This both
vanish if x = 1.
3. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is
2, then the what is the value of k ? Thus (d) is correct option.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 7. If a and b are zeroes and the quadratic polynomial
2
f ^x h = x2 - x - 4 , then what is the value of a1 + b1 - ab
We have p (x) = x + 3x + k ?
If 2 is a zero of p (x), then we have Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2017]
p (2) = 0
We have f ^x h = x2 - x - 4
2
(2) + 3 (2) + k = 0
a + b =- - 1 = 1 and ab = - 4 - 4
4+6+k = 0 1 1
Page 26 Polynomials Chap 2
Now 1 + 1 - ab = a + b - ab 0 = 9k - 9 - 3k + 1
a b ab
0 = 6k - 8
=- 1 + 4 = 15
4 4 k =8 =4
6 3
8. What is the lowest value of x2 + 4x + 2 ?
12. Find a quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are - 3
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2013]
and 4 ?
We have x2 + 4x + 2 = ^x2 + 4x + 4h - 2 Ans : [Board 2010]
= ^x + 2h2 - 2 We have a =- 3 and b = 4 .

Here ^x + 2h is always positive and its lowest
2
Sum of zeros a + b =- 3 + 4 = 1
value is zero. Thus lowest value of ^x + 2h2 - 2
is - 2 when x + 2 = 0 . Product of zeros, a $ b =- 3 # 4 =- 12
So, the quadratic polynomial is
9. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial
f ^x h = 2x3 - 3kx2 + 4x - 5 is 6, then what is the value x2 - â + b h x + ab = x2 - 1 # x + ^- 12h
of k
= x2 - x - 12
2
= x -x -6
Sum of the zeroes, 6 = 3k 2 2
2
13. The graph of y = p (x), where p (x) is a polynomial in
k = 12 = 4 variable x , is as follows.
3
10. If the square of difference of the zeroes of the quadratic

polynomial x2 + px + 45 is equal to 144, then what is
the value of p ?
Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2014]
We have f ^x h = x2 + px + 45
-p
Then, a+b = =- p
1
and ab = 45 = 45
1
The number of zeroes of p (x) is .......... .
According to given condition, we have
â - b h2 = 144
The graph of the given polynomial p (x) crosses the
â + b h2 - 4ab = 144 x -axis at 5 points. So, number of zeroes of p (x) is 5.
^- p h2 - 4 ^45h = 144 14. If one root of the equation (k - 1) x2 - 10x + 3 = 0 is
the reciprocal of the other then the value of k is .........
p2 = 144 + 180 = 324 & p = ! 18
11. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial We have (k - 1) x2 - 10x + 3 = 0
^k - 1h x2 + kx + 1 is - 3 , then what is the value of k ?
Let one root be a , then another root will be 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013] a
1 c 3
If a is zero of quadratic polynomial f ^x h , then Now a$
a
= =
a (k - 1)
f â h = 0 3
1 =
So, f ^- 3h = ^k - 1h^- 3h + ^- 3h k + 1
2 (k - 1)
0 = ^k - 1h^9 h - 3k + 1 k-1 = 3 & k = 4

15. If a and b are the roots of ax2 - bx + c = 0 (a ! 0), 3x2 - kx + 6 is 3, then find the value of k .
then calculate a + b . Ans : [Board 2009]
We have p (x) = 3x2 - kx - 6
We know that
Sum of the zeroes = 3 = - coefficient of x2
Sum of the roots =- coefficient of x2 coefficient of x
coefficient of x
^- k h
Thus a + b =- b - b l = b Thus 3 =-
3
& k =9
a a
16. Calculate the zeroes of the polynomial 19. If - 1 is a zero of the polynomial f (x) = x2 - 7x - 8 ,
p ^x h = 4x2 - 12x + 9. then calculate the other zero.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2010] Ans :
p (x) = 4x2 - 12x + 9 We have f ^x h = x2 - 7x - 8
= 4x2 - 6x - 6x + 9 Let other zero be k , then we have
= 2x (2x - 3) - 3 (2x - 3) Sum of zeroes, - 1 + k =- b - 7 l = 7

1
= (2x - 3) (2x - 3)
or k =8
Substituting p (x) = 0 , and solving we get x = 32 , 3
2
20. If zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are a and 2 ,
x = 3, 3 a
2 2 then find the value of a .
Hence, zeroes of the polynomial are 32 , 32 . Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
17. In given figure, the graph of a polynomial p (x) is Product of (zeroes) roots,
shown. Calculate the number of zeroes of p (x). c = 2a = a 2
a 1 #a =2
or, 2a = 2
Thus a =1
21. Find all the zeroes of f ^x h = x2 - 2x .

We have f ^x h = x2 - 2x
= x ^x - 2h
Substituting f (x) = 0 , and solving we get x = 0, 2
Hence, zeroes are 0 and 2.
22. Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial

p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c are reciprocal of each other.
Ans : [ Board Term-1 2012]
We have p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c
Let a and 1 be the zeroes of p ^x h , then

a
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] Product of zeroes,
The graph intersects x-axis at one point x = 1. Thus c =a 1 c
the number of zeroes of p ^x h is 1. a # a = 1 or a = 1
18. If sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial So, required condition is, c = a
23. Find the values of a and b , if they are the zeroes of 6 - 3a + b = 0

polynomial x2 + ax + b .
- 3a + b =- 6
3a - b = 6 ...(2)
We have p (x) = x2 + ax + b
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get
Since a and b , are the zeroes of polynomial, 5a = 0 & a = 0
we get, Substituting value of a in equation (1), we get
Product of zeroes, ab = b & a = 1 b =- 6
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- a & b =- 2a =- 2 Hence, a = 0 and b =- 6 .
24. What are the zeroes of the polynomial

x2 - 3x - m (m + 3) ? TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
We have p (x) = x2 - 3x - m (m + 3) 26. If zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are a and 2 ,

a
then find the value of a .
Substituting x =- m in p (x) we have
p (- m) = (- m) 2 - 3 (- m) - m (m + 3)
Product of (zeroes) roots,
2 2
= m + 3m - m - 3m = 0 c = 2a = a 2
a 1 #a =2
Thus x =- m is a zero of given polynomial.
Now substituting x = m + 3 in given polynomial we or, 2a = 2
have
Thus a =1
p (x) = (m + 3) 2 - 3 (m + 3) - m (m + 3)
27. Find all the zeroes of f ^x h = x2 - 2x .
= (m + 3) [m + 3 - 3 - m]
= (m + 3) [0] = 0
We have f ^x h = x2 - 2x
Thus x = m + 3 is also a zero of given polynomial.
= x ^x - 2h
Hence, - m and m + 3 are the zeroes of given
polynomial. Substituting f (x) = 0 , and solving we get x = 0, 2
Hence, zeroes are 0 and 2.
25. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
x2 + â + 1h x + b are 2 and - 3 , then find the value 28. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
of a and b . 3 x2 - 8x + 4 3 .
Ans : Ans : [ Board Term-1 2013]
If a is zero of the polynomial, then f â h = 0 . We have p ^x h = 3 x2 - 8x + 4 3

Here, 2 and - 3 are zeroes of the polynomial
x2 + â + 1h x + b = 3 x2 - 6x - 2x + 4 3
So, f ^2 h = ^2 h2 + â + 1h (- 3) + b = 0 = 3 x ^x - 2 3 h - 2 ^x - 2 3 h
4 + 2a + 2 + b = 0 = ^ 3 x - 2h^x - 2 3 h
6 + 2a + b = 0 Substituting p (x) = 0 , we have
2a + b =- 6 ...(1) ^ 3 x - 2h^x - 2 3 h p (x) = 0

Again, f ^- 3h = ^- 3h2 + â + 1h 2 + b = 0 Solving we get x = 2
3
, 2 3
9 - 3 â + 1h + b = 0 Hence, zeroes are 2 and 2 3 .

3
9 - 3a - 3 + b = 0
29. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of

whose zeroes are 6 and 9 respectively. Hence find the 2

m + n = m2 + n2 = (m + n) - 2mn (1)
zeroes. We have
n m mn mn
Sum of zeroes m + n = - 11
3
Sum of zeroes, a+b = 6
Product of zeroes ab = 9 Product of zeroes mn = - 4
3
Now p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab
Substituting in (1) we have
Thus = x2 - 6x + 9 2
m + n = (m + n) - 2mn
Thus quadratic polynomial is x2 - 6x + 9 . n m mn
Now p (x) = x2 - 6x + 9 = ^x - 3h^x - 3h
(- 113 ) 2 - -34 # 2
= -4
Substituting p (x) = 0 , we get x = 3, 3 3
Hence zeroes are 3, 3 = 121 + 4 # 3 # 2

-4 # 3
30. Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and product
or m + n = - 145
of the zeroes are 21 and 5 respectively. n m 12
8 16
33. If p and q are the zeroes of polynomial
Sum of zeroes, a + b = 21 f ^x h = 2x2 - 7x + 3 , find the value of p2 + q2 .
8
Product of zeroes ab = 5 We have f ^x h = 2x2 - 7x + 3

16
Now p (x) x2 - (a + b) x + ab Sum of zeroes p + q = - b =- b - 7 l = 7

a 2 2
= x2 - 21 x + 5
8 16 Product of zeroes pq = c = 3
a 2
p (x) = 1 ^16x2 - 42x + 5h
^p + q h2 = p + q + 2pq
or Since, 2 2
16
so, p2 + q2 = ^p + q h2 - 2pq
31. Form a quadratic polynomial p ^x h with 3 and - 2 as
5
= b 7 l - 3 = 49 - 3 = 37
2
sum and product of its zeroes, respectively.
2 4 1 4
Hence p2 + q2 = 37
4 .
Sum of zeroes, a + b = 3
34. Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial
Product of zeroes ab =- 2 p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c are reciprocal of each other.
5
Now p (x) x2 - (a + b) x + ab
We have p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c
= x - 3x - 2
2
5
Let a and 1 be the zeroes of p ^x h , then
a
= 1 ^5x2 - 15x - 2h Product of zeroes,
5
The required quadratic polynomial is 15 ^5x2 - 15x - 2h c =a 1 c
# a = 1 or a = 1
a
32. If m and n are the zeroes of the polynomial So, required condition is, c = a
3x2 + 11x - 4 , find the value of m + n .
n m 35. Find the value of k if - 1 is a zero of the polynomial
p ^x h = kx2 - 4x + k .
We have p ^x h = kx2 - 4x + k ^6 h2 - 2k = 40
Since, - 1 is a zero of the polynomial, then 36 - 2k = 40
p ^- 1h = 0
- 2k =4
k ^- 1h2 - 4 ^- 1h + k = 0
Thus k =- 2
k+4+k = 0
39. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
2k + 4 = 0 f ^x h = 14x2 - 42k2 x - 9 is negative of the other, find
2k =- 4 the value of ‘k ’.
Hence, k =- 2
We have f ^x h = 14x2 - 42k2 x - 9
2
36. If a and b are the zeroes of a polynomial x - 4 3 x + 3,
then find the value of a + b - ab . Let one zero be a , then other zero will be - a .
Ans : [ Board Term-1 2015] Sum of zeroes a + ^- ah = 0 .
Thus sum of zero will be 0.
We have p (x) = x2 - 4 3 x + 3
If a and b are the zeroes of x2 - 4 3 x + 3 , then Sum of zeroes 0 =- Coefficient of x2
Coefficient of x
^- 4 3 h
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- b =- 2
a 1 0 =- 42k =- 3k2
14
or, a+b = 4 3 Thus k = 0 .
Product of zeroes ab = c = 3 40. If one zero of the polynomial 2x2 + 3x + l is 12 , find

a 1
the value of l and the other zero.
or, ab = 3 Ans : [ Board Term-1 2012]
Now a + b - ab = 4 3 - 3 . Let, the zero of 2x2 + 3x + l be 1 and b .

2
37. Find the values of a and b , if they are the zeroes of
polynomial x2 + ax + b . Product of zeroes c , 1b = l
a 2 2
or, b =l
We have p (x) = x2 + ax + b
and sum of zeroes - b , 1 + b = - 3
Since a and b , are the zeroes of polynomial, we get, a 2 2
Product of zeroes, ab = b & a = 1 or b =- 3 - 1 =- 2

2 2
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- a & b =- 2a =- 2
Hence l = b =- 2
38. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
f ^x h = x2 - 6x + k , find the value of k , such that Thus other zero is - 2 .
a2 + b2 = 40 .
41. If a and b are zeroes of the polynomial f ^x h = x2 - x - k
, such that a - b = 9 , find k .
We have f ^x h = x2 - 6x + k Ans : [ Board Term-1 2013 ]
- ^- 6h We have f ^x h = x2 - x - k
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- b = =6
a 1 Since a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial, then
Product of zeroes, ab = c = k = k Sum of zeroes, a + b =- Coefficient of x2

a 1 Coefficient of x
Now a2 + b2 = â + bh2 - 2ab = 40 =- b - 1 l = 1

1

a+b = 1 ...(1) We have p (x) = x2 - ^k - 6h x + 2 ^2k - 1h

Since a , b are the zeroes of polynomial p (x), we get
Given a-b = 9 ...(2)
a + b = - 8- ^k - 6hB = k - 6
Solving (1) and (2) we get a = 5 and b = - 4
ab = 2 ^2k - 1h
ab = Constan term 2
Coefficient of x
or ab =- k Now a + b = 1 ab
2
Substituting a = 5 and b =- 4 we have 2 ^2k - 1h
Thus k+6 =
^5h^- 4h =- k 2
Thus k = 20 or, k - 6 = 2k - 1
42. If the zeroes of the polynomial x2 + px + q are double k =- 5

in value to the zeroes of 2x2 - 5x - 3 , find the value Hence the value of k is - 5 .
of p and q .
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012 ] THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
We have f ^x h = 2x2 - 5x - 3
Let the zeroes of polynomial be a and b , then 44. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are
reciprocals of the zeroes of the polynomial
Sum of zeroes a+b = 5 f (x) = ax2 + bx + c , a ! 0 , c ! 0 .
2
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Product of zeroes ab =- 3 Let a and b be zeros of the given polynomial

2
ax2 + bx + c .
According to the question, zeroes of x2 + px + q are
2a and 2b . a + b = - b and ab = c
a a
-p Let a1 and 1
be the zeros of new polynomial then we
Sum of zeros, 2a + 2b = b
1
have
2 â + bh =- p b+a
Sum of zeros, s = 1 +1 =
Substituting a + b = 5
we have a b ab
2
= -c a = - b
b
2 # 5 =- p
2 a c
or p =- 5 Product of zeros, p = 1 $ 1 = 1 = a
a b ab c
q
Product of zeroes, 2a2b = Required polynomial,
1
g (x) = x2 - sx + p
4ab = q
Substituting ab =- 32 we have g (x) = x2 + b x + a
c c
4 # -3 = q cg (x) = cx2 + bx + a
2
gl (x) = cx2 + bx + a
-6 = q
Thus p =- 5 and q =- 6 . 45. Verify whether 2, 3 and 12 are the zeroes of the
polynomial p ^x h = 2x3 - 11x2 + 17x - 6 .
43. If a and b are zeroes of x2 - ^k - 6h x + 2 ^2k - 1h , find Ans : [ Board Term-1 2013 ]
the value of k if a + b = 1 ab . If 2, 3 and 12 are the zeroes of the polynomial p (x),
2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] then these must satisfy p (x) = 0
(1) 2, p ^x h = 2x2 - 11x2 + 17x - 6 We have f ^x h = 3x2 - 8x + 2k + 1

p ^2 h = 2 ^2 h3 - 11 ^2 h2 + 17 ^2 h - 6 Let a and b be the zeroes of the polynomial, then
b = 7a
= 16 - 44 + 34 - 6
= 50 - 50 Sum of zeroes, a + b = - b- 8 l
3
or p ^2 h = 0
a + 7a = 8a = 8
3
(2) 3, p ^3 h = 2 ^3 h - 11 ^3 h + 17 ^3 h - 6
3 2
= 54 - 99 + 51 - 6 So a =1
3
= 105 - 105
Product of zeroes, a # 7a = 2k + 1
3
or p ^3 h = 0
(3) 1
p b 1 l = 2 b 1 l - 11 b 1 l + 17 b 1 l - 6
3 2
7a2 = 2k + 1
2 2 2 2 2 3
7 b 1 l = 2k + 1
2
= 1 - 11 + 17 - 6 3 3
4 4 2
or pb 1 l = 0 7 # 1 = 2k + 1
2 9 1
Hence, 2, 3, and 1
are the zeroes of p ^x h . 7 - 1 = 2k
2 3
46. If the sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial 4 = 2k & k = 2
ax2 - 5x + c are equal to 10 each, find the value of 'a' 3 3
and 'c' .
48. Quadratic polynomial 2x2 - 3x + 1 has zeroes as a
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] and b . Now form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes
are 3a and 3b .
We have f ^x h = ax2 - 5x + c
Let the zeroes of f ^x h be a and b , then,
We have f ^x h = 2x2 - 3x + 1
Sum of zeroes a + b =- - 5 = 5
a a If a and b are the zeroes of 2x2 - 3x + 1, then
Product of zeroes ab = c Sum of zeroes a + b = -b = 3

a a 2
According to question, the sum and product of the
zeroes of the polynomial f ^x h are equal to 10 each. Product of zeroes ab = c = 1
a 2
5 = 10 New quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3a and
Thus ...(1)
a 3b is,
and c = 10 ...(2) p (x) = x2 - ^3a + 3bh x + 3a×3b

a
Dividing (2) by eq. (1) we have = x2 - 3 â + bh x + 9ab
c =1 &c=5
5 = x2 - 3 b 3 l x + 9 b 1 l
2 2
Substituting c = 5 in (2) we get a = 1
2
= x2 - 9 x + 9
Hence a = 1
2 and c = 5 . 2 2
47. If one the zero of a polynomial 3x2 - 8x + 2k + 1 is = 1 ^2x2 - 9x + 9h

seven times the other, find the value of k . 2
Ans : [ Board Term-1 2011] Hence, required quadratic polynomial is 12 ^2x2 - 9x + 9h

49. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial 6y2 - 7y + 2, 51. A teacher asked 10 of his students to write a polynomial
find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are a1 and in one variable on a paper and then to handover the
1
b. paper. The following were the answers given by the
Ans : [ Board Term-1 2011] students :
2x + 3 , 3x2 + 7x + 2 , 4x3 + 3x2 + 2 , x3 + 3x + 7,
We have p ^y h = 6y2 - 7y + 2 7x + 7 , 5x3 - 7x + 2 , 2x2 + 3 - x5 , 5x - 12 ,
3 2
ax + bx + cx + d , x + x .
1
Sum of zeroes a + b =- b- 7 l = 7
6 6
Answer the following question :
(i) How many of the above ten, are not
Product of zeroes ab = 2 = 1
6 3 polynomials?
(ii) How many of the above ten, are quadratic polyno-
Sum of zeroes of new polynomial g (y) mials?
1 +1 = a+b = 7 6 = 7 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
a b ab 2 6 2 (i) x3 + 3x + 7, 2x2 + 3 - 5 and x + 1 are not poly-
x x
and product of zeroes of new polynomial g (y), nomials.
1 1 = 1 = 1 =3 (ii) 3x2 + 7x + 2 is only one quadratic polynomial.

a#b ab 1 3
52. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 - 2 2 x
The required polynomial is and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the
coefficients.
g (x) = y2 - 7 y + 3 = 1 62y2 - 7y + 6@ Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2 2
We have p ^x h x2 - 2 2 x = 0
50. Show that 12 and -23 are the zeroes of the polynomial
4x2 + 4x - 3 and verify relationship between zeroes x ^x - 2 2 h = 0
and coefficients of the polynomial.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] Thus zeroes are 0 and 2 2 .
We have p ^x h = 4x2 + 4x - 3 Sum of zeroes 2 2 =- Coefficient of x2

Coefficient of x
If 12 and -23 are the zeroes of the polynomial p (x),
then these must satisfy p (x) = 0 and product of zeroes 0 = Constan term 2
Coefficient of x
pb 1 l = 4b 1 l + 4b 1 l - 3 Hence verified.
2 4 2
= 1+2-3 = 0 53. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial

5x2 + 8x - 4 and verify the relationship between the
and p b- 3 l = 4 b 9 l + 4 b- 3 l - 3 zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
2 2 2
= 9-6-3 = 0
We have p ^x h = 5x2 + 8x - 4 = 0
Thus 1 , - 3 are zeroes of polynomial 4x2 + 4x - 3 . = 5x2 + 10x - 2x - 4 = 0
2 2
Sum of zeroes = 1 - 3 =- 1 = - 4 = 5x ^x + 2h - 2 ^x + 2h = 0
2 2 4
= ^x + 2h^5x - 2h
=- Coefficient of x2
Coefficient of x Substituting p (x) = 0 we get zeroes as - 2 and 25 .
Product of zeroes = b 1 lb- 3 l = - 3 Verification :

2 2 4
Sum of zeroes = - 2 + 2 = - 8
= Constan term 2 Verified 5 5
Coefficient of x
Product of zeroes = ^- 2h # b 2 l = - 4
5 5
Now from polynomial we have We have p ^x h = x2 + 7x + 9
Sum of zeroes - b =- Coefficient of x2 = - 8 q ^x h = x + 2

a Coefficient of x 5
r ^x h =- 1
Product of zeroes c = Constan term 2 = - 4
a Coefficient of x 5 Now p ^x h = g ^x h q ^x h + r ^x h
Hence Verified. x2 + 7x + 9 = g ^x h^x + 2h - 1

2
54. If a and b are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial or, g ^x h = x + 7x + 10
x+2
such that a + b = 24 and a - b = 8 . Find the
quadratic polynomial having a and b as its zeroes. ^x + 2h^x + 5h
= = x+5
Ans : [Board 2009] ^x + 2h
We have a + b = 24 ...(1) Thus g ^x h = x + 5
a-b = 8 ...(2) 57. Find the value for k for which x 4 + 10x3 + 25x2 + 15x + k
Adding equations (1) and (2) we have is exactly divisible by x + 7 .
2a = 32 & a = 16 Ans : [Board Term 2010]
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have We have f ^x h = x 4 + 10x3 + 25x2 + 15x + k

2b = 16 & b = 8 If x + 7 is a factor then - 7 is a zero of f ^x h and
Hence, the quadratic polynomial x =- 7 satisfy f ^x h = 0 .
Thus substituting x =- 7 in f (x) and equating to
p (x) = x2 - â + bh x + ab zero we have,
= x2 - ^16 + 8h x + ^16h^8h ^- 7h4 + 10 ^- 7h3 + 25 ^- 7h2 + 15 ^- 7h + k = 0
= x2 - 24x + 128 2401 - 3430 + 1225 - 105 + k = 0
3626 - 3535 + k = 0
55. If a, b and g are zeroes of the polynomial
6x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 1, then find the value of 91 + k = 0
a-1 + b-1 + g-1 .
k =- 91
Ans : [Board 2010]
We have p (x) = 6x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 1 58. On dividing the polynomial 4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 46x - 2
by the polynomial g ^x h , the quotient is
Since a, b and g are zeroes polynomial p (x), we have x2 - 3x - 5 and the remainder is - 5x + 8 .
Find the polynomial g ^x h .
a + b + g =- b =- 3 =- 1
c 6 2 Ans : [Board 2009]
ab + bg + ga = c =- 5 Dividend = ^Divisor # Quotienth + Remainder

a 6
4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x3 - 46x - 2
and abg =- d =- 1 = g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h + ^- 5x + 8h
a 6
1 + 1 + 1 = ab + bg + ga 4x2 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 46x - 2 + 5x - 8

Now
a b g abg
= g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h
- 5
= = -5 # 6 = 5
6
4x 4 - 5x3 - 39x2 - 41x - 10 = g ^x h^x2 - 3x - 5h
- 1
6
6 -1
4 3 2
Hence a-1 + b-1 + g-1 = 5 . g ^x h = 4x - 5x 2- 39x - 41x - 10
^x - 3x - 5h
56. When p ^x h = x2 + 7x + 9 is divisible by g ^x h , we Hence, g ^x h = 4x2 + 7x + 2
get ^x + 2h and - 1 as the quotient and remainder
respectively, find g ^x h . 59. If the squared difference of the zeroes of the quadratic
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] polynomial f ^x h = x2 + px + 45 is equal to 144, find

the value of p . - 3p + q - 45 = 0
Ans : [Board 2008]
3p - q =- 45 ...(2)
We have f ^x h = x2 + px + 45 Subtracting equation (2) from (1) we have
Let a and b be the zeroes of the given quadratic
p =- 35
polynomial.
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- p Substituting the value of p in equation (1) we have
Product of zeroes ab = 45 4 ^- 35h - q =- 80

- 140 - q =- 80
Given, â - bh = 144
2
- q = 140 - 80
â + bh - 4ab = 144
2
Substituting value of a + b and ab we get or - q = 60

q =- 60
^- p h2 - 4 # 45 = 144
p2 - 180 = 144 Hence, p =- 35 and q = - 60 .
p2 = 144 + 180 = 324 61. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
p ^x h = 2x2 + 5x + k satisfying the relation,
Thus p = ! 324 = ! 18 a2 + b2 + ab = 214 , then find the value of k .
Hence, the value of p is ! 18 . Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
We have p ^x h = 2x2 + 5x + k
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
Sum of zeroes, a + b = - b =- b 5 l
a 2
60. Polynomial x 4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q is exactly divisible
Product of zeroes ab = c = k
by x2 + 7x + 12 , then find the value of p and q . a 2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] According to the question,
We have f (x) = x 4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q a2 + b2 + ab = 21

4
Now x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
a2 + b2 + 2ab - ab = 21
2
x + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0 4
x ^x + 4h + 3 ^x + 4h = 0 (a + b) 2 - ab = 21
4
^x + 4h^x + 3h = 0
Substituting values we have
x =- 4, - 3
-5 2 k 21
Since f (x) = x 4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q is exactly divisible b 2 l -2 = 4
by x2 + 7x + 12 , then x =- 4 and x =- 3 must be its
zeroes and these must satisfy f (x) = 0 k = 25 - 21
2 4 4
So putting x =- 4 and x =- 3 in f (x) and equating
to zero we get k =4=1
2 4
f ^- 4h : ^- 4h + 7 ^- 4h + 7 ^- 4h + p ^- 4h + q = 0
4 3 2
256 - 448 + 112 - 4p + q = 0 Hence, k = 2
- 4p + q - 80 = 0 62. If a and b are the zeroes of polynomial

p ^x h = 3x2 + 2x + 1, find the polynomial whose zeroes
4p - q =- 80 ...(1) 1-b
are 1 - a and .
1+a 1+b
f (- 3) : ^- 3h4 + 7 ^- 3h3 + 7 ^- 3h2 + p ^- 3h + q = 0 Ans : [Board Term-1 2010, 2012]
81 - 189 + 63 - 3p + q = 0
We have p ^x h = 3x2 + 2x + 1 a2 + b2 + 2ab

=
Since a and b are the zeroes of polynomial 3x2 + 2x + 1 ab
, we have
â + bh ^- 4h 16
2
= = =
a + b =- 2 ab 3 3
3
For q (x), product of the zeroes,
and ab = 1
3 b
a 1 b 1 = b1 + 1+ al
Let a 1 and b 1 be zeros of new polynomial q (x). a lb b
Then for q (x), sum of the zeroes,
a+b b+a
=b
a1 + b1 = 1 - a +
1-b a lc b m
1+a 1+b
â + bh ^- 4h2 16
2
^1 - a + b - abh + ^1 + a - b - abh =
ab
=
3
=
3
=
^1 + ah^1 + bh
Hence, required polynomial
2 - 2ab 2 - 23
= =
1 + a + b + ab 1 - 23 + 13 q (x) = x2 - (a 1 + b 1) x + a 1 b 1
= x2 - b 16 l x + 16
4
= 3
2 =2 3 3
3
For q (x), product of the zeroes, = bx2 - 16 x + 16 l

3 3
1-b ^1 - ah^1 - bh
a 1 b 1 = :1 - a D; E =
1+a 1+b ^1 + ah^1 + bh = 1 ^3x2 - 16x + 16h
3
1 - a - b + ab 1 - â + bh + ab
= = 64. If a and b are zeroes of the polynomial
1 + a + b + ab 1 + â + bh + ab
p (x) = 6x2 - 5x + k such that a - b = 16 , Find the
1 + 23 + 13 6 value of k.
= = 3
=3 Ans : [Board 2007]
1 - 23 + 13 2
3
Hence, Required polynomial We have p ^x h = 6x2 - 5x + k

q (x) = x2 - (a 1 + b 1) 2x + a 1 b 1 Since a and b are zeroes of
p ^x h = 6x2 - 5x + k ,
2
= x - 2x + 3
63. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 3 , Sum of zeroes, a + b =- b - 5 l = 5 ...(1)
6 6
find the polynomial whose zeroes are 1 + ab and 1 + ab .
Ans :
ab = k
[Board Term-1 2013]
Product of zeroes ...(2)
6
We have p ^x h = x + 4x + 3
2
Since a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic Given a-b = 1 ...(3)
6
polynomial x2 + 4x + 3 ,
Solving (1) and (3) we get a = 12 and b = 1
3 and
So, a + b =- 4 substituting the values of (2) we have
and ab = 3 ab = k = 1 # 1
6 2 3
Let a 1 and b 1 be zeros of new polynomial q (x). Hence, k = 1.
Then for q (x), sum of the zeroes,
65. If b and 1b are zeroes of the polynomial
b
+1+a â + a h x + 61x + 6a . Find the value of b and a .
2 2
a1 + b1 = 1 +
a b Ans :
ab + b2 + ab + a2
= We have p ^x h = â2 + a h x2 + 61x + 6
ab
Since b and 1
b are the zeroes of polynomial, p ^x h

Sum of zeroes, b + 1 =- 261 (ii) 1 +1 = a+b = 2 = 4

b a +a a b ab 5
2
5
or,
b2 + 1
= - 61 ...(1) (iii) â - bh2 = â - bh2 - 4ab
b a2 + a
= 22 - 4 # 5
Product of zeroes b 1 = 26a 2
b a +a
4 - 10 =- 6
or, 1 = 6
a+1 a2 + b2 -1 -4
(iv) 12 + 12 = 2 = 5 2 = 25
a+1 = 6 a b âbh ^2h
a =5 (v) â3 + b3h = â + bh3 - 3ab â + bh
Substituting this value of a in (1) we get = 23 - 3 # 5 # 2 = 8 - 15 =- 7

2
b2 + 1
= - 61 =- 61
b 52 + 5 30
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
30b2 + 30 = - 61b
30b2 + 61b + 30 = 0 67. RK Fabricators has got a order for making a frame
for machine of their client. For which, they are
- 61 ! ^- 61h2 - 4 # 30 # 30 using a AutoCAD software to create a constructible
Now b
2 # 30 model that includes the relevant information such as
dimensions of the frame and materials needed.
= - 61 ! 3721 - 3600
60
- 61 " 11
60
Thus b = - 5 or - 6
6 5
Hence, a = 5, b = - 5 , - 6
6 5
66. If a and b are the zeroes the polynomial 2x2 - 4x + 5,
find the values of
(i) a2 + b2 (ii) 1 + 1
a b
The frame will have a solid base and will be cut out of
(iii) â - bh2 (iv) 12 + 12 a piece of steel. The final area of the frame should be
a b
54 sq m. The digram of frame is shown below.
(v) a2 + b2
Ans : [Board 2007]
We have p (x) = 2x2 - 4x + 5

If a and b are then zeroes of p (x) = 2x2 - 4x + 5 ,
then
- ^- 4h
a + b =- b = =2
a 2
and ab = c = 5 In order to input the right values in the AutoCAD

a 2 software, the engineer needs to calculate some basic
values.
(i) a2 + b2 = â + bh2 - 2ab
(i) What are the dimensions of the outer frame ?
= 2 - 2 # 5 = 4 - 5 =- 1
2
(a) ^10 + x h and ^5 + x h
2
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(b) ^10 - x h and ^5 - x h (x + 9) (2x - 3) = 0

(c) ^10 + 2x h and ^5 + 2x h x = 1.5 or - 9
(d) ^10 - 2x h and ^5 - 2x h Thus (c) is correct option.
(ii) A metal sheet of minimum area is used to make (v) Perimeter of frame =Perimeter of Outside
the frame. What should be the minimum area of
Rectangle
metal sheet before cutting ?
(a) 4x2 + 30x + 50 (b) x2 + 27x + 55 = 2 ^10 + 2x + 5 + 2x h
(c) 5x2 + 30 (d) 4x2 + 50 = 2 ^15 + 4x h
(iii) What is the area of required final metal frame ? = 2 ^15 + 4 # 1.5h = 42 m
(a) 4x2 + 30x + 50 m2 (b) x2 + 27x + 55 m2
(c) 4x2 + 50x m2 (d) 4x2 + 30x m2
68. The Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in
(iv) If the area of the frame is 54 sq m, what is the Emergency Situations Fund was created on 28 March
value of x ? 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The
(a) 0.75 m (b) 3.0 m fund will be used for combating, and containment and
(c) 1.5 m (d) 1.8 m relief efforts against the coronavirus outbreak and
similar pandemic like situations in the future.
(v) What is the perimeter of the frame?
(a) 36 m (b) 42 m
(c) 45 m (d) 39 m
Ans :
(i) Length = ^10 + x + x h = ^10 + 2x h

Breadth = ^5 + x + x h = ^5 + 2x h cm
(ii) Length of steel plate, l = ^10 + 2x h
Breadth of steel plate, b = ^5 + 2x h
The allotment officer is trying to come up with a
Area of steel plate, A = lb
method to calculate fair division of funds across various
= ^10 + 2x h^5 + 2x h affected families so that the fund amount and amount
received per family can be easily adjusted based on
= 50 + 10x + 20x + 4x 2 daily revised numbers. The total fund allotted for a
= 50 + 30x + 4x 2 village is x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9 . The officer has divided
the fund equally among families of the village and
A = 4x2 + 30x + 50 each family receives an amount of x2 + 2x + 2 . After
Thus (a) is correct option. distribution, some amount is left.
(i) How many families are there in the village?
(iii) Area of frame to be cut = 10 # 5 = 50 m2 (a) x + 4
Area of frame left = 4x 2 + 30x + 50 - 50 (b) x - 3
(c) x - 4
= 4x 2 + 30x m2
(d) x + 3
(iv) Here,area of frame = 54 m2 (ii) If an amount of < 1911 is left after distribution,
what is value of x ?
4x 2 + 30x = 54 (a) 190 (b) 290
2x 2 + 15x - 27 = 0 (c) 191 (d) 291
2x 2 + 18x - 3x - 27 = 0 (iii) How much amount does each family receive?

(a) 24490 (b) 34860

(c) 22540 (d) 36865 and sold.

(iv) What is the amount of fund allocated?
(a) Rs 72 72 759 (b) Rs 75 72 681
(c) Rs 69 72 846 (d) Rs 82 74 888
(v) How many families are there in the village?
(a) 191 (b) 98
(c) 187 (d) 195
Ans :
(i) To get number of families we divide x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9
by x2 + 2x + 2 .
x+4
g
Based on this model answer the following questions:
x2 + 2x + 2 x3 + 6x2 + 20x + 9
(i) When no barrels are produce what is a profit loss?
x 3 + 2x 2 + 2 x (a) Rs 22000
4x2 + 18x + 9 (b) Rs 66000
4x 2 + 8x + 8 (c) Rs 11000
10x + 1 (d) Rs 33000
(ii) What is the break even point ? (Zero
Number of families are x + 4 . profit point is called break even)
Thus (a) is correct option. (a) 10 barrels (b) 30 barrels
(ii) Amount left = 10x + 1 (c) 20 barrels (d) 100 barrels
10x + 1 = 1911 (iii) What is the profit/loss if 175 barrels are produced
(a) Profit 266200 (b) Loss 266200
x = 1910 = 191
10 (c) Profit 240250 (d) Loss 240250
(iv) What is the profit/loss if 400 barrels are produced
(iii) Since, x = 191 , amount received by each family is (a) Profit Rs 466200 (b) Loss Rs 266000
x2 + 2x + 2 = (191) 2 + 2 (191) + 2 (c) Profit Rs 342000 (d) Loss Rs 342000
= 36865 (v) What is the maximum profit which can

manufacturer earn?
(a) Rs 240250 (b) Rs 480500
(iv) Since x = 191 , allotted fund,
(c) Rs 680250 (d) Rs 240250
3 2 2
x + 6x + 20x + 9 = (x + 2x + 2) (x + 4) + 10x + 1 Ans :
= 36865 (191 + 4) + 1911 (i) When no barrels are produced, x = 0
= 69, 72, 846 P (x) = 0 + 0 - 66000
P (x) =- 66000 Rs
(v) No. of families = x + 4
= 191 + 4 = 195 (ii) At break-even point P (x) = 0 , thus
Thus (d) is correct option. 0 =- 10x2 + 3500x - 66000
69. An barrels manufacturer can produce up to 300 x2 + 350x + 6600 = 0
barrels per day. The profit made from the sale
of these barrels can be modelled by the function x2 - 330x - 20x + 6600 = 0
P (x) =- 10x2 + 3500x - 66000 where P (x) is the x (x - 330) - 20 (x + 330) = 0
profit in rupees and x is the number of barrels made
(x - 330) (x - 20) = 0 (a) 54 m (b) 44 m

x = 20 , 330 (c) 36 m (d) 18 m
Thus (c) is correct option. (iii) How long will the ball take to hit the ground?
2
(iii) P (175) =- 10 (175) + 3500 (175) - 66000 (a) 4 seconds (b) 3 seconds
(c) 5 seconds (d) 6 seconds
= 240250
(iv) What are the two possible times to reach the ball
at the same height of 32 m?
(iv) P (400) =- 10 (400) 2 + 3500 (400) - 66000 (a) 1 and 3 seconds (b) 1 and 4 seconds
=- 266000 Rs (c) 1 and 2 seconds (d) 1 and 5 seconds
Thus (b) is correct option. (v) Where is the ball after 5 seconds ?
(v) Rearranging the given equation we have (a) at the ground (b) rebounds
P (x) =- 10x2 + 3500x - 66000 (c) at highest point (d) fall back
=- 10 (x - 350x + 6600)
2 Ans :
=- 10 [(x - 175) 2 - 30625 + 6600] (i) Height is given by,

h =- 4t 2 + 16t + 20
=- 10 [(x - 175) 2 - 24025]
At t = 1 second,
=- 10 (x - 175) 2 + 240250
From above equation it is clear that maximum value h =- 4 (1) 2 + 16 (1) + 20 = 32 m
of P (x) is Rs 240250. Thus (c) is correct option.
Thus (a) is correct option. (ii) Rearranging the given equation, by completing
the square,
70. Lavanya throws a ball upwards, from a rooftop, which
is 20 m above from ground. It will reach a maximum h =- 4 (t2 - 4t - 5)
height and then fall back to the ground. The height of
=- 4 (t2 - 4t + 4 - 4 - 5)
the ball from the ground at time t is h , which is given
by h =- 4t2 + 16t + 20 . =- 4 [(t - 2) 2 - 9]
=- 4 (t - 2) 2 + 36
Height is maximum, at t = 2 , thus
hmax = 0 + 36 = 36 m
(iii) When ball hits the ground, h = 0 , thus
- 4t 2 + 16t + 20 = 0
t 2 - 4t - 5 = 0
(t - 5) (t + 1) = 0
Thus t = 5 or t =- 1. Since, time cannot be negative,
the t = 5 seconds is correct answer.
(i) What is the height reached by the ball after 1
second? (iv) Since, h =- 4t 2 + 16t 2 + 20
(a) 64 m 32 =- 4t 2 + 16t 2 + 20
(b) 128 m
8 =- t 2 + 4t 2 + 5
(c) 32 m
t 2 - 4t + 3 = 0
(d) 20 m
t 2 + 3t - t + 3 = 0
(ii) What is the maximum height reached by the ball?

(t - 1) (t - 3) = 0 & t = 3, 1 = 2 [x (x + 3) + (x + 3) (x - 2) + x (x - 2)]
Thus (a) is correct option. = 2 [x2 + 3x + x2 + x - 6 + x2 - 2x]
(v) From (iii) at t = 5 we have h = 0 . Thus it will hit
ground, then after that ball will rebound. = 2 (3x2 + 2x - 6)
Thus (b) is correct option. = 6x2 + 4x - 12
71. For a jewellery metal box to satisfy certain Thus (b) is correct option.
requirements, its length must be three meter greater (iii) We have V ^x h = x3 + x2 - 6
than the width, and its height must be two meter less
than the width. 18 = x3 + x2 - 6x
x3 + x2 - 6x - 18 = 0
x3 - 3x2 + 4x2 - 12x + 6x - 18 = 0
x2 ^x - 3h + 4x ^x - 3h + 6 ^x - 3h = 0
^x - 3h^x2 + 4x + 6h = 0
Thus width is 3 in.
Length = x + 3 = 6 in
(i) If width is taken as x , which of the following (iv) Height = x - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1 in

polynomial represent volume of box ? Thus (a) is correct option.
(a) x2 - 5x - 6 (v) S (x) = 6x2 + 4x - 12
(b) x3 + x2 - 6x
= 6 # 3 # 3 + 4 # 3 - 12 = 54 in 2
(c) x3 - 6x2 - 6x
C = 10 # 54 = 540 `
(d) x2 + x - 6
(ii) Which of the following polynomial represent the
area of metal sheet used to make box ? 72. Pyramid, in architecture, a monumental structure
(a) x2 - 5x - 6 (b) 6x2 + 4x - 12 constructed of or faced with stone or brick and having
(c) x3 - 6x2 - 6x (d) 6x2 + 3x - 4 a rectangular base and four sloping triangular sides
meeting at an apex. Pyramids have been built at
(iii) If it must have a volume of 18 in 3 , what must be various times in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, western
its length ? Asia, Greece, Cyprus, Italy, India, Thailand, Mexico,
(a) 6 in (b) 3 in South America, and on some islands of the Pacific
Ocean. Those of Egypt and of Central and South
(c) 4 in (d) 2 in
America are the best known.
(iv) At a volume of 18 in 3 , what must be its height ?
(a) 1 in (b) 3 in
(c) 2 in (d) 4 in
(v) If box is made of a metal sheet which cost is 10 rs
per in2 , what is the cost of metal ?
(a) Rs 540 (b) Rs 1080
(c) Rs 270 (d) Rs 340
Ans :
(i) V (x) = x (x + 3) (x - 2)
= x (x2 + x - 6) = x3 + x2 - 6x The volume and surface area of a pyramid with a
square base of area a2 and height h is given by
ha2
S (x) = 2 ^LW + WH + HL h V = 3 and S = a2 + 2a ^ a2 h + h 2
2
(ii)
A pyramid has a square base and a volume of (iv) We have a = 24 and y = 5 .

3y 3 + 18y2 + 27y cubic units. a = 24
(i) If its height is y , then what polynomial represents y 5
the length of a side of the square base ? Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 9 ^y + 3h
(v) We have S = a2 + 2a ^ a2 h + h2
2
(b) 9 ^y + 3h2
We have a = 24 and y = 5 .
(c) 3 ^y + 3h
Thus S = 242 + 2 # 24 ^ 242 h2 + 52
(d) 3 ^y + 3h2
(ii) If area of base is 576 metre, what is the side of = 2 # 24 (12 + 122 + 52 )
base? = 48 (12 + 13)
(a) 24 metre (b) 16 metre
= 1200 m2
(c) 13 metre (d) 12 metre
(iii) What is the height of pyramid at above area of
base ? 73. Underground water tank is very popular in India. It is
(a) 4 metre (b) 6 metre usually used for large water tank storage and can be
built cheaply using cement-like materials. Underground
(c) 5 metre (d) 12 metre
water tank are typically chosen by people who want to
(iv) What is the ratio of length of side to the height ? save space. The water in the underground water tank
1 2 is not affected by extreme weather conditions. The
(a) 5 (b) 5
underground water tank maintain cool temperatures
5 24 in both winter and summer.
(c) 24 (d) 5
(v) What is surface area of pyramid ?
(a) 800 m2 (b) 2400 m2
(c) 1200 m2 (d) 1600 m2
Ans :
(i) V ^y h = 3y3 + 18y2 + 27y

= 3y ^y2 + 6y + 9h = 3y ^y + 3h2
If y represent height, then comparing its volume with
standard volume, we have
2
h a = 3y ^y + 3h2 A builder wants to build a tank to store water in an
3 apartment. The volume of the rectangular tank will
2 be modelled by V (x) = x 3 + x2 - 4x - 4 .
y a = 3y ^y + 3h2
3 (i) He planned in such a way that its base dimensions
are (x + 1) and (x + 2) . How much he has to dig
a2 = 9 ^y + 3h2 ?
a = 3 ^y + 3h (a) (x + 1)
Thus (c) is correct option. (b) (x - 2)
(ii) a2 = 576 & a = 24 unit (c) (x - 3)
Thus (a) is correct option. (d) (x + 2)
(iii) At a = 24 meter, (ii) If x = 4 meter, what is the volume of the water
24 = 3 ^y + 3h tank?
(a) 30 m3 (b) 20 m3
8 = y+3
(c) 15 m3 (d) 60 m3
y = 5 metre (iii) If x = 4 and the builder wants to paint the entire
Thus (c) is correct option. inner portion on the water tank, what is the total

area to be painted ? Are you opting for Maths/Applied Maths in 11th ?

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(d) 104 m 2
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Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
(iv) If the cost of paint is Rs. 25/ per square metre,
what is the cost of painting ? Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
(a) 3900 Rs (b) 2600 Rs or Scan Code
(c) 1300 Rs (d) 5200 Rs
(v) What is the storage capacity of this water tank ?
(a) 3000 litre (b) 6000 litre
(c) 60000 litre (d) 30000 litre
Ans :
(i) We have,
V (x) = x3 + x2 - 4x - 4
= x2 (x + 1) - 4 (x + 1)
= (x + 1) (x2 - 4)
= (x + 1) (x - 2) (x + 2)
If (x + 1) and (x + 2) are two dimension, 3rd
dimension will be (x - 2) . Thus he has to dig (x - 2) .
(ii) V ^x h = ^x + 1h^x - 2h^x + 2h
V ^4 h = ^4 + 1h^4 - 2h^4 + 2h
= 5 # 2 # 6 = 60 m3
(iii) Three dimension of tank are
x+1 = 4+1 = 5
x+2 = 4+2 = 6
x-2 = 4-2 = 2
S = 2 ^5 # 2 + 2 # 6 + 6 # 5h
= 2 ^10 + 12 + 30h
= 2 ^52h = 104 m2
(iv) C = 104 # 25 = 2600 `
(v) 1 m3 can store 1000 litre, thus 60 m3 can store
60000 litre.
Page 44 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3
CHAPTER 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
ONE MARK QUESTIONS Here, a1 = 3 , b1 =- 1, c1 =- 5

and a2 = 6 , b2 =- 2 , c2 =- p
1. Find the value of k for which the system of linear Since given lines are parallel,
equations x + 2y = 3 , 5x + ky + 7 = 0 is inconsistent. a1 = b1 ! c1
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] a2 b2 c2
We have x + 2y - 3 = 0 -1 ! -5
-2 -p
and 5x + ky + 7 = 0
p ! 5 # 2 & p ! 10
If system is inconsistent, then
a1 = b1 ! c1 4. The 2 digit number which becomes 56 th of itself when
a2 b2 c2 its digits are reversed. If the difference in the digits of
From first two orders, we have the number being 1, what is the two digits number?
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011]
1 = 2 & k = 10
5 k If the two digits are x and y , then the number is
10x + y .
2. Find the value of k for which the system of equations
5 (10x + y) = 10y + x
x + y - 4 = 0 and 2x + ky = 3 , has no solution. Now
6
Solving, we get 44x + 55y
We have x+y-4 = 0 x =5
y 4
and 2x + ky - 3 = 0
Also x - y = 1. Solving them, we get x = 5 and y = 4.
Here, a1 = 1 , b1 = 1 and c1 = - 4 = 4 Therefore, number is 54.
a1 2 b2 k c2 -3 3
Since system has no solution, we have 5. In a number of two digits, unit’s digit is twice the tens
digit. If 36 be added to the number, the digits are
a1 = b1 ! c1 reversed. What is the number ?
a2 b2 c2
1 =1 !4
2 k 3 Let x be units digit and y be tens digit, then number
will be 10y + x
k = 2 and k ! 3 Then, x = 2y ...(1)
4
If 36 be added to the number, the digits are reversed,
3. For which value(s ) of p , will the lines represented by i.e number will be 10x + y .
the following pair of linear equations be parallel ?
10y + x + 36 = 10x + y
3x - y - 5 = 0
9x - 9y = 36
6x - 2y - p = 0
x-y = 4 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2) we have x = 8 and y = 4 .
We have, 3x - y - 5 = 0 Thus number is 48.
and 6x - 2y - p = 0

Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 45
6. If 3x + 4y : x + 2y = 9 : 4 , then find the value of solution. Justify.

3x + 5y : 3x - y . Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2014]
The given pair of equations are
3x + 4y
We have =9 y = 0 y =- 7
x + 2y 4
Hence, 12x + 16y = 9x + 18y

or 3x = 2y
x = 2y
3
Substituting x = 2 y in the required expression we

3
have
3x 23 y + 5y 7y
= = 7 = 7: 1
3x 23 y - y y 1
7. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to

both the numerator and denominator and it
becomes 7 when 1 is subtracted from both
the numerator and denominator. What is the
numerator of the given fraction ? The pair of both equations are parallel to x -axis and
Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2016] we know that parallel lines never intersects. So, there
is no solution of these lines.
Let the fraction be x ,
y
11. If the equations kx - 2y = 3 and 3x + y = 5 represent
x + 1 = 4 & x = 4y + 3 two intersecting lines at unique point, then the value
...(1)
y+1 of k is ........... .
x - 1 = 7 & x = 7y - 6 Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
and ...(2)
y-1 For unique solution
Solving (1) and (2), we have x = 15 , y = 3 , a1 ! b1
a2 b2
8. x and y are 2 different digits. If the sum of the two
digit numbers formed by using both the digits is a Here, a1 = k , b1 =- 2 , a2 = 3 and b2 = 1
perfect square, then what is the value of x + y ?
Now k !- 2
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2013] 3 1
The numbers that can be formed are xy and
or, k !- 6
yx . Hence, (10x + y) + (10y + x) = 11 (x + y)
. If this is a perfect square than x + y = 11.
12. Find whether the pair of linear equations y = 0 and
9. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the y = - 5 has no solution, unique solution or infinitely
lines will be intersecting or coincident. Justify. many solutions.
Ans : [Board 2008] Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
Condition for a consistent pair of linear The given variable y has different values.
equations Therefore the pair of equations y = 0 and
y = - 5 has no solution.
a1 ! b1
a2 b2 13. If am = bl, then find whether the pair of linear
[intersecting lines having unique solution] equations ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no
solution, unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
and a1 = b1 = c1 [coincident or dependent]
a2 b2 c2 Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
Since, am = bl , we have
10. The pair of equations y = 0 and y =- 7 has no
a = b !c (2) For coincident lines a1 = b1 = c1

1 m n a2 b2 c2
So, one of the possible equation 6x + 8y = 18
Thus, ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no solution.
18. Find the value(s) of k so that the pair of equations
14. If ad ! bc, then find whether the pair of linear x + 2y = 5 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has a unique solution.
equations ax + by = p and cx + dy = q has no solution,
unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015] We have x + 2y - 5 = 0 ...(1)
Since ad ! bc or a ! b and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 ...(2)

c d
Comparing equation (1) with a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 , and
Hence, the pair of given linear equations has equation (2) with a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , we get
unique solution.
a1 = 1, a2 = 3 , b1 = 2 , b2 = k , c1 =- 5 and c2 = 15
15. Two lines are given to be parallel. The equation of one Since, given equations have unique solution, So,
of the lines is 4x + 3y = 14 , then find the equation of
a1 ! b1
the second line. a2 b2
Ans : [Board 2007]
i.e. 1 !2
Ans : 3 k
The equation of one line is 4x + 3y = 14. We
k !6
know that if two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are parallel, then Hence, for all values of k except 6, the given pair of
equations have unique solution.
a1 = b1 ! c1
a2 b2 c2 19. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x - y = 19 , find the value of
4 = 3 ! c1 & a2 = 4 = 12 (5y - 2x) and ^ yx - 2h .
or Ans :
a2 b2 c2 b2 3 9 [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Hence, one of the possible, second parallel line is We have 2x + y = 23 ...(1)

12x + 9y = 5.
4x - y = 19 ...(2)
16. Find whether the lines represented by 2x + y = 3 and
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have
4x + 2y = 6 are parallel, coincident or intersecting.
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016] 6x = 42 & x = 7
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = - 3 and a1 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 =- 6 Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get
a1 = b1 = c1 14 + y = 23
If
a2 b2 c2
y = 23 - 14 = 9
then the lines are parallel. Hence, 5y - 2x = 5 # 9 - 2 # 7
Clearly 2 =1=3
4 2 6 = 45 - 14 = 31
Hence lines are coincident. y
and - 2 = 9 - 2 = 9 - 14 = - 5
x 7 7 7
17. Given the linear equation 3x + 4y = 9 . Write another
linear equation in these two variables such that the
20. Find whether the lines represented by 2x + y = 3 and
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
4x + 2y = 6 are parallel, coincident or intersecting.
(1) intersecting lines
(2) coincident lines.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] Ans :
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = - 3 and a1 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 =- 6
(1) For intersecting lines a1 ! b1
a2 b2
If a1 = b1 = c1
So, one of the possible equation 3x - 5y = 10 a2 b2 c2

then the lines are parallel. given below has unique solution ?
2 =1=3 4x + py + 8 = 0 and 2x + 2y + 2 = 0 .
Clearly
4 2 6 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Hence lines are coincident.
We have 4x + py + 8 = 0
21. Find whether the following pair of linear equation is 2x + 2y + 2 = 0
consistent or inconsistent:
3x + 2y = 8 , 6x - 4y = 9 The condition of unique solution, a1 ! b1
a2 b2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] 4 p 2 p
Hence, ! or !
2 2 1 2
We have 3 ! 2
6 -4 Thus p ! 4 . The value of p is other than 4 it may be
1, 2, 3, - 4.....etc.
i.e., a1 ! b1
a2 b2 25. For what value of k , the pair of linear equations
kx - 4y = 3, 6x - 12y = 9 has an infinite number of
Hence, the pair of linear equation is consistent. solutions ?
22. Is the system of linear equations 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 and
4x + 6y - 18 = 0 consistent? Justify your answer. We have kx - 4y - 3 = 0
and 6x - 12y - 9 = 0
For the equation 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 we have
where, a1 = k, b1 = 4, c1 = - 3
a2 = 2, b1 = 3 and c1 =- 9
and for the equation, 4x + 6y - 18 = 0 we have a2 = 6, b2 =- 12, c2 - 9
a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c2 =- 18 Condition for infinite solutions:
a1 = 2 = 1 a1 = b1 = c1
Here a2 b2 c2
a2 4 2
b1 = 3 = 1 k = -4 = 3
b2 6 2 6 - 12 9
c1 = - 9 = 1 Hence, k =2
and
c2 - 18 2
26. For what value of k, 2x + 3y = 4 and
c1 = b1 = c1
Thus
c2 b2 c2 ^k + 2h x + 6y = 3k + 2 will have infinitely many
solutions ?
Hence, system is consistent and dependent.
23. Given the linear equation 3x + 4y = 9 . Write another We have 2x + 3y - 4 = 0

linear equation in these two variables such that the
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is: and ^k + 2h x + 6y - ^3k + 2h = 0
(1) intersecting lines
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 =- 4
(2) coincident lines.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] and a2 = k + 2, b2 = 6, c3 = - ^3k + 2h
(1) For intersecting lines a1 ! b1 For infinitely many solutions

a2 b2
a1 = b1 = c1
So, one of the possible equation 3x - 5y = 10 a2 b2 c2
(2) For coincident lines a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2 2 =3= 4
or,
So, one of the possible equation 6x + 8y = 18 k+2 6 3k + 2
24. For what value of p does the pair of linear equations 2 = 3 we have
From
k+2 6
3 (k + 2) = 2 # 6 & (k + 2) = 4 & k = 2 29. Solve the following pair of linear equations by

substitution method:
From 3 = 4 we have
6 3k + 2 3x + 2y - 7 = 0
3 (3k + 2) = 4 # 6 & (3k + 2) = 8 & k = 2 4x + y - 6 = 0
Thus k = 2 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
We have 3x + 2y - 7 = 0 ...(1)
27. For what value of k , the system of equations
kx + 3y = 1, 12x + ky = 2 has no solution. 4x + y - 6 = 0 ...(2)
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] From equation (2), y = 6 - 4x ...(3)
The given equations can be written as Putting this value of y in equation (1) we have
kx + 3y - 1 = 0 and 12x + ky - 2 = 0
3x + 2 ^6 - 4x h - 7 = 0
Here, a1 = k, b1 = 3, c1 = - 1
3x + 12 - 8x - 7 = 0
and a2 = 12, b2 = k, c2 = - 2
5 - 5x = 0
The equation for no solution if
5x = 5
a1 = b1 ! c1
a2 b2 c2 Thus x =1
or, k = 3 ! -1 Substituting this value of x in (2), we obtain,

12 k -2
y = 6-4#1 = 2
From k = 3 we have k2 = 36 & k ! 6
12 k Hence, values of x and y are 1 and 2 respectively.
From 3 ! - 1 we have k ! 6 30. In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle. Find
k -2
the values of x and y .
Thus k =- 6 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
28. Solve the following pair of linear equations by cross

multiplication method:
x + 2y = 2
x - 3y = 7
We have x + 2y - 2 = 0
x - 3y - 7 = 0
Using the formula
From given figure we have
x y 1
= =
b1 c2 - b2 c1 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - a2 b1 x + y = 22 ...(1)
x y 1 and x - y = 16 ...(2)
we have = =
- 14 - 6 -2 + 7 -3 - 2
Adding (1) and (2), we have
x = y = -1
- 20 5 5 2x = 38
x = -1 & x = 4 x = 19
- 20 5
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get
y
= - 1 & y =- 1 19 + y = 22
5 5

y = 22 - 19 = 3 and x + ky = 1
Hence, x = 19 and y = 3. a1 = k , b1 = 1 , c1 = k2
a2 1 b2 k c2 1
31. Solve : 99x + 101y = 499 , 101x + 99y = 501
For infinitely many solution
a1 = b1 = c1
We have 99x + 101y = 499 ...(1) a2 b2 c2
101x + 99y = 501 ...(2) k = 1 = k2 = k2 = 1
1 k 1
k =! 1
200x + 200y = 1000
x+y = 5 ...(3)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
- 2x + 2y =- 2 34. Solve the following system of equations.
x-y = 1 ...(4) 21 + 47 = 110 , 47 + 21 = 162 , x , y ! 0
x y x y
Adding equations (3) and (4), we have Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
2x = 6 & x = 3 21 + 47 = 110
We have
x y
Substituting the value of x in equation (3), we get
47 + 21 = 162
3+y = 5 & y = 2 x y
32. Solve the following system of linear equations by Let 1

x = u and 1
y = v . then given equation become
substitution method: 21u + 47v = 110 ...(1)
2x - y = 2
and 47u + 21v = 162 ...(2)
x + 3y = 15 Adding equation (1) and (2) we get
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 68u + 68v = 272
We have 2x - y = 2 ...(1) u+v = 4 ...(3)
x + 3y = 15 ...(2) Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get
26u - 26v = 52
From equation (1), we get y = 2x - 2 ...(3)
u-v = 2 ...(4)
Substituting the value of y in equation (2),
Adding equation (3) and (4), we get
x + 6x - 6 = 15
2u = 6 & u = 3
or, 7x = 21 & x = 3 Substituting u = 3 in equation (3), we get v = 1.
Substituting this value of x in (3), we get
Thus x = 1
u = 1
3 and y = 1
v = 1
1 =1
y = 2#3-2 = 4
35. Solve graphically :
Thus x = 3 and y = 4
2x - 3y + 13 = 0 ; 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
33. Find the value(s) of k for which the pair of Linear Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
equations kx + y = d2 and x + ky = 1 have infinitely Solved graphically :
many solutions.
We have 2x - 3y + 13 = 0
and 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
We have kx + y = k2
Now 2x - 3y =- 13
y = 2x + 13 joining them, we get the graph of above equations.

3
x 0 - 6.5 1
y 4.3 0 5
and 3x - 2y =- 12
y = 3x + 12
2
x 0 -4 -2
y 6 0 3
These lines intersect each other at point (- 2, 3)
Hence, x =- 2 and y = 3 .
Two obtained lines intersect at point P (4, - 2).

Hence, Solution of the given equation is x = 4 , y =- 2
37. A fraction becomes 13 when 2 is subtracted from the

numerator and it becomes 12 when 1 is subtracted
from the denominator- Find the fraction.
Let the fraction be x . According to the first condition,

y
x-2 = 1
y 3
36. Solve graphically : 2x + 3y = 2 , x - 2y = 8 3x - 6 = y

Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] y = 3x - 6 ...(1)
We have 2x + 3y = 2 ...(1) According to the second condition,
x =1
and x - 2y = 8 ...(2) y-1 2
Taking equation (1), y = 2 - 2x 2x = y - 1

3
x 1 4 -2 y = 2x + 1 ...(2)
y 0 -2 2 From equation (1) and (2), we have
3x - 6 = 2x + 1 & x = 7
and x - 2y = 8
Substitute value of x in equation (1), we get
Taking equation (2), y = x-8 y = 3 ^7 h - 6
2
x 0 8 4 = 21 - 6 = 15
y -4 0 -2 Hence, fraction is 7 .
15
Plotting the above points and drawing the lines 38. In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon with BE z CD

and BC z DE . BC is perpendicular to CD. AB = 5 cm, Perimeter of rectangular garden

AE = 5 cm, BE = 7 cm, BC = x - y and CD = x + y.
p = 2 ^x + y h
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm. Find the value
of x and y , given x , y ! 0 . Since half perimeter is given as 36 m,
^x + y h = 36 ...(1)
Also, x = y+4
or x-y = 4 ...(2)
For x + y = 36
y = 36 - x
x 20 24
y 16 12
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] For x-y = 4
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below. or, y = x-4
x 10 16 20
y 6 12 16
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph. we get two lines
intersecting each other at (20, 16)
We have CD = BE
x+y = 7 ...(1)
Also, perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm, thus
AB + BC + CD + DE + AE = 27
5 + (x - y) + (x + y) + (x - y) + 5 = 27
3x - y = 17 ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2) we have
4x = 24 & x = 6
Substituting x = 6 in equation (1) we obtain Hence, length is 20 m and width is 16 m.
y = 7-x = 7-6 = 1 40. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 , write

another linear equation in two variables such that the
Thus x = 6 and y = 1. geometrical representation of the pair so formed is :
(a) intersecting lines
39. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose
length is 4 m more then its width, is 36 m. Find the (b) parallel lines
dimensions of garden. (c) coincident lines.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] Ans : [Board Term-1 2014]
Let the length of the garden be x m and its width be Given, linear equation is 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ...(1)
y m. (a) For intersecting lines, a1 ! b1
a2 b2
or, y = 14 - 3x
To get its parallel line one of the possible equation 2
may be taken as
x 0 2 4
5x + 2y - 9 = 0 (2)
y 7 4 1
(b) For parallel lines, a1 = b1 ! c1 Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
a2 b2 c2
them, we get the following graph. We get two obtained
One of the possible line parallel to equation lines intersect each other at (2, 4).
(1) may be taken as
6x + 9y + 7 = 0
(c) For coincident lines, a1 = b1 = c1

a2 b2 c2
To get its coincident line, one of the possible equation
may be taken as
4x + 6y - 16 = 0
41. Determine the values of m and n so that the following

system of linear equation have infinite number of
solutions :
^2m - 1h x + 3y - 5 = 0
3x + ^n - 1h y - 2 = 0
We have ^2m - 1h x + 3y - 5 = 0 ...(1)

Here a1 = 2m - 1, b1 = 3, c1 = - 5 Hence, x = 2 and y = 4 .
3x + ^n - 1h y - 2 = 0 ...(2)
43. Find the values of a and b for which the following pair
Here a2 = 3, b2 = ^n - 1h, c2 =- 2 of linear equations has infinite number of solutions :
2x + 3y = 7; 2ax + â + bh y = 28 .
For a pair of linear equations to have infinite number
of solutions, Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
a1 = b1 = c1 We have 2x + 3y = 7 and 2ax + â + bh y = 28 .

a2 b2 c2 For a pair of linear equations to be consistent and
having infinite number of solutions,
2m - 1 = 3 = 5
3 n-1 2 a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
or 2 ^2m - 1h = 15 and 5 ^n - 1h = 6
2 = 3 = 7
Hence, m = 17 , n = 11 2a a + b 28
4 5
2 = 7
42. Solve the pair of equations graphically : 2a 28
4x - y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 14
Ans : [Board Term-1 2014] 2a×7 = 28×2 & a = 4
3 = 7
We have 4x - y = 4 a+b 28
or, y = 4x - 4 7 â + bh = 28×3
x 0 1 2 a + b = 12
y -4 0 4
b = 12 - a = 12 - 4 = 8
and 3x + 2y = 14
Hence a = 4 , and b = 8

44. Represent the following pair of linear equations 3p - 3 = 2p - 1

graphically and hence comment on the condition of
consistency of this pair. 3p - 2p = 3 - 1
x - 5y = 6 and 2x - 10y = 12 . p =2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] p-1 2p + 1
From ! we have
1 1
We have x - 5y = 6 or x = 5y + 6
p - 1 ! 2p + 1 or 2p - p ! - 1 - 1
x 6 1 -4
p !- 2
y 0 -1 -2
2p - 1 2p + 1
and 2x - 10y = 12 or x = 5y + 6 From ! we have
3 1
x 6 1 -4 2p - 1 ! 6p + 3
y 0 -1 -2
4p !- 4
them, we get the following graph. p !- 1
Hence, system has no solution when p = 2
46. Find the value of k for which the following pair of

equations has no solution :
x + 2y = 3, ^k - 1h x + ^k + 1h y = ^k + 2h .
For x + 2y = 3 or x + 2y - 3 = 0 ,
a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c1 =- 3
For ^k - 1h x + ^k + 1h y = ^k + 2h
or ^k - 1h x + ^k + 1h y - ^k - 2h = 0
a2 = ^k - 1h, b2 = ^k + 1h, c2 = - ^k + 2h
Since the lines are coincident, so the system of linear a1 = b1 ! c1
For no solution,
equations is consistent with infinite many solutions. a2 b2 c2
45. For what value of p will the following system of 1 = 2 ! 3

equations have no solution ? k-1 k+1 k+2
^2p - 1h x + ^p - 1h y = 2p + 1; y + 3x - 1 = 0 From 1 = 2 we have

k-1 k+1
k + 1 = 2k - 2
We have ^2p - 1h x + ^p - 1h y - ^2p + 1h = 0
3 =k
Here a1 = 2p - 1, b1 = p - 1 and c1 =- ^2p + 1h
Thus k = 3 .
Also 3x + y - 1 = 0
Here a2 = 3, b2 = 1 and c2 =- 1 47. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If
father’s age is three times that of his son, then find
The condition for no solution is their respective ages.
a1 = b1 ! c1 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
a2 b2 c2 Let age of father and son be x and y respectively.
2p - 1 p-1 2p + 1 x + y = 40 ...(1)
= !
3 1 1
x = 3y ...(2)
2p - 1 p-1
From = we have Solving equations (1) and (2), we get
3 1
x = 30 and y = 10 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost
of food per day.
Ages are 30 years and 10 years.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
48. Solve using cross multiplication method: Let fixed charge be x and per day food cost be y
5x + 4y - 4 = 0 x + 20y = 3000 ...(1)
x - 12y - 20 = 0 x + 25y = 3500 ...(2)
We have 5x + 4y - 4 = 0 ...(1) 5y = 500 & y = 100
x - 12y - 20 = 0 ...(2) Substituting this value of y in (1), we get
By cross-multiplication method, x + 20 ^100h = 3000
x y 1 x = 1000
= =
b2 c1 - b1 c2 c1 a2 - c2 a1 b1 b2 - a2 b1
Thus x = 1000 and y = 100
x y 1 Fixed charge and cost of food per day are Rs. 1,000
= =
- 80 - 48 - 4 + 100 - 60 - 4 and Rs. 100.
x y
= = 1 51. Solve for x and y :
- 128 96 64
x + 2y =- 1
x = 1 & x =2 2 3
- 128 - 64
y
y x- =3
and = 1 & y = -3 3
96 - 64 2
Hence, x = 2 and y = - 3
2 x + 2y =- 1
We have
49. The Present age of the father is twice the sum of the 2 3
ages of his 2 children. After 20 years, his age will be
equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find the 3x + 4y =- 6 ...(1)
age of the father. x -y =3
and
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 1 3
Let the sum of the ages of the 2 children be x and the 3x - y = 9 ...(2)
age of the father be y years.
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we have
Now y = 2x
5y =- 15 & y = - 1
2x - y = 0 ...(1)
Substituting y = - 3 in eq (1), we get
and 20 + y = x + 40
3x + 4 ^- 3h =- 6
x - y =- 20 ...(2)
3x - 12 =- 6
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
3x = 12 - 6 & x = 2
x = 20
Hence x = 2 and y = - 3.
From(1), y = 2x = 2 # 20 = 40
Hence, the age of the father is 40 years. 52. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the
substitution and cross - multiplication method :
50. A part of monthly hostel charge is fixed and the
remaining depends on the number of days one has 8x + 5y = 9
taken food in the mess. When Swati takes food for 3x + 2y = 4
20 days, she has to pay Rs. 3,000 as hostel charges
whereas Mansi who takes food for 25 days Rs. 3,500 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

We have 8x + 5y = 9 And work done by one boy in one day = 1

y
or, 8x + 5y - 9 = 0 ...(1) 2+7 = 1 ...(1)
x y 4
and 3x + 2y = 4
and 4+4 =1 ...(2)
or, 3x + 2y - 4 = 0 ...(2) x y 3
Comparing equation (1) and (2) with ax + by + c = 0 ,
Let 1 be a and 1 be b , then we have
x y
a1 = 8, b1 = 5, c1 = - 9
2a + 7b = 1 ...(3)
and a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 =- 4 4
By cross-multiplication method, and 4a + 4b = 1 ...(4)

3
x y 1
= = Multiplying equation (3) by 2 and subtract equation
b2 c1 - b1 c2 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - b2 b1
(4) from it
x y
{^5 h^- 4h - ^2 h^- 9h}
=
{^- 9h^3 h - ^- 4h^8h} 10b = 1
6
1
=
{8 # 2 - 3 # 5} b= 1 =1
60 y
or, x = 1 and y = 1 Thus y = 60 days.

-2 1 5 1
x =- 2 and y = 5 Substituting b = 1 in equation (3), we have
60
We use substitution method.
From equation (2), we have 2a + 7 = 1
60 4
3x = 4 - 2y
4 - 2y 2a = 1 - 7
or, x = ...(3) 4 60
3
Substituting this value of y in equation (3) in (1), we a = 1
15
get
4 - 2y Now 1 =1
8b
3 l
+ 5y = 9 15 x
Thus x = 15 days.
32 - 16y + 15y = 27
- y = 27 - 32 54. In an election contested between A and B, A obtained
votes equal to twice the no. of persons on the electoral
Thus y =5 roll who did not cast their votes and this later number
was equal to twice his majority over B . If there were
Substituting this value of y in equation (3)
1,8000 persons on the electoral roll. How many votes
4 - 2 ^5 h for B .
x = = 4 - 10 = - 2
3 3 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Hence, x =- 2 and y = 5 . Let x and y be the no. of votes for A and B

respectively.
53. 2 man and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The no. of persons who did not vote is 18000 - x - y .
It is done by 4 men and 4 boys in 3 days. How long
would it take for one man or one boy to do it ? We have x = 2 ^18000 - x - y h
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] 3x + 2y = 36000 ...(1)
Let the man can finish the work in x days and the boy and ^18000 - x - y h = 2 ^x - y h
can finish work in y days.
or 3x - y = 18000 ...(2)
Work done by one man in one day = 1
x
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),

3y = 18000
We have x+1+y-1 = 9
y = 6000 2 3
Hence vote for B is 6000. 3 ^x + 1h + 2 ^y - 1h = 54
55. In the figure below ABCDE is a pentagon with 3x + 3 + 2y - 2 = 54
BE | | CD and BC | | DE. BC is perpendicular to DC.
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm, find the values 3x + 2y = 53 (1)
of x and y . x-1+y+1 = 8
and
3 2
2 ^x - 1h + 3 ^y + 1h = 48
2x - 2 + 3y + 3 = 48
2x + 3y = 47 (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have
9x + 6y = 159 (3)
4x + 6y = 94 (4)
Subtracting equation (4) from (3) we have
5x = 65
Ans : [Board 2010]
or x = 13
Since BC | | DE and BE | | CD with BC = DC, BCDE Substitute the value of x in equation (2),
is a rectangle.
2 ^13h + 3y = 47
BE = CD,
3y = 47 - 26 = 21
x+y = 5 ...(1)
y = 21 = 7
and DE = BE = x - y 3
Since perimeter of ABCDE is 21, Hence, x = 13 and y = 7
AB + BC + CD + DE + EA = 21
57. Solve for x and y :
3 + x - y + x + y + x - y + 3 = 21 6 - 3 =1
x-1 y-2
6 + 3x - y = 21
5 - 1 = 2 , where x ! 1, y ! 2.
3x - y = 15 x-1 y-2
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
4x = 20 ...(2) 6 - 3 =1
We have (1)
x-1 y-2
x =5
5 - 1 = 2, (2)
Substituting the value of x in (1), we get x-1 y-2
y =0 1 = p and 1 = q . then given equations
Let
x-1 y-2
Thus x = 5 and y = 0 . become
56. Solve for x and y : 6p - 3q = 1 ...(3)
x + 1 + y - 1 = 9 ; x - 1 + y + 1 = 8. and 5p - q = 2 ...(4)
2 3 3 2

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Multiplying equation (4) by 3 and adding in equation a2 b + b2 a = a + b = a + b

(3), we have x y
21p = 7 Substituting p = 1 and q = 1 in the given equations,
x y
p = 7 =1 a2 p - b2 q = 0 ...(1)
21 3
Substituting this value of p in equation (3), we have a2 bp + b2 aq = a + b ...(2)

Multiplying equation (1), by a
6 b 1 l - 3q = 1
3
a3 p - b2 aq = 0 ...(3)
2 - 3q = 1 & q = 1 Adding equation (2) and equation (3),
3
â + a b h p = a + b
3 2
Now, 1 =p=1
x-1 3
â + b h
or, p = = 12
or, x-1 = 3 & x = 4 a2 â + b h a
and 1 =q=1 Substituting the value of p in equation (1),

y-2 3
a2 b 12 l - b2 q = 0 & q = 12
or, y-2 = 3 & y = 5 a b
Hence x = 4 and, y = 5. Now, p = 1 = 12 & x = a2

x a
58. Seven times a two digit number is equal to four times
the number obtained by reversing the order of its and q = 1 = 12 & y = b2
y b
digits. If the difference of the digits is 3, determine Hence, x = a and y = b2
2
the number.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2017] 60. Solve for x and y :
Let the ten’s and unit digit by y and x respectively, ax + by = a + b
So the number is 10y + x 2
The number when digits are reversed becomes 10x + y 3x + 5y = 4
Thus 7 ^10y + x h = 4 ^10x + y h
We have ax + by = a + b
70y + 7x = 40x + 4y 2
or 2ax + 2by = a + b ...(1)
70y - 4y = 40x - 7x
and 3x + 5y = 4 ...(2)
2y = x ...(1)
or x-y = 3 ...(2)
10ax + 10by = 5a + 5b ...(3)
From (1) and (2) we get
Multiplying equation (2) by 2b , we have
y = 3 and x = 6
6bx + 10by = 8b ...(4)
Hence the number is 36.
59. Solve the following pair of equations for x and y :
(10a - 6b) x = 5a - 3b
a2 - b2 = 0, a2 b + b2 a = a + b , x ! 0; y ! 0 .
x y x y or x = 5a - 3b = 1
10a - 6b 2
Substitute x = 1 in equation (2), we get
2
We have a2 - b2 = 0
x y 1
3 # + 5y = 4
2
5y = 4 - 3 = 5 be mixed to make 10 litre of 40 ~ acid solution.

y = 5 =1 Let 50 ~ acids in the solution be x and 25 ~ of other

2#5 2 solution be y .
Total volume in the mixture
Hence x = 1 and y = 1 .
2 2
x + y = 10 ...(1) 1
61. Solve the following pair of equations for x and y :
and 50 x + 25 y = 40 10
4x + 6 = 15, 6x - 8 = 14 100 100 100 #
y y
and also find the value of p such that y = px - 2 . 2x + y = 16 ...(2) 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have
We have 4x + 6 = 15 (1) x =6
y
Substituting this value of x in equation (1)
6x - 8 = 14 , (2) we get
y
6 + y = 10
Let 1 = z , the given equations become
y
4x + 6z = 15 ...(3) y =4
6x - 8z = 14 ...(4) Hence, x = 6 and y = 4 .

Multiply equation (3) by 4 we have 63. Find whether the following pair of linear equations
16x + 24z = 60 (5) has a unique solutions. If yes, find the solution :
Multiply equation (4) by 3 we have 7x - 4y = 49, 5x - 6y = 57 .

18x - 24z = 24 (6)
Adding equation (5) and (6) we have We have 7x - 4y = 49 (1)
34x = 102 5x - 6y = 57 (2)
x = 102 = 3 Comparing with the equation a1 x + b1 y = c1 ,

34
Substitute the value of x in equation (3), a1 = 7, b1 = - 4, c1 = 49
4 ^3 h + 6z = 15 a2 = 5, b2 =- 6, c2 = 57
6z = 15 - 12 = 3 Since, a1 = 7 and b1 = 4
a2 5 b2 6
z =3=1 a1 ! b1
6 2
a2 b2
Now z =1=1 & y =2 So, system has a unique solution.
y 2
Multiply equation (1) by 5 we get
Hence x = 3 and y = 2 .
35x - 20y = 245 (3)
Again y = px - 2
Multiply equation (2) by 7 we get
2 = p ^3 h - 2
35x - 42y = 399 (4)
3p = 4
Subtracting (4) by (3) we have
Thus p =4
3 22y =- 154
62. A chemist has one solution which is 50 ~ acid and a y =- 7
second which is 25 ~ acid. How much of each should

Putting the value of y in equation (2), 2x = 12 & x = 6 km/hr

5x - 6 ^- 7h = 57 Substituting the value of x is equation (1) we have,
6 + y = 10 & y = 10 - 6 = 4 km/hr
5x = 57 - 42 = 15
Thus speed of a boat in still water is 6 km/hr and
x =3 speed of the stream 4 km/hr.
Hence x = 3 and y =- 7 66. For what value of k , which the following pair of linear
equations have infinitely many solutions:
64. 4 chairs and 3 tables cost Rs 2100 and 5 chairs and
2x + 3y = 7 and ^k + 1h x + ^2k - 1h y = 4k + 1
2 tables cost Rs 1750. Find the cost of one chair and
one table separately. Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]

We have 2x + 3y = 7
Let cost of 1 chair be Rs x and cost of 1 table be Rs
and ^k + 1h x + ^2k - 1h y = 4k + 1
y According to the question,
a1 = 2 , b1 = 3
4x + 3y = 2100 ...(1) Here
a2 k + 1 b2 ^2k - 1h
5x + 2y = 1750 ...(2)
and c1 = -7 = 7
Multiplying equation (1) by 2 and equation (2) by 3, c2 - ^4k + 1h ^4k + 1h
For infinite many solutions
8x + 6y = 4200 ...(3)
a1 = b1 = c1
15x + 6y = 5250 ...(iv) a2 b2 c2
For a1 = c1 we have
7x = 1050 a2 c2
x = 150 2 = 7
k+1 4k + 1
Substituting the value of x in (1), y = 500
2 ^4k + 1h = 7 ^k + 1h
Thus cost of chair and table is Rs 150, Rs 500
respectively. 8k + 2 = 7k + 7
k =5
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS Hence, the value of k is 5, for which the given equation
have infinitely many solutions.
65. A man can row a boat downstream 20 km in 2 hours
67. Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices
and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find his speed of
of triangle, the equations of whose sides are given by
rowing in still water. Also find the speed of the stream.
2y - x = 8 , 5y - x = 14 and y - 2x = 1.
Let x be the speed of the boat in still water and y be
the speed of the stream. We have 2y - x = 8
Relative Speed of boat in upstream will be (x - y) and L1 : x = 2y - 8
relative speed of boat in downstream will be (x + y).
According to question, we have y 0 4 5
20 = 2 x = 2y - 8 -8 0 2
x+y
5y - x = 14
x + y = 10 ...(1)
L2 : x = 5y - 14
and 4 =2
x-y y 3 4 2
x-y = 2 ...(2) x = 5y - 14 1 6 -4
and y - 2x = 1 1 +1 = 1
20 y 12
L3 : y = 1 + 2x
1 = 1 - 1 = 5-3
x 0 1 2 y 12 20 60
y = 1 + 2x 1 3 5 1 = 2 = 1 & y = 30
y 60 30
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining Hence, time taken to fill the pool by the larger
them, we get the graphical representation: and smaller diameter pipe are 20 hrs and 30 hrs
respectively.
69. Find c if the system of equations

cx + 3y + ^3 - c h = 0; 12x + cy - c = 0 has infinitely
many solutions?
We have cx + 3y + ^3 - c h = 0
12x + cy - c = 0
Here, a1 = c , b1 = 3 , c1 = 3 - c
a2 12 b2 c c2 -c
For infinite many solutions,
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
For a1 = c1 we have,
a2 c2
c = 3-c
12 -c
Hence, the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle
ABC are A (1, 3), B (2, 5) and C (- 4, 2). - c2 = 36 - 12c
- c2 + 12c - 36 = 0
68. It can take 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two
pipes. If the pipe of larger diameter is used for four c2 - 12c + 36 = 0
hours and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours,
only half of the pool can be filled. How long would it c2 - 6c - 6c + 36 = 0
take for each pipe to fill the pool separately?
c ^c - 6h - 6 ^c - 6h = 0
^c - 6h^c - 6h = 0 & c = 6
Let x be time taken to fill the pool by the larger
diameter pipe and y be the time taken to fill the pool and for b1 = c1 ,
by the smaller diameter pipe. b2 c2
According to question, 3 = 3-c
1+1 = 1 c -c
...(1)
x y 12
- 3c = 3c - c2
and 4+9 =1 ...(2)
x y 2 c2 - 6c = 0
Multiplying equation (1) by 9 and subtracting from c ^c - 6h = 0 & c = 6 or c ! 0
equation (2), we get Hence, the value of c is 6, for which the given equations
5 = 9 -1 = 1 have infinitely many solutions.
x 12 2 4
70. A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of
x = 20 his two children. After 5 years his age will be two
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we have times the sum of their ages. Find the present age of

the father. Since, time cannot be negative, we neglect t = 3

4
Therefore, t =5
Let x be the age of father and y be the sum of the
ages of his children. and t-2 = 5-2 = 3
After 5 years, Hence, time taken by larger tap is 3 hours and time
taken by smaller is 5 hours
Father’s age = ^x + 5h years
72. A boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream
Sum of ages of his children = ^y + 10h years
in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km upstream
According to the given condition, and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of the
x = 3y ...(1) stream and that of the boat in still water.
and x + 5 = 2 ^y + 10h
Let x be the speed of boat in still water and y be the
or, x - 2y = 15 ...(2) speed of stream.
Solving equation (1) and (2), we have Relative speed of boat in downstream will be x + y
and relative speed of boat in upstream will be x - y .
3y - 2y = 15 & y = 15
Time taken to go 30 km upstream,
Substituting value of y in equation (1), we get
30
x = 3 # 15 = 45 t1 = -
x y
Hence, father’s present age is 45, Time taken to go 44 km downstream,
71. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 1 hours. 7 40
8 t2 = +
The tap with longer diameter takes 2 hours less than x y
the tap with smaller one to fill the tank separately. According to the first condition we have
Find the time in which each tap can fill the tank
30 + 44 = 10 ...(1)
separately. x-y x+y
Similarly according to the second condition we have
Let t be the time taken by the smaller diameter top.
40 + 55 = 13 ...(2)
Time for larger tap diameter will be t - 2 . x-y x+y
Total time taken = 1 7 = 15 h . 1 = u and 1 = u , then we have
8 8 Let
x-y x+y
Portion filled in one hour by smaller diameter tap will
1
t and by lager diameter tap will be t - 2
1
30u + 44 u = 10 ...(3)
According to the problem, 40u + 55 u = 13 ...(4)

1+ 1 = 8 Multiplying equation (3) by 4 and equation (4) by 3
t t-2 15 and then subtracting we have
t-2+t = 8 11v = 1 & u = 1

t (t - 2) 15 11
Multiplying equation (3) by 5 and equation (4) by 4
15 ^2t - 2h = 8t ^t - 2h and then subtracting we have
30t - 30 = 8t2 - 16t - 10u =- 2 ...(4)
2
8t - 46t + 30 = 0
u =1
2
5
4t - 23t + 15 = 0
Now u = 1 =1
4t2 - 20t - 3t + 30 = 0 x-y 5
^4t - 3h^t - 5h = 0 & t = 34 or t = 5 x-y = 5 (5)
If t = 3 then t - 2 = 3 - 2 = -5 and u = 1 = 1
4 4 4 x+y 11
x + y = 11 (6) a1 = 2 , b1 = 3 , c1 = 7
Adding equation (5) and (6), we get and a2 = ^k + 2h , b2 = - 3 ^1 - k h , c1 = 5k + 1
2x = 16 & x = 8 a1 = 2 ,
Here,
Substitute value of x in equation (5), we get a2 k+2
8-y = 5 & y = 3 b1 = 3 , c1 = 7
Hence speed of boat in still water is 8 km/hour and b2 - 3 ^1 - k h c2 5k + 1
and speed of stream is 3 km/hour. For a pair of linear equations to have infinitely many
solutions,
73. Sumit is 3 times as old as his son. Five years later he
shall be two and a half times as old as his son. How a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
old is Sumit at present?
Ans : 2 = 3 = 7
[Board 2019 OD]
So,
k+2 - 3 ^1 - k h 5k + 1
Let x be Sumit’s present age and y be his son’s
present age. 2 = 3
According to given condition, k+2 - 3 ^1 - k h
x = 3y 2 ^1 - k h =- ^k + 2h
After five years, ...(1) 2 - 2k =- k - 2 & k = 4
Sumit’s age = x + 5 Hence, for k = 4 , the pair of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions.
and His son’s age = y + 5
Now, again according to given condition, 75. The total cost of a certain length of a piece of cloth is
<200. If the piece was 5 m longer and each metre of
x + 5 = 2 1 (y + 5)
2 cloth costs <2 less, the cost of the piece would have
remained unchanged. How long is the piece and what
x + 5 = 5 (y + 5) is its original rate per metre?
2
2 (x + 5) = 5 (y + 5)
Let x be the length of the cloth and y be the cost of
2x + 10 = 5y + 25 cloth per meter.
2x = 5y + 15 Now x # y = 200
2 (3y) = 5y + 15 [from eq (1)] y = 200 ...(1)

x
6y = 5y + 15 According to given conditions,
y = 15 1. If the piece were 5 m longer
2. Each meter of cloth costed < 2 less
Again, from eq (1)
i.e., (x + 5) (y - 2) = 200
x = 3y = 3 # 15 = 45
Hence, Sumit’s present age is 45 years. xy - 2x + 5y - 10 = 200
74. For what value of k , will the following pair of equations xy - 2x + 5y = 210
have infinitely many solutions:
x b 200 l - 2x + 5 b 200 l = 210
2x + 3y = 7 and ^k + 2h x - 3 ^1 - k h y = 5k + 1 x x
200 - 2x + 1000 = 210
x
We have 2x + 3y = 7 ...(1)
1000 - 2x = 10
and ^k + 2h x - 3 ^1 - k h y = 5k + 1 ...(2) x
Comparing equation (1) with a1 x + b1 y = c1 and
equation (2) by a2 x + b2 y = c2 we have 1000 - 2x2 = 10x
x2 + 25x - 20x - 500 = 0

x (x + 25) - 20 (x + 25) = 0 Here a1 = 3, b1 = 1, c1 =- 7

(x + 25) (x - 20) = 0 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 (2)
x =- 25 , 20 Here a2 = 2, b2 = 5, c2 = 1
Neglecting x =- 25 we get x = 20 . Now a1 = 3 , b1 = - 1
a2 2 b2 5
Now from equation (1), we have
Since 3 ! - 1 , thus a1 ! b1
y = 200 = 200 = 10 2 5 a2 b2
x 20
Hence, given pair of linear equations has a unique
Hence, length of the piece of cloths is 20 m and rate solution.
per meter is < 10.
Now line (1) y = 3x - 7
76. In Figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of
x 0 2 3
x and y .
y -7 -1 2
and line (2)
2x + 5y + 1 = 0
or, y = - 1 - 2x
5
Ans : [Board 2018] x 2 -3

Since ABCD is a rectangle, we have y -1 1
AB = CD and BC = AD Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.
Now x + y = 30 ...(1)
x - y = 14 ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (3) we obtain,
2x = 44 & x = 44 = 22
2
Substituting value of x in equation (1) we
have
22 + y = 30
y = 30 - 22 = 8
x = 22 cm and y = 8 cm
77. Determine graphically whether the following pair of

linear equations :
3x - y = 7
2x + 5y + 1 = 0 has :
a. unique solution
b. infinitely many solutions or
c. no solution.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] Clearly, the two lines intersect at point ^2, - 1h .
Hence x = 2 and y = - 1
We have 3x - y = 7
78. Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations :
or 3x - y - 7 = 0 (1)
x + 2y = 5 and 2x - 3y =- 4
Also find the points where the lines meet the x -axis. After 3 years father’s(Aftab) age = ^x + 3h years
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] After 3 years daughter’s age = ^y + 3h years
We have x + 2y = 5 According to the condition,
or, y = 5-x x + 3 = 3 ^y + 3h
2
or, x - 3y = 6 (2)
x 1 3 5
From equation(1) x - 7y =- 42
y 2 1 0
x 0 7 14
and 2x - 3y =- 4
y = x + 42 6 7 8
or, y = 2x + 4 7
3
From equation (2) x - 3y = 6
x 1 4 -2
y 2 4 0 x 6 12 18
them, we get the following graph. y = x-6 0 2 4
3
Two lines obtained intersect each other at ^42, 12h

Clearly two lines meet x-axis at ^5, 0h and ^- 2, 0h
respectively. Hence, father’s age = 42 years
and daughter’s age = 12 years
79. Aftab tells his daughter, ‘7 years ago, I was seven
times as old as you were then. Also, 3 years from now,
80. For Uttarakhand flood victims two sections A and B
I shall be three times as old as you will be.’ Represent
of class contributed Rs. 1,500. If the
this situation algebraically and graphically.
contribution of X-A was Rs. 100 less than
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] that of X-B, find graphically the amounts
Let the present age of Aftab be x years and the age of contributed by both the sections.
daughter be y years. Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
7 years ago father’s(Aftab) age = ^x - 7h years Let amount contributed by two sections X-A and X-B
be Rs. x and Rs.y .
7 years ago daughter’s age = ^y - 7h years
x + y = 1, 500 ...(1)
According to the question,
y - x = 100 ...(2)
^x - 7h = 7 ^y - 7h
From (1) y = 1500 - x
or, ^x - 7y h =- 42 (1)

x 0 700 1,500
y 1,500 800 0
From (2) y = 100 + x
x 0 700
y 100 800
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point ^3, 3h .

(a) These lines intersect each other at point ^3, 3h .
Hence x = 3 and y = 3
(b) The vertices of triangular region are ^3, 3h , ^- 1, 0h
and ^7, 0h .
(c) Area of T = 1 ×8×3 = 12
2
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point (700, 800)
Hence X-A contributes 700 Rs and X-B contributes Hence, Area of obtained T is 12 sq unit.
800 Rs.
82. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day
81. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations : was found to be Rs. 160. After a month, the cost of
4kg of apples and 2kg of grapes is Rs. 300. Represent
3x - 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0
the situations algebraically and geometrically.
Find the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangular
region formed by these lines and x -axis. Also,
calculate the area of this triangle. Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs.x and cost of 1 kg
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] of grapes be Rs. y .
The given conditions can be represented given by the
We have 3x - 4y + 3 = 0 following equations :
or, y = 3x + 3 2x + y = 160 ...(1)

4
4x + 2y = 300 ...(2)
x 3 7 -1
From equation (1) y = 160 - 2x
y 3 6 0
and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0 x 50 45
y 60 70
or, y = 21 - 3x
4
From equation (2) y = 150 - 2x
x 3 7 11
y 3 0 -2 x 50 40
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining y 50 70
Plotting these points on graph, we get two parallel
line as shown below.
84. Draw the graphs of the equations x - y + 1 = 0 and

3x + 2y - 12 = 0. Determine the co-ordinates of the
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the
X-axis and shade the triangular region.
We have x-y+1 = 0 ...(1)
x 0 4 2
y = x+1 1 5 3
and 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 ...(2)
x 0 2 4
y = 12 - 3x 6 3 0
2

83. Solve the following pair of equations :

2 + 3 = 2 and 4 - 9 =- 1
x y x y
We have 2 + 3 =2
x y
4 - 9 =- 1
x y
Substitute 1 = X and 1 = Y
x y
2X + 3Y = 2 ...(1)
4X - 9Y =- 1 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3, and adding in (2) we
get Clearly, the two lines intersect at point D ^2, 3h .
Hence, x = 2 and y = 3 is the solution of the
10X = 5 & X = 5 = 1 given pair of equations. The line CD intersects the
10 2
1 =1 & x=4 x -axis at the point E ^4, 0h and the line AB intersects
Thus
x 2 the x -axis at the points F ^- 1, 0h . Hence, the co-
ordinates of the vertices of the triangle are D ^2, 3h ,
Putting the value of X in equation (1), we get E ^4, 0h and F ^- 1, 0h .
2 # 1 + 3y = 2 85. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:

2
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1
3Y = 2 - 1 Find the area of the region bounded by the two lines
representing the above equations and y -axis.
Y =1 Ans :
3 [Board Term-1 2012]
Now Y =1 & 1 =1&y=9

3 3 We have 2x + 3y = 12 & y = 12 - 2x
y 3
Hence x = 4 , y = 9 .

x 0 6 3
x 0 6 3
y 4 0 2
y -4 0 -2
We have x-y = 1 & y = x-1
x 0 1 3 Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining

y 1 0 2

The two lines intersect each other at point B ^6, 0h .

Hence, x = 6 and y = 0
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point p ^3, 2h . Again DOAB is the region bounded by the line
2x - 3y = 12 and both the co-ordinate axes.
Area of shaded triangle region, 87. Solve for x and y :
Area of DPAB = 1 # base # height 2x - y + 3 = 0

2
3x - 5y + 1 = 0
= 1 # AB # PM Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2
= 1#5#3 We have 2x - y + 3 = 0 ...(1)

2
3x - 5y + 1 = 0 ...(2)
= 7.5 square unit.
Multiplying equation (1) by 5,and subtracting (2)
86. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically: from it we have
x + 3y = 12, 2x - 3y = 12
7x =- 14
Also shade the region bounded by the line 2x - 3y = 2
and both the co-ordinate axes. x = - 14 =- 2
7
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013, 2012]
Substituting the value of x in equation (1)
We have x + 3y = 6 & y = 6 - x ...(1) we get
3
2x - y + 3 = 0
x 3 6 0
2 ^- 2h - y + 3 = 0
y 1 0 2
-4 - y + 3 = 0
and 2x - 3y = 12 & y = 2x - 12
3
-y - 1 = 0 89. Draw the graph of the following equations:

y =- 1 2x - y = 1, x + 2y = 13
Find the solution of the equations from the graph and
Hence, x =- 2 and y =- 1.
shade the triangular region formed by the lines and
88. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically: the y -axis.
x - y = 1, 2x + y = 8 Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2012]
Also find the co-ordinates of the points where the lines We have 2x - y = 1 & y = 2x - 1
represented by the above equation intersect y - axis .
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] x 0 1 3
y -1 1 5
We have x-y = 1 & y = x-1
x 2 3 -1 and x + 2y = 13 & y = 13 - x
2
y 1 2 -2
x 1 3 5
and 2x + y = 8 & y = 8 - 2x y 6 5 4
x 2 4 0 Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
y 4 0 8

Clearly two obtained lines intersect at point A ^3, 5h .

ABC is the triangular shaded region formed by the
The two lines intersect each other at point A ^3, 2h . obtained lines with the y -axis.
Thus solution of given equations is x = 3, y = 2 .
90. Solve the following pair of equations graphically:
Again, x - y = 1 intersects y - axis at ^0, - 1h
2x + 3y = 12, x - y - 1 = 0 .
and 2x + y = 8 y - axis at ^0, 8h . Shade the region between the two lines represented by
the above equations and the X -axis.

We have 2x + 3y = 12 & y = 12 - 2x 19 + y = 5
3 5
y = 5 - 19 = 25 - 19 = 6
x 0 6 3 5 5 5
y 4 0 2
5 5
also x-y = 1 & y = x-1
By Substituting Method :
x 0 1 3 We have, x+y = 5 ...(1)

y -1 0 2 and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2)
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining From equation (1), y = 5 - x ...(3)
Substituting the value of y from equation (3) in
equation (2),
2x - 3 ^5 - x h = 4
2x - 15 + 3x = 4
5x = 19
x = 19
5
Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get
y = 5 - 19 = 6
5 5
Hence x = 19 and y = 6
5 5
92. Solve for x and y :
3x + 4y = 10
2x - 2y = 2
The two lines intersect each other at point ^3, 2h , Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2.
By Elimination Method :
DABC is the region between the two lines represented
by the given equations and the X -axis. We have, 3x + 4y = 10 ...(1)
91. Solve x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4 by elimination and 2x - 2y = 2 ...(2)

method and the substitution method.
Multiplying equation (2) by 2 and adding in (1),
^3x + 4y h + 2 ^2x - 2y h = 10 + 2 # 2
By Elimination Method :
or, 3x + 4y + 4x - 4y = 10 + 4
We have, x+y = 5 ...(1)
or, 7x = 14 & x = 2
and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and adding in (2) we Hence, x = 2 and y = 1.
have By Substitution Method :
3 ^x + y h + ^2x - 3y h = 3 # 5 + 4 We have 3x + 4y = 10 ...(1)
or, 3x + 3y + 2x - 3y = 15 + 4 and 2x - 2y = 2 ...(2)
5x = 19 & x = 19 From equation (2) 2y = 2x - 2

5
or, y = x-1 ...(3)
Substituting x = 19 in equation (1),
5 Substituting this value of y in equation (1),
3x + 4 ^x - 1h = 10 9 # 139 - 7
y = = 81 - 91
2 2 # 13
7x = 14 & x = 2
From equation (3), y = 2-1 = 1 = - 10 = - 5
26 13
Hence, x = 9 and y = - 5
13 13
93. Solve 3x - 5y - 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7 by elimination
method and the substitution method. 94. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed.
If the train would have been 10 km/hr scheduled time.
And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr, it would
By Elimination Method : have taken 3 hr more than the scheduled time. Find
the distance covered by the train.
We have, 3x - 5y = 4 ...(1) Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
and 9x = 2y + 7 ...(2) Let the actual speed of the train be s and actual time
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and rewriting equation taken t .
(2) we have
Distance = Speed × Time
9x - 15y = 12 ...(3)
= st km
9x - 2y = 7 ...(4)
According to the given condition, we have
Subtracting equation (4) from equation (3),
st = ^s + 10h^t - 2h
- 13y = 5
st = st - 2s + 10t - 20
y =- 5 2s - 10t + 20 = 0
13
Substituting value of y in equation (1), s - 5t =- 10 (1)
3x - 5 b - 5 l = 4 and st = ^s - 10h^t + 3h
13
st = st + 3s - 10t - 30
3x = 4 - 25
13 3s - 10t = 30 ...(2)
x = 27 = 9 Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and subtracting

13 # 3 13 equation (2) from equation (1),
Hence x = 9 and y =- 5 3 # ^s - 5t h - ^3s - 10t h =- 3 # 10 - 30

13 13
- 5t =- 60 & t = 12
By Substituting Method :
Substituting value of t equation (1),
We have 3x - 5y = 4 ...(1)
s - 5 # 12 =- 10
and 9x = 2y + 7 ...(2)
s =- 10 + 60 = 50
y = 9x - 7 ...(3)
2 Hence, the distance covered by the train
Substituting this value of y (3) in equation (1),
= 50 # 12 = 600 km.
3x - 5 # b 9x - 7 l = 4
2 95. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 11:7 and the
ratio of their expenditures is 9:5. If each of them
6x - 45x + 35 = 8 manages to save Rs 400 per month, find their monthly
- 39x =- 27 incomes.
x = 9
13 Let the incomes of two persons be 11x and 7x .
Also the expenditures of two persons be 9y and 5y .
Substituting x = 9 in equation (3),
13

11x - 9y = 400 ...(1)

2x - 4 = y + 1
and 7x - 5y = 400 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 9 2x - y = 5 ...(1)1
we have x+4 = 3
Also,
55x - 45y = 2000 ...(3) y-3 2
and 63x - 45y = 3600 ...(4) 2x + 8 = 3y - 9 ]

Subtracting, above equation we have 2x - 3y =- 17 ...(2) 1
- 8x =- 1600 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
- 1, 600
or, x = = 200 2y = 22 & y = 11
-8
Hence Their monthly incomes are 11 # 200 = Rs Substituting this value of y in equation (1) we have,
2200 and 7 # 200 = Rs 1400. 2x - 11 = 5
96. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway. x =8
Two cars start A and B at the same time. If they
move in the same direction they meet in 15 hours. But Hence, Fraction = 8
11
if they move in the opposite direction, they meet in 1
hours. Find their speeds. 98. If a bag containing red and white balls, half the number
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] of white balls is equal to one-third the number of red
balls. Thrice the total number of balls exceeds seven
Let the speed of the car I from A be x and speed of times the number of white balls by 6. How many balls
the car II from B be y . of each colour does the bag contain ?
Same Direction : Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Distance covered by car I Let the number of red balls be x and white balls be y .
= 150 +(distance covered by car II) According to the question,
y
15x = 150 + 15y = 1 x or 2x - 3y = 0 ...(1)
2 3
15x - 15y = 150
and 3 ^x + y h - 7y = 6
x - y = 10 ...(1)
or 3x - 4y = 6 ...(2)
Opposite Direction :
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by we
Distance covered by car I + distance covered by car II have
= 150 km 6x - 9y = 0 ...(3)
x + y = 150 ...(2) 6x - 8y = 12 ...(4)

Adding equation (1) and (2), we have x = 80 .
y = 12
Substituting x = 80 in equation (1), we have y = 70 .
Speed of the car I from A = 80 km/hr and speed of Substituting y = 12 in equation (1),
the car II from B = 70 km/hr. 2x - 36 = 0
97. If 2 is subtracted from the numerator and 1 is added x = 18
to the denominator, a fraction becomes 12 , but when
4 is added to the numerator and 3 is subtracted from Hence, number of red balls = 18
the denominator, it becomes 32 . Find the fraction.
and number of white balls = 12
99. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying
Let the fraction be x then we have
y the sum of digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by
x-2 = 1 multiplying the difference of digits by 16 and adding
y+1 2
3. Find the number. Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 5

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] and then adding,
Let the digits of number be x and y , then number 9x - 15y = 18

will 10x + y .
10x + 15y = 305
According to the question, we have
8 ^x + y h - 5 = 10x + y x = 323 = 17
19
2x - 7y + 5 = 0 ...(1) Substituting this value of x in equation (1),
also 16 ^x - y h + 3 = 10x + y 3 ^17h - 5y = 6
6x - 17y + 3 = 0 ...(2) 5y = 51 - 6
Comparing the equation with ax + by + c = 0 we get y =9
a1 = 2, b1 = - 1, c1 = 5 Hence, perimeter = 2 ^x + y h = 2 ^17 + 9h = 52 units.
a2 = 6, b2 =- 17, c2 = 3 101.Solve for x and y : 2 ^3x - y h = 5xy, 2 ^x + 3y h = 5xy .

y Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2012]
Now x = = 1
b2 c1 - b1 c2 c1 a2 - c2 a1 c1 b2 - a2 b1
We have 2 ^3x - y h = 5xy ...(1)
x y
= 2 ^x + 3y h = 5xy ...(2)
^- 7h^3 h - ^- 17h^5h ^5h^6 h - ^2h^3 h
Divide equation (1) and (2) by xy ,
= 1
^2h^- 17h - ^6 h^- 7h 6-2 =5 ...(3)
y x
x y 1
= =
- 21 + 85 30 - 6 - 34 + 42 2+6 =5
and ...(4)
y x
x = y =1
64 24 8
Let 1 = a and 1 = b , then equations (3) and (4)
y x
x =y =1 become
8 3
6a - 2b = 5 ...(5)
Hence, x = 8, y = 3
2a + 6b = 5 ...(6)
So required number = 10 # 8 + 3 = 83 . Multiplying equation (5) by 3 and then adding with
equation (6),
100.The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units,
if its length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth 20a = 20
is increased by 3 units. The area is increased by 67
a =1
square units if length is increased by 3 units and
breadth is increased by 2 units. Find the perimeter of Substituting this value of a in equation (5),
the rectangle.
b =1
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] 2
Now 1 =a=1 & y =1
Let length of given rectangle be x and breadth be y , y
then area of rectangle will be xy .
According to the first condition we have and 1 =b=1 & x =2
x 2
^x - 5h^y + 3h = xy - 9
Hence, x = 2, y = 1
or, 3x - 5y = 6 ...(1)
According to the second condition, we have 102.The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If
3 students are extra in a row, there would be 1 row
^x + 3h^y + 2h = xy - 67 less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2
or, 2x + 5y = 61 ...(2)

rows more. Find the number of students in the class. 3x = 57

x = 19 years
Let the number of students in a row be x and the
Putting x = 19 in equation (3),
number of rows be y . Thus total will be xy .
19 - y = 3
Now ^x + 3h^y - 1h = xy
xy + 3y - x - 3 = xy y = 16 years
- x + 3y - 3 = 0 ...(1) Case II : When x - y =- 3 ...(4)
and ^x - 3h^y + 2h = xy Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (2),
xy - 3y + 2x - 6 = xy 3x = 60 + 3
2x - 3y - 6 = 0 ...(2) 3x = 63
Multiply equation (1) 2 we have x = 21 years
- 2x + 6y - 6 = 0 ...(3) Subtracting equation (4), we get
Adding equation (2) and (3) we have 21 - y =- 3
3y - 12 = 0 y = 24 years
y =4 Hence, Ani’s age = 19 years or 21 years Biju age = 16

years or 24 years.
Substitute y = 4 in equation (1)
- x + 12 - 3 = 0 104.One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then
become twice as rich as you.” The other replies, “If
x =9 you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you.”
Tell me what is the amount of their (respective)
Total students xy = 9 # 4 = 36 capital.
Total students in the class is 36. Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Let the amount of their respective capitals be x and

103.The ages of two friends ani and Biju differ by 3 years.
Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as ani and Biju y.
is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy According to the given condition,
and Dharam differ by 30 year. Find the ages of Ani x + 100 = 2 ^y - 100h
and Biju.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] x - 2y =- 300 ...(1)
Let the ages of Ani and Biju be x and y , respectively. and 6 ^x - 10h = y + 10
According to the given condition, 6x - y = 70 ...(2)
x - y =! 3 ...(1) Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we have
Also, age of Ani’s father Dharam = 2x years 12x - 2y = 140 ...(3)
y Subtracting (1) from equation (3) we have
And age of Biju’s sister = years
2 11x = 440
According to the given condition,
x = 40
y
2x - = 30 Substituting x = 40 in equation (1),
2
4x - y = 60 ...(2) 40 - 2y =- 300
Case I : When x - y = 3 ...(3) or, 2y = 340
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2), y = 170

Hence, the amount of their respective capitals are 40
and 170. Let 1 be a and 1 be b , then we have

x-y x+y
105.A fraction become 119 if 2 is added to both numerator
and denominator. If 3 is added to both numerator and 30a + 28b = 7 ...(1)
denominator it becomes 56 . Find the fraction.
21a + 21b = 5 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 4
Let the fraction be x , then according to the question,
y we have
x+2 = 9
y+2 11 90a + 84b = 21 ...(3)
11x + 22 = 9y + 18 84a + 84b = 20 ...(4)
or, 11x - 9y + 4 = 0 ...(1) Subtracting (4) from (3) we have,
x+3 = 5 6a = 1
and
y+3 6
a =1
or, 6x - 5y + 3 = 0 ...(2) 6
Putting this value of a in equation (1),
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
30 # 1 + 28b = 7
we get a1 = 11, b1 = 9, c1 = 4 , 6
a2 = 6, b2 =- 5, and c2 = 3 28b = 7 - 30 # 1 = 2
6
x y 1 b = 1
Now, = = 14
b2 c1 - b1 c2 c1 a2 - c2 a1 a1 b2 - b2 b1
x y Thus x + y = 14 ...(5)
=
^- 9h^3 h - ^- 5h^4 h ^4 h^6 h - ^11h^3 h 1 =1
Now, a =
x-y 6
= 1
1 ^11h^- 5h - ^9h^- 9h or, x-y = 6 ...(6)
x y 1 and x + y = 14
or, = =
- 27 + 20 24 - 33 - 55 + 54
Solving equation (5) and (6), we get
x = y = 1
-7 -9 -1 x = 10, y = 4
Hence, x = 7, y = 9 Hence, speed of the boat in still water = 10 km/hr
Thus fraction is 7 . and speed of the stream = 4 km/hr.

9
106.A motor boat can travel 30 km upstream and 28 km 107.A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream
downstream in 7 hours. It can travel 21 km upstream in 7 hours. Also, it covers 40 km upstream and 48 km
and return in 5 hours. Find the speed of the boat in downstream in 9 hours. Find the speed of the boat in
still water and the speed of the stream. still water and that of the stream.
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr Let the speed of the boat be x km/hr and the speed
and speed of the stream be y km/hr. of the stream be y km/hr.
Speed of boat up stream = ^x - y h km/hr. According to the question,
Speed of boat down stream = ^x + y h km/hr. 32 + 36 = 7
x-y x+y
30 + 28 = 7
x-y x+y 40 + 48 = 9
and
x-y x+y
and 21 + 21 = 5
x-y x+y 1 = A, 1 = B , then we have
Let
x-y x+y

ax + ay - bx + by = 3a + b - 2
32A + 36B = 7 ...(1)
â - b h x + â + b h y - ^3a + b - 2h = 0
and 40A + 48B = 9 ...(2)
Here a2 = a - b, b2 = a + b, c2 =- ^3a + b - 2h
Multiplying equation (1) by 5 and (2) by 4, we have
For infinite many solutions
160A + 180B = 35 ...(3)
a1 = b1 = c1
and 160A + 192B = 36 ...(4 a2 b2 c2
Subtracting (4) from (3) we have 2 = 3 = -7
a-b a + b ^3a + b - 2h
- 12B =- 1
From 2 = 7 we have
B = 1 a-b 3a + b - 2
12
Substituting the value of B in (2) we get 2 ^3a + b - 2h = 7 â - b h
40A + 48 b 1 l = 9 6a + 2b - 4 = 7a - 7b
12
a - 9b =- 4 ...(1)
40A + 4 = 9
From 3 = 7 we have
40A = 5 a+b 3a + b - 2
A =1 3 ^3a + b - 2h = 7 â + b h
8
9a + 3b - 6 = 7a + 7b
Thus A = 1 and B = 1
8 12 2a - 4b = 6
Hence A =1= 1 a - 2b = 3 ...(2)

8 x-y
Subtracting equation (1) from (2),
x-y = 8 ...(5)
- 7b =- 7
and B = 1 = 1 b =1
12 x + y
x + y = 12 ...(6) Substituting the value of b in equation (1),

Adding equations (5) and (6) we have, a =5
2x = 20 Hence, a = 5, b = 1.
x = 10
109.At a certain time in a deer, the number of heads and
Substituting this value of x in equation (1), the number of legs of deer and human visitors were
y = x - 8 = 10 - 8 = 2 counted and it was found that there were 39 heads
and 132 legs.
Hence, the speed of the boat in still water = 10 km/
hr and speed of the stream = 2 km/hr. Find the number of deer and human visitors in the
park.
108.For what values of a and b does the following pair
of linear equations have infinite number of solution ? Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2x + 3y = 7, a ^x + y h - b ^x - y h = 3a + b - 2 Let the no. of deer be x and no. of human be y .

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] According to the question,
x + y = 39 ...(1)
We have 2x + 3y - 7 = 0
and 4x + 2y = 132 ...(2)
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 =- 7
Multiply equation (1) from by 2,
and a ^x + y h - b ^x - y h = 3a + b - 2
2x + 2y = 78 ...(3)
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Subtract equation (3) from (2), equilateral , find its perimeter.

2x = 54
For an equilateral T,
x = 27
y
Substituting this value of x in equation (1) 2x + = 5x + y + 1 = 1 x + 2y + 5
2 3 2 2 2
27 + y = 39 4x + y 10x + 6y + 3
Now =
2 6
y = 12
So, No. of deer = 27 and No. of human = 12 12x + 3y = 10x + 6y + 3
2x - 3y = 3 ...(1)
110.Find the value of p and q for which the system of
y
equations represent coincident lines 2x + 3y = 7 , Again, 2x + = 2 x + 2y + 5
^p + q + 1h x + ^p + 2q + 2h y = 4 ^p + q h + 1 2 3 2
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] 4x + y 4x + 12y + 15
=
2 6
We have 2x + 3y = 7
12x + 3y = 4x + 12y + 15
^p + q + 1h x + ^p + 2q + 2h y = 4 ^p + q h + 1
Comparing given equation to ab + by + c = 0 we have 8x - 9y = 15 ...(2)
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = - 7 Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have
a2 = p + q + 1, b2 = p + 2q + 2, c2 =- 4 ^p + q h - 1
For coincident lines, 6x - 9y = 9 ...(1)
Subtracting it from (2) we get
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2 2x = 6 & x = 3
2 3 7 Substituting this value of x into (1), we get
= =
p+q+1 p + 2q + 2 4 ^p + q h + 1
2 # 3 - 3y = 3
From 3 = 7 we have
p + 2q + 2 4 ^p + q h + 1 or, 3y = 3 & y = 1
Now substituting these value of x and y
7p + 14q + 14 = 12p + 12q + 3
y
2x + = 2 # 3 + 1 = 6.5
5p - 2q - 11 = 0 ...(1) 2 2
The perimeter of equilateral triangle = side # 3

From 2 = 7 we have
p+q+1 4 ^p + q h + 1 = 6.5 # 3 = 19.5 cm
8 ^p + q h + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7 Hence, the perimeter of T = 19.5 m
8p + 8q + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7 112.When 6 boys were admitted and 6 girls left, the
p+q-5 = 0 ...(2) percentage of boys increased from 60% to 75%. Find
the original no. of boys and girls in the class.
Multiplying equation (2) by 5 we have Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
5p + 5q - 25 = 0 ...(3) Let the no. of boys be x and no. of girls be y .

Subtracting equation (1) from (3) we get No. of students = x + y
Now x = 60 ...(1)
7q = 14 x+y 100
q =2 x+6
and = 75 ...(2)
Hence, p = 3 and q = 2 . ^x + 6h + ^y - 6h 100
From (1), we have

111.The length of the sides of a triangle are
2x + y2 , 53x + y + 12 and 23 x + 2y + 52 . If the triangle is 100x = 60x + 60y

40x - 60y = 0 114.The population of a village is 5000. If in a year, the

number of males were to increase by 5% and that of a
2x - 3y = 0 female by 3% annually, the population would grow to
2x = 3y (3) 5202 at the end of the year. Find the number of males
and females in the village.
From (2) we have Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
100x + 600 = 75x + 75y Let the number of males be x and females be y
25x - 75y =- 600 Now x + y = 5, 000 ...(1)
x - 3y =- 24 3y
...(4) and x+ 5 x+y+ = 5202
100 100
Substituting the value of 3y from (3) in to (4) we
have, 5x + 3y
+ 5000 = 5202
x - 2x =- 24 & x = 24 100
3y = 24 # 2 5x + 3y = ^5202 - 5000h # 100
y = 16 5x + 3y = 20200 (2)
Hence, no. of boys is 24 and no. of girls is 16. Multiply (1) by 3 we have
3x + 3y = 15, 000 ...(3)
113.A cyclist, after riding a certain distance, stopped
for half an hour to repair his bicycle, after which he Subtracting (2) from (3) we have
completes the whole journey of 30 km at half speed in
5 hours. If the breakdown had occurred 10 km farther 2x = 5200 & x = 2600
off, he would have done the whole journey in 4 hours.
Substituting value of x in (1) we have
Find where the breakdown occurred and his original
speed. 2600 - y = 5000 & y = 2400
Thus no. of males is 2600 and no. of females is 2400.
Let x be the distance of the place where breakdown
occurred and y be the original speed,
x + 30 - x = 5
y y
2
x + 60 - 2x = 5 115.Due to ongoing Corona virus outbreak, Wellness

or Medical store has started selling masks of decent
y y
quality. The store is selling two types of masks
x + 60 - 2x = 5y currently type A and type B .
x + 5y = 60 ...(1)
and x + 10 + 30 - ^x + 10h = 4
y y
2
x + 10 + 60 - 2 ^x + 10h = 4
y y
x + 10 + 60 - 2x - 20 = 4y
- x + 50 = 4y
x + 4y = 50 (2)
Subtract equation (2) from (1), y = 10 km/hr.
The cost of type A mask is Rs. 15 and of type B mask
Now from (2), x + 40 = 50 & x = 10 km is Rs. 20. In the month of April, 2020, the store sold
Break down occurred at 10 km and original speed was 100 masks for total sales of Rs. 1650.
10 km/hr.
and 15x + 20y = 1650 ...(2)

Multiplying equation (1) by 15 and subtracting from
(2) we obtain,
5y = 150 & y = 30
(i) How many masks of each type were sold in the x = 100 - 30 = 70
month of April? Hence 70 masks of type A, and 30 masks of type B
(a) 40 masks of type A, and 60 masks of type B were sold.
(b) 60 masks of type A, and 40 masks of type B Thus (c) is correct option.
(c) 70 masks of type A, and 30 masks of type B (ii) Total Sales = 50 # 15 + 50 # 20 = 1750
(d) 30 masks of type A, and 70 masks of type B Thus (d) is correct option.
(ii) If the store had sold 50 masks of each type, what (iii) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the
would be its sales in the month of April? type of mask B sold in April.
(a) Rs 550 Now, x + y = 310 ...(1)
(b) Rs 560 and 20x + 25y = 6875 ...(ii)
(c) Rs 1050 Multiplying equation (1) by 20 and subtracting it
(d) Rs 1750 from equation (2), we obtain
(iii) Due to great demand and short supply, the store 5y = 675 & y = 135
has increased the price of each type by Rs. 5 from
x = 310 - 135 = 175
May 1, 2020. In the month of May, 2020, the store
sold 310 masks for total sales of Rs. 6875. How Thus (a) is correct option.
many masks of each type were sold in the month
of May? (iv)Increase in type A = 175 - 70 # 100 = 150 %
70
(a) 175 masks of type A, and 135 masks of type
B
Increase in type B = 105 - 30 # 100 = 350 %
30
(b) 200 masks of type A, and 110 masks of type
B Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 110 masks of type A, and 200 masks of type (v) Total sale value in May at old price
B
= 175 # 15 + 135 # 20 = 5325
(d) 135 masks of type A, and 175 masks of type
B Total sale value in May at new price
(iv) What percent of masks of each type sale was = 6875
increased in the month of May, compared with
the sale of month April? Extra Profit = 6875 - 5325 = 1550
(a) 110 % in type A and 180 % in type B Alternative :
(b) 180 % in type A and 110 % in type B Since extra profit is Rs 5 on per mask and total mask
sold are 310, thus extra profit = 310 # 5 = 1550 .
(c) 350 % in type A and 150 % in type B
(d) 150 % in type A and 350 % in type B
116.An architect is a skilled professional who plans and
(v) What extra profit did store earn by increasing designs buildings and generally plays a key role in
price in May month. their construction. Architects are highly trained in
(a) Rs 1550 (b) Rs 3100 the art and science of building design. Since they
(c) Rs 1650 (d) Rs 1825 bear responsibility for the safety of their buildings’
Ans :
(i) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the
type of mask B sold in April.
Now x + y = 100 ...(1)

occupants, architects must be professionally licensed. rate of Rs. 50 per sq. m ?

(a) Rs. 1500 (b) Rs. 2000
(c) Rs. 1750 (d) Rs. 3000
Ans :
(i) Area of two bedrooms = 5x + 5x = 10x m2
Area of kitchen = 5y m2
Thus 10x + 5y = 95 & 2x + y = 19
Also from figure, we have,
x + 2 + y = 15 & x + y = 13
(ii) Length of outer boundary
Varsha is a licensed architect and design very
innovative house. She has made a house layout for her = 2 (5 + 2 + 5 + 15) = 54 m
client which is given below. In the layout, the design Thus (d) is correct option.
and measurements has been made such that area of (iii) Solving and 2x + y = 19 and x + y = 13 we get
two bedrooms and kitchen together is 95 sq. m. x = 6 m and y = 7 m.
Area of bedroom = 5 # 6 = 30 sq. m
Area of kitchen = 5 # 7 = 35 sq. m
(iv) Area of living room
= (15 # 7) - 30 = 105 - 30 = 75 m2
(v) Area of kitchen = 7 # 5 = 35 sq m
Cost of laying tiles in kitchen = Rs. 50 per m2
Total cost of laying tiles in kitchen
= 50 # 35 = 1750 Rs
117.Dipesh bought 3 notebooks and 2 pens for Rs. 80. His

(i) Which pair of linear equations does describe this
friend Ramesh said that price of each notebook could
situation ?
be Rs. 25. Then three notebooks would cost Rs.75,
(a) 2x + y = 19 and x + y = 13 the two pens would cost Rs. 5 and each pen could be
(b) x + 2y = 19 and 2x + y = 13 for Rs. 2.50. Another friend Amar felt that Rs. 2.50
(c) 2x + y = 38 and x + y = 13 for one pen was too little. It should be at least Rs. 16.
Then the price of each notebook would also be Rs.16.
(d) 2x + y = 38 and 2x + y = 13
(ii) What is the length of the outer boundary of the
layout.
(a) 24 m (b) 48 m
(c) 27 m (d) 54 m
(iii) What is the area of bedroom 1 ?
(a) 24 m2 (b) 30 m2
(c) 28 m2 (d) 24 m2
(iv) What is the area of living room in the layout ?
(a) 54 m2 (b) 48 m2
(c) 75 m2 (d) 24 m2
(v) What is the cost of laying tiles in Kitchen at the
Aditya also bought the same types of notebooks and more than the price he paid.
pens as Dipesh. He paid 110 for 4 notebooks and 3 Therefore, Amar’s estimation is also wrong.
pens. Thus (d) is correct option.
(i) Whether the estimation of Ramesh and Amar is (ii) According to the statement, we have
applicable for Aditya? 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110
(a) Ramesh’s estimation is wrong but Amar’s Thus (b) is correct option.
estimation is correct. (iii) Solving 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 we get
(b) Ramesh’s estimation is correct but Amar’s x = 20 and y = 10
estimation is wrong. Thus cost of 1 notebook is 20 Rs and cost of 1 pen is
(c) Both estimation are correct. 10 Rs
(b) Ramesh’s estimation is wrong but Amar’s Thus (b) is correct option.
estimation is also wrong. (iv) Cost of 1 pen = Rs. 10
(ii) Let the cost of one notebook be x and that of
pen be y . Which of the following set describe the (v) Total cost 15 # 20 + 12 # 10 = 420 Rs
given problem ? Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 2x + 3y = 80 and 3x + 4y = 110
118.Mr. RK Agrawal is owner of a famous amusement
(b) 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 park in Delhi. The ticket charge for the park is Rs 150
(c) 2x + 3y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 for children and Rs 400 for adult.
(d) 3x + 2y = 80 and 3x + 4y = 110
(iii) What is the exact cost of the notebook?
(a) Rs 10
(b) Rs 20
(c) Rs 16 Generally he does not go to park and it is managed by
(d) Rs 24 team of staff. One day Mr Agrawal decided to random
check the park and went there. When he checked the
(iv) What is the exact cost of the pen? cash counter, he found that 480 tickets were sold and
(a) Rs 10 (b) Rs 20 Rs 134500 was collected.
(c) Rs 16 (d) Rs 24 (i) Let the number of children visited be x and the
number of adults visited be y . Which of the
(v) What is the total cost if they purchase the same
following is the correct system of equations that
type of 15 notebooks and 12 pens.
model the problem ?
(a) Rs 410 (b) Rs 200
(a) x + y = 480 and 3x + 8y = 2690
(c) Rs 420 (d) Rs 240
(b) x + 2y = 480 and 3x + 4y = 2690
Ans :
(c) x + y = 480 and 3x + 4y = 2690
(i) Consider the prices mentioned by Ramesh. (d) x + 2y = 480 and 3x + 8y = 2690
If the price of one notebook is Rs. 25 and the price of
one pen is Rs. 2.50 then, (ii) How many children visited the park ?
The cost of 4 notebooks would be : 4 # 25 = 100 Rs (a) 250
And the cost for 3 pens would be : 3 # 2.5 = 7.5 Rs (b) 500
Aditya should have paid 100 + 7.5 = 107.5 Rs. (c) 230
But he paid Rs. 110, thus Ramesh’s estimation is (d) 460
wrong.
(iii) How many adults visited the park?
Now, consider the prices mentioned by Amar.
(a) 250 (b) 500
The cost of 4 notebooks, if one is for Rs.16, would be
: 4 # 16 = 64 Rs (c) 230 (d) 460
And the cost for 3 pens, if one is for Rs. 16, would be (iv) How much amount collected if 300 children and
: 3 # 16 = 64 Rs 350 adults visited the park?
Aditya should have paid 64 + 48 = 112 Rs but this is (a) Rs 225400 (b) Rs 154000

(c) Rs 112500 (d) Rs 185000 fare for ride :

(v) One day total visited children and adults together Ride Normal Hours Fare Peak Hours Fare
is 750 and the total amount collected is Rs 212500.
Horse Rs 50 3 Times
What are the number of children and adults
visited the park ? Elephant Rs 100 2 Times
(a) (700, 800) (b) (350, 400) Some people choose to ride on horse and rest choose
to ride on elephant.
(c) (800, 700) (d) (400, 350)
(i) First day we rode in normal hours and we paid
Ans :
Rs 1950 for ride. Let x be the number of horses
(i) Since 480 people visited, we obtain x + y = 480 . hired and y be the number elephants hired.
Collected amount is Rs 134500 thus Which of the following is the correct system of
150x + 400y = 134500 & 3x + 8y = 2690 equation that model the problem ?
Thus (a) is correct option. (a) 2x + y = 25 and 2x + y = 49
(ii) Solving the equations x + y = 480 and (b) 2x + y = 25 and 2x + y = 39
3x + 8y = 2690 we get x = 230 and y = 250 (c) x + y = 25 and x + 2y = 39
Number of children attended = 230
(d) x + y = 25 and x + 2y = 49
Number of adults attended = 250
Thus (c) is correct option. (ii) How many horses were hired ?
(iii) Number of adults visited the park = 250 (a) 9 (b) 14
Thus (a) is correct option. (c) 16 (d) 11
a. (iv) Amount = 150 # 300 + 400 # 350 = 185000 (iii) How many elephant were hired ?
Rs
(a) 9 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 11
(v) Solving the equations x + y = 750 and
150x + 400y = 212500 & 3x + 8y = 4250 we have (iv) Next day we rode in peak hours, then how much
x = 350 and y = 400 total fare was paid by our group?
i.e Number of children = 350 (a) Rs 2250 (b) Rs 2650
Number of adults = 400. (c) Rs 4450 (d) Rs 3250
(v) What was the increase in total fare because of
119.Jodhpur is the second-largest city in the Indian state peak hours ride ?
of Rajasthan and officially the second metropolitan (a) Rs 2500 (b) Rs 2550
city of the state. Jodhpur was historically the capital (c) Rs 2200 (d) Rs 1550
of the Kingdom of Marwar, which is now part of
Ans :
Rajasthan. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination,
featuring many palaces, forts, and temples, set in the (i) Let x be the number of horses hired and y be the
stark landscape of the Thar Desert. It is popularly number of elephant hired, then we have x + y = 25
known as the “Blue City” among people of Rajasthan and 50x + 100y = 1950 & x + 2y = 39
and all over India. The old city circles the Mehrangarh Thus (c) is correct option.
Fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. The (ii) Solving equations x + y = 25 and x + 2y = 39 we
city has expanded greatly outside the wall, though, get x = 11 and y = 14 .
over the past several decades. Jodhpur is also known
Number of horses hired = 11
for the rare breed of horses known as Marwari or
Malani, which are only found here. Thus (d) is correct option.
(iii) Number of elephant hired = 14.
(iv) For horse riding fare = 3 # 50 # 11 = 1650 Rs.
For elephant ride fare = 2 # 100 # 14 = 2800 Rs
Total fare = 1650 + 2800 = 4450 Rs
Last year we visited Jodhpur in a group of 25 friends.
(v) Total fare in normal hour = 1950
When we went mehrangarh fort we found following
Total fare in peak hour = 4450 y = x + 10

Extra fare = 4450 - 1950 = 2500
Solving x = 10 , y = 20
Thus he made 20 fixed goal.
120.In the 1961–1962 NBA basketball season,Wilt Thus (b) is correct option.
Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors made 30
(ii) Free throw x = 10
baskets. Some of the baskets were free throws (worth
1 point each) and some were field goals (worth 2 Thus (a) is correct option.
points each). The number of field goals was 10 more (iii) Point scored = 10 + 2 # 20 = 50
than the number of free throws. Thus (a) is correct option.
(iv)Average point 50 = 10
5
(v) Average point 50 = 5

10
Are you opting for Maths/Applied Maths in 11th ?

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(i) How many field goals did he make ?
Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
(a) 10 Goals
or Scan Code
(b) 20 Goals
(c) 15 Goals
(d) 18 Goals
(ii) How many free throws did he make?
(a) 10 Goals (b) 20 Goals
(c) 15 Goals (d) 18 Goals
(iii) What was the total number of points scored?
(a) 50 (b) 80
(c) 60 (d) 45
(iv) If Wilt Chamberlain played 5 games during this
season, what was the average number of points
per game?
(a) 5 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) 4
(v) If Wilt Chamberlain played 10 games during this
season, what was the average number of points
per game?
(a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 4 (d) 5
Ans :
(i) Let x be the free throw and y be the fixed goal.
As per question
x + y = 30

Chap 4 Quadratic Equations Page 83
CHAPTER 4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
ONE MARK QUESTIONS Now, 1 + 1 = a + b =- 2 =- 2

a b ab 1
1. If the sum and product of the zeroes of a quadratic 4. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
polynomial are 3 and - 10 respectively, find the 2x2 - 13x + 6 , then what is the value of a + b ?
quadratic polynomial. Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
We have p (x) = 2x2 - 13x + 6
Sum of zeroes, a+b = 3 Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c we get a = 2 , b =- 13
and a = 6 .
and product of zeroes, ab =- 10
(- 13)
Quadratic polynomial, Sum of zeroes a + b = - b =- = 13
a 2 2
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) + ab
5. Find the roots of the quadratic equation
= x2 - 3x - 10 x2 - 0.04 = 0
2. If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
kx2 + 2x + 3k is equal to their product, then what is We have x2 - 0.04 = 0
the value of k ?
x2 = 0.04
x = ! 0.04
We have p (x) = kx2 + 2x + 3k
Comparing it byax2 + bx + c , we get a = k , b = 2 x = ! 0.2.
and c = 3k .
6. If ½ is a root of the equation x2 + kx - 54 = 0 , then
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- b =- 2 what is the value of k ?
a k
Ans : [Board 2009]
Product of zeroes, ab = c = 3k = 3
a k We have x2 + kx - 5 = 0
4
According to question, we have
Since, ½ is a root of the given quadratic equation, it
a + b = ab must satisfy it.
- 2 = 3 & k =- 2
2
k 3 Thus b 1 l + kb 1 l - 5 = 0
2 2 4
3. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 2x + 1 1+k -5 =0

, then what is the value of a1 + 1b ? 4 2 4
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] 1 + 2k - 5 = 0
2 4
Since a and b are the zeros of polynomial x + 2x + 1,
2k - 4 = 0 & k = 2
Sum of zeroes, a + b =- 2 =- 2
1
7. What are the values of k for which the quadratic
and product of zeroes, ab = 1 = 1 equation 2x2 - kx + k = 0 has equal roots?
1
Ans : [Board 2010]
Page 84 Quadratic Equations Chap 4
We have 2x2 - kx + k = 0 Ans : [Board Term - 2 2016]
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we a = 2 , b = - k We have x2 + y2 = 25

and c = k .
For equal roots, the discriminant must be zero. and xy = 12
2
Thus b2 - 4ac = 0 x2 + b 12 l = 25
x
^- k h2 - 4 ^2 h k = 0
x 4 + 144 - 25x2 = 0
k2 - 8k = 0
^x2 - 16h ^x2 - 9h = 0
k ^k - 8h = 0 & k = 0, 8
Hence, x2 = 16 & x = ! 4
Hence, the required values of k are 0 and 8.
and x2 = 9 & x = ! 3
8. If one root of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
is the reciprocal of the other, then show that a = c . 12. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
Ans : [Board Term - 2 2011] 2x2 - 3 2 x + 94 = 0
Ans :
If one root is a , then the other 1 .
[Board Term - 2 2013]
a
Product of roots, a$ 1 = c We have 2x2 - 3 2 x + 9 = 0
a a 4
Here a = 2 , b =- 3 2 , c = 9
1 =c & a =c 4
a 2
Discriminant D = b - 4ac
9. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
= ^- 3 2 h - 4 # 2 # 9
2
2x2 - 5 x + 1 = 0 . 4
Ans : [Board Term - 2 2017]
= 18 - 18 = 0
2
We have 2x2 - 5x + 1 = 0 Thus, 2x - 3 2 x + = 0 has real and equal roots.
9
4
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get a = 2, b = - 5 13. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
and c = 1, x2 + x - 5 = 0 .
b2 - 4ac = ^- 5 h - 4 # ^2 h # ^1 h
2
Now Ans : [Board Term - 2 2015]
= 5 - 8 =- 3 < 0 We have x2 + x - 5 = 0
Since, discriminant is negative, therefore Here, a = 1, b = 1, c =- 5
quadratic equation 2x2 - 5 x + 1 = 0 has no
real roots i.e., imaginary roots. Now, D = b2 - 4ac
10. What are the real roots of the equation = ^1 h2 - 4 # 1 # ^- 5h

x2/3 + x1/3 - 2 = 0 ?
= 21 > 0
So x2 + x - 5 = 0 has two distinct real roots.
2/3 1/3
We have x +x -2 = 0
Substituting x1/3 = y we obtain,
x2 + 3x + 2 2 = 0 .
y2 + y - 2 = 0 Ans : [Board Term - 2 2014]
^y - 1h ^y + 2h = 0 & y = 1 or y =- 2 We have x2 + 3x + 2 2 = 0
Thus x1/3 = 1 & x = ^1 h3 = 1 Here, a = 1, b = 3 and c = 2 2
or x1/3
=- 2 & x = ^- 2h =- 8 3
Now, D = b2 - 4ac
Hence, the real roots of the given equations are 1,
-8 . = ^3 h2 - 4 ^1 h^2 2 h
= 9-8 2 < 0
11. If x2 + y2 = 25 , xy = 12 , then what is the value of x ?

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Hence, roots of the equation are not real. = 16 + 12 2 > 0

Thus (c) is correct option. Hence, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
15. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 19. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
5x2 - 3x + 1 = 0 . 3x2 + 4 3 x + 4 .
Ans : [Board Term - 2 2012] Ans : [Board Term - 2 Delhi 2014]
We have 5x2 - 3x + 1 = 0 We have 3x2 + 4 3 x + 4 = 0

Here a = 5 , b =- 3 , c = 1 Here, a = 3 , b = 4 3 and c = 4
Now, D = b - 4ac = ^- 3h - 4 ^5 h^1 h
2 2
D = b2 - 4ac = ^4 3 h - 4 ^3 h^4 h
2
Now
= 9 - 20 < 0
= 48 - 48 = 0
Hence, roots of the equation are not real.
Hence, the equation has real and equal roots.
20. Value of the roots of the quadratic equation,
16. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation x2 - x - 6 = 0 are ......... .
x2 - 4x + 3 2 = 0 .
2
x2 - x - 6 = 0
We have x - 4x + 3 2 = 0
x2 - 3x + 2x - 6 = 0
Here a = 1, b =- 4 and c = 3 2
x (x - 3) + 2 (x - 3) = 0
Now D = b2 - 4ac = ^- 4h2 - 4 ^1 h^3 2 h
(x - 3) (x + 2) = 0 & x = 3 and x =- 2
= 16 - 12 2
21. If quadratic equation 3x2 - 4x + k = 0 has equal roots,
= 16 - 12 # ^1.41h
then the value of k is .......... .
= 16 - 16.92 =- 0.92 Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
b2 - 4ac < 0
Given, quadratic equation is 3x2 - 4x + k = 0
Hence, the given equation has no real roots. Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 , we get a = 3 ,
b = - 4 and c = k
x2 + 4x - 3 2 = 0 . For equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
(- 4) 2 - 4 (3) (k) = 0
We have x2 + 4x - 3 2 = 0 16 - 12k = 0
Here a = 1, b = 4 and c =- 3 2
k = 16 = 4
12 3
D = b2 - 4ac = ^4 h - 4 ^1 h^- 3 2 h
2
Now
22. Find the positive root of 3x2 + 6 = 9 .
= 16 + 12 2 > 0 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015]
Hence, the given equation has two distinct real roots,
We have 3x2 + 6 = 9
x2 - 4x - 3 2 = 0 3x2 + 6 = 81
Ans : [Board Term - 2 2015] 3x2 = 81 - 6 = 75
We have x2 - 4x - 3 2 = 0 x2 = 75 = 25
3
Here a = 1, b =- 4 and c =- 3 2
Thus x =! 5
Now D = b2 - 4ac Hence 5 is positive root.
= ^- 4h2 - 4 ^1 h^- 3 2 h
23. If x =- 12 , is a solution of the quadratic equation 3k - k2 = 0

3x2 + 2kx - 3 = 0 , find the value of k .
k 63 - k @ = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2, Delhi 2015]
k = 0 or k = 3
We have 3x2 + 2kx - 3 = 0
Since k = 0 is not possible, therefore k = 3 .
Substituting x =- 1 in given equation we get
2
26. If one root of the quadratic equation 6x2 - x - k = 0 is
3 b- 1 l + 2k b- 1 l - 3 = 0
2 2
3 , then find the value of k .
2 2
3 -k-3 = 0
4 We have 6x2 - x - k = 0
k = 3 - 3 = 3 - 12 = - 9 Substituting x = 2 , we get
4 4 4 3
Hence k = - 9 6b 2 l - 2 - k = 0
2
4 3 3
6# 4 -2-k = 0
3 x2 - 2x - 3 = 0 9 3
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012, 2011] 8-2-k = 0
3 3
We have 3 x2 - 2x - 3 =0
8-2-k = 0
3 x2 - 3x + x - 3 =0 3
3 x ^x - 3 h + 1 ^x - 3h = 0 2-k = 0
^x - 3 h^ 3 x + 1h = 0 Thus k = 2 .
Thus x = 3, -1 27. Find the value(s) of k if the quadratic equation

3
3x2 - k 3 x + 4 = 0 has real roots.
25. Find the value of k , for which one root of the quadratic Ans : [Board SQP 2017]
equation kx2 - 14x + 8 = 0 is six times the other.
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2016] If discriminant D = b2 - 4ac of quadratic equation is
equal to zero, or more than zero, then roots are real.
We have kx2 - 14x + 8 = 0 We have 3x2 - k 3 x + 4 = 0
Let one root be a and other root be 6a . Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 = 0 we get
Sum of roots, a + 6a = 14 a = 3, b = - k 3 and c = 4
k
For real roots b2 - 4ac $ 0
7a = 14 or a = 2 ...(1)
k k
^- k 3 h - 4 # 3 # 4 $ 0
2
Product of roots , a (6a) = 8 or 6a2 = 8 ...(2) 3k2 - 48 $ 0

k k
Solving (1) and (2), we obtain k2 - 16 $ 0
^k - 4h^k + 4h $ 0
6b 2 l = 8
2
k k
Thus k #- 4 and k $ 4
6 # 42 = 8
k
k
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
3 =1
k2 k
28. For what values of k , the roots of the equation
3k = k2

x2 + 4x + k = 0 are real? 31. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] 2x2 - 4x + 3 = 0 .
We have x2 + 4x + k = 0 .
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 We have 2x2 - 4x + 3 = 0
we get a = 1, b = 4, c = k . Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
Since, given the equation has real roots, we get a = 2 b =- 4 , c = 3
D H0 Now D = b2 - 4ac
b2 - 4ac H 0 = (- 4) 2 - 4 (2) # (3)
42 - 4 # 1 # k H 0 = - 8 < 0 or (- ve)
Hence, the given equation has no real roots.
4k G 16
32. Find the roots of the quadratic equation 6x2 - x - 2 = 0
k G4
.
29. Find the value of k for which the roots of the equations Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
3x2 - 10x + k = 0 are reciprocal of each other.
We have 6x2 - x - 2 = 0
6x2 + 3x - 4x - 2 = 0 (3 # 4 = 2 # 6)
We have 3x2 - 10x + k = 0
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 3x ^2x + 1h - 2 ^2x + 1h = 0
we get a = 3 , b =- 10, c = k ^2x + 1h^3x - 2h = 0
Let one root be a so other root is 1 .
a 3x - 2 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0
Now product of roots a # 1 = c
a a x = 2 or x = - 1
3 2
1 =k Hence roots of equation are 2 and - 1 .
3 3 2
k =3
33. Find the roots of the following quadratic
Hence, value of k is 3. equation :
15x2 - 10 6 x + 10 = 0
30. Find the value of k such that the polynomial
x2 - ^k + 6h x + 2 ^2k + 1h has sum of its zeros equal to Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012]
half of their product.

We have 15x2 - 10 6 x + 10 = 0
3x2 - 2 6 x + 2 = 0
Let a and b be the roots of given quadratic equation
x2 - ^k + 6h x + 2 ^2k + 1h = 0 3x2 - 6x- 6x+2 = 0
- ^k + 6h 3 x^ 3 x - 2h- 2^ 3 x - 2h = 0
Now sum of roots,. a + b =- = k+6
1
^ 3 x - 2 h^ 3 x - 2 h = 0
2 ^2k + 1h
Product of roots, ab = = 2 ^2k + 1h Thus x = 2, 2
1
3 3
According to given condition, 34. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
a + b = 1 ab 4 3 x 2 + 5x - 2 3 = 0
2
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2013, 2012]
k + 6 = 1 62 ^2k + 1h@ We have 4 3 x 2 + 5x - 2 3 = 0

2
k + 6 = 2k + 1 & k = 5 4 3 x 2 + 8x - 3x - 2 3 = 0
Hence, the value of k is 5. 4x ^ 3 x + 2h - 3 ^ 3 x + 2h = 0
^ 3 x + 2h^4x - 3 h = 0 38. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :

4x2 - 4a2 x + â 4 - b 4h = 0
Thus x =- 2 , 3
3 4 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
35. Solve for x : x - ^ 3 + 1h x +
2
3 =0
We have 4x2 - 4a2 x + â 4 - b 4h = 0
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
We have
A = 4, B =- 4a2, C = â 4 - b 4h
x - ^ 3 + 1h x +
2
3 =0
2
2 x = - B ! B - 4AC
x - 3 x - 1x + 3 =0 2A
x ^x - 3 h - 1 ^x - 3h = 0 4a2 ! ^- 4a h - 4 # 4 â - b h
2 2 4 4
=
2#4
^x - 3 h^x - 1h = 0
2 2 4 4
Thus x = 3,x = 1 = 4a ! 16a - 16a + 16b
8
36. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation : 2 4
1 = 4a ! 16b
^x + 3h^x - 1h = 3 bx - 3 l 8
2 2 2 2
or, x = 4a ! 4b = a ! b
8 2
1
We have ^x + 3h^x - 1h = 3 bx - 3 l 2 2 2 2
Thus either x = a + b or x = a - b
2 2
x2 + 3x - x - 3 = 3x - 1
39. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :
x2 - x - 2 = 0 9x2 - 6b2 x - â 4 - b 4h = 0
x2 - 2x + x - 2 = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2, Delhi 2015]
x ^x - 2h + 1 ^x - 2h = 0
We have 9x2 - 6b2 x - â 4 - b 4h = 0
^x - 2h^x + 1h = 0
Thus x = 2, - 1
A = 9, B =- 6b2, C = - â 4 - b 4h
37. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation : 2
2 x2 - x - 3 = 0 x = - B ! B - 4AC
5 5 2A
Ans : ^- 6b h - 4 # 9 # $â - b h.
[Board Term-2, 2012 ] 2 2
6b2 ! 4 4
x =
2 x2 - x - 3 = 0 2#9
We have
5 5 2
= 6b ! 36b 4 + 36a 4 - 36b 4
2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0 18
5 2 4 2 2
= 6b ! 36a = 6b ! 6a
2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0 18 18
2 2 2 2
2x2 - 6x + x - 3 = 0 Thus x = a + b , b - a
3 3
2x ^x - 3h + 1 ^x - 3h = 0
40. Solve the following equation for x :
^2x + 1h^x - 3h = 0 4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0
Thus x =- 1 , 3 Ans :
2 [Board Term-2, OD 2012]
We have 4x2 + 4bx + b2 - a2 = 0

^2x + b h2 - a = 0
2 2
x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a
^2x + b + a h^2x + b - a h = 0
- â + b h 4p ! 16p2 - 4 # 4 # ^p2 - q2h
=
Thus x = and x = a - b 2#4
2 2
41. Solve the following quadratic equation for x : 4p ! 16p2 - 16p2 + 16q2
=
8
x2 - 2ax - ^4b2 - a2h = 0
4p ! 4q
=
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015] 8
We have x2 - 2ax - ^4b2 - a2h = 0 Thus roots are

p+q p-q
, .
2 2
x2 - 2ax + a2 - 4b2 = 0
44. Solve for x (in terms of a and b ) :
^x - a h2 - ^2b h2 = 0 a + b = 2, x ! a , b
x-b x-a
^x - a + 2b h^x - a - 2b h
=0 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
Thus x = a - 2b, x = a + 2b a ^x - a h + b ^x - b h
We have =2
^x - b h^x - a h
42. Solve the quadratic equation, 2x2 + ax - a2 = 0 for x .
a ^x - a h + b ^x - b h = 2 8x2 - â + b h x + abB
ax - a2 + bx - b2 = 2x2 - 2 â + b h x + 2ab
We have 2x2 + ax - a2 = 0
2x2 - 3 â + b h x + â + b h2 = 0
2x2 - 2 â + b h x - â - b h x + â + b h2 = 0
A = 2, B = a, C = - a2
2 82x - â + b hB8x - â + b hB = 0
Now x = - B ! B - 4AC
2A Thus x = a + b, a + b
2
- a ! a2 - 4 # 2 # ^- a2h
= 45. Solve for x : 3 x2 - 2 2 x - 2 3 = 0
2# 2
2 2
= - a ! a + 8a We have
4
2
3 x2 - 3 2 x + 2x-2 3
= - a ! 9a = - a ! 3a =0
4 4
3 x 6x - 6@ + 2 6x - 6@ = 0
x = - a + 3a , - a - 3a
4 4
^x - 6 h^ 3 x + 2 h = 0
Thus x = a , - a 2
2 Thus x 6, -
3
46. If x = 23 and x =- 3 are roots of the quadratic
4x2 - 4px + ^p2 - q2h = 0
equation ax2 + 7x + b = 0 , find the values of a and b .
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
We have 4x2 - 4px + ^p2 - q2h = 0

We have ax2 + 7x + b = 0 (1)
2
Comparing with ax + bx + c = 0 we get
Substituting x = 2 in above equation we obtain
3
a = 4, b = - 4p, c = ^p2 - q2h
4 a + 14 + b = 0
The roots are given by the quadratic formula, 9 3
4a + 42 + 9b = 0 Squaring both side we have

4a + 9b =- 42 (2) 2x + 9 = ^13 - x h2
and substituting x =- 3 in (1) we obtain 2x + 9 = 169 + x2 - 26x
9a - 21 + b = 0 0 = x2 + 169 - 26x - 9 - 2x
9a + b = 21 (3) x2 - 28x + 160 = 0
Solving (2) and (3), we get a = 3 and b =- 6 x2 - 20x - 8x + 160 = 0

x (x - 20) - 8 ^x - 20h = 0
47. Solve for x : 6x + 7 - ^2x - 7h = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] ^x - 8h^x - 20h = 0
We have 6x + 7 - ^2x - 7h = 0 Thus x = 8 and x = 20 .
or, 6x + 7 = ^2x - 7h 50. Find the roots of the quadratic equation

2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0
Squaring both sides we get
6x + 7 = ^2x - 7h 2
We have 2 x2 + 7x + 5 2 = 0
6x + 7 = 4x2 - 28x + 49
2 x2 + 2x + 5x + 5 2 = 0
4x2 - 34x + 42 = 0
2 x ^x + 2 h + 5 ^x + 2h = 0
2x2 - 17x + 21 = 0
^x + 2 h^ 2 x + 5h = 0
2x2 - 14x - 3x + 21 = 0
2x ^x - 7h - 3 ^x - 7h = 0 Thus x =- 2 and =- 5 =- 5 # 2 =- 5 2
2 2 2 2
^x - 7h^2x - 3h = 0 51. Find the value of k for which the roots of the quadratic
Thus x = 7 and x = 2 . equation 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0 will have the equal roots ?
3 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt., 2017]
48. Find the roots of x2 - 4x - 8 = 0 by the method of We have 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0

completing square.
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
a = 2, b = k, and c = 8
We have x2 - 4x - 8 = 0
For equal roots, D = 0
x2 - 4x + 4 - 4 - 8 = 0
b2 - 4ac = 0
^x - 2h - 12 = 0
2
k2 - 4 # 2 # 8 = 0
^x - 2h = 12
2
k2 = 64
^x - 2h = ^2 3 h
2 2
k = ! 64
x - 2 =! 2 3
Thus k = ! 8
x = 2!2 3
52. Solve for x : 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0
Thus x = 2 + 2 3 , 2 - 2 3 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
49. Solve for x : 2x + 9 + x = 13 We have 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0

3 x2 + 3x + 7x + 7 3 = 0
We have 2x + 9 + x = 13
3x ^x + 3 h + 7 ^x + 3h = 0
2x + 9 = 13 - x

^x + 3 h^ 3 x + 7h = 0 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
Thus x =- 3 and x =- 7 a = 9, b = - 3k, c = k

3 Since roots of the equation are equal, b2 - 4ac = 0
^- 3k h2 - ^4 # 9 # k h = 0
53. Find k so that the quadratic equation
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 has equal roots.
2
9k2 - 36k = 0
k2 - 4k = 0
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 k ^k - 4h = 0 & k = 0 or k = 4
2
We have
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get Hence, k = 4.
A = ^k + 1h, B =- 2 ^k + 1h, C = 1
If roots are equal, then D = 0 , i.e. 56. If the equation kx2 - 2kx + 6 = 0 has equal roots, then
find the value of k .
B2 = 4AC Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
4 ^k + 1h2 = 4 ^k + 1h
We have kx2 - 2kx + 6 = 0
2
k + 2k + 1 = k + 1
2
k +k = 0
a = k, b = - 2k, c = 6
k ^k + 1h = 0 Since roots of the equation are equal, b2 - 4ac = 0
k = 0, - 1 ^- 2k h2 - 4 ^k h^6 h = 0
k =- 1 does not satisfy the equation, thus k = 0 4k2 - 24k = 0
54. If 2 is a root of the equation x2 + kx + 12 = 0 and 4k ^k - 6h = 0

the equation x2 + kx + q = 0 has equal roots, find the
k = 0, 6
value of q .
Ans : [Board Term 2 SQP 2016] But k ! 0 , as coefficient of x2 can’t be zero.
We have x2 + kx + 12 = 0 Thus k =6
If 2 is the root of above equation, it must satisfy it. 57. Find the positive value of k for which x2 - 8x + k = 0
, will have real roots.
^2h2 + 2k + 12 = 0 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
, 2k + 16 = 0
We have x2 - 8x + k = 0
k =- 8
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
2
Substituting k =- 8 in x + kx + q = 0 we have
A = 1, B =- 8, C = k
x2 - 8x + q = 0 Since the given equation has real roots, B2 - 4AC > 0
For equal roots,
^- 8h2 - 4 ^1 h^k h $ 0
^- 8h2 - 4 ^1 h q = 0 64 - 4k $ 0
64 - 4q = 0 16 - k $ 0
4q = 64 & q = 16 16 $ k
55. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation Thus k # 16
9x2 - 3kx + k = 0 has equal roots.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi, OD 2014] 58. Find the values of p for which the quadratic equation
4x2 + px + 3 = 0 has equal roots.
We have 9x2 - 3kx + k = 0 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
We have 4x2 + px + 3 = 0 - (- 6) ! (- 6) 2 - 4 (3) (2)

=
2 (3)
a = 4, b = p, c = 3 = 6 ! 36 - 24 = 6 ! 12
6 6
Since roots of the equation are equal,
b2 - 4ac = 0 = 6!2 3
6
p2 - 4 # 4 # 3 = 0
= 3+ 3 , 3- 3
p2 - 48 = 0 3 3
p2 = 48 61. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation

x2 + 2 2k x + 18 = 0 has equal roots.
p =! 4 3
59. Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation : We have x2 + 2 2k x + 18 = 0
13 3 x2 + 10x + 3 = 0 Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 1, b = 2 2k
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] and c = 18 .
Given that, equation x2 + 2 2 kx + 18 = 0 has equal
We have 13 3 x2 + 10x + 3 =0
roots.
2
Comparing with ax + bx + c = 0 we get b2 - 4ac = 0
a = 13 3 , b = 10, c = 3 (2 2 k) 2 - 4 # 1 # 18 = 0
b2 - 4ac = ^10h2 - 4 ^13 3 h^ 3 h 8k2 - 72 = 0
= 100 - 156 8k2 = 72
=- 56
k2 = 72 = 9
8
As D 1 0 , the equation has not real roots.
k =! 3
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 62. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
f (x) = x2 - 4x - 5 then find the value of a2 + b2
60. Solve the following equation: 1 - 1 = 3 , x ! 0 , 2
x x-2 We have p (x) = x2 - 4x - 5
Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 1, b =- 4
We have 1- 1 =3 (x ! 0, 2) and c =- 5
x x-2 Since, given a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial,
x-2-x = 3 - (- 4)
x (x - 2) Sum of zeroes, a + b =-b = =4
a 1
-2
x (x - 2)
=3 and product of zeroes, ab = c = - 5 =- 5
a 1
3x (x - 2) =- 2 Now, a2 + b2 = (a + b) 2 - 2ab
3x2 - 6x + 2 = 0 = (4) 2 - 2 (- 5)
Comparing it by ax2 + bx + c , we get a = 3 , b = - 6
= 16 + 10 = 26
and c = 2 .
2
63. Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum and product
Now, x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a of whose zeroes are - 3 and 2 respectively. Hence find

the zeroes. Thus 2x - 3 = 0 and 3x + 1 = 0

Hence x = 3 and x =- 1
2 3
Sum of zeroes a + b =- 3 ...(1)
Therefore a = 32 and b = - 13 are the zeroes of the
and product of zeroes ab = 2 given polynomial.
Thus quadratic equation is Verification :
x2 - (a + b) x + ab = 0 Sum of zeroes, a + b = 3 + b- 1 l = 3 - 1 = 7
2 3 2 3 6
x2 - (- 3) x + 2 = 0
=- coefficient of x2
x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0 coefficient of x
Thus quadratic equation is x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 . and product of zeroes
Now above equation can be written as ab = b 3 lb- 1 l = - 1
2 3 2
x 2 + 2x + x + 2 = 0
= constant term2
x (x + 2) + (x + 2) = 0 coefficient of x
(x + 2) (x + 1) = 0
66. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
Hence, zeroes are - 2 and - 1. x2 + 7x + 10 , and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients.
64. If a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial
f (x) = 5x2 - 7x + 1 then find the value of ` ab + ab j
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Let, p (x) = x2 + 7x + 10
Since, a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic
polynomial f (x) = 5x2 - 7x + 1, For zeroes of polynomial p (x) = 0 ,
x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
Sum of zeros, a + b =- b - 7 l = 7 ...(1)
5 5
x2 + 5x + 2x + 10 = 0
Product of zeros, ab = 1 ...(2) x (x + 5) + 2 (x + 5) = 0
5
2 (x + 5) (x + 2) = 0
a + b = a + b = (a + b) - 2ab
2 2
Now,
b a ab ab So, x =- 2 and x =- 5
^5h - 2 # 5 Therefore, a =- 2 and b =- 5 are the zeroes of the

7 2 1
= 1 given polynomial.
5
Verification:
-
= 49 2 # 5 = 39 Sum of zeroes, a + b = - 2 + (- 5)
5 5
65. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial =- 7 = - 7
6x2 - 3 - 7x and verify the relationship between the 1
=- coefficient of x2
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] coefficient of x
We have p (x) = 6x2 - 3 - 7x and product of zeroes,
For zeroes of polynomial, p (x) = 0 , ab = (- 2) (- 5) = 10
6x2 - 7x - 3 = 0 = 10
1
6x2 - 9x + 2x - 3 = 0
= contant term 2
3x (2x - 3) + 1 (2x - 3) = 0 coefficient of x
(2x - 3) (3x + 1) = 0
CBSE
MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK

and Every Question
SAMPLE PAPERS

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67. Solve for x : 1 - 1 = 11 x !- 4, - 7 . 69. Solve for x :

x+4 x+7 30
2x + 1 + 3x + 9 = 0, x ! 3, - 3
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] x - 3 2x + 3 ^x - 3h^2x + 3h 2
We have 1 - 1 = 11 Ans : [Board Term-2, Delhi 2016]

x+4 x+7 30
x + 7 - x - 4 = 11 We have 2x + 1 + 3x + 9 =0
30 x - 3 2x + 3 ^x - 3h^2x + 3h
(x + 4) (x + 7)
3 2x ^2x + 3h + ^x - 3h + ^3x + 9h = 0
= 11
2
x + 4x + 7x + 28 30
4x2 + 6x + x - 3 + 3x + 9 = 0
3 = 11
30 4x2 + 10x + 6 = 0
x2 + 11x + 28
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
11x2 + 121x + 308 = 90
11x2 + 121x + 218 = 0 ^x + 1h^2x + 3h = 0
Thus x =- 1, x = - 3
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 , we get a = 11, 2
b = 121 and c = 218 we obtain
70. Solve for x : 1 + 2 = 1 , x ! 0, 2 , 2 .
2 x 2x - 3 x - 2 3
x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a Ans : [Board Term-2, Foreign 2016]
= - 121 ! 14641 - 9592 We have 1+ 2 = 1

22 x 2x - 3 x-2
2x - 3 + 2x = 1
x = - 121 ! 5049 x (2x - 3) x-2
22
4x - 3 = 1
= - 121 ! 71.06 x (2x - 3) x-2
22
^x - 2h^4x - 3h = 2x - 3x
2
x = - 49.94 , - 192.06
22 22
4x2 - 11x + 6 = 2x2 - 3x
x =- 2.27 , - 8.73 .
2x2 - 8x + 6 = 0
68. Solve for x : x2 - 4x + 3 = 0
x + 1 + x - 2 = 4 - 2x + 3 ; x ! 1, - 2, 2
x-1 x+2 x-2 ^x - 1h^x - 3h = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] Thus x = 1, 3
We have x + 1 + x - 2 = 4 - 2x + 3 71. Solve the following quadratic equation for x :

x-1 x+2 x-2
x2 + b a + a + b l x + 1 = 0
x2 + 3x + 2 + x2 - 3x + 2 = 4x - 8 - 2x - 3 a+b a
x2 + x - 2 x-2
2x2 + 4 = 2x - 11
x-2
x2 + b a + a + b l x + 1 = 0
2
x +x-2 We have
a+b a
^2x + 4h^x - 2h = ^2x - 11h^x + x - 2h
2 2
x2 + a x+a+bx+1 = 0
5x2 + 19x - 30 = 0 a+b a
^5x - 6h^x + 5h = 0 x ax + a + a + b ax + a k = 0
a+bk a a+b
x =- 5, 6
5 a a+b
ax + a + b kbx + a l = 0

CBSE
MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK

and Every Question
SAMPLE PAPERS

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x ^x + 5 3 h - 2 3 ^x + 5 3 h = 0
- â + b h
Thus x = -a , ^x + 5 3 h^x - 2 3 h = 0
a+b a
72. Solve for x : Thus x =- 5 3 , 2 3
1 1 = 2 ; x ! 1, 2 , 3
+ 75. Solve for x : x2 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0
^x - 1h^x - 2h ^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
We have x3 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0
We have 1 + 1 =2
^x - 1h^x - 2h ^x - 2h^x - 3h 3 2
x = - b ! b - 4ac
2a
x-3+x-1 =2
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
-5 ! 25 + 4 â2 + a - 6h
Thus x =
2x - 4 2
=2
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
= -5 ! 25 + 4a2 + 4a - 24
2 ^x - 2h 2
=2
^x - 1h^x - 2h^x - 3h 3
= -5 ! 4a2 + 4a + 1
2 2
=2
^x - 1h^x - 3h 3
- 5 ! ^2a + 1h
3 = ^x - 1h^x - 3h =
2
x2 - 4x + 3 = 3
= 2a - 4 , - 2a - 6
2 2
x2 - 4x = 0
Thus x = a - 2, x = - â + 3h
x ^x - 4h = 0
Thus x = 0 or x = 4 76. Solve for x : x2 - ^2b - 1h x + ^b2 - b - 20h = 0
73. Solve for x : 3 x2 - 2 2 x - 2 3 = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2, OD 2015, Foreign 2014]
We have x2 - ^2b - 1h x + ^b2 - b - 20h = 0
We have 3 x2 - 2 2 x - 2 3 = 0
A = 1, B =- (2b - 1), C = ^b2 - b - 20h
3 x2 - 63 2 - 2 @x - 2 3 = 0
2
3 x2 - 3 2 x + 2x-2 3 = 0 x = - B ! B - 4AC
2A
3 x2 - 3 3 2x+ 2x- 2 2 3 =0
^2b - 1h ! ^2b - 1h2 - 4 ^b - b - 20h
2
x =
3 x (x - 3 2) + 2 (x - 2 3) = 0 2
3 x 6x - 6@ + 2 6x - 6@ = 0 ^2b - 1h ! 4b - 4b + 1 - 4b + 4b + 80
2 2
=
2
^x - 6 h^ 3 x + 2 h = 0
2 ^2b - 1h ! 81 ^2b - 1h ! 9
Thus x = 6 =- = =
3 2 2
74. Solve for x : 2x2 + 6 3 x - 60 = 0
= 2b + 8 , 2b - 10
Ans : [Board Term-2, OD 2015] 2 2
We have 2x2 + 6 3 x - 60 = 0 = b + 4, b - 5
x2 + 3 3 x - 30 = 0 Thus x = b + 4 and x = b - 5
2
x + 5 3 x - 2 3 x - 30 = 0
77. Solve for x : 16 - 1 = 15 ; x ! 0, - 1 ^x + 2h^x - 1h = 0

x x+1
Thus x = 1, - 2
Ans : [Board Term-2, OD 2014]
16 - 1 = 15 80. Find the roots of the equation 2x2 + x - 4 = 0 , by the

We have method of completing the squares.
x x+1
16 - 15 = 1
x x+1 We have 2x2 + x - 4 = 0
16 ^x + 1h - 15x = x (x + 1)
x2 + x - 2 = 0
2
16x + 16 - 15x = x2 + x
x + 16 = x2 + x x2 + 2x b 1 l - 2 = 0
4
Adding and subtracting b 1 l , we get
2
x2 - 16 = 0
4
x2 = 16
x2 + 2x b 1 l + b 1 l - b 1 l - 2 = 0
2 2
x =! 4 4 4 4
1 2 1
Thus x =- 4 and x =+ 4 bx + 4 l - b 16 + 2 l = 0
78. Solve the quadratic equation ^x - 1h2 - 5 ^x - 1h - 6 = 0 1 2 1 + 32
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015] bx + 4 l - b 16 l = 0
We have ^x - 1h2 - 5 ^x - 1h - 6 = 0 1 2 33
bx + 4 l - 16 = 0
x2 - 2x + 1 - 5x + 5 - 6 = 0
1 2 33
x2 - 7x + 6 - 6 = 0 bx + 4 l = 16
x2 - 7x = 0 1 33
bx + 4 l = ! 4
x ^x - 7h = 0
Thus x = 0, 7 Thus roots are x = - 1 + 33 , - 1 - 33
4 4
79. Solve the equation for x : 4 - 3 = 5 ; x ! 0, - 3 81. Solve for x : 9x2 - 6ax + â2 - b2h = 0
x 2x + 3 2 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
We have 9x2 - 6ax + a2 - b2 = 0
We have 4 -3 = 5
x 2x + 3 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we have
4- 5 A = 9, B = - 6a, C = â2 - b2h

=3
x 2x + 3
2
x = - B ! B - 4AC
4 ^2x + 3h - 5x 2A
=3
x ^2x + 3h
6a ! ^- 6a h2 - 4 # 9k â2 - b2h
x =
8x + 12 - 5x = 3x ^2x + 3h 2#9
3x + 12 = 6x2 + 9x 36a2 - 36a2 + 36b2
= 6a !
18
6x2 + 6x - 12 = 0
2
x2 + x - 2 = 0 = 6a ! 36b = 6a ! 6b
18 18
x2 + 2x - x - 2 = 0
=a!b
x ^x + 2h - ^x + 2h = 0 3

â + b h â - b h Thus x =y Hence Proved.

x = , a b
3 3
Thus x = a + b , x = a - b
3 3 p 2 x 2 + ^ p 2 - q 2h x - q 2 = 0
82. Solve the equation 1 - 1 = 11 , x ! - 4, 7 for Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
x+4 x-7 30
x.
We have p 2 x 2 + ^ p 2 - q 2h x - q 2 = 0
We have, 1 - 1 = 11
x+4 x-7 30 a = p2, b = p2 - q2, c =- q2
x - 7 - x - 4 = 11 The roots are given by the quadratic formula
^x + 4h^x - 7h 30
2
- 11 x = - b ! b - 4ac
= 11 2a
^x + 4h^x - 7h 30
- ^ p 2 - q 2h - ^p - q h - 4 ^p h^- q h
2 2 2 2 2
-1 = 1 =
^x + 4h^x - 7h 30 2p2
^x + 4h^x - 7h =- 30 - ^ p 2 - q 2h - p 4 + q 4 - 2p 2 q 2 + 4p 2 q 2
=
2p2
x2 - 3x - 28 =- 30
- ^ p 2 - q 2h - p 4 + q 4 + 2p 2 q 2
x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 =
2p2
x2 - 2x - x + 2 = 0
- ^p2 - q2h - (p2 + q2) 2
^x - 1h^x - 2h = 0 =
2p2
Thus x = 1, 2 . - ^p2 - q2h ! (p2 + q2)
=
83. Find the roots of the quadratic equation : 2p2
a2 b2 x2 + b2 x - a2 x - 1 = 0 - ^p2 - q2h + (p2 + q2) 2q2 q2

Thus x = = 2= 2
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] 2p 2 2p p
- ^p2 - q2h - (p2 + q2) - 2p2
We have a2 b2 x2 + b2 x - a2 x - 1 = 0 and x = = =- 1
2p 2 2p 2
b2 x â2 x + 1h - 1 â2 x + 1h = 0
q2
Hence, roots are and - 1.
^b x - 1hâ x + 1h = 0
2 2
p2
x = 12 or x =- 12
b a
9x2 - 9 â + b h x + 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 0
Hence, roots are 12 and - 12 . Ans : [Board Term-2, Foreign 2016]
b a
We have 9x - 9 â + b h x + 2a + 5ab + 2b2 = 0
2 2
y
84. If ^x + y hâ + b h = âx + by h , prove that x =
2 2 2 2 2
a b Now 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 2a2 + 4ab + ab + 2b2
Ans :
= 2a 6a + 2b@ + b 6a + 2b@
[Board Term-2, 2014]
^x + y hâ + b h = âx + by h = â + 2b h^2a + b h

2 2 2 2
We have 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x a + x b + y a + y b = a x + b y + 2abxy Hence the equation becomes
9x2 - 9 â + b h x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
2 2 2 2
x b + y a - 2abxy = 0
^xb - ya h2 = 0 9x2 - 3 63a + 3b@x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0

xb = ya 9x2 - 3 8â + 2b h + ^2a + b hB x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0
9x2 - 3 â + 2b h x - 3 ^2a + b h x + â + 2b h^2a + b h = 0 a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2 = a2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2
3x 83x - â + 2b hB - ^2a + b h83x - â + 2b hB = 0 2abcd = a2 d2 + b2 c2
83x - â + 2b hB83x - ^2a + b hB = 0 0 = a2 d2 - 2abcd + b2 c2
3x - ^2a + b h = 0 0 = âd - bc h2
x = a + 2b 0 = ad - bc
3
Thus ad = bc
3x - ^2a + b h = 0
a =c Hence Proved
b d
x = 2a + b
3
89. If 2 is a root of the quadratic equation 3x2 + px - 8 = 0
Hence, roots are a + 2b and 2a + b . and the quadratic equation 4x2 - 2px + k = 0 has
3 3
equal roots, find k .
87. Solve for x : x2 + 6x - â2 + 2a - 8h Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2, Foreign 2015]
We have 3x2 + px - 8 = 0
We have x + 6x - â + 2a - 8h = 0
2 2
Since 2 is a root of above equation, it must satisfy it.
2
Comparing with Ax + Bx + C = 0 we get Substituting x = 2 in 3x2 + px - 8 = 0 we have
A = 1, B = 6, C = â2 + 2a - 8h 12 + 2p - 8 = 0
The roots are given by the quadratic formula p =- 2

2 Since 4x2 - 2px + k = 0 has equal roots,
x = - B ! B - 4AC
2A
or 4x2 + 4x + k = 0 has equal roots,
-6 ! 36 + 4 â + 2a - 8h
2
D = b2 - 4ac = 0
=
2
42 - 4 ^4 h^k h = 0
- 6 ! ^2a + 2h
= 16 - 16k = 0
2
- 6 + ^2a + 2h 16k = 16
Thus x = = a-2
2 Thus k =1
- 6 - ^2a + 2h
and x = =- a - 4 90. For what value of k , the roots of the quadratic
2
equation kx ^x - 2 5 h + 10 = 0 are equal ?
Thus x = a - 2, - a - 4 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2013]
88. If the roots of the equation We have kx ^x - 2 5 h + 10 = 0

â + b h x - 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d h = 0
2 2 2 2 2
are equal,
or, kx2 - 2 5 kx + 10 = 0
prove that a = c .
b d
Ans : [Board Term-2 2016] Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
We have â2 + b2h x2 - 2 âc + bd h x + ^c2 + d2h = 0 a = k, b = - 2 5 k and c = 10
2
Comparing with Ax + Bx + C = 0 we get Since, roots are equal, D = b2 - 4ac = 0
A = â + b h, B = - 2 âc + bd h, C = ^c + d h
2 2 2 2
^- 2 5 k h - 4 # k # 10 = 0
2
If roots are equal, D = B2 - 4AC = 0
or B2 = 4AC 20k2 - 40k = 0
Now 8- 2 âc + bd hB2 = 4 â2 + b2h^c2 + d2h 20k ^k - 2h = 0
4 â2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2h = 4 â2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2h k ^k - 2h = 0

Since k ! 0 , we get k = 2 a = k + 1, b = - 2 ^k - 1h, c = 1
91. Find the nature of the roots of the following For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
quadratic equation. If the real roots exist, find them : 4 ^k - 1h2 - 4 ^k + 1h # 1 = 0
3x2 - 4 3 x + 4 = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] 4k2 - 8k + 4 - 4k - 4 = 0
4k2 - 12k = 0
We have 3x2 - 4 3 x + 4 = 0
4k ^k - 3h = 0
As k can’t be zero, thus k = 3 .
a = 3, b =- 4 3 , c = 4
b2 - 4ac = ^- 4 3 h - 4 ^3 h^4 h 94. Find the value of k for which the quadratic equation
2
^k - 2h x + 2 ^2k - 3h x + ^5k - 6h = 0 has equal roots.

2
= 48 - 48 = 0 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015]
Thus roots are real and equal.

^k - 2h x + 2 ^2k - 3h x + ^5k - 6h = 0
2
We have
Roots are b- b l, b- b l or 2 3 , 2 3 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
2a 2a 3 3
92. Determine the positive value of k for which the a = k - 2, b = 2 ^2k - 3h, c = (5k - 6)
equation x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 - 8x + k = 0 will For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
both have real and equal roots.
$2 ^2k - 3h. - 4 ^k - 2h^5k - 6h = 0
2
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012, 2014]
We have x2 + kx + 64 = 0 4 ^4k2 - 12k + 9h - 4 ^k - 2h^5k - 6h = 0
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get 4k2 - 12k + 9 - 5k2 + 6k + 10k - 12 = 0
a = 1, b = k, c = 64 k2 - 4k + 3 = 0
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0 k2 - 3k - k + 3 = 0
Thus k2 - 4 # 1 # 64 = 0 k ^k - 3h - 1 ^k - 3h = 0
k2 - 256 = 0 & k = ! 16 (1) ^k - 3h^k - 1h = 0
Now for equation x2 - 8x + k = 0 we have Thus k = 1, 3
b2 - 4ac = 0 95. If the roots of the quadratic equation

â - b h x + ^b - c h x + ^c - a h = 0 are equal, prove that
2
^- 8h2 - 4 # 1 # k = 0 2a = b + c .
64 = 4k Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
k = 64 = 16 (2) We have â - b h x2 + ^b - c h x + ^c - a h = 0
4
From (1) and (2), we get k = 16 . Thus for k = 16 ,
given equations have equal roots. a = â - b,h, b = ^b - c h, c = c - a
93. Find that non-zero value of k , for which the quadratic For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
equation kx2 + 1 - 2 ^k - 1h x + x2 = 0 has equal roots.
Hence find the roots of the equation. ^b - c h2 - 4 â - b h^c - a h = 0
Ans : [ Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] b2 + c2 - 2bc - 4 âc - a2 - bc + ab h = 0
We have kx2 + 1 - 2 ^k - 1h x + x2 = 0 b2 + c2 - 2bc - 4ac + 4a2 + 4bc - 4ab = 0
^k + 1h x - 2 ^k - 1h x + 1 = 0 4a2 + b2 + c2 + 2bc - 4ab - 4ac = 0

2
Using a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = â + b + c h2 ,

^- 2a + b + c h2 = 0 We have â + b h x + 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d h = 0
2 2 2 2 2
- 2a + b + c = 0 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get

Hence, b + c = 2a A = â2 + b2h, B = 2 âc + bd h and C = ^c2 + d2h
96. If the quadratic equation, For no real roots, D = B2 - 4AC 1 0

^1 + a h b x + 2abcx + ^c - m h = 0 in x has equal
2 2 2 2 2
D = B2 - 4AC
roots, prove that c = m ^1 + a2h
2 2
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014] = 82 âc + bd hB2 - 4 â2 + b2h^c2 + d2h
We have ^1 + a h b x + 2abcx + ^c - m h = 0
2 2 2 2 2 = 4 6a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2@ - 4 6a2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2@
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get = 4 6a2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2 - a2 c2 - a2 d2 - b2 c2 - b2 d2@
A = ^1 + a2h b2, B = 2abc, C = ^c2 - m2h =- 4 6a2 d2 + b2 c2 - 2abcd @

=- 4 âd - bc h2
If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0
Since ad ! bc , therefore D ! 0 and always negative.
^2abc h2 - 4 ^1 + a h b ^c - m h = 0
2 2 2 2
Hence the equation has no real roots.
4a2 b2 c2 - ^4b2 + 4a2 b2h^c2 - m2h = 0
99. Find the value of c for which the quadratic equation
4a2 b2 c2 - 64b2 c2 - 4b2 m2 + 4a2 b2 c2 - 4a2 b2 m2@ = 0 4x2 - 2 ^c + 1h x + ^c + 1h = 0 has equal roots.
4a2 b2 c2 - 4b2 c2 + 4b2 m2 - 4a2 b2 c2 + 4a2 b2 m2 = 0
4b2 6a2 m2 + m2 - c2@ = 0 We have 4x2 - 2 ^c + 1h x + ^x + 1h = 0
c2 = a2 m2 + m2 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
c2 = m2 ^1 + a2h A = 4, B = 2 ^c + 1h, C = ^c + 1h
2
97. If - 3 is a root of quadratic equation 2x + px - 15 = 0
, while the quadratic equation x2 - 4px + k = 0 has 62 ^c + 1h@2 - 4 # 4 ^c + 1h = 0
equal roots. Find the value of k . 4 ^c2 + 2c + 1h - 4 ^4c + 4h = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
4 ^c2 + 2c + 1 - 4c - 4h = 0
Given - 3 is a root of quadratic equation.
c2 - 2c - 3 = 0
We have 2x2 + px - 15 = 0
Since 3 is a root of above equation, it must satisfy it. c2 - 3c + c - 3 = 0
Substituting x = 3 in above equation we have c ^c - 3h + 1 ^c - 3h = 0
2 ^- 3h + p ^- 3h - 15 = 0
^c - 3h^c + 1h = 0
2
2 # 9 - 3p - 15 = 0 & p = 1 c = 3, - 1
2
Since x - 4px + k = 0 has equal roots, Hence for equal roots c = 3, - 1.
2
or x - 4x + k = 0 has equal roots,
100.Show that if the roots of the following equation are
b2 - 4ac = 0 equal then ad = bc or a = c .
b d
(- 4) 2 - 4k = 0 x2 â2 + b2h + 2 âc + bd h x + c2 + d2 = 0
16 - 4k = 0 & 4k = 16 & k = 4 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
98. If ad ! bc , then prove that the equation We have x2 â2 + b2h + 2 âc + bd h x + c2 + d2 = 0
â + b h x + 2 âc + bd h x + ^c + d h = 0 has no real
2 2 2 2 2
roots.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] A = a2 + b2, B = 2 âc + bd h, C = c2 + d2

82 âc + bd hB - 4 â + b h^c + d h = 0
2 2 2 2 2
2x = 3x - 15 & x = 15
4 â2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2h - 4 â2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 c2 + b2 d2h = 0
Taking y =- 8 we have
4 â2 c2 + 2abcd + b2 d2 - a2 c2 - a2 d2 - b2 c2 - b2 d2h = 0 2x =- 8
- 4 â2 d2 + b2 c2 - 2abcd h = 0 x-5
âd - bc h2 = 0 2x =- 8x + 40
Thus ad = bc 10x = 40 & x = 4
a =c Hence, x = 15, 4
Hence Proved.
b d
1 103.Solve for x : 1 + 2 = 4 x !- 1, - 2, - 4
101.Solve = 1 + 1 + 1 , a + b ! 0. x+1 x+2 x+4
â + b + x h a b x Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
We have 1 + 2 = 4
1 x+1 x+2 x+4
We have = 1+1+1
a+b+x a b x
x + 2 + 2 ^x + 1h
= 4
1 -1 = 1+1 ^x + 1h^x + 2h x+4
a+b+x x a b
3x + 4 = 4
x - â + b + x h x2 + 3x + 2 x+4
=a+b
x â + b + x h ab
^3x + 4h^x + 4h = 4 ^x + 3x + 2h
2
x-a-b-x =a+b
x â + b + x h ab 3x2 + 16x + 16 = 4x2 + 12x + 8
- â + b h x2 - 4x - 8 = 0
=a+b
x â + b + x h ab 2
Now x = - b b + 4ac
2a
x â + b + x h =- ab
x2 + â + b h x + ab = 0 - ^- 4h ! ^- 4h2 - 4 ^1 h^- 8h
=
2#1
^x + a h^x + b h = 0
x =- a or x =- b = 4 ! 16 + 32
2
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS = 4 ! 48 = 4 ! 4 3

2 2
= 2!2 3
102.Solve for x : b 2x l + b 2x l - 24 = 0, x ! 5
2
x-5 x-5 Hence, x = 2 + 2 3 and 2 - 2 3

104.Find x in terms of a, b and c :
2x 2
2x a + b = 2c , x ! a, b, c
We have b x - 5 l + 5 b x - 5 l - 24 = 0 x-a x-b x-c
Let 2x = y then we have Ans : [Board Term-2, Delhi 2016]
x-5
We have a + b = 2c
y2 + 5y - 24 = 0 x-a x-b x-c
^y + 8h^y - 3h = 0 a ^x - b h^x - c h + b ^x - a h^x - c h = 2c ^x - a h^x - b h
y = 3, - 8
ax2 - abx - acx + abc + bx2 - bax - bcx + abc
Taking y = 3 we have
= 2cx2 - 2cxb - 2cxa + 2abc
2x = 3
x-5
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ax2 + bx2 - 2cx2 - abx - acx - bax - bcx + 2cbx + 2acx x - 1 = 1 or x - 1 = 2x + 1

2x + 1
=0
or x =- 2
x2 â + b - 2c h - 2abx + acx + bcx = 0
1 + 2 = 6 ; x ! 0 , 1, 2
x2 â + b - 2c h + x ^- 2ab + ac + bc h = 0 107.Find for x :
x-2 x-1 x
Thus x =- b ac + bc - 2ab l Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]

a + b - 2c
3 + 4 = 29 ; x ! - 1, 1, 1 We have 1 + 2 =6
105.Solve for x : x-2 x-1 x
x+1 x-1 4x - 1 4
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] x - 1 + 2x - 4 = 6
^x - 2h^x - 1h x
We have 3 + 4 = 29
x+1 x-1 4x - 1 3x2 - 5x = 6x2 - 18x + 12
3x - 3 + 4x + 4 = 29 3x2 - 13x + 12 = 0
x2 - 1 4x - 1
3x2 - 4x - 9x + 12 = 0
7x + 1 = 29
x2 - 1 4x - 1 x ^3x - 4h - 3 ^3x - 4h = 0
^7x + 1h^4x - 1h = 29x - 29

2 ^3x - 4h^x - 3h = 0
28x2 - 7x + 4x - 1 = 29x2 - 29 x = 4 and 3

3
- 3x = x2 - 28 Hence, x = 3, 4
3
x2 + 3x - 28 = 0
108.Solve, for x : 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0
2
x + 7x - 4x - 28 = 0 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
x ^x + 7h - 4 ^x + 7h = 0 We have 3 x2 + 10x + 7 3 = 0
^x + 7h^x - 4h = 0 3 x2 + 3x + 7x + 7 3 = 0
Hence, x = 4, - 7
^x + 3 h^ 3 x + 7h = 0
106.Solve for x : x - 1 + 2x + 1 = 2 where x ]- 1 , 1
2x + 1 x-1 2
^x + 3 h^ 3 x + 7h = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2, OD 2015] x =- 3 and x = - 7

3
x - 1 + 2x + 1 = 2 Hence roots x =- 3 and x = - 7
We have
2x + 1 x-1 3
Let x - 1 be y so 2x + 1 = 1 109.Solve for x : x + 3 - 1 - x = 17 ; x ! 0, 2

2x + 1 x-1 y x-2 x 4
Substituting this value we obtain Ans : [Board Term -2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
y+ 1 = 2 x + 3 - 1 - x = 17
y We have
x-2 x 4
y2 + 1 = 2y x ^x + 3h - ^1 - x h^x - 2h
= 17
2
y - 2y + 1 = 0 x ^x - 2h 4
^y - 1h2 = 0 ^x + 3x h - ^- x + 3x - 2h
2 2
= 17
2
x - 2x 4
y =1
2x2 + 2 = 17
Substituting y = x - 1 we have x2 - 2x 4
2x + 1
8x2 + 8 = 17x2 - 34x

9x2 - 34x - 8 = 0 we get a = 21, b =- 11 and c =- 2
9x2 - 36x + 2x - 8 = 0 Now, sum of roots, a + b = 2 + b- 1 l

3 7
9x ^x - 4h + 2 ^x - 4h = 0
= 2 - 1 = 11
^x - 4h^9x + 2h = 0 3 7 21
x = 4 or x =- 2 Thus a + b =-b Hence verified

9 a
Hence, x = 4, - 2
9 and product of roots, ab = 2 # b- 1 l = - 2
3 7 21
110.Solve for x : 4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] Thus ab = c Hence verified
a
We have 4x2 + 4bx - â2 - b2h = 0 112.Write all the values of p for which the quadratic
equation x2 + px + 16 = 0 has equal roots. Find the
Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get roots of the equation so obtained.
A = 4, B = 4b and C = b2 - a2 Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
2
x = - B ! B - 4AC We have x2 + px + 16 = 0 ...(1)
2A
If this equation has equal roots, then discriminant
- 4b ! ^4b h - 4.4 ^b - a h
2 2 2 b2 - 4ac must be zero.
=
2.4 i.e., b2 - 4ac = 0 ...(2)
2
2 2 2 Comparing the given equation with ax + bx + c = 0
= - 4b ! 16b - 16b + 16a we get a = 1, b = p and c = 16
8
Substituting above in equation (2) we have
= - 4b ! 4a
8 p2 - 4 # 1 # 16 = 0
â + b h â - b h p2 = 64 & p = ! 8
=- ,
2 2
When p = 8 , from equation (1) we have
â + b h â - b h
Hence the roots are - and x2 + 8x + 16 = 0
2 2
111.Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 2 # 4x + 42 = 0
7y2 - 113 y - 23 and verify the relationship between the (x + 4) 2 = 0 & x =- 4, - 4
Hence, roots are - 4 and - 4 .
When p =- 8 from equation (1) we have
We have 7y2 - 11 y - 2 = 0
3 3 x2 - 8x + 16 = 0
21y2 - 11y - 2 = 0 ...(1) x2 - 2 # 4x + 42 = 0
21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2 = 0 (x - 4) 2 = 0 & x = 4 , 4
7y (3y - 2) + (3y - 2) = 0 Hence, the required roots are either - 4 , - 4 or 4, 4
(3y - 2) (7y + 1) = 0 113.Solve for x : x2 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0

y = 2 , -1
3 7 We have x2 + 5x - â2 + a - 6h = 0
Hence, zeros of given polynomial are,
x2 + 5x - 6a2 + 3a - 2a - 6@ = 0
y = 2 and y = - 1
3 7 x2 + 5x - 6a â + 3h - 2 â + 3h@ = 0
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + 5x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0
x2 + 6a + 3 - â - 2h@x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0 117.Find the values of k for which the equation

^3k + 1h2 + 2 ^k + 1h x + 1 has equal roots. Also find the
x2 + â + 3h x - â - 2h x - â + 3hâ - 2h = 0 roots.
x 6x + â + 3h@ - â - 2h6x + â + 3h@ = 0 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
6x + â + 3h@6x - â - 2h@ = 0 We have ^3k + 1h2 + 2 ^k + 1h x + 1

Thus x =- â + 3h and x = â - 2h Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
Hence, roots of given equations are x =- â + 3h and A = (3k + 1), B = 2 (k + 1), C = 1
x = a - 2.
114.Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation
82 ^k + 1hB - 4 ^3k + 1h^1 h = 0
2
4x2 + 4 3x + 3 = 0 .
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] 4 ^k2 + 2k + 1h - ^12k + 4h = 0
We have 4x2 + 4 3x + 3 = 0 4k2 + 8k + 4 - 12k - 4 = 0
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0 4k2 - 4k = 0

we get a = 4 , b = 4 3 and c = 3 .
4k ^k - 1h = 0
Now, D = b2 - 4ac
k = 0, 1.
= (4 3 ) 2 - 4 # 4 # 3
Substituting k = 0 , in the given equation,
= 48 - 48 = 0
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
Since, b2 - 4ac = 0 , then roots of the given equation
are real and equal. ^x + 1h2 = 0
115.If x = 3 is one root of the quadratic equation x =- 1
x2 - 2kx - 6 = 0 , then find the value of k .
Again substituting k = 1, in the given equation,
Ans : [Board 2018]
4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
If x = 3 is one root of the equation x2 - 2kx - 6 = 0 ,
it must satisfy it. ^2x + 1h2 = 0
Thus substituting x = 3 in given equation we have
or, x =- 1
9 - 6k - 6 = 0 2
Hence, roots = - 1, - 1
k =1 2
2
118.Find the values of k for which the quadratic equations
116.Find the positive values of k for which quadratic
^k + 4h x + ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0 has equal roots. Also, find
2
equations x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 - 8x + k = 0 both the roots.

will have the real roots.
^k + 4h x + ^k + 1h x + 1 = 0
2
(1) For x2 + kx + 64 = 0 to have real roots We have
k2 - 256 $ 0 Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get
k2 $ 256 A = (k + 4), B = (k + 1), C = 1

k $ 16 or k < - 16
^k + 1h2 - 4 ^k + 4h^1 h = 0
(2) For x2 - 8x + k = 0 to have real roots
k2 + 1 + 2k - 4k - 16 = 0
64 - 4k $ 0
k2 - 2k - 15 = 0
16 - k $ 0
^k - 5h^k + 3h = 0
16 $ k
k = 5, - 3
For (1) and (2) to hold simultaneously, k = 16

For k = 5 , equation becomes 4 ^1 + 3k h2 - 28 ^3 + 2k h = 0

9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0 9k2 - 8k - 20 = 0
^3x + 1h2 = 0 ^9k + 10h^k - 2h = 0
or x =- 1 k - 10 , 2
3 9
For k =- 3 , equation becomes
Hence, the value of k are - 10 and 2.
2
x - 2x + 1 = 0 9
121.Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation
^x - 1h2 = 0
^p + 1h x - 6 ^p + 1h x + 3 ^p + 9h = 0 , p !- 1 has
2
x =1 equal roots. Hence find the roots of the equation.

Hence roots are 1 and - 1 .
3
^p + 1h x - 6 ^p + 1h x + 3 ^p + 9h = 0
2
We have
2
119.If x =- 2 is a root of the equation 3x + 7x + p = 0 ,
find the value of k so that the roots of the equation Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 we get
x2 + k ^4x + k - 1h + p = 0 are equal. a = p + 1, b =- 6 ^p + 1h, c = 3 ^p + 9h
For real and equal roots, b2 - 4ac = 0
2
We have 3x + 7x + p = 0
36 ^p + 1h2 - 4 ^p + 1h # 3 ^p + 9h = 0
Since x =- 2 is the root of above equation, it must
satisfy it. 3 ^p2 + 2p + 1h - ^p + 1h^p + 9h = 0
Thus 3 ^- 2h + 7 ^- 2h + p = 0 3p2 + 6p + 3 - ^p2 + 9p + p + 9h = 0
p =2 2p2 - 4p - 6 = 0
Since roots of the equation x2 + 4kx + k2 - k + 2 = 0
p2 - 2p - 3 = 0
are equal,
p2 - 3p + p - 3 = 0
16k2 - 4 ^k2 - k + 2h = 0
p ^p - 3h + 1 ^p - 3h = 0
16k2 - 4k2 + 4k - 8 = 0
12k2 + 4k - 8 = 0 ^p - 3h^p + 1h = 0
p =- 1, 3
3k2 + k - 2 = 0
Neglecting p !- 1 we get p = 3
^3k - 2h^k + 1h = 0
Now the equation becomes
k = 2, - 1
3
4x2 - 24x + 36 = 0
Hence, roots = 2 , - 1
3 or x2 - 6x + 9 = 0
120.If x =- 4 is a root of the equation x2 + 2x + 4p = 0 or, ^x - 3h^x - 3h = 0
, find the values of k for which the equation
x2 + px ^1 + 3k h + 7 ^3 + 2k h = 0 has equal roots. x = 3, 3
Thus roots are 3 and 3.
2
We have x + 2x + 4p = 0
122.If the equation ^1 + m2h x2 + 2mcx + ^c2 - a2h = 0 has
Since x =- 4 is the root of above equation. It must equal roots, prove that c2 = a2 ^1 + m2h
satisfy it. Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
^- 4h2 + ^2 # - 4h + 4p = 0
^1 + m h x + 2mcx + ^c - a h = 0
2 2 2 2
We have
p =- 2
Since equation x2 - 2 ^1 + 3k h x + 7 ^3 + 2k h = 0 has
equal roots.
A = 1 + m2, B = 2mc, C = ^c2 - a2h For equal roots B2 - 4AC = 0

$- 2 â + b + c h. - 4 # 3 âb + bc + ca h = 0
2
^2mc h2 - 4 (1 + m ) ^c - a h = 0
2 2 2
4 â + b + c h2 - 12 âb + bc + ca h = 0
4m2 c2 - 4 ^1 + m2h^c2 - a2h = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 - 3 âb + bc + ca h = 0
m2 c2 - ^c2 - a2 + m2 c2 - m2 a2h = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac - 3ab - 3bc - 3ac = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
m c -c +a -m c +m a = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - ac - bc = 0
2 2 2 2
-c + a + m a = 0
62a + 2b + 2c - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc@ = 0
1 2 2 2
2
, c = a ^1 + m h
2 2 2
28 â + b - 2ab h + ^b + c - 2bc h + ^c + a - 2ac hB = 0

1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 8â - b h + ^b - c h + ^c - a h B = 0
Hence Proved. 1 2 2 2
123.If ^- 5h is a root of the quadratic equation or, â - b h2 + ^b - c h2 + ^c - a h2 = 0

2x2 + px + 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation
If a ! b ! c
p ^x2 + x h + k = 0 has equal roots, then find the values
of p and k . â - b h2 2 0, ^b - c h2 2 0, ^c - a h2 2 0
If â - b h2 = 0 & a = b
2
We have 2x + px - 15 = 0
â - c h2 = 0 & b = c
Since x =- 5 is the root of above equation. It must
satisfy it. ^c - a h2 = 0 & c = a
2 ^- 5h2 + p ^- 5h - 15 = 0 Thus a = b = c Hence Proved
50 - 5p - 15 = 0 125.If the roots of the quadratic equation

^c - ab h x - 2 â - bc h x + b - ac = 0 in x are equal
2 2 2 2
5p = 35 & p = 7
then show that either a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
Now p ^x2 + x h + k = 0 has equal roots Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
or 7x2 + 7x + k = 0 We have ^c - ab h x - 2 â - bc h x + b - ac = 0
2 2 2 2
Taking b2 - 4ac = 0 we have Comparing with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 we get

72 - 4 # 7 # k = 0 A = (c2 - ab), B = (a2 - bc), C = (b2 - ac)
7 - 4k = 0 If roots are equal, B2 - 4AC = 0
82 â - bc hB - 4 ^c - ab h^b - ac h = 0
2 2 2 2
k =7
4
4 6a 4 + b2 c2 - 2a2 bc@ - 4 ^b2 c2 - c3 a - ab3 - a2 bc h =0
Hence p = 7 and k = 7 .
4
4 6a 4 + b2 c2 - 2a2 bc - b2 c2 + c3 a + ab3 - a2 bc@ = 0
124.If the roots of the quadratic equation
4 6a 4 + ac3 + ab3 - 3a2 bc@ = 0
^x - a h^x - b h + ^x - b h^x - c h + ^x - c h^x - a h = 0 are
equal. Then show that a = b = c. a â3 + c3 + b3 - 3abc h = 0
a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
We have
1 = 1+1+1
^x - a h^x - b h + ^x - b h^x - c h + ^x - c h^x - a h = 0 126.Solve for x :
a+b+x a b x
x2 - ax - bx + ab + where a + b + x ! 0 and a, b, x ! 0
+ x2 - bx - cx + bc + Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
+ x2 - cx - ax + ac = 0 We have 1 -1 = 1+1
a+b+x x a b
3x2 - 2ac - 2bx - 2cx + ab + bc + ca = 0

- â + b h =0
=b+a
x + â + b h x
2 ab
Similarly
x + â + b h x + ab = 0
2
2
5 ;3 - 19 E - 6 ; 3 - 19 E - 2 = 0
^x + a h^x + b h = 0 5 5
x =- a, x =- b Hence verified.
Hence x =- a, - b
127.Check whether the equation 5x2 - 6x - 2 = 0 has real
roots if it has, find them by the method of completing
the square. Also verify that roots obtained satisfy the 128.Riya has a lawn with a flowerbed and grass land. The
given equation. grass land is in the shape of rectangle while flowerbed
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] is in the shape of square. The length of the grassland
is found to be 3 m more than twice the length of the
We have 5x2 - 6x - 2 = 0 flowerbed. Total area of the whole lawn is 1260 m2.

a = 5, b = ^- 6h and c = ^- 2h
b2 - 4ac = ^- 6h2 - 4 # 5 # - 2
= 36 + 40 = 76 2 0
So the equation has real and two distinct roots. (i) If the length of the flowerbed is x m then what is
the total length of the lawn ?
5x2 - 6x = 2
(a) (2x + 3) m
Dividing both the sides by 5 we get
(b) (3x + 3) m
x2 - 6 x = 2 (c) 6x m
5 5 5
(d) (2x + 5) m
x2 - 2x b 3 l = 2 (ii) What will be the perimeter of the whole field?
5 5
Adding square of the half of coefficient of x (a) (8x + 6) m (b) (6x + 8) m
(c) (4x + 3) m (d) (4x + 3) m
x2 - 2x b 3 l + 9 = 2 + 9
5 25 5 25
(iii) What is the value of x if the area of total lawn is
3 2 19 1260 m2 ?
bx - 5 l = 25 (a) 21 m (b) 10 m
(c) 20 m (d) 15 m
x - 3 = ! 19
5 5 (iv) What is the area of grassland ?
(a) 180 m2 (b) 360 m2
x = 3 + 19 or 3 - 19
5 5 (c) 400 m2 (d) 860 m2
Verification :
(v) What is the ratio of area of flowerbed to area of
2 grassland ?
5 ;3 + 19 E - 6 ; 3 + 19 E - 2 20 23
5 5 (a) 43 (b) 40
= 9 + 6 19 + 19 - c 18 + 6 19 m - 2 26
(c) 43
23
(d) 46
5 5
Ans :
= 28 + 6 19 - 18 + 6 19 - 2
5 5 (i) The length of the grassland is 3 m more than twice
the length of the flowerbed. Thus it will be 2x + 3 .
= 28 + 6 19 - 18 - 6 19 - 10 Now the total length of field is 2x + 3 + x = 3x + 3 .
5
a. Thus (b) is correct option. (b) distance = (speed )/time

(ii)Perimeter = 2 (3x + 3 + x) (c) time = speed # distance
(d) none of these
= 2 (4x + 3) = (8x + 6)
Thus (a) is correct option. (iii) Which is the correct quadratic equation for the
speed of the current ?
(iii) We have A = (3x + 3) x
(a) x2 + 30x - 200 = 0 (b) x2 + 20x - 400 = 0
1260 = 3x2 + 3x (c) x2 + 30x - 400 = 0 (d) x2 - 20x - 400 = 0
420 = x2 + x (iv) What is the speed of current ?
x2 + x - 420 = 0 (a) 20 km/hour (b) 10 km/hour
(c) 15 km/hour (d) 25 km/hour
(x + 21) (x - 20) = 0
(v) How much time boat took in downstream ?
Thus, x = 20 is only possible value. (a) 90 minute (b) 15 minute
Thus (c) is correct option. (c) 30 minute (d) 45 minute
(iv) Area of grassland, Ag = (2x + 3) x Ans :
= (2 # 20 + 3) 20 (i) In this case speed of the motorboat in upstream
will be (20 - x) km/hr.
= 860 m2
(ii) distance = (speed )/time
(v) Area of flowerbed,
A f = x2 = 202 = 400 m2 (iii) As per question,
Ratio = 400 = 20 15 = 15 + 1
860 43 20 - x 20 + x
Thus (a) is correct option. 15 (20 + x) = 15 (20 - x) + (20 - x) (20 + x)
129.John and Priya went for a small picnic. After having 15x =- 15x + (202 - x2)
their lunch Priya insisted to travel in a motor boat. 30x =- x2 + 400
The speed of the motor boat was 20 km/hr. Priya
being a Mathematics student wanted to know the x2 + 30x - 400 = 0
speed of the current. So she noted the time for Thus (c) is correct option.
upstream and downstream.
(iv) We have x2 + 30x - 400 = 0
x2 + 40x - 10x - 400 = 0
x (x + 40) - 10x (x + 40) = 0
(x + 40) (x - 10) = 0
x = 10, - 40
Here x = 10 is only possible.
She found that for covering the distance of 15 km the Thus (b) is correct option.
boat took 1 hour more for upstream than downstream. (v) In downstream speed of boat = 20 + 10 = 30 km/
(i) Let speed of the current be x km/hr. then speed hr
of the motorboat in upstream will be Time take to cover distance 15 km will be 30 minutes.
(a) 20 km/hr (b) (20 + x) km/hr Thus (c) is correct option.
(c) (20 - x) km/hr (d) 2 km/hr 130.Nidhi and Ria are very close friends. Nidhi’s parents
(ii) What is the relation between speed distance and own a Maruti Alto. Ria’s parents own a Toyota Liva.
time? Both the families decide to go for a picnic to Somnath
(a) speed = (distance )/time

temple in Gujrat by their own cars. (iii) We have x2 + 5x - 500 = 0

x2 + 25x - 20x - 500 = 0
x (x + 25) - 20 (x + 25) = 0
(x + 25) (x - 20) = 0
x = 20, - 25
Since x =- 25 is not possible, we get x = 20
(iv) Rias car speed = 20 + 5 = 25 km/hour
Nidhi’s car travels x km/h while Ria’s car travels 5
km/h more than Nidhi’s car. Nidhi’s car took Time taken = 400 = 16 hour
4 hrs more than Ria’s car in covering 400 km. 25
(i) What will be the distance covered by Thus (d) is correct option.
Ria’s car in two hour? (v) Time Taken by Nidhi 16 + 4 = 20 Hours
(a) 2 (x + 5) km (b) (x - 5) km
(c) 2 (x + 10) km (d) (2x + 5) km
131.Auditorium, the part of a public building where an
(ii) Which of the following quadratic equation audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the
describe the speed of Nidhi’s car? area on which the performance or other
(a) x2 - 5x - 500 = 0 (b) x2 + 4x - 400 = 0 object of the audience’s attention is presented.
(c) x2 + 5x - 500 = 0 (d) x2 - 4x + 400 = 0 In a large theatre an auditorium includes a
number of floor levels frequently designed as stalls,
(iii) What is the the speed of Nidhi’s car? private boxes, dress circle, balcony or upper circle,
(a) 20 km/hour (b) 15 km/hour and gallery. A sloping floor allows the seats to be
(c) 25 km/hour (d) 10 km/hour arranged to give a clear view of the stage. The walls
and ceiling usually contain concealed light and sound
(iv) How much time did Ria take to travel 400 km? equipment and air extracts or inlets and may be
(a) 20 hour (b) 40 hour highly decorated.
(c) 25 hour (d) 16 hour
(iv) How much time did Nidhi take to travel 400 km?
(a) 20 hour (b) 40 hour
(c) 25 hour (d) 18 hour
Ans :
(i) Nidhi’s car travels x km/h while Ria’s car travels
5 km/h more than Nidhi’s car. Thus Ria’s car speed
is x + 5 km/hour. Distance covered in two hour is
2 (x + 5) . In an auditorium, seats are arranged in rows and
Thus (a) is correct option. columns. The number of rows are equal to the number
of seats in each row. When the number of rows are
(ii) As per question,
doubled and the number of seats in each row is reduced
400 = 400 + 4 by 10, the total number of seats increases by 300.
x x+5
(i) If x is taken as number of row in original
400 (x + 5) = 400x + 4x (x + 5)
arrangement which of the following quadratic
2000 = 4x2 + 20x equation describes the situation ?
(a) x2 - 20x - 300 = 0 (b) x2 + 20x - 300 = 0
500 = x2 + 5x
(c) x2 - 20x + 300 = 0 (d) x2 + 20x + 300 = 0
2
x + 5x - 500 = 0
(ii) How many number of rows are there in the original
Thus (c) is correct option. arrangement?
(a) 20 (b) 40
(c) 10 (d) 30 132.Raju and his classmates planned a picnic in zoo. The
total budget for picnic was Rs 2000 but 5 students
(iii) How many number of seats are there in the
failed to attend the picnic and thus the contribution
auditorium in original arrangement ?
for each student was increased by Rs 20.
(a) 725 (b) 400
(c) 900 (d) 680
(iv) How many number of seats are there in the
auditorium after re-arrangement.
(a) 860 (b) 990
(c) 1200 (d) 960
(v) How many number of columns are there in the
auditorium after re-arrangement?
(a) 42 (b) 20
(c) 25 (d) 32
The expanse of different item was as follows.
Ans :
S. No. Article Cost per student
(i) Since number of rows are equal to the number of
seats in each row in original arrangement, total seats 1 Entry ticket Rs 5
are x2 . 2 Coffee Rs 10
In new arrangement row are 2x and seats in each row 3 Food Rs 25
are x - 10 . Hence total 2x (x - 10) seats are there.
4 Travelling Rs 50
Total seats are 300 more than previous seats so total
cost
number of seats are x2 + 300 .
5 Ice-cream Rs 15
Thus 2x (x - 10) = x2 + 300
(i) If x is the number of students planned for picnic,
2x2 - 20x = x2 + 300 which is the correct quadratic equation that
x2 - 20x - 300 = 0 describe the situation.
(a) x2 - 5x - 500 = 0 (b) x2 + 4x - 400 = 0
(c) x2 + 5x - 500 = 0 (d) x2 - 4x + 400 = 0
(ii) We have x2 - 20x - 300 = 0
(ii) What is the number of students planned for picnic ?
x2 - 30x + 10x - 300 = 0 (a) 30 (b) 40
x (x - 30) + 10 (x - 30) = 0 (c) 25 (d) 20
(x - 30) (x + 10) = 0 & x = 30, - 10 (iii) What is the number of students who attended the
Thus (d) is correct option. picnic?
(iii) Number of seats in original arrangement, (a) 20 (b) 40
(c) 15 (d) 25
x2 = 302 = 900
Thus (c) is correct option. (iv) What is the total expanse for this picnic ?
(a) Rs 1500 (b) Rs 2000
(iv) Total seats in rearrangement = 302 + 300
(c) Rs 1000 (d) Rs 2100
= 900 + 300 = 1200
(v) How much money they spent for travelling ?
(a) Rs 500 (b) Rs 1000
(v) Number of row are 30 in original arrangement. In
rearrangement number of rows are 2 # 30 = 60 . (c) Rs 800 (d) Rs 3750
Number of Column after rearrangement, Ans :
= Total seats = 1200 = 20 Column (i) We have 2000 + 20 = 2000

Row 60 x x-5
Thus (b) is correct option. 2000 (x - 5) + 20x (x - 5) = 2000x

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- 10000 + 20x2 - 100x = 0 (ii) What is the highest cost that the theatre can
charge to break even?
x2 - 5x - 500 = 0
(a) Rs 16 hundred (b) Rs 14 hundred
(c) Rs 4 hundred (d) Rs 20 hundred
(ii) We have x2 - 5x - 500 = 0
(iii) If theatre charge Rs 4 hundred for each ticket,
x2 - 25x + 20x - 500 = 0 what is the profit/loss ?
(a) Loss Rs 1600 (b) Profit Rs 1600
x (x - 25) + 20 (x - 25) = 0
(c) Loss Rs 3200 (d) Profit Rs 3200
(x - 25) (x + 20) = 0
(iv) If theatre charge Rs 25 hundred for each ticket,
x = 25, - 20 what is the profit/loss ?
Thus (c) is correct option. (a) Loss Rs 11500 (b) Profit Rs 8500
(iii) x = 25 - 5 = 20 Students attended picnic (c) Loss Rs 8500 (d) Profit Rs 11500
Thus (a) is correct option. (v) What is the maximum profit which can be earned
(iv) Expanse per student = 5 + 10 + 25 + 50 + 15 by theatre ?
(a) Rs 4000 (b) Rs 8100
= 105
(c) Rs 6100 (d) Rs 4200
Total expanse, 105 # 20 = 2100 Ans :
(i) At break even P (x) = 0 , thus
(v) Expanse on travelling 50 # 20 = 1000
- x2 + 22x - 40 = 0
x2 - 22x + 40 = 0
133.Optimal pricing strategy : The director of the Blue
Rose Theatre must decide what to charge for a ticket (x - 2) (x - 20) = 0 & x = 2 , 20
to the comedy drama. If the price is set too low, the Thus (c) is correct option.
theatre will lose money; and if the price is too high,
(ii) Theatre can charge Rs 20 hundred also. This is
people won’t come. From past experience she estimates
also break even point.
that the profit P from sales (in hundreds) can be
approximated by P (x) =- x2 + 22x - 40 where x is Thus (d) is correct option.
the cost of a ticket and 0 # x # 25 hundred rupees. (iii) At, x = 4 , we have
P (2) = - (4) 2 + 22 # 4 - 40 = 32
(iv) At, x = 25 , we have
P (5) = - (25) 2 + 22 # 25 - 40 =- 115
(v) We have P (x) =- x2 + 22x - 40
Rearranging the profit equation we have
P (x) =- (x2 - 22x + 121 - 81)
=- (x - 11) 2 + 81
From above equation it is clear that maximum value
(i) What is the lowest cost of a ticket that would of above equation is 81.
allow the theatre to break even? Thus (b) is correct option.
(a) Rs 3 hundred
(b) Rs 4 hundred ***********
(c) Rs 2 hundred
(d) Rs 1 hundred
Page 112 Arithmetic Progression Chap 5
CHAPTER 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
ONE MARK QUESTIONS = p + 9q
5. Fill the two blanks in the sequence 2 .........., 26, .........

1. What is the nth term of the AP a , 3a , 5a , ... ? so that the sequence forms an AP.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Given AP is a , 3a , 5a , ... Let a and b be the two numbers. AP will be 2, a

, 26, b .
First term is a and d = 3a - a = 2a
Now, 26 - a = a - 2
th
n term an = a + (n - 1) d
2a = 28 & a = 28 = 14
2
= a + (n - 1) 2a
= a + 2na - 2a and b - 26 = 26 - a
= 2na - a = (2n - 1) a a + b = 52
14 + b = 52 & b = 38
1-p
2. What is the common difference of the AP 1 ,
p p Thus a = 14 and b = 38 .
1 - 2p
, , ...?
p
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 6. The sum of first 20 terms of the AP 1, 4, 7, 10 .... is
1 - p 1 - 2p
Given AP is 1 , , ...
p p p Given AP is 1, 4, 7, 10 ...
Common difference Here, a = 1, d = 4 - 1 = 3 and n = 20
d =
1-p 1
- =
1-p-1
=
-p
=- 1 S20 = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
p p p p 2
3. What is the value of x for which 2x, (x + 10) and = 20 [2 # 1 + (20 - 1) 3]

2
(3x + 2) are the three consecutive terms of an AP ?
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] = 10 (2 + 57) = 10 # 59 = 590
Since 2x, (x + 10) and (3x + 2) are in AP we obtain, 7. Show that (a - b) 2 , (a2 + b2) and (a + b) 2 are in AP.
(x + 10) - 2x = (3x + 2) - (x + 10) Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
- x + 10 = 2x - 8 Given, (a - b) 2, (a2 + b2) and (a + b) 2 .
- x - 2x =- 8 - 10 Common difference,
- 3x =- 18 & x = 6 d1 = (a2 + b2) - (a - b) 2

= (a2 + b2) - (a2 + b2 - 2ab)
4. If the first term of AP is p and the common difference
is q , then what is its 10th term? = a2 + b2 - a2 - b2 + 2ab
= 2ab
We have a = p and d = q and d2 = (a + b) 2 - (a2 + b2)
a10 = a + (10 - 1) d = a2 + b2 + 2ab - a2 - b2

Chap 5 Arithmetic Progression Page 113
= 2ab common difference?

2 2 2
Since, d1 = d2 , thus, (a - b) , (a + b ) and (a + b) 2 Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
are in AP.
We have a n = 7 - 4n
8. Find the sum of all 11 terms of an AP whose middle
term is 30. Putting n = 1, a1 = 7 - 4 = 3
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Putting n = 2 , a2 = 7 - 8 =- 1
11 + 1 th
In an AP with 11 terms, the middle term is 2 =6 Common difference d = a2 - a1
term.
=- 1 - 3 =- 4
Now, a6 = a + 5d = 30
12. In an AP, if the common difference d =- 4 , and the
Thus, S11 = 11 [2a + 10d] seventh term a7 is 4, then find the first term.
2
Ans : [Board 2018]
= 11 (a + 5d)
We have d =- 4
= 11 # 30 = 330
and a7 = 4
9. If 4 times the 4 th term of an AP is equal to 18 times
the 18 th term, then find the 22 nd term. Now an = a + (n - 1) d
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] a7 = a + (7 - 1) d
Let a be the first term and d be the common
4 = a + (7 - 1) (- 4)
difference of the AP.
4 = a - 24 & a = 4 + 24 = 28
Now an = a + (n - 1) d
First term of the AP is 28.
As per the information given in question
13. Find the sum of first 8 multiples of 3.
4 # a 4 = 18 # a18
Ans : [Board 2018]
4 (a + 3d) = 18 (a + 17d)
First 8 multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
2a + 6d = 9a + 153d which are in AP where a = 3 , d = 3 and n = 8 .
7a =- 147d Now Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
2
a =- 21d
a + 21d = 0 S8 = 8 [2 # 3 + (8 - 1) 3]
2
a + (22 - 1) d = 0
= 4 [6 + 21]
a22 = 0
S8 = 4 # 27 = 108
Hence, the 22 nd term of the AP is 0.
Thus, sum of first 8 multiples of 3 is 108.
10. If the first three terms of an AP are b , c and 2b , then
14. Find, how many two digit natural numbers are
find the ratio of b and c .
divisible by 7.
Given, b , c and 2b are in AP.
Two digits number which are divisible by 7 form an
Thus c - b = 2b - c AP given by 14, 21, 28, ..., 98
2c = 3b Here, a = 14 , d = 21 - 14 = 7 and an = 98
2 =b Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
3 c
98 = 14 + ^n - 1h 7
b = 2 & b :c = 2 : 3
c 3 98 - 14 = 7n - 7
11. The n th term of an AP is (7 - 4n), then what is its 91 = 7n & n = 13
Hence, there are 13 numbers divisible by 7. 18. Find the first four terms of an AP Whose first term is
- 2 and common difference is - 2.
15. Find the number of natural numbers between 102 and
998 which are divisible by 2 and 5 both.
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] We have a1 =- 2,
If any number is divisible by 2 and 5, it must be a2 = a1 + d =- 2 + ^- 2h = - 4
divisible by LCM of 2 and 5, i.e. 10.
Numbers between 102 ......... 998 which are divisible a3 = a2 + d =- 4 + ^- 2h = - 6
by 2 and 5 are 110, 120, 130, ..........990 a 4 = a3 + d =- 6 + ^- 2h = - 8
Here a = 110 , d = 120 - 110 = 10 and an = 990
Hence first four terms are - 2, - 4, - 6, - 8
an = a + (n - 1) d
19. Find the tenth term of the sequence 2 , 8 , 18 , ....
990 = 110 + (n - 1) 10 Ans : [Board Term-2 2016]
880 = 10 (n - 1) Let the first term of an AP be a and common
difference be d.
88 = n - 1
Given AP is 2 , 8 , 18 or 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 ...
n = 88 + 1 = 89
where, a = 2,d = 2 , n = 10
16. Is - 150 a term of the AP 11, 8, 5, 2, .......? Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
a10 = 2 + ^10 - 1h 2
Let the first term of an AP be a and common
difference be d. = 2 +9 2
We have a = 11, d =- 3, an = - 150 = 10 2
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d Therefore tenth term of the given sequence 200 .
- 150 = 11 + ^n - 1h^- 3h
20. Find the next term of the series 2 , 8 , 18 , 32 ....
- 150 = 11 - 3n + 3 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
3n = 164 Let the first term of an AP be a and common

difference d.
or, n = 164 = 54.66
3 Here, a = 2, a + d = 8 =2 2
Since, 54.66 is not a whole number, - 150 is not a d =2 2- 2= 2
term of the given AP
Next term = 32 + 2
17. Which of the term of AP 5, 2, - 1, ...... is - 49 ?
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] =4 2+ 2
Let the first term of an AP be a and common =5 2

difference d.
= 50
We have a = 5, d =- 3
21. Is series 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , .... an AP? Give reason.
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
Substituting all values we have
Let common difference be d then we have
- 49 = 5 + ^n - 1h^- 3h d = a2 - a1 = 6- 3= 3 ^ 2 - 1h
- 49 = 5 - 3n + 3 d = a3 - a2 = 9- 6 = 3- 6
3n = 49 + 5 + 3 d = a 4 - a3 = 12 - 9 = 2 3 -3
n = 57 = 19th term. As common difference are not equal, the given series
3 is not in AP

22. What is the next term of an AP 7, 28 , 63 , ....? an = a + ^n - 1h d `

a25 = 5 + ^25 - 1h × b 5 l
2
difference be d. =- 5 + 60 = 55
Here, a = 7, a + d = 28
26. The first three terms of an AP are 3y - 1, 3y + 5 and
d = 28 - 7 = 2 7 - 7 5y + 1 respectively then find y .
= 7
If x, y and z are in AP then we have
Next term = 63 + 7
y-x = z-y
=3 7+ 7 =4 7
Therefore if 3y - 1, 3y + 5 and 5y + 1 in AP
= 7 # 16
^3y + 5h - ^3y - 1h = ^5y + 1h - ^3y + 5h
= 112 3y + 5 - 3y + 1 = 5y + 1 - 3y - 5
23. If the common difference of an AP is - 6 , find a16 - a12 . 6 = 2y - 4
2y = 6 + 4
difference be d. y = 10 = 5
2
Now d =- 6
27. For what value of k , k + 9, 2k - 1 and 2k + 7 are the
a16 = a + ^16 - 1h^- 6h = a - 90 consecutive terms of an AP
a12 = a + ^12 - 1h^- 6h = a - 66 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
a16 - a12 = â - 90h - â - 66h = a - 90 - n + 66 If x, y and z are consecutive terms of an AP then we

have
=- 24
y-x = z-y
24. For what value of k will the consecutive terms 2k + 1, Thus if k + 9, 2k - 1, and 2k + 7 are consecutive terms
3k + 3 and 5k - 1 form an AP? of an AP then we have
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] (2k - 1) - (k + 9) = (2k + 7) - (2k - 1)
If x, y and z are in AP then we have 2k - 1 - k - 9 = 2k + 7 - 2k + 1
y-x = z-y
k - 10 = 8 k & 18
Thus if 2k + 1, 3k + 3, 5k - 1 are in AP then
28. What is the common difference of an AP in which
^5k - 1h - 3k + 3 = ^3k + 3h - ^2k + 1h
a21 - a7 = 84 ?
5k - 1 - 3k - 3 3k + 3 - 2k - 1 Ans : [Board Term-2 2016]
2k - 4 = k + 2 Let the first term of an AP be a and common

difference be d.
2k - k = 4 + 2
a21 - a7 = 84
k =6
a + ^21 - 1h d - 8a + ^7 - 1h dB = 84
25. Find the 25 term of the AP - 5, - 5 , 5 , .....
th
a + 20d - a - 6d = 84
2 2
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] 14d = 84
Let the first term of an AP be a and common d =6
difference be d.
29. In the AP 2, x, 26 find the value of x .
Here, a =- 5, d =- 5 - (- 5) = 5
If x, y and z are in AP then we have difference be d.

y-x = z-y
Since 2, x and 26 are in AP we have Now a1 = 3x + y
x - 2 = 26 - x
a2 = a1 + d = 3x + y + x - y = 4x
2x = 26 + 2
a3 = a2 + d = 4x + x - y = 5x - y
x = 28 = 14 a 4 = a3 + d = 5x - y + x - y
2
30. For what value of k; k + 2, 4k - 6, 3k - 2 are three = 6x - 2y
consecutive terms of an AP.
So, the four terms are 3x + y , 4x, 5x - y and 6x - 2y.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012] 34. Find the 37th term of the AP x, 3 x, 5 x .
If x, y and z are three consecutive terms of an AP Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
then we have Let the n th term of an AP be an and common
y-x = z-y difference be d.
Since k + 2, 4k - 6 and 3k - 2 are three consecutive Here, a1 = x
terms of an AP, we obtain
a2 = 3 x
^4k - 6h - ^k + 2h = ^3k - 2h - ^4k - 6h
d = a2 - a1 = 3 x - x = 2 x
4k - 6 - k - 2 = 3k - 2 - 4k + 6
an = a + ^n - 1h d
3k - 8 =- k + 4
a37 = x + ^37 - 1h 2 x
4k = 4 + 8
= x + 36 # 2 x = 73 x
k = 12 = 3
4
35. For an AP, if a25 - a20 = 45, then find the value of d.
31. If 18, a, b, - 3 are in AP, then find a + b . Ans : [Board Term-2 2011]
If 18, a, b, - 3 are in AP, then, difference be d.
a - 18 =- 3 - b a25 - a20 = $a + ^25 - 1h d . - $a + ^20 - 1h d .
a + b =- 3 + 18 45 = a + 24d - a - 19d
a + b = 15 45 = 5d
32. Find the common difference of the AP 1 ,

1 - 6q
, d 45 = 9
3q 3q 5
1 - 12q
, ..... 36. Find the sum of first ten multiple of 5.
3q
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2011] Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi, 2014]
Let common difference be d then we have Let the first term be a , common difference be
1 - 6q d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
d = - 1
3q 3q Here, a = 5, n = 10, d = 5
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
1 - 6q - 1 - 6q
= = =- 2
3q 3q
S10 = 10 62 # 5 + ^10 - 1h 5@
2
33. Find the first four terms of an AP whose first term is
3x + y and common difference is x - y . = 5 610 + 9 # 5@
= 5 610 + 45@

= 5 # 55 = 275 = 5 # 18 = 90
Hence the sum of first ten multiple of 5 is 275. 40. If the sum of n terms of an AP is 2n2 + 5n, then find
the 4th term.
37. Find the sum of first five multiples of 2.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Let the first term be a , common difference term be an and sum of n term be Sn
be d , n th term be an and sum of n the term
be Sn Now, Sn = 2n2 + 5n
Here, a = 2, d = 2, n = 5 nth term of AP,
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB a n = Sn - Sn - 1
2
an = ^2n2 + 5n h - [2 ^n - 1h2 + 5 ^n - 1h]
S5 = 5 62 # 2 + ^5 - 1h 2@
2
= 2n2 + 5n - [2n2 - 4n + 2 + 5n - 5]
= 5 64 + 4 # 2@ = 5 64 + 8@ = 2n2 + 5n - 2n2 - n + 3
2 2
= 4n + 3
= 5 # 12 = 5 # 6 = 30
2
Thus 4th term a 4 = 4 # 4 + 3 = 19
38. Find the sum of first 16 terms of the AP 10, 6, 2, .....
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] 41. If the sum of first k terms of an AP is 3k2 - k and its
common difference is 6. What is the first term?
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
term be an and sum of n term be Sn
Here, a = 10, d = 6 - 1 =- 4, n = 16 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an . Let the sum of k terms of AP is Sk .
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 We have Sk = 3k2 - k
Now kth term of AP,
S16 = 16 62 # 10 + ^16 - 1h^- 4h@
2 a k = Sk - Sk - 1
= 8 620 + 15 # ^- 4h@ ak = ^3k2 - k h - 83 ^k - 1h2 - ^k - 1hB
= 8 620 - 60@ = 3k2 - k - 63k2 - 6k + 3 - k + 1@
= 8 # ^- 40h = 3k2 - k - 3k2 + 7k - 4 = 6k - 4
=- 320 First term a = 6 # 1 - 4 = 2
39. What is the sum of five positive integer divisible by 6. 42. Which term of the AP 8, 14, 20, 26, ...... will be 72
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] more than its 41st term.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
term be an and sum of n the term be Sn Let the first term be a , common difference be
Here, a = 6, d = 6, n = 5 d and n th term be an .
We have a = 8, d = 6.
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 Since nth term is 72 more than 41st term. we get
an = a 41 + 72
S5 = 5 62 # 6 + ^5 - 1h^6 h@
2
8 + ^n - 1h 6 = 8 + 40 # 6 + 72
= 5 612 + 4 # 6@ 6n - 6 = 240 + 72
2
6n = 312 + 6 = 318
= 5 612 + 24@ = 5 [36]
2 2
n = 53
43. If the nth term of an AP - 1, 4, 9, 14, ..... is 129. Find a + ^n - 1h d < 0

the value of n.
Ans : 20 + ^n - 1hb- 3 l < 0
[Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] 4
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and
n th term be an . 20 - 3 n + 3 < 0
4 4
We have a =- 1 and d = 4 - ^- 1h = 5
3n > 83
- 1 + ^n - 1h # 5 = an
n > 83 = 27 2
- 1 + 5n - 5 = 129 3 3
5n = 135 Hence 28th term is first negative.

n = 27
Hence 27th term is 129. TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
44. Write the nth term of the AP 1 , 1 + m , 1 + 2m , .....
m m m 47. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the same as
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] the sum of its first n terms, show that the sum of its
first (m + n) terms is zero.
n th term be an . Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Let a be the first term and d be the common

We have a = 1
m difference of the given AP. Then,
Sm = Sn
d = 1+m - 1 = 1
m m
m {2a + (m - 1) d} = n {2a + (n - 1) d}
2 2
an = 1 + ^n - 1h 1
m
2a (m - n) + {m (m - 1) - n (n - 1) d} = 0
Hence , an = 1 + n - 1
m 2a (m - n) + [(m2 - n2) - (m - n) d] = 0
45. What is the common difference of an AP which
(m - n) [2a + (m + n - 1) d] = 0
a21 - a7 = 84.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] 2a + (m + n - 1) d = 0
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and Now, Sm + n = m + n {2a + (m + n - 1) d}
n th term be an . 2
We have a21 - a7 = 84 = m+n #0 = 0
2
a + 20d - a - 6d = 84
14d = 84 48. If 3k - 2 , 4k - 6 and k + 2 are three consecutive terms
of AP, then find the value of k .
d = 84 = 6 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
14
To be term of an AP the difference between two
Hence common difference is 6. consecutive terms must be the same.
If 3k - 2 , 4k - 6 and k + 2 are terms of an AP, then
46. Which term of the progression 20, 19 1 , 18 1 , 17 3 .... is
4 2 4 4k - 6 - (3k - 2) = k + 2 - (4k - 6)
the first negative.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] 4k - 6 - 3k + 2 = k + 2 - 4k + 6
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and k - 4 = 8 - 3k
n th term be an .
4k = 12 & k = 3
We have a = 20 and d =- 3
4 Hence, the value of k is 3.
Let the nth term be first negative term, then

49. How many terms of AP 3, 5, 7, 9, ..... must be taken = 3 + 20 # 12 = 243

to get the sum 120? Therefore, 21 st term is 243.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Now we need to calculate term which is 120 more than
Given AP : 3, 5, 7, 9, .......... 21 st term i.e it should be 243 + 120 = 363
We have a = 3 , d = 2 and Sn = 120 Therefore, an = a + ^n - 1h d

363 = 3 + ^n - 1h 12
Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
2
360 = 12 ^n - 1h
120 = n [2 # 3 + (n - 1) 2] n - 1 = 30 & n = 31
2
So, 31 term is 120 more than 21 st term.
st
120 = n (3 + n - 1)
52. If Sn the sum of first n terms of an AP is given by
120 = n (n + 2)
Sn = 3n2 - 4n , find the nth term.
n2 + 2n - 120 = 0 Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
n2 + 12n - 10n - 120 = 0 We have Sn = 3n2 - 4n

(n + 12) (n - 10) = 0 & n = 10 or n =- 12 Substituting n = 1, we get
Neglecting n =- 12 because n can’t be negative we
S1 = 3 # 12 - 4 # 1 = - 1
get n = 10 . Hence, 10 terms must be taken to get the
sum 120. So, sum of first term of AP is - 1, but sum of first
term is the first term itself,
50. How many two digits numbers are divisible by 3?
Thus first term a1 =- 1
Now substituting n = 2 we have
Numbers divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ......., 96 and
99. Lowest two digit number divisible by 3 is 12 and S2 = 3 # 22 - 4 # 2 = 4
highest two digit number divisible by 3 is 99.
Sum of first two terms is 4.
Hence, the sequence start with 12, ends with 99 and
common difference is 3. a1 + a2 = 4
So, the AP is 12, 15, 18, ....., 96, 99. - 1 + a2 = 4 & a2 = 5
Here, a = 12 , d = 3 and an = 99 Hence, common difference,
an = a + ^n - 1h d d = a2 - a1 = 5 - ^- 1h = 6
99 = 12 + ^n - 1h 3 Now n th
term, an = a1 + ^n - 1h d
99 - 12 = 3 ^n - 1h , = - 1 + ^n - 1h 6 = 6n - 7
th
Therefore, n term is 6n - 7 .
n - 1 = 87 = 29 & n = 30
3
53. Find the 21 st term of the AP - 4 12 , - 3, - 1 12 , ...
Therefore, there are 30, two digit numbers divisible Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
by 3.
Given AP is - 4 1 , - 3, - 1 1 , ... or - 9 , - 3, - 3 , ...
51. Which term of the AP 3, 15, 27, 39, ... will be 120 2 2 2 2
more than its 21st term?
First term, a = -9
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] 2
Given AP is 3, 15, 27, 39...... Common difference,
Here, first term, a = 3 and common difference, d = 12
Now, 21 st term of AP is d =- 3 - b- 9 l = - 3 + 9
2 2
an = a + ^n - 1h d
= -6 + 9 = 3
a21 = 3 + ^21 - 1h # 12 2 2
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d 45.25 = n - 1
46.25 = n
a21 = e - 9 o + ^21 - 1he 3 o
2 2 Since 46.25 is not an whole number, thus 184 is not a
term of given AP
=- 9 + 20 # 3 =- 9 + 30
2 2 2
56. Find, 100 is a term of the AP 25, 28, 31, ...... or not.
= - 9 + 30 = 51 = 25 1 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
2 2 2
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference
Hence, 21 st term of given AP is 25 1 . be d and number of terms be n .
2
Let an = 100
54. If the sum of first n terms of an AP is n2 , then find
its 10th term. Here a = 25, d = 28 - 25 = 31 - 28 = 3
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d,
2
We have Sn = n ...(1) 100 = 25 + ^n - 1h # 3
Substituting n = 1 in equation (1), we have 100 - 25 = 75 = ^n - 1h # 3
S1 = 1 25 = n - 1
Hence, sum of first term of AP is 1, but sum of first
term is first term itself. n = 26
Since 26 is an whole number, thus 100 is a term of
So, first term, a =1 ...(2)
given AP.
Substituting n = 2 in equation (1), we have
57. Find the 7th term from the end of AP 7, 10, 13, .... 184.
S2 = ^2 h = 42
Sum of first 2 terms is 4. Let us write AP in reverse order i.e., 184, ..... 13, 10, 7
Now a + a2 = 4 ...(3) Let the first term of an AP be a and common
From equation (2) and (3) we have difference be d .
a2 = 3 Now d = 7 - 10 =- 3
Now, common difference, a = 184, n = 7
d = a2 - a = 3 - 1 = 2 7th term from the original end,

Now, 10 th term of AP, a 7 = a + 6d
a10 = a + ^10 - 1h d a7 = 184 + 6 ^- 3h
= 1 + 9 # 2 = 19 = 184 - 18 = 166 .
th
Hence, the 10 term of AP is 19.
Hence, 166 is the 7th term from the end.
55. Is 184 a term of the sequence 3, 7, 11, .......?
58. Which term of an AP 150, 147, 144, ..... is its first
negative term?
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference Ans : [Board 2010]
be d and number of terms be n .
Let an = 184
be d and n th term be an .
Here, a = 3, d = 7 - 3 = 11 - 7 = 4
For first negative term an < 0
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d,
a + ^n - 1h d < 0
184 = 3 + ^n - 1h 4
150 + ^n - 1h^- 3h < 0
181 = n - 1
4 150 - 3n + 3 < 0

- 3n < - 153 3a + 36d = 0

n > 51 3 â + 12d h = 0
Therefore, the first negative term is 52nd term. a + 12d = 0
59. In a certain AP 32th term is twice the 12th term. Prove a13 = 0 Hence Proved
that 70th term is twice the 31st term.
62. The fifth term of an AP is 20 and the sum of its
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015, 2012]
seventh and eleventh terms is 64. Find the common
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference difference.
be d and n th term be an . Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
Now we have a32 = 2a12 Let the first term be a and common difference
be d.
a + 31d = 2 â + 11d h
a + 31d = 2a + 22d
a + 4d = 20 ...(1)
a = 9d
a + 6d + a + 10d = 64
a70 = a + 69d
a + 8d = 32 ...(2)
= 9d + 69d = 78d
Solving equations (1) and (2), we have
a31 = a + 30d
d =3
= 9d + 30d = 39d
63. The ninth term of an AP is - 32 and the sum of
a70 = 2a31 Hence Proved. its eleventh and thirteenth term is - 94 . Find the
common difference of the AP
60. The 8th term of an AP is zero. Prove that its 38th term
is triple of its 18th term.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Let the first term be a and common difference
be d.
be d and n th term be an . Now a + 8d = a 9
We have, a8 = 0 or, a + 7d = 0 or, a =- 7d a + 8d =- 32 ...(1)
Now a38 = a + 37d and a11 + a13 =- 94
a38 =- 7d + 37d = 30d a + 10d + a + 12d =- 94
a18 = a + 17d a + 11d =- 47 ...(2)
=- 7d + 17d = 10d Solving equation (1) and (2), we have
a38 = 30d = 3 # 10d = 3 # a18 d =- 5
a38 = 3a18 Hence Proved
64. The seventeenth term of an AP exceeds its 10th term
61. If five times the fifth term of an AP is equal to eight by 7. Find the common difference.
times its eighth term, show that its 13th term is zero. Ans : [Board Term-2 2015, 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Let the first term be a and common difference be d .
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference Now a17 = a10 + 7
be d and n th term be an .
a + 16d = a + 9d + 7
Now 5a5 = 8a8
16d - 9d = 7
5 â + 4d h = 8 â + 7d h
7d = 7 & d = 1
5a + 20d = 8a + 56d
Thus common difference is 1.
65. The fourth term of an AP is 11. The sum of the fifth 216 - 6 = 7 ^m - 1h
and seventh terms of the AP is 34. Find the common
difference. m - 1 = 210 = 30
7
m = 30 + 1 = 31
Let the first term be a and common difference
be d. The middle term will be = 31 + 1 = 16th
2
Now a 4 = 11
a16 = a + ^16 - 1h d
a + 3d = 11 ...(1)
= 6 + ^16 - 1h^7 h
and a5 + a7 = 34
= 6 + 15 # 7 = 6 + 105 = 111
a + 4d + a + 6d = 34
Middle term will be 111.
, 2a + 10d = 34
, a + 5d = 17 ...(2) 68. If the 2nd term of an AP is 8 and the 5th term is 17,
find its 19th term.
Solving equations (1) and (2) we have Ans : [Board Term-2 2016]
d =3 Let the first term be a and common difference be d.
66. Find the middle term of the AP 213, 205, 197, .... 37. Now a2 = a + d
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] 8 = a+d (1)
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference and a 5 = a + 4d
be d and number of terms be m .
Here, a = 213, d = 205 - 213 =- 8, am = 37 17 = a + 4d (2)
am = a + ^m - 1h d Solving (1) and (2), we have
37 = 213 + ^m - 1h^- 8h a = 5, d = 3 ,
37 - 213 =- 8 ^m - 1h a19 = a + 18d
m - 1 = - 176 = 22 = 5 + 54 = 59
-8
69. If the number x + 3, 2x + 1 and x - 7 are in AP find
m = 22 + 1 = 23 the value of x .
The middle term will be = 23 + 1 = 12th Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
2
If x, y and z are three consecutive terms of an AP
a12 = a + ^12 - 1h d then we have
= 213 + ^12 - 1h^- 8h y-x = z-y
= 213 - 88 = 125 ^2x + 1h - ^x + 3h = ^x - 7h - ^2x + 1h

Middle term will be 125. 2x + 1 - x - 3 = x - 7 - 2x - 1
x - 2 =- x - 8
67. Find the middle term of the AP 6, 13, 20, .... 216.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] 2x =- 6
Let the first term of an AP be a , common difference x =- 3
be d and number of terms be m .
Here, a = 6, am = 216, d = 13 - 6 = 7 70. Find the values of a, b and c , such that the numbers
a, 10, b, c, 31 are in AP
am = a + ^m - 1h d
216 = 6 + ^m - 1h^7 h Let the first term be a and common difference be d .
Since a, 10, b, c, 31 are in AP, then

a + d = 10 (1) 73. The 4th term of an AP is zero. Prove that the 25th
term of the AP is three times its 11th term.
a + 4d = a 5
a + 4d = 31 (2)
Let the first term be a , common difference be
Solving (1) and (2) we have d and n th term be an .
d = 7 and a = 3 We have, a 4 = 0
Now a = 3, b = 3 + 14 = 17, c = 3 + 21 = 24 a + 3d = 0 [ a + ^n - 1h d = an ]
Thus a = 3, b = 17, c = 24. 3d =- a

- 3d = a ...(1)
71. For AP show that a p + a p + 2q = 2a p + q .
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Now, a25 = a + 24d =- 3d + 24d = 21d ...(2)
Let the first term be a and the common difference be a11 = a + 10d =- 3d + 10d = 7d ...(3)
d. Let an be the n th term.
From equation (2) and (3) we have
a25 = 3a11 Hence Proved.
a p = a + ^p - 1h d
74. How many terms of the AP 65, 60, 55, .... be taken so
a p + 2q = a + ^p + 2q - 1h d that their sum is zero?
a p + a p + 2q = a + ^p - 1h d + a + ^p + 2q - 1h d
= a + pd - d + a + pd + 2qd - d term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
= 2a + 2pd + 2qd - 2d We have a = 65, d =- 5, Sn = 0
or a p + a p + 2q = 2 8a + ^p + q - 1h dB ...(1) Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
But 2a p + q = 2 8a + ^p + q - 1h dB ...(2)
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have
From (1) and (2), we get a p + a p + 2q = 2a p + q
n 130 + n - 1 - 5 = 0
72. The sum of first terms of an AP is given by 26 ^ h^ h@
Sn = 2n2 + 8n. Find the sixteenth term of the AP.
n 130 + 5n + 5 = 0
Ans : [Board 2010] 26 @
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 135n - 5n2 = 0
n th term be an .
n ^135 - 5n h = 0
Now Sn = 2n2 + 3n
5n = 135
S1 = 2 # 12 + 3 # 1 = 2 + 3 = 5
Since S1 = a1 , n = 27
a1 = 5 75. How many terms of the AP 18, 16, 14 ..... be taken so
2
S2 = 2 # 2 + 3 # 2 = 8 + 6 = 14 that their sum is zero?
a1 + a2 = 14
a2 = 14 - a1 = 14 - 5 = 9 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
d = a2 - a1 = 9 - 5 = 4 Here a = 18, d =- 2, Sn = 0
a16 = a + (16 - 1) d Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
= 5 + 15 # 4 = 65
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have
n 36 + n - 1 - 2 = 0 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

26 ^ h^ h@
term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Here, a1 =- 1, a2 =- 5 and d =- 4
n ^38 - 2n h = 0
n = 19 Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
76. How many terms of the AP 27, 24, 21 .... should be S16 = 16 62 # ^- 1h + ^16 - 1h^- 4h@
taken so that their sum is zero? 2
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] = 8 6- 2 - 60@ = 8 ^- 62h
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th =- 496
Here a = 27, d =- 3, Sn = 0 79. If the nth term of an AP is 7 - 3n, find the sum of
twenty five terms.
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
2
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have term be an and sum of n term be Sn
n 54 + n - 1 - 3 = 0 Here n = 25, an = 7 - 3n
26 ^ h^ h@
Taking n = 1, 2, 3, .... we have
n ^- 3n + 57h = 0
a1 = 7 - 3 # 1 = 4
n = 19
a2 = 7 - 3 # 2 = 1
77. In an AP, if S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235, then find a3 = 7 - 3 # 3 = - 2
the AP, where Sn denotes the sum of first n terms.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] Thus required AP is 4, 1, - 2, .... .
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Here, a = 4, d = 1 - 4 =- 3

Now, Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
= 25 62 # 4 + ^25 - 1h^- 3h@
S5 + S7 = 167 2
5 2a + 4d + 7 2a + 6d = 167 = 25 68 + 24 ^- 3h@
2^ h 2^ h 2
5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 = 25 ^8 - 72h =- 800

2
12a + 31d = 167 ...(1)
80. If the 1st term of a series is 7 and 13th term is 35. Find
Now we have S10 = 235 , thus
the sum of 13 terms of the swquence.
10 2a + 10 - 1 d = 235
^ h B
Ans :
28
[Board Term-2 2012]

5 ^2a + 9d h = 235 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
2a + 9d = 47 (2) Here a = 7, a13 = 35
Solving (1) and (2), we get an = a + ^n - 1h d
a = 1, d = 5 a13 = a + 12d
Thus AP is 1, 6, 11.... 35 = 7 + 12d & d = 7

3
78. Find the sum of sixteen terms of an AP
- 1, - 5, - 9, ...... . Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2

S13 = 13 ;2 # 7 + 12 # b 7 lE = 5n - n2 - ^5n - 5 - n2 - 1 + 2n h
2 3
= 5n - n2 - 7n + 6 + n2
= 13 614 + 28@
2 =- 2n + 6
= 13 # 42 = 273 an =- 2 ^n - 3h
2
Thus nth term is =- 2 ^n - 3h
81. If the nth term of a sequence is 3 - 2n. Find the sum
of fifteen terms. 84. The first and last term of an AP are 5 and 45
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] respectively. If the sum of all its terms is 400, find its
common difference.
term be an and sum of n term be Sn Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Here, an = 3 - 2n Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

Taking n = 1, a1 = 3 - 2 = 1 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
We have a = 5, an = 45
15th term, a15 = 3 - 2 # 15 = 3 - 30 = - 27
Now 45 = 5 + ^n - 1h d
Now Sn = n â + 1h
2 ^n - 1h d = 40 ...(1)
Given, Sn = 400
S15 = 15 61 + ^- 27h@
2
Now Sn = n â + an h
2
= 15 6- 26@
2
400 = n ^5 + 45h
2
= 15 # ^- 13h =- 195
800 = 50n
82. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an AP whose
common difference is d and first term is a , find n = 16
S n - 2S n - 1 + S n - 2 .
Substituting this value of n in (1) we have
^n - 1h d = 40
We have a n = Sn - Sn - 1 15d = 40
a n - 1 = Sn - 1 - Sn - 2
d = 40 = 8
15 3
S n - 2S n - 1 + S n - 2 = S n - S n - 1 - S n - 1 + S n - 2
85. If the sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that
= ^Sn - Sn - 1h - ^Sn - 1 - Sn - 2h of the first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of its first
= an - an - 1 = d n terms.
83. The sum of first n terms of an AP is 5n - n2 . Find the
nth term of the AP
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th 2
Now S7 = 7 ^2a + 6d h = 49
We have, Sn = 5n - n2 2
Now, nth term of AP, a + 3d = 7 ...(1)

a n = Sn - Sn - 1 and S17 = 17 ^2a + 16d h = 289
2
= ^5n - n h - 85 ^n - 1h - ^n - 1h2B
2
a + 8d = 17
= 5n - n2 - 85n - 5 - ^n2 + 1 - 2n hB
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get 531

^n - 1h = 9 = 49
5d = 10 & d = 2 n = 49 + 1 = 50
Substituting this value of d in (1) we have
88. The 10th term of an AP is - 4 and its 22nd term is
a =1 - 16 . Find its 38th term.
Ans :
Sn = n 62 # 1 + ^n - 1h 2@
[Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Now
2
n th term be an .
= n 62 + 2n - 2@ = n2
2
a10 = a + 9d = - 4 (1)
2
Hence, sum of n terms is n .
and a22 = a + 21d = - 16 (2)
86. How many terms of the AP - 6, - 11, - 5, - 9 .... are Subtracting (2) from (1) we have
2 2
needed to give their sum zero.
12d =- 12 & d =- 16
Substituting this value of d in (1) we get
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . a =5
We have a = - 6, d =- 11 - ^- 6h = 1 Thus a38 = 5 + 37 # - 1 =- 32
2 2
n
Sn = 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 Hence, a38 =- 32
Let sum of n term be zero, then we have 89. Find how many integers between 200 and 500 are
divisible by 8.
n 2 -6+ n-1 1 = 0
2: # ^ h 2D Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Number divisible by 8 are 208, 2016, 224, .... 496. It

n - 12 + n - 1 = 0
2: 2 2D is an AP
n n - 25 = 0
2 :2 2D
n th term be an .
We have a = 208, d = 8 and an = 496
n2 - 25n = 0 Now a + ^n - 1h d = an
n ^n - 25h = 0 208 + ^n - 1h d = 496
n = 25 ^n - 1h 8 = 496 - 208
Hence 25 terms are needed.
n - 1 = 288 = 36
8
87. Which term of the AP 3, 12, 21, 30, ..... will be 90 more
than its 50th term. n = 36 + 1 = 37
Ans : [Board Term-2 Compt. 2017] Hence, required numbers divisible by 8 is 37.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 90. The fifth term of an AP is 26 and its 10th term is 51.
n th term be an . Find the AP
We have a = 3, d = 9 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d Let the first term be a , common difference be d and

n th term be an .
a50 = 3 + 49 # 9 = 444
a5 = a + 4d = 26 ...(1)
Now, an - a50 = 90
a10 = a + 9d = 51 ...(2)
3 + ^n - 1h 9 - 444 = 90
^n - 1h 9 = 90 + 441 5d = 25 & d = 5

Substituting this value of d in equation (1) we get 4 â + 17d h = 0

a=6 a + 17d = 0
Hence, the AP is 6, 11, 16, ....
Hence, a18 = 0
91. Find the AP whose third term is 5 and seventh term
is 9. 94. In an AP of 50 terms, the sum of the first 10 terms
is 210 and the sum of its last 15 terms is 2565. Find
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
the AP
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
n th term be an .
Now a 3 = a + 2d = 5 ...(1) term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
and a 7 = a + 6d = 9 ...(2) S10 = 210
Subtracting (2) from (1) we have Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
4d = 4 & d = 1
210 = 10 ^2a + 9d h
Substituting this value of d in (1) we get 2
a =3 42 = 2a + 9d (1)
Hence AP is 3, 4, 5, 6, ...... Now a36 = a + 35d
92. Find whether - 150 is a term of the AP 11, 8, 5, 2, .... a50 = a + 49d
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] Sum of last 15 terms,
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and S36 - 50 = n (a36 + a50)
n th term be an . 2
Let the nth term of given AP 11, 8, 5, 2, .... be - 150
2565 = 15 â + 35d + a + 49d h
Hence a = 11, d = 8 - 11 =- 3 and an =- 150 2
a + ^n - 1h d = an
171 = 1 ^2a + 84d h
2
11 + ^n - 1h^- 3h =- 150
171 = a + 42d (2)
^n - 1h^- 3h =- 161
Solving (1) and (2) we get a = 3 and d = 4
- 161 2
^n - 1h = - 3 = 53 3
Hence, AP is 3, 7, 11, .....
which is not a whole number. Hence - 150 is not a
term of given AP.
93. If seven times the 7th term of an AP is equal to eleven
times the 11th term, then what will be its 18th term.
95. The sum of four consecutive number in AP is 32 and
the ratio of the product of the first and last term to
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and the product of two middle terms is 7 : 15. Find the
n th term be an . numbers.
7a7 = 11a11 Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard, 2018]
Let the four consecutive terms of AP be (a - 3d),

Now 7 â + 6d h = 11 â + 10d h
(a - d), (a + d) and (a + 3d).
7a + 42d = 11a + 110d As per question statement we have
11a - 7a = 42d - 110d a - 3d + a - d + a + d + a + 3d = 32
, 4a =- 68d 4a = 32 & a = 8
(a - 3d) (a + 3d)
4a + 68d = 0 and = 7
(a - d) (a + d) 15
Let an is the first negative term, thus an < 0 .

2 2
a - 9d = 7
15 Now an = a + (n - 1) d
a2 - d2
64 - 9d2 = 7 20 + (n - 1) b- 3 l < 0
4
64 - d2 15
80 - 3n + 3 < 0
960 - 135d2 = 448 - 7d2
83 - 3n < 0
7d2 - 135d2 = 448 - 960
- 128d2 =- 512 n > 83 n > 27.6
3
d2 = 4 & d = ! 2 n = 28
Hence, the number are 2, 6, 10 and 14 or 14, 10, 6 Hence, the first negative term is 28th term.
and 2.
98. Find the middle term of the AP 7, 13, 19, ...., 247.
96. The sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and that
of its next 7 terms is 161. Find the AP.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] In this AP, a =7
We have S7 = 63 d = 13 - 7 = 6
Now Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d] an = a + (n - 1) d
2
247 = 7 + (n - 1) 6
63 = 7 [2a + 6d]
2 6 (n - 1) = 240
9 = a + 3d ...(1) n - 1 = 40 & n = 41
Now, sum of next 7 terms,
Hence, the middle term = n + 1 = 41 + 1 = 42 = 21.
2 2 2
S8 - 14 = 161
a21 = 7 + (21 - 1) 6 = 127
S8 - 14 = 7 (a8 + a14)
2
99. Show that the sum of all terms of an AP whose first
161 = 7 (a + 7d + a + 13d) term is a , the second term is b and last term is c , is
2 (a + c) (b + c - 2a)
equal to
2 (b - a)
161 = 7 (2a + 20d) Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
2
Given, first term, A =a
23 = a + 10d ...(2)
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have and second term A2 = b
14 = 7d & d = 2 Common difference, D = b-a

Substituting the value of d in (1), we get Last term, An = c
a =3 A + (n - 1) d = c
Hence, the AP is 3, 5, 7, 9, ....
a + (n - 1) (b - a) = c
97. Which term of the AP 20, 19 1 , 18 1 , 17 3 , ... is the (b - a) (n - 1) = c - a
4 2 4
first negative term.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] n-1 =c-a
b-a
Here, a = 20
n =c-a +1
b-a
and d = 77 - 20 =- 3
4 4
=c-a+b-a
b-a

n = b + c - 2a a + 16d = 5 + 2a + 14d
b-a
2d - a = 5 ...(1)
Now sum of all terms Since 11 th
term of AP is 43,
(b + c - 2a)
Sn = n [A + An] = [a + c] a + (11 - 1) d = 43
2 2 (b - a)
a + 10d = 43 ...(2)
(a + c) (b + c - 2a)
= Hence Proved Solving equation (1) and (2), we have
2 (b - a)
100.If in an AP, the sum of first m terms is n and the a = 3 and d = 4
th
sum of its first n terms is m , then prove that the sum Hence, n term would be
of its first (m + n) terms is - (m + n).
an = 3 + (n - 1) 4 = 4n - 1
Let 1st term of series be a and common difference be 102.How many terms of the AP 24, 21, 18, .... must be
d , then we have taken so that their sum is 78?
Sm = n Given : 24, 21, 18, .......... are in AP.
and Sn = m Here, a = 24 , d = 21 - 24 =- 3
m [2a + (m - 1) d] = n
2
...(1) Sum of n term, Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d]
2
n [2a + (n - 1) d] = m
2
...(2) 78 = n [2 # 24 + (n - 1) (- 3)]
2
Subtracting we have
156 = n (48 - 3n + 3)
a (m - n) + d [m (m - 1) - n (n - 1)] = n - m 156 = n (51 - 3n)
2
2a (m - n) + d [m2 - n2 - (m - n)] = 2 (n - m) 3n2 - 51n + 156 = 0
2a (m - n) + d (m - n) [(m + n) - 1] = 2 (n - m) n2 - 17n + 52 = 0
2a + d [(m + n) - 1] =- 2 n2 - 13n - 4n + 52 = 0
(n - 4) (n - 13) = 0 & n = 4, 13
Now, Sm + n = m + n [2a + (m + n - 1) d]
2
When n = 4 , S 4 = 4 [2 # 24 + (4 - 1) (- 3)]
2
= m + n (- 2)
2
= 2 (48 - 9) = 2 # 39 = 78
=- (m + n)
When n = 13 , S13 = 13 [2 # 24 + (13 - 1) (- 3)]
th th
2
101.The 17 term of an AP is 5 more than twice its 8
term. If 11 th term of AP is 43, then find its nth term.
= 13 [48 + (- 36)] = 78
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] 2
Let a be the first term and d be the common Hence, the number of terms n = 4 or n = 13 .
difference. 103.Find the 20th term of an AP whose 3rd term is 7 and
nth term of an AP, the seventh term exceeds three times the 3rd term by
an = a + (n - 1) d 2. Also find its nth term ân h .
th
Since 17 term of an AP is 5 more than twice of its Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
8 th term, thus Let the first term be a , common difference be d and

a + (17 - 1) d = 5 + 2 [a + (8 - 1) d] n th term be an .
We have a 3 = a + 2d = 7 (1)
a + 16d = 5 + 2 (a + 7d)
a7 = 3a3 + 2
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a + 6d = 3 # 7 + 2 = 23 (2) a + 8d = 7a + 7d
Solving (1) and (2) we have - 6a + d = 0 (1)
4d = 16 & d = 4 and a12 = 5a3 + 2
a + 8 = 7 & a =- 1 a + 11d = 5 â + 2d h + 2
a20 = a + 19d =- 1 + 19 # 4 = 75 a + 11d = 5a + 10d + 2
an = a + ^n - 1h d - 4a + d = 2 ...(2)
=- 1 + 4n - 4 Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
- 2a =- 2
= 4n - 5.
a =1
Hence nth term is 4n - 5 .
Substituting this value of a in equation (1) we get
104.If 7 term of an AP is 1 and 9th term is 1 , find 63rd
th
-6 + d = 0
9 7
term.
d =6
Hence first term is 1 and common difference is 6.
n th term be an . 106.Determine an AP whose third term is 9 and when
fifth term is subtracted from 8th term, we get 6.
We have a7 = 1 & a + 6d = 1 (1)

a 9 = 1 & a + 8d = 1 (2)
7 7 n th term be an .
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get We have a3 = 9
2d = 1 - 1 = 2 & d = 1 a + 2d = 9 ...(1)
7 9 63 63
Substituting the value of d in (2) we get and a8 - a5 = 6
a+8# 1 = 1 â + 7d h - â + 4d h = 6
63 7
3d = 6
a = 1 - 8 = 9-8 = 1 d =2
7 63 63 63
Thus a63 = a + (63 - 1) d Substituting this value of d in (1), we get

a + 2 ^2 h = 9
= 1 + 62 # 1 = 1 + 62
63 63 63
a =5
= 63 = 1 So, AP is 5, 7, 9, 11, ...
63
Hence, a63 = 1.
107.Divide 56 in four parts in AP such that the ratio
105.The ninth term of an AP is equal to seven times the of the product of their extremes (1st and 4rd ) to the
second term and twelfth term exceeds five times the product of means (2nd and 3rd ) is 5: 6.
third term by 2. Find the first term and the common Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
difference. Let the four numbers be a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d
Ans : [Board 2008, 2010] Now a - 3d + a - d + a + d + a + 3d = 56
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 4a = 56 & a = 14
n th term be an .
Hence numbers are 14 - 3d, 14 - d, 14 + d, 14 + 3d
Now a9 = 7a2
Now, according to question, we have
a + 8d = 7 â + d h

^14 - 3d h^14 + 3d h + D [q (r - p) - ^r - p h]
=5
^14 - d h^14 + d h 6
+ D [r ^p - q h - ^p - q h]
2
196 - 9d = 5 = D [p (q - r) + q (r - p) + r (p - q)] +
196 - d2 6
- D [(q - r) + (r - p) + (p - q)]
6 ^196 - 9d2h = 5 ^196 - d2h
= D [pq - pr + qr - qp + rp - rq] + 0
6 # 196 - 54d2 = 5 # 196 - 5d2
= D [0] = 0
^6 - 5h # 196 = 49d
2
109.The sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 + 5n. Find the

d2 = 196 = 4 AP Hence find its 15th term.
49
Ans : [Board Term-2 2013, 2012]
d =! 2
Let the first term be a , common difference be
Thus numbers are a - 3d = 14 - 3 # 2 = 8 d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
a - d = 14 - 2 = 12 Now Sn = 3n2 + 5n
a + d = 14 + 2 = 16 Sn - 1 = 3 ^n - 1h2 + 5 ^n - 1h
a + 3d = 14 + 3 # 2 = 20 = 3 ^n2 + 1 - 2n h + 5n - 5
Thus required AP is 8, 12, 16, 20. = 3n2 + 3 - 6n + 5n - 5
108.An AP has p th , q th and r th terms as a, b and c respectively, = 3n2 - n - 2

Show that a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h = 0.
a n = Sn - Sn - 1
= 3n2 + 5n - ^3n2 - n - 2h
Let the first term be A and the common difference
be D . = 6n + 2
a = A + ^p - 1h D Thus AP is 8, 14, 20, .......
b = A + ^q - 1h D Now a15 = a + 14d = 8 + 14 ^6 h = 92
c = A + ^r - 1h D 110.For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs 63,
65, 67, ... and 3, 10, 17, .... equal?
Now a ^q - r h = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @
b ^r - p h = 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@ Let a, d and A, D be the 1st term and common
and c 6p - q @ = 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@ difference of the 2 APs respectively.
n is same
a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h
For 1st AP, a = 63 , d = 2
= 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @ +
For 2nd AP, A = 3, D = 7
+ 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@ +
Since n th term is same,
+ 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@ + an = An
= A 6p - q + q - p + q - r @ + a + ^n - 1h d = A + ^n - 1h D
+ D (p - 1) (q - r) + 63 + ^n - 1h 2 = 3 + ^n - 1h 7
+ D (q - 1) (r - p) + 63 + 2n - 2 = 3 + 7n - 7
+ D (r - 1) (p - q) 61 + 2n = 7n - 4
= A 60@ + 65 = 5n & n = 13
+ D [p ^q - r h - (q - r)] When n is 13, the nth terms are equal i.e., a13 = A13
2
S12 = 6 62a + 11d @ = 12a + 66d
111.In an AP the sum of first n terms is 3n + 13n . Find
2 2
the 25th term. S8 = 4 62a + 7d @ = 8a + 28d
S 4 = 2 62a + 3d @ = 4a + 6d
2
We have Sn = 3n + 13n 3 ^S8 - S 4h = 3 8^8a + 28d h - ^4a + 6d hB
2
= 3 64a + 22d @ = 12a + 66d
a n = Sn - Sn - 1
= 6 62a + 11d @ = S12 Hence Proved
a25 = S25 - S24
3 ^25h2 + 13 ^25h 3 ^24h2 + 13 ^24h 114.The 14th term of an AP is twice its 8th term. If the
= - 6th term is - 8, then find the sum of its first 20 terms.
2 2
= 1 $3 ^252 - 242h + 13 ^25 - 24h. Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
2
= 1 ^3 # 49 + 13h = 80 Here, a14 = 2a8 and a6 = - 8
2
Now a + 13d = 2 â + 7d h
112.The sum of first n terms of three arithmetic
progressions are S1, S2 and S3 respectively. The first a + 13d = 2a + 14d
term of each AP is 1 and common differences are 1, 2 a =- d ...(1)
and 3 respectively. Prove that S1 + S3 = 2S2 .
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] and a6 =- 8
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th a + 5d =- 8 ...(2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get
We have S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... n
a = 2, d =- 2
S2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... up to n terms
Now S20 = 20 62 # 2 + ^20 - 1h^- 2h@
S3 = 1 + 4 + 7 + ..... upto n terms 2
n ^n + 1h = 10 64 + 19 # ^- 2h@
Now Sn =
2
= 10 ^4 - 38h
S2 = n 62 + ^n - 1h 2@ = n 62n@ = n2 = 10 # ^- 34h =- 340
2 2
n ^3n - 1h 115.If the ratio of the sums of first n terms of two AP’s
and S3 = n 62 + ^n - 1h 3@ = is ^7n + 1h: ^4n + 27h , find the ratio of their mth terms.
2 2
n ^n + 1h n ^3n - 1h
Now, S1 + S3 = + Let a, and A be the first term and d and D be the
2 2
common difference of two AP’s, then we have
n 6n + 1 + 3n - 1@ n 64n@ Sn = 7n + 1
= =
2 2 S n' 4n + 27
= 2n2 = 2s2 Hence Proved 28
n
2a + ^n - 1h dB
= 7n + 1
28
n
2A + ^n - 1h DB 4n + 27
113.If Sn denotes, the sum of the first n terms of an AP
prove that S12 = 3 ^S8 - S 4h . 2a + ^n - 1h d
= 7n + 1
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] 2A + ^n - 1h D 4n + 27
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th a + ^ n -2 1 h d
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . = 7n + 1
A + ^ n -2 1 h D 4n + 27
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 Substituting n - 1 = m - 1 or n = 2m - 1 we get
2

Multiplying (1) by 2 and subtracting (2) from it we

a + ^m - 1h d 7 ^2m - 1h + 1 get
= = 14m - 6
A + ^m - 1h D 4 ^2m - 1h + 27 8m + 23
^2a + 22d h - ^2a + 3d h =- 26 - 12
Hence, am = 14m - 6 19d =- 38
Am 8m + 23
116.If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 12 63n2 + 7n@, d =- 2
then find its nth term. Hence write its 20th term. Substituting the value of d in (1) we get
a + 11 # - 2 =- 13
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . a =- 13 + 22
Sum of n term, Sn = 1 63n2 + 7n@ a =9

2
Now, Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Sum of 1 term, S1 = 1 83 # ^1 h2 + 7 ^1 hB 2
2
S10 = 10 ^2 # 9 + 9 # - 2h
= 1 63 + 7@ = 1 # 10 = 5 2
2 2
= 5 # ^18 - 18h = 0
Sum of 2 term, S2 = 1 83 ^2 h2 + 7 # 2B
2 Hence, S10 = 0
= 1 612 + 14@ = 1 # 26 = 13 118.The tenth term of an AP, is - 37 and the sum of its
2 2
first six terms is - 27 . Find the sum of its first eight
Now a1 = S1 = 5 terms.
a2 = S2 - S1 = 13 - 5 = 8
d = a2 - a1 = 8 - 5 = 3 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Now, AP is 5, 8, 11, .... an = a + ^n - 1h d
nth term, an = a + ^n - 1h d Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
= 5 + ^n - 1h 3
a + 9d =- 37 ...(1)
= 5 + ^20 - 1h^3 h
3 ^2a + 5d h =- 27
= 5 + 57
2a + 5d =- 9 ...(2)
= 62
Multiplying (1) by 2 and subtracting (2) from it, we
Hence, a2 = 62 get
117.In an AP, if the 12th term is - 13 and the sum of ^2a + 18d h - ^2a + 5d h =- 74 + 9
its first four terms is 24, find the sum of its first ten 13d =- 65
terms.
d =- 5
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Substituting the value of d in (1) we get
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . a + 9 # - 5 =- 37
a12 = a + 11d =- 13 ...(1)
a =- 37 + 45
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB a =8
2
Now S 4 = 2 62a + 3d @ = 24 Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
2a + 3d = 12 ...(2)
= 8 62 # 8 + ^8 - 1h^- 5h@ 2n = 112

2
n = 56
= 4 616 - 35@ Thus 56 th
term is - 10 and number of terms in AP
= 4 # - 19 =- 76 are 56.
Hence, Sn =- 76 Now Sn = n â + 1h
2
119.Find the sum of first seventeen terms of AP whose 4th
S56 = 56 ^100 - 10h
and 9th terms are - 15 and - 30 respectively. 2
= 56 ^90h = 56 # 45 = 2520
Let the first term be a , common difference be d and 2
n th term be an . Thus Sn = 2520
Now a 4 = a + 3d =- 15 ...(1) 121.The 16th term of an AP is five times its third term. If
a9 = a + 8d =- 30 ...(2) its 10th term is 41, then find the sum of its first fifteen
terms.
Subtracting eqn (1) from eqn (2), we obtain Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
â + 8d h - â + 3d h =- 30 - ^- 15h Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

5d =- 15 & d = - 15 =- 3
5 We have, a16 = 5a3
Substituting the value of d in (1) we get a + 15d = 5 â + 2d h
a + 3d =- 15 4a = 5d ...(1)
a + 3 ^- 3h =- 15 and a10 = 41
a =- 15 + 9 =- 6 a + 9d = 41 ...(2)
Now S17 = 17 62 # ^- 6h + ^17 - 1h^- 3h@ Solving (1) and (2), we get a = 5, d = 4
2
Now S15 = 15 62 # 5 + ^15 - 1h # 4@
= 17 6-- 12 + 16 # ^- 3h@ 2
2
= 15 610 + 56@
= 17 6- 12 - 48@ 2
2
= 15 # 66 = 15 # 33 = 495
= 17 6- 60@ = 17 # ^- 30h 2
2
Thus S15 = 495
=- 510
122.The 13th term of an AP is four times its 3rd term. If
Thus S17 =- 510
the fifth term is 16, then find the sum of its first ten
terms.
120.The common difference of an AP is - 2 . Find its sum,
if first term is 100 and last term is - 10 . Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . Here a13 = 4a3
We have a = 100, d =- 2, tn =- 10 a + 12d = 4 â + 2d h
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d 3a = 4d ...(1)
- 10 = 100 + ^n - 1h^- 2h and a5 = 16
- 10 = 100 - 2n + 2 a + 4d = 16 ...(2)

Substituting the value of a = 4 d in (2) we have 2a + 6d = 18 ...(1)

3
4 d + 4d = 16 Also, sum of next 7 terms,
3
S14 = S first7 + Snext7 = 63 + 161
16d = 48 & d = 3 14 2a + 13d = 224
26 @
Thus a = 4 and d = 3
2a + 13d = 32 (2)
Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
Subtracting equation (1) form (2) we get
S10 = 10 62 # 4 + ^10 - 1h 3@ 7d = 14 & d = 2
2
Substituting the value of d in (1) we get
= 5 68 + 27@ = 5 # 35 = 175
a =3
Thus S10 = 175
123.The nth term of an AP is given by ^- 4n + 15h . Find
the sum of first 20 terms of this AP. a28 = 3 + 2 # ^27h
= 57
Thus 28th term is 57.
We have an =- 4n + 15 125.The sum of first n terms of an AP is given by
Sn = 3n2 - 4n . Determine the AP and the 12th term.
a1 =- 4 # 1 + 15 = 11
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012]
a2 =- 4 # 2 + 15 = 7 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
a3 =- 4 # 3 + 15 = 3 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
Sn = 3n2 - 4n
d = a2 - a1 = 7 - 11 = - 4
S1 = 3 ^1 h2 - 4 ^1 h =- 1
Now, we have a = 11, d =- 4
S2 = 3 ^2 h2 - 4 ^2 h = 4
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
a1 = S1 = - 1
S20 = 20 62 # 11 + ^20 - 1h # ^- 4h@ a2 = S2 - S1 = 4 - ^- 1h = 5
2
d = a2 - a1 = 5 - ^- 1h = 6
= 10 622 - 76@
Thus AP is - 1, 5, 11, ....
= 10 # ^- 54h =- 540
Now a12 = a + 11d =- 1 + 11 # 6 = 65
Thus S20 =- 540
126.Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which
124.The sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and sum of its
are divisible by 4.
next 7 terms is 161. Find 28th term of AP
First two digit multiple of 4 is 12 and last is 96
So, a = 12, d = 4 . Let nth term be last term an = 96
Now a + ^n - 1h d = an
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
12 + ^n - 1h 4 = 96
Now, S7 = 63
^n - 1h 4 = 96 - 12 = 84
7 2a + 6d = 63
26 @ n - 1 = 21
n = 21 + 1 = 22 n ^n + 1h
= 4n - 1 #
n 2
Now, S22 = 22 612 + 96@
2
= 4n - n + 1 = 7n - 1
2 2
= 11 # 108
= 1188 Hence, sum of n terms = 7n - 1
2
127.Find the sum of the following series. 129.Find the number of multiple of 9 lying between 300
5 + ^- 41h + 9 + ^- 39h + 13 + ^- 37h + 17 + .... + and 700.
^- 5h + 81 + ^- 3h Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] The numbers, multiple of 9 between 300 and 700 are
306, 315, 324, .... 693.
The given series can be written as sum of two series
^5 + 9 + 13 + .... + 81h + n th term be an = 693
+ ^- 41h + ^- 39h + ^- 37h + ^- 35h ... ^- 5h + ^- 3h
For the series ^5 + 9 + 13 .....81h an = 306 + ^n - 1h 9
a = 5 , d = 4 and an = 81 693 = 306 + ^n - 1h 9
Now an = a + ^n - 1h d ^n - 1h 9 = 693 - 306 = 387

81 = 5 + ^n - 1h 4 n - 1 = 387 = 43
9
81 = 5 + ^n - 1h 4 n = 43 + 1 = 44
^n - 1h 4 = 76 & n = 20 Hence there are 44 terms.
Sn = 20 ^5 + 81h = 860 130.If the sum of the first 14 terms of an AP is 1050 and
2
its first term is 10 find it 20th term.
For series ^- 41h + ^- 39h + ^- 37h + ... + ^- 5h + ^- 3h
an =- 3 , a =- 41 and d = 2
an = - 41 + ^n - 1h^2 h term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
We have a = 10, and S14 = 1050
- 3 =- 41 + 2n - 2 & n = 20
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
Now Sn = 20 6- 41 + - 3@ = - 440 2
2
S14 = 14 82 # 10 + ^14 - 1h dB
Sum of the series = 860 - 440 = 420 2
128.Find the sum of n terms of the series 1050 = 7 620 + 13d @

1 2 3
b 4 - n l + b 4 - n l + b 4 - n l + ....... 20 + 13d = 1050 = 150
7
13d = 130 & d = 10
Let sum of n term be Sn
a20 = a + ^n - 1h d
sn = b 4 - 1 l + b 4 - 2 l + b 4 - 3 l + ....... up to n term
n n n
= 10 + 19 # 10 = 200
= (4 + 4 + 4 + ..... up to n terms) +
Hence a20 = 200
+ b- 1 - 2 - 3 - ...... up to n terms p
n n n 131.If the tenth term of an AP is 52 and the 17th term is
20 more than the 13th term, find AP
= (4 + 4 + 4 + .... up to n terms) +
- 1 (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... up to n terms) Let the first term be a , common difference be d and
n
n th term be an .

Now a10 = 52 134.If mth term of an AP is 1 and nth term is 1 find the
n m
a + 9d = 52 ...(1) sum of first mn terms.
Also a17 - a13 = 20
a + 16d - â + 12d h = 20 term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
4d = 20 Now am = a + ^m - 1h d = 1 ...(1)
n
d =5
an = a + ^n - 1h d = 1 ...(2)
Substituting this valued d in (1), we get m
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
a =7
1 1 m-n
Hence AP is 7, 12, 17, 22, ... ^m - n h d = n - m = mn
132.Find the sum of all odd number between 0 and 50. d = 1

mn
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt 2017]
Substituting this value of d in equation (1), we get
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . a = 1
mn
Given AP is 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ..... + 49
Let total number of terms be n. Here a = 1, d = 2
Now, Smn = mn b 2 + ^mn - 1h 1 l
and an = 49 . 2 mn mn
an = 1 + ^n - 1h # 2
= 1 + mn - 1 = 1 + mn
2 2 2 2
49 = 1 + 2n - 2
50 = 2n & n = 25 = 1 6mn + 1@
2
Hence, the sum of mn term is 12 6mn + 1@ .
Now S25 = n â + an h
2
135.How many terms of an AP 9, 17, 25, .... must be taken
= 25 ^1 + 49h to give a sum of 636?
2
= 25 # 25 = 625 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Hence, Sum of odd number is 625. term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
We have a = 9, d = 8, Sn = 636
133.Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8. Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
Let the first term be a = 8 , common difference be 636 = n 618 + ^n - 1h 8@

2
d = 8 , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn .
636 = n 69 + ^n - 1h 4@
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
636 = n ^9 + 4n - 4h
S15 = 15 62 # 8 + ^15 - 1h 8@ 636 = n ^5 + 4n h
2
636 = 5n + 4n2
= 15 616 + 112@
2
4n2 + 5n - 636 = 0
= 15 # 128 = 996 4n2 - 48n + 53n - 636 = 0
2
4n ^n - 12h + 53 ^n - 12h = 0
Hence, the sum of 15 terms is 960.
^4n + 53h^n - 12h = 0
Thus n = - 53 or 12 Now an = a + ^n - 1h d
4
98 = 14 + ^n - 1h 7
As n is a natural number n = 12 . Hence 12 terms
are required to give sum 636. 98 - 14 = 7n - 7
136.Find the number of natural numbers between 101 and 84 + 7 = 7n

999 which are divisible by both 2 and 5.
7n = 91 & n = 13
The sequence goes like 110, 120, 130, ......... 990 139.If the ratio of the 11th term of an AP to its 18th term
is 2 : 3, find the ratio of the sum of the first five term
Since they have a common difference of 10, they form
of the sum of its first 10 terms.
an AP. Let the first term be a , common difference be
d , n th term be an . Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Here a = 110, an = 990, d = 10 Let the first term be a , common difference be

an = a + ^n - 1h d d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
a11 = a + 10d = 2
990 = 110 + ^n - 1h # 10 Now
a18 a + 17d 3
990 - 110 = 10 ^n - 1h 2 â + 17d h = 3 â + 10d h
880 = 10 ^n - 1h a = 4d ...(1)
88 = n - 1
^2a + 4d h â + 2d h
5
S5 2
Now, = =
S10 62a + 9d @ 62a + 9d @
10
n = 88 + 1 = 89 2
Hence, there are 89 terms between 101 and 999 Substituting the value a = 4d we have
divisible by both 2 and 5.
= 4d + 2d = 6
or, S5
137.How many three digit natural numbers are divisible S10 8d + 9d 17
by 7?
Ans : [Board Term-2 2013] Hence S5 : S10 = 6: 17
Let AP is 105, 112, 119, ........., 994 which is divisible
140.How many three digit numbers are such that when
by 7.
divided by 7, leave a remainder 3 in each case?
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n
th term be an .
Here, a = 105, d = 112 - 105 = 7, an = 994 then When a three digit number divided by 7 and leave 3
as remainder are 101, 108, 115, ..... 997
an = a + ^n - 1h d
These are in AP. Let the first term be a , common
994 = 105 + ^n - 1h # 7 difference be d , n th term be an .
889 = ^n - 1h # 7 Here a = 101, d = 7, an = 997

n - 1 = 889 = 127
7
997 = 101 + ^n - 1h 7
n = 127 + 1 = 128
997 - 101 = 896 = ^n - 1h 7
Hence, there are 128 terms divisible by 7 in AP.
896 = n - 1
7
138.How many two digit numbers are divisible by 7?
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016] n = 128 + 1 = 129
Two digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are 14, 21, Hence, 129 numbers are divided by 7 which leaves
28, ..... 98. It forms an AP remainder is 3.
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n 141.How many multiples of 4 lie between 11 and 266?
th term be an .
Here a = 14, d = 7, an = 98

First multiple of 4 is 12 and last multiple of 4 is 264. pq 1 + pq - 1 1 = pq + 1

2 : # pq ^ h pq D
S pq = 2
It forms a AP. Let multiples of 4 be n. 2
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n 144.Find the sum of all two digits odd positive numbers.
th term be an . Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
Here, a = 12, an = 264, d = 4
The list of 2 digits odd positive numbers are 11, 13
an = a + ^n - 1h d ...... 99. It forms an AP.
264 = 12 + (n - 1) 4 Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
term be an and sum of n term be Sn
n = 264 - 12 + 1 Here a = 11, d = 2, l = 99
4
Hence, there are 64 multiples of 4 that lie between 11
and 266. 99 = 11 + ^n - 1h 2
142.Prove that the nth term of an AP can not be n2 + 1. 88 = ^n - 1h 2
Justify your answer.
n = 44 + 1 = 45
Let nth term of AP, Sn = n 6a + an@ = 45 611 + 99@

2 2
an = n 2 + 1
Sn = 45 # 110 = 2475
2
Substituting the value of n = 1, 2, 3, ..... we get
a1 = 12 + 1 = 2 Hence the sum of given AP is Sn = 2475
a2 = 22 + 1 = 5 145.Find the sum of the two digits numbers divisible by 6.

a3 = 32 + 1 = 10
Series of two digits numbers divisible by 6 is 12, 18,
The obtained sequence is 2, 5, 10, 17,......
24, ...........96. It forms an AP. Let the first term be a
Its common difference , common difference be d , n th term be an and sum of
n term be Sn
a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a 4 - a3
Here a = 12, d = 18 - 12 = 6, an = 96
5-2 =
Y 10 - 5 =
Y 17 - 10
an = a + ^n - 1h d
3 =
Y 5=
Y 7
96 = 12 + ^n - 1h # 6
Since the sequence has no. common difference, n2 + 1
is not a form of nth term of an AP 84 = 6 ^n - 1h
143.If the pth term of an AP is 1 and qth term is p1 . Prove n = 14 + 1 = 15

q
pq + 1
that the sum of first pq term of the AP is :
2 D Sn = n 6a + an@ = 15 612 + 96@
.
2 2
= 15 # 108 = 15 # 54 = 810
Let the first term be a , common difference be 2
d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
Hence the sum of given AP is 810.
146.Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200

a p = a + ^p - 1h d = 1 ...(1)
q that are divisible by 6.
and aq = a + ^q - 1h d = 1 ...(2)
p The series as per question is 102, 108, 114, ......... 198.
Solving (1) and (2) we get which is an AP.
a = 1 and d = 1 term be an and sum of n term be Sn
pq p
Here a = 102, d = 6 and l = 198
Now 198 = 102 + ^n - 1h 6 148.The first term of an AP is 3, the last term is 83 and
the sum of all its terms is 903. Find the number of
96 = ^n - 1h 6 terms and the common difference of the AP.
96 = n - 1 Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
6
First term, a =3
n = 17
Last term, an = 83
Now S17 = n â + an h
2 Sum of n terms, Sn = 903
= 17 6102 + 198@ Since, Sn = n â + an h

2 2
= 17 # 300 = 17 # 150 = 2550 903 = n ^3 + 83h

2 2
Hence the sum of given AP is 2550. 1806 = 86n
n = 1806 & n = 21
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 86
Now Sn = n 62a + `n - 1j d @
2
147.If the sum of first four terms of an AP is 40 and that
of first 14 terms is 280. Find the sum of its first n 903 = 21 62 # 3 + ^21 - 1h d @
terms. 2
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] 1806 = 21 ^6 + 20d h
Let a be the first term and d be the common difference. 6 + 20d = 86
Sum of n terms of an AP,
20d = 80 & d = 4
Sn = n 62a + ^n - 1h d @ Hence, the common difference is 4.
2
Now S 4 = 40 and S14 = 280 149.Find the common difference of the Arithmetic
Progression (AP) 1 , 3 - a , 3 - 2a , ... (a ! 0)
26 ^ h @
4 2a + 4 - 1 d = 40 a 3a 3a
2 62a + 3d @ = 40 Given AP is 1 , 3 - a , 3 - 2a , ... ...(a ! 0)

a 3a 3a
2a + 3d = 20 (1)
Here, first term, a1 = 1
a
26 ^ h @
and 14 2a + 14 - 1 d = 280
Second term, a2 = 3 - a
3a
7 62a + 13d @ = 280
2a + 13d = 40 (2) Third term, a3 = 3 - 2a
3a
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get Common difference,
a = 7 and d = 2 d = a2 - a1
Now Sn = n 62 # 7 + ^n - 1h 2@ = 3-a -1 = 3-a-3

2 3a a 3a
= n 614 + 2n - 2@ = -a = -1
2 3a 3
Here, common difference d of given AP is - 1 .
= n ^12 + 2n h = 6n + n2 3
2
150.Which term of the Arithmetic Progression
Hence, sum of n terms is 6n + n2 .

- 7, - 12, - 17, - 22, ... will be - 82 ? Is - 100 any Hence, 10 terms or 6 terms can be taken to get the
term of the AP ? Given reason for your answer. sum of AP as 180.
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] Now, sum of 6 terms,
Given AP is - 7, - 12, - 17, - 22, ... S6 = 6 62 # 45 + ^6 - 1h^- 6h@
2
Here,
= 3 ^90 - 30h
First term, a1 =- 7
= 3 # 60 = 180 Hence, verified.
Second term a2 =- 12
and sum of 10 terms,
Third term, a3 =- 17
S10 = 10 62 # 45 + ^10 - 1h^- 6h@
2
Common difference,
d = a2 - a1 =- 12 - ^- 7h = 5 ^90 - 54h
=- 12 + 7 =- 5 = 5 # 36 = 180 Hence, verified.

Here we have two values of n because d is negative.
d =- 5 There will be negative terms after some positive
Let an be the n th term of AP and it will be - 82 . terms. Thus first 6 term will give sum 180 and after
Since, an = a1 + ^n - 1h d 10 term it will be again 180 because negative term
cancel positive term.
- 82 =- 7 + ^n - 1h^- 5h Series will be : 45, 39, 33, 27, 21, 15, 9, 3, - 3 , - 9 ...
- 82 =- 7 - 5 ^n - 1h Here it may be easily seen that sum of initial 6 terms
is 180. Sum of next 4 terms is zero. Thus sum of 10
82 = 5n + 2 terms is also 180.
5n = 80 & n = 16 152.The sum of three numbers in AP is 12 and sum of
th
Hence, 16 term of AP is - 82 . Since, these numbers their cubes is 288. Find the numbers.
are not factor of 5, hence - 100 will not be a term in Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
the given AP.
Let the three numbers in AP be a - d, a, a + d.
151.How many terms of the Arithmetic Progression 45, a - d + a + a + d = 12
39, 33, ... must be taken so that their sum is 180?
Explain the double answer. 3a = 12
a =4
Given AP is 45, 39, 33, ...
Also, ^4 - d h3 + 43 + ^4 + d h3 = 288
Here, a = 45 , d = 39 - 45 =- 6 and Sn = 180
64 - 48d + 12d2 - d3 + 64 + 64 + 48d + 12d2 + d3
Now Sn = n 62a + ^n - 1h d @ = 288
2
180 = n 62 # 45 + ^n - 1h^- 6h@ 24d2 + 192 = 288

2
360 = n ^90 - 6n + 6h d2 = 4
360 = n ^96 - 6n h d =! 2
60 = n ^16 - n h The numbers are 2, 4, 6 or 6, 4,2
n2 - 16n + 60 = 0 153.Find the value of a, b and c such that the numbers

a, 7, b, 23 and c are in AP
n2 - 6n - 10n + 60 = 0
n ^n - 6h - 10 ^n - 6h = 0 Let the common difference be d .
^n - 10h^n - 6h = 0 Since a, 7, b, 23 and c are in AP, we have
n = 10 or n = 6
a+d = 7 ..(1) Solving equation (1) and (2), we get a = 1 and d = 2 .

a + 3d = 23 ...(2) Now S10 = 10 62 # 1 + ^10 - 1h^2 h@
2
Form equation (1) and (2), we get
= 5 62 + 9 # 2@
a =- 1, d = 8
= 5 62 + 18@
b = a + 2d =- 1 + 2 # 8 =- 1 + 16 = 15
= 5 # 20 = 100
c = a + 4d =- 1 + 4 # 8 =- 1 + 32 = 31
Thus a =- 1, b = 15, c = 31 156.Find b 4 - 1 l + b7 - 2 l + b10 - 3 l + ..... upto n
n n n
terms.
154.If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an AP, prove Ans : [Board Term-2 2015]
that, S30 = 3 ^S20 - S10h
Let sum of n term be Sn , then we have
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015, Foreign 2014]
sn = b 4 - 1 l + b7 - 2 l + b 40 - 3 l + ..... upto n terms.
Let the first term be a , and common n n n
difference be d .
= ^4 + 7 + 10 + ..... + n termsh - b 1 + 2 + 3 ..... + 1l
n n n
Now S30 = 30 ^2a + 29d h ...(1) = ^4 + 7 + 10 + .... + n termsh - 1 ^1 + 2 + 3 + ...n h

2 n
= 15 ^2a + 29d h = n 62 # 4 + ^n - 1h^3 h@ - 1 # n 62 # 1 + ^n - 1h^1 h@

2 n 2
3 ^S20 - S10h = 3 810 ^2a + 19d h - 5 ^2a + 9d hB
= n 68 + 3n - 3@ - 1 62 + n - 1@
= 3 620a + 190d - 10a - 45d @ 2 2
= 3 610a + 145d @ = n ^3n + 5h - 1 ^n + 1h

2 2
= 15 62a + 29d @ ...(2) 2 2
= 3n + 5n - n - 1 = 3n + 4n - 1
Hence S30 = 3 ^S20 - S10h 2 2
155.The sum of first 20 terms of an AP is 400 and sum 157.Find the 60th term of the AP 8, 10, 12, ...., if it has a
of first 40 terms is 1600. Find the sum of its first 10 total of 60 terms and hence find the sum of its last
terms. 10 terms.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Let the first term be a , common difference be
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
We have a = 8, d = 10 - 8 = 2
We know Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
an = a + ^n - 1h d
Now S20 = 20 ^2a + 19d h Now a60 = 8 + ^60 - 1h 2 = 8 + 59 # 2 = 126
2
and a51 = 8 + 50 # 2 = 8 + 100 = 108
400 = 20 ^2a + 19d h
2 Sum of last 10 terms,
400 = 10 62a + 19d @
S51 - 60 = n (a51 + a60)
2
2a + 19d = 40 (1)
= 10 (108 + 126)
Also, S 40 = 40 ^2a + 39d h 2
2
= 5 # 234 = 1170
1600 = 20 62a + 39d @
Hence sum of last 10 terms is 1170.
2a + 39d = 80 (2)

158.An arithmetic progression 5, 12, 19, ..... has 50 terms. 160.The sum of the 3rd and 7th terms of an AP is 6 and
Find its last term. Hence find the sum of its last 15 their product is 8. Find the sum of first 20 terms of
terms. the AP.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th Let the first term be a , common difference be
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
We have a = 5 , d = 12 - 5 = 7 and n = 50 We have a 3 + a7 = 6
a50 = 5 + ^50 - 1h 7
a + 2d + a + 6 d = 6
= 5 + 49 # 7 = 348
a + 4d = 3 (1)
Also the first term of the AP of last 15 terms be a36
and a 3 # a7 = 8
a36 = 5 + 35 # 7
â + 2d hâ + 6d h = 8 (2)
= 5 + 245 = 250
Substituting the value a = ^3 - 4d h in (2) we get
Now, sum of last 15 terms,
^3 - 4d + 2d h^3 - 4d + 6d h = 8
= 15 6a36 + a50@
S36 - 50
2 ^3 + 2d h^3 - 2d h = 8
9 - 4d 2 = 8
= 15 6250 + 348@
2
4d2 = 1 & d2 = 1 & d = ! 1
4 2
= 15 # 598 = 4485
2
CASE 1 : Substituting d = 1 in equation (1), a = 1.
2
Hence, sum of last 15 terms is 4485.
S20 = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
159.If the sum of first n term of an an AP is given by 2
Sn = 3n2 + 4n. Determine the AP and the nth term.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] = 20 :2 + 19 D = 115
2 2
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . Thus d = 1 , a = 1 and S20 = 115
2
We have Sn = 3n2 + 4n.
CASE 2 : Substituting d = - 1 in equation (1) a = 5
2
a1 = 3 ^1 h2 + 4 ^1 h = 7
a1 + a2 = S2 = 3 ^2 h2 + 4 ^2 h S20 = 20 ;2 # 5 + 19 # b- 1 lE
2 2
= 12 + 8 = 20
= 10 :10 - 19 D = 15
a2 = S2 - S1 = 20 - 7 = 13 2
a + d = 13 Thus d = - 1 , a = 5 and S20 = 15

2
or, 7 + d = 13 161.If the sum of first m terms of an AP is same as the
Thus d = 13 - 7 = 6 sum of its first n terms ^m = Y n h, show that the sum
of its first ^m + n h terms is zero.
Hence AP is 7, 13, 19, ....... Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Now, an = a + ^n - 1h d Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th

term be an , and sum of n term be Sn
= 7 + ^n - 1h^6 h
Now Sm = Sn
= 7 + 6n - 6 = 6n + 1
m 2a + m - 1 d = n 2a + n - 1 d
an = 6n + 1 28 ^ h B 28 ^ h B
2ma + m ^m - 1h d = 2na + n ^n - 1h d Now Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB

2
2a ^m - n h + [^m2 - n2h - m + n] d = 0
2a ^m - n h + [^m - n h^m + n h - ^m - n h] d = 0 S24 = 24 ^2 # 5 + 23 # 2h
2
^m - n h82a + ^m + n - 1h dB = 0 = 12 # 56
2a + ^m + n - 1h d = 0 6m - n =
Y 0@ Hence, S24 = 672 .
Sm + n = m + n 82a + ^m + n - 1h dB 164.Find the number of terms of the AP

2
- 12, - 9, - 6, ........, 21. If 1 is added to each term of
= m+n #0 = 0 this AP, then find the sum of all the terms of the AP
2 thus obtained.
162.If 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 ..... + n = 287, find the value of n. Ans : [Board Term-2 2013]
Ans : [Board 2020 Std, Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th term be an and sum of n term be Sn
term be an and sum of n term be Sn . We have a =- 12, d =- 9 - ^- 12h = 3
We have a = 1, d = 3 and Sn = 287 .
an = a + ^n - 1h d
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2 21 =- 12 + ^n - 1h # 3
n 2 1 + n - 1 3 = 287 21 + 12 = ^n - 1h # 3
26 # ^ h @
33 = ^n - 1h # 3
n 2 + 3n - 3 = 287
26 ^ h@ n - 1 = 11
3n2 - n = 574 n = 11 + 1 = 12
3n2 - n - 574 = 0 Now, if 1 is added to each term we have a new AP

with - 12 + 1, - a + 1, - 6 + 1......21 + 1
3n2 - 42n + 41n - 574 = 0 Now we have a = - 11, d = 3 and an = 22 and n = 12
3n ^n - 14h + 41 ^n - 14h = 0 Sum of this obtained AP,
^n - 14h^3n + 41h = 0 S12 = 12 6- 11 + 22@

2
Since negative value is not possible, n = 14
= 6 # 11 = 66
a14 = a + ^n - 1h d
Hence the sum of new AP is 66.
= 1 + 13 # 3 = 40
165.How many terms of the AP - 6, 112 , - 5, ..... are needed
163.Find the sum of first 24 terms of an AP whose nth to given the sum - 25 ? Explain the double answer.
term is given by an = 3 + 2n. Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Comptt. 2017]
AP is - 6, - 11, - 5 .......
Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th 2
term be an and sum of n term be Sn Let the first term be a , common difference be d , n th
We have a n = 3 + 2n term be an and sum of n term be Sn
Here we have a =- 6
a1 = 3 + 2 # 1 = 5
a2 = 3 + 2 # 2 = 7 d =- 11 + 6 = 1
2 1 2
a3 = 3 + 2 # 3 = 9 Sn =- 25
Thus the series is 5, 7, 9, ..... in which
Sn = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB
2
a = 5 and d = 2

- 25 = n :- 12 + ^n - 1h # 1 D Thus AP is
2 2
^x - 18d h, .... ^x - 2d h, ^x - d h, x, ^x + d h, ^x + 2d h, .......
- 24 + ^n - 1h
- 50 = n ; E ^x - 18d h
2
Sum of last three terms,
- 100 = n 6n - 25@
n2 - 25n + 100 = 0 ^x + 18d h + ^x + 17d h + ^x + 16d h = 429
3x + 51d = 429
^n - 20h^n - 5h = 0
, 225 + 51d = 429 & d = 4
n = 20, 5
First term a1 = x - 18d = 75 - 18 # 4 = 3
or, S20 = S5
Here we have got two answers because two value of a2 = 3 + 4 = 7
n sum of AP is same. Since a is negative and d is
Hence AP = 3, 7, 11, ......., 147.
positive; the sum of the terms from 6th to 20th is zero.
166.If S1, S2, S3 be the sum of n, 2n , 3n terms respectively

of an AP, prove that S3 = 3 ^S2 - S1h .
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012 ]
Let the first term be a , and common difference be d . 168.A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor,
or just roller) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle
Now S1 = n 82a + ^n - 1h dB used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in
2
the construction of roads and foundations. Similar
S2 = 2n 82a + ^2n - 1h dB rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.
2 Road rollers are frequently referred to as steamrollers,
regardless of their method of propulsion.
S3 = 3n 82a + ^3n - 1h dB
2
3 ^S2 - S1h = 3 :2n 82a + ^2n - 1h dB - n 82a + ^n - 1h dBD

2 2
= 3 9n 84a + 2 ^2n - 1h dB - 82a + ^n - 1h dBC

2
= 3 9n ^4a + 4nd - 2d - 2a - nd + d hC
2
= 3 9n ^2a + 3nd - d hC
2
= 3n 82a + ^3n - 1h dB = S3
2
RCB Machine Pvt Ltd started making road roller 10
year ago. Company increased its production uniformly
167.An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three by fixed number every year. The company produces
middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the past 800 roller in the 6th year and 1130 roller in the 9th
three terms is 429. Find the AP. year.
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] (i) What was the company’s production in first year
?
Let the middle most terms of the AP be ^x - d h, x
and ^x + d h . (a) 150
(b) 200
We have x - d + x + x + d = 225
(c) 250
3x = 225 & x = 75
(d) 290
and the middle term = 37 + 1 = 19th term (ii) What was the company’s production in the 8th
2
year ?
(a) 760 (b) 820 1350 = 250 + (n - 1) # 110

(c) 880 (d) 1020 (n - 1) 110 = 1350 - 250 = 1100
(iii) What was the company’s total production of the n - 1 = 10 & n = 11
first 6 years?
(a) 3150 (b) 1775
(c) 2250 (d) 1725
***********
(iv) What was the increase in the company’s
production every year ?
(a) 160 (b) 130 NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY TEXT BOOK
(c) 90 (d) 110 Get free PDF Of India’s Best Book with Video
(v) In which year the company’s production was 1350 Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
rollers ? Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
(a) 5 th (b) 6 th or Scan Code
(c) 11 th (d) 9 th
Ans :
(i) Let a be the production in first year and d be the
increase every year in production.
We have a6 = 800
a9 = 1130
Now, a + (6 - 1) d = 800
a + 5d = 800 ...(1)
Similarly a + 8d = 1130 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
d = 110
a = 800 - 5 # 110 = 250
(ii) Since, a = 250 and d = 110
a8 = a + (8 - 1) d
= 250 + 7 # 110 = 1020
(iii) Production in 6 th year is 800 rollers.
Sn = n [a + an] = 6 [250 + 800]

2 2
= 3 # 1050 = 3150
(iv) In part (i), we have calculated d = 110 which
is the increase every year in production. Hence, the
production increases constantly by 110 every year.
(v) Suppose company produce 1350 rollers in n th year.
Then, an = a + (n - 1) d

Chap 6 Triangles Page 147
CHAPTER 6
TRIANGLES
ONE MARK QUESTIONS Thus by AA criterion of similarity,

TKNP + TKML
1. In the given figure, DE z BC . What is the value of KN = NP
EC ? Thus
KM ML
c = x & x = ac
b+c a b+c
3. TABC is an equilateral triangle with each side of

length 2p . If AD = BC then what is the value of
AD ?
We have AB = BC = CA = 2p
and AD = BC
Since, DE z BC
AD = AE
DB EC
1.5 = 1 & EC = 2 cm
3 EC
2. What is the value of x in given figure?

In TADB , AB 2 = AD2 + BD2
(2p) 2 = AD2 + p2
AD2 = 3p
4. Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides

are ............... .
in the same ratio.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2017] 5. TABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a ,

then length of one of its altitude is ................... .
In TKPN and TKLM , +K is common and we have Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
+KNP = +KML = 46c TABC is an equilateral triangle as shown below, in

which AD = BC .
Page 148 Triangles Chap 6
In can be easily observed that above values satisfy

Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 + BC2 = AC 2
108 + 36 = 144 cm
Thus +B = 90c
8. TABC is isosceles with AC = BC . If AB2 = 2AC2 ,

then find the measure of +C .
Using Pythagoras theorem we have
AB2 = (AD) 2 + (BD) 2
We have AB2 = 2AC2
(2a) 2 = (AD) 2 + (a) 2
AB2 = AC2 + AC2
4a2 - a2 = (AD) 2
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 ( BC = AC )
(AD) 2 = 3a2
It satisfies the Pythagoras theorem. Thus according
AD = a 3 to converse of Pythagoras theorem, TABC is a right
Hence, the length of attitude is a 3 . angle triangle and +C = 90c.
6. TABC and TBDE are two equilateral triangle such

that D is the mid-point of BC . Ratio of the areas of
triangles ABC and BDE is ................. .
From the given information we have drawn the figure

as below.
9. In TABC, DE | | BC, find the value of x .
area (TABC) 3
(BC) 2 (BC) 2
= 4
=
area (TBDE) ^ 2 BC h
1 2
4
3
(BD) 2
2
= 4BC2 = 4 = 4 : 1
BC 1
7. In TABC , AB = 6 3 cm , AC = 12 cm and Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
BC = 6 cm , then +B = .................. .
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] In the given figure DE || BC , thus
We have AB = 6 3 cm, AD = AE
DB EC
AC = 12 cm and
x = x+3
BC = 6 cm x+1 x+5
Now AB2 = 36 # 3 = 108 x2 + 5x = x2 + 4x + 3
AC2 = 144 x =3
and BC2 = 36

CBSE
MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK

and Every Question
SAMPLE PAPERS

www.cbse.online
10. A ladder 10 m long reaches a window 8 m above the

ground. The distance of the foot of the ladder from 6 = 4
the base of the wall is ................ m. 4.5 QB
QB = 4 # 4.5 = 3 cm
Let AB be the height of the window above the ground 6
and BC be a ladder. Thus QB = 3 cm
12. In Figure, DE | | BC . Find the length of side AD , given

that AE = 1.8 cm, BD = 7.2 cm and CE = 5.4 cm .
Here, AB = 8 m
and AC = 10 m
In right angled triangle ABC ,

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
102 = 82 + BC2 Since DE | | BC we have

AD = AE
BC2 = 100 - 64 = 36 DB EC
BC = 6 m Substituting the values, we get
11. In the given figure, if +A = 90º, +B = 90º, OB = 4.5 AD = 1.8

7.2 5.4
cm OA = 6 cm and AP = 4 cm then find QB.
AD = 1.8 # 7.2 = 12.96 = 2.4 cm
5.4 5.4
13. In TABC, if X and Y are points on AB and AC
XB = 4 , AY = 5 and YC = 9,
respectively such that AX 3
then state whether XY and BC parallel or not.

Ans : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015]
As per question we have drawn figure given below.
In TPAO and TQBO we have

+A = +B = 90º
Vertically opposite angle,
+POA = +QOB In this figure we have
Thus TPAO ~TQBO AX = 3 , AY = 5 and YC = 9
XB 4
OA = PA
OB QB
Now AX = 3 and AY = 5 In the given figure DE || BC , thus

XB 4 YC 9
AD = AE
AX = BD EC
Since Y AY
XB YC
3 = 6
Hence XY is not parallel to BC. 4 EC
EC = 8 cm
14. In the figure, PQ is parallel to MN. If KP = 4 and
PM 13
KN = 20.4 cm then find KQ. 16. If triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF such that
2AB = DE and BC = 8 cm then find EF.
Ans :
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
Ans :
In the given figure PQ || MN , thus

KP = KQ (By BPT)
PM QN
Here we have 2AB = DE and BC = 8 cm
KP = KQ
PM KN - KQ Since TABC ~TDEF , we have
4 = KQ AB = DE
13 20.4 - KQ BC EF
4 # 20.4 - 4KQ = 13KQ AB = 2AB

8 EF
17KQ = 4 # 20.4
EF = 2 # 8 = 16 cm
KQ = 20.4 # 4 = 4.8 cm
17 17. Are two triangles with equal corresponding sides
15. In given figure DE | | BC. If AD = 3c, DB = 4c cm always similar?
and AE = 6 cm then find EC. Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Yes, Two triangles having equal corresponding

sides are are congruent and all congruent Ts
have equal angles, hence they are similar too.
18. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and

15 cm respectively. If one side of the first triangle is
9 cm, then the corresponding side of second triangle
is ................... .
Ratio of the perimeter of two similar triangles is equal

to the ratio of corresponding sides.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] Thus 25 = 9
15 side

side = 9 # 15 = 5.4 cm = 42 + 42 = 16 + 16 = 32
25
AB = 4 2 cm.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

21. In the figure of TABC, the points D and E are on
the sides CA, CB respectively such that DE | | AB,
AD = 2x, DC = x + 3, BE = 2x - 1 and CE = x.
19. In Figure +D = +E and AD = AE , prove that
DB EC Then, find x.
TBAC is an isosceles triangle.
We have, +D = +E
and AD = AE OR
DB EC
In the figure of TABC, DE | | AB. If AD = 2x,
By converse of BPT, DE < BC DC = x + 3, BE = 2x - 1 and CE = x, then find the
value of x.
Due to corresponding angles we have
+ADE = +ABC and
+AED = +ACB
Given +ADE = +AED
Thus +ABC = +ACB
Therefore BAC is an isosceles triangle.
20. In Figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at

C with AC = 4 cm , Find the length of AB .
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, 2016]
We have CD = CE
AD BE
x+3 = x
2x 2x - 1
5x = 3 or, x = 3
5
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] Alternative Method :
Since ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at C , In ABC, DE || AB , thus
AC = BC = 4 cm CD = CE
+C = 90c CA CB
Using Pythagoras theorem in TABC we have, CD = CE

CA - CD CB - CE
AB2 = BC2 + AC2
CD = CE Thus AB = BC = AC
AD BE PQ QR PR
x+3 = x z =8=4 3
2x 2x - 1 3 6 y
5x = 3 or, x = 3 z = 8 and 8 = 4 3
5 3 6 6 y
22. In an equilateral triangle of side 3 3 cm find the
length of the altitude. z = 8 # 3 and y = 4 3 # 6
6 8
z = 4 and y = 3 3
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side 3 3
cm and AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular Thus y+z = 3 3 +4
bisector of side BC. This is shown in figure given
below. 24. In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, find the length
of the altitude.
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm

and AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular
bisector of side BC. This is shown in figure given
below.
2
3 3
^3 3 h = h2 + c 2 m
2
Now
27 = h2 + 27
4
h2 = 27 - 27 = 81 Now BD = BC = 24 = 12 cm
4 4 2 2
h = 9 = 4.5 cm AB = 24 cm
2
AD = AB2 - BD2
23. In the given figure, TABC ~TPQR. Find the value
of y + z. = ^24h2 - ^12h2
= 576 - 144
= 432 = 12 3
Thus AD = 12 3 cm.
25. In TABC, AD = BC, such that AD2 = BD # CD.

Prove that TABC is right angled at A.

below.
In the given figure TABC ~TPQR ,

a2 = a a k + h2
2
In TABD,
2
2 2
h2 = a2 - a = 3a
4 4
Thus h = 3a
2
Thus 4h2 = 3a2 Hence Proved
27. In the given triangle PQR, +QPR = 90º, PQ = 24 cm

We have AD2 = BD # CD
and QR = 26 cm and in TPKR, +PKR = 90º and
AD = BD KR = 8 cm, find PK.
CD AD
Since +D = 90º , by SAS we have

TADC ~TBDA
and +BAD = +ACD;
Since corresponding angles of similar triangles are
equal
+DAC = +DBA
+BAD + +ACD + +DAC + +DBA = 180º
2+BAD + 2+DAC = 180º
In the given triangle we have
+BAD + +DAC = 90º
+QPR = 90º
+A = 90º
Thus QR2 = QP2 + PR2
Thus TABC is right angled at A.
PR = 262 - 242
26. In an equilateral triangle, prove that three times the = 100 = 10 cm
square of one side is equal to four times the square of
one of its altitudes. [Board 2020 SQP Standard] Now +PKR = 90º
or Thus PK = 102 - 82 = 100 - 64
Find the altitude of an equilateral triangle when each
of its side is a cm. = 36 = 6 cm
28. In the given figure, G is the mid-point of the side PQ
Let TABC be an equilateral triangle of side a and
of TPQR and GH | | QR. Prove that H is the mid-
AD is altitude which is also a perpendicular bisector
point of the side PR or the triangle PQR.
of side BC. This is shown in figure given below.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] east and then 24 m due north. Therefore, TAOB is
Since G is the mid-point of PQ we have a right triangle right angled at A such that OA = 10
m and AB = 24 m. We have shown this condition in
PG = GQ figure below.
PG = 1
GQ
We also have GH | | QR , thus by BPT we get

PG = PH
GQ HR
1 = PH
HR
PH = HR. Hence proved.

Hence, H is the mid-point of PR . By Pythagoras theorem,
29. In the figure, PQRS is a trapezium in which OB2 = OA2 + AB2

PQ | | RS. On PQ and RS, there are points E and F = ^10h2 + ^24h2 = 100 + 576 = 676
respectively such that EF intersects SQ at G . Prove
that EQ # GS = GQ # FS. or, OB = 676 = 26 m
Hence, the man is at a distance of 26 m from the
starting point.
(2) Pythagoras Theorem
31. In the given figure, in a triangle PQR, ST | | QR and

SQ = 5 and PR = 28 cm, find PT.
PS 3
In TGEQ and TGFS ,

Due to vertical opposite angle,
+EGQ = +FGS
Due to alternate angle,
+EQG = +FSG
Thus by AA similarity we have Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
TGEQ ~GFS We have PS = 3

SQ 5
EQ GQ
=
FS GS PS = 3
PS + SQ 3+5
EQ # GS = GQ # FS
PS = 3
30. A man steadily goes 10 m due east and then 24 m PQ 8
due north. We also have, ST | | QR , thus by BPT we get
(1) Find the distance from the starting point.
PS = PT
(2) Which mathematical concept is used in this prob- PQ PR
lem?
Ans : PT = PS # PR = 3 # 28
PQ 8
(1) Let the initial position of the man be at O and
his final position be B. The man goes to 10 m due = 10.5 cm

32. In the given figure, +A = +B and AD = BE. Show Due to the vertically opposite angles,
that DE | | AB.
+AOD = +COB
Thus by SAS similarity we have
TAOD ~TCOB
Thus +A = +C and +B = +D. because of
corresponding angles of similar triangles.
34. In the given figure, if ABCD is a trapezium in which

ED = FC
AB | | CD | | EF, then prove that AE BF
In TCAB, we have
+A = +B (1)
By isosceles triangle property we have
AC = CB
We draw, AC intersecting EF at G as shown
But, we have been given below.
AD = BE (2)
Dividing equation (2) by (1) we get,
CD = CE
AD BE
By converse of BPT,
DE | | AB. Hence Proved
33. In the given figure, OA # OB = OC # OD, show that In TCAB, GF | | AB , thus by BPT we have
+A = +C and +B = +D.
AG = BF ...(1)
CG FC
In TADC, EG | | DC , thus by BPT we have

AE = AG ...(2)
ED CG
From equations (1) and (2),

AE = BF . Hence Proved.
ED FC
35. In a rectangle ABCD, E is a point on AB such that
AE = 23 AB. If AB = 6 km and AD = 3 km, then find
DE.
We have OA # OB = OC # OD As per given condition we have drawn the figure

below.
OA = OC
OD OB
37. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB | | CD and its

diagonals intersect each other at the point O. Show
that AO = CO .
BO DO

below.
We have AE = 2 AB = 2 # 6 = 4 km
3 3
In right triangle ADE,

DE2 = ^3 h2 + ^4 h2 = 25
Thus DE = 5 km
36. In the given figure, CB | | QR and CA | | PR. If

In TAOB and TCOD, AB || CD ,
AQ = 12 cm, AR = 20 cm, PB = CQ = 15 cm,
calculate PC and BR. Thus due to alternate angles
+OAB = +DCO
and +OBA = +ODC
By AA similarity we have
TAOB ~TCOD
For corresponding sides of similar triangles we have
AO = BO
CO DO
AO = CO . Hence Proved
BO DO
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 38. In the given figures, find the measure of +X.
In TPQR, CA || PR
By BPT similarity we have
PC = RA
CQ AQ
PC = 20
15 12
PC = 15 # 20 = 25 cm
12
In TPQR, CB || QR
Thus PC = PR
CQ BR
25 = 15
15 BR
BR = 15 # 15 = 9 cm
25

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 40. ABC is a right triangle right angled at C. Let BC = a,
From given figures, CA = b, AB = c PQR, ST || QR and p be the length of
perpendicular from C to AB . Prove that cp = ab .
PQ
= 4.2 = 1 ,
ZY 8.4 2
PR = 3 3 = 1
ZX 6 3 2
QR
and = 7 =1
YX 14 2
QP QR
Thus = PR =
ZY ZX YX
By SSS criterion we have

TPQR ~TZYX Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Thus +X = +R In the given figure CD = AB, and CD = p
= 180º - ^60º + 70ºh = 50° Area, TABC = 1 # base # height
2
Thus +X = 50º
= 1 # AB # CD = 1 cp
39. In the given figure, PQR is a triangle right angled 2 2
at Q and XY | | QR. If PQ = 6 cm, PY = 4 cm and
PX: XQ = 1: 2. Calculate the length of PR and QR. Also,Area of TABC = 1 # BC # AC = 1 ab
2 2
Thus 1 cp = 1 ab
2 2
cp = ab Proved
41. In an equilateral triangle ABC, AD is drawn

perpendicular to BC meeting BC in D. Prove that
AD2 = 3BD2 .
In TABD, from Pythagoras theorem,
Since XY || OR , by BPT we have

PX = PY
XQ YR
1 = PY
2 PR - PY
= 4
PR - 4
PR - 4 = 8 & PR = 12 cm
In right TPQR we have AB2 = AD2 + BD2
QR2 = PR2 - PQ2 Since AB = BC = CA , we get
= 122 - 62 = 144 - 36 = 108 BC2 = AD2 + BD2,
Thus QR = 6 3 cm Since = is the median in an equilateral T, BC = 2BD
^2BD h2 = AD + BD We have DE z BC
2 2
4BD2 - BD2 = AD2 By BPT, AD = AE

DB EC
3BD2 = AD2
2.4 = AE
42. In the given figure, if AB | | DC, find the value of x. AB - AD AC - AE
2.4 = AE
3.2 - 2.4 8 - AE
2.4 = AE
0.8 8 - AE
3 = AE
8 - AE
3 AE
=
1+3 8 - AE + AE
3 AE
4 = 8 & AE = 6 cm
We know that diagonals of a trapezium divide each 44. A ladder 25 m long just reaches the top of a building
other proportionally. Therefore 24 m high from the ground. What is the distance of
the foot of ladder from the base of the building?
OA = BO
OC OD Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Let AB be the building and CB be the ladder. As per

x+5 = x-1
x+3 x-2 information given we have drawn figure below.
^x + 5h^x - 2h = ^x - 1h^x + 3h
x2 - 2x + 5x - 10 = x2 + 3x - x - 3
x2 + 3x - 10 = x2 + 2x - 3
3x - 10 = 2x - 3
3x - 2x = 10 - 3 & x = 7
Thus x = 7 .
Here AB = 24 m
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS CB = 25 m
and +CAB = 90c
43. In Figure, in TABC , DE z BC such that AD = 2.4 cm, By Pythagoras Theorem,
AB = 3.2 cm and AC = 8 cm, then what is the length
of AE ? CB2 = AB2 + CA2
or, CA2 = CB2 - AB2
= 232 - 242
= 625 - 576 = 49
Thus CA = 7 m
Hence, the distance of the foot of ladder from the
building is 7 m.
45. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on

the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side

of BC . If AC and BD intersect at P , prove that AC2 = AB # AD

AP # PC = BP # DP .
62 = AB # 3
Let TABC , and TDBC be right angled at A and D AB = 36 = 12 cm

3
respectively.
As per given information in question we have drawn 47. If P and Q are the points on side CA and CB
the figure given below. respectively of TABC , right angled at C , prove that
ÂQ2 + BP2h = ÂB2 + PQ2h
In 3 BAP and 3 CDP we have

+BAP = +CDP = 90c
and due to vertical opposite angle
+BPA = +CPD Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
By AA similarity we have In right angled triangles ACQ and PCB

3 BAP ` 3 CDP
AQ2 = AC 2 + CQ2 ...(1)
BP = AP
Therefore PC PD and BP 2 = PC 2 + CB2 ...(2)
Adding eq (1) and eq (2), we get
AP # PC = BP # PD Hence Proved
AQ2 + BP2 = ÂC 2 + CQ2h + ^PC 2 + CB 2h
46. In the given figure, if +ACB = +CDA , AC = 6 cm
= ÂC 2 + CB2h + ^PC 2 + CQ2h
and AD = 3 cm, then find the length of AB .
Thus AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 Hence Proved
48. In Figure, in TABC , DE z BC such that AD = 2.4 cm,

AB = 3.2 cm and AC = 8 cm, then what is the length
of AE ?
In TABC and TACD we have

+ACB = +CDA [given]
+CAB = +CAD [common]
By AA similarity criterion we get
TABC + TACD
AB = BC = AC Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Thus
AC CD AD
We have DE z BC
Now AB = AC
AC AD By BPT, AD = AE
DB EC
2.4 = AE
AB - AD AC - AE
2.4 = AE
3.2 - 2.4 8 - AE
2.4 = AE
0.8 8 - AE
3 = AE
8 - AE
3 AE Here AB = 24 m
=
1+3 8 - AE + AE
CB = 25 m
3 AE
4 = 8 & AE = 6 cm and +CAB = 90c
By Pythagoras Theorem,
49. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on
the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side CB2 = AB2 + CA2
of BC . If AC and BD intersect at P , prove that
AP # PC = BP # DP . or, CA2 = CB2 - AB2
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] = 252 - 242
Let TABC , and TDBC be right angled at A and D = 625 - 576 = 49
respectively.
As per given information in question we have drawn Thus CA = 7 m
the figure given below. Hence, the distance of the foot of ladder from the
building is 7 m.
51. In the given figure, if +ACB = +CDA , AC = 6 cm

and AD = 3 cm, then find the length of AB .
In 3 BAP and 3 CDP we have

+BAP = +CDP = 90c
and due to vertical opposite angle
+BPA = +CPD
By AA similarity we have
In TABC and TACD we have
3 BAP ` 3 CDP
+ACB = +CDA [given]
BP = AP
Therefore PC PD +CAB = +CAD [common]
By AA similarity criterion we get
AP # PC = BP # PD Hence Proved
TABC + TACD
50. A ladder 25 m long just reaches the top of a building
Thus AB = BC = AC
24 m high from the ground. What is the distance of CD
AC AD
the foot of ladder from the base of the building?
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Now AB = AC
AC AD
Let AB be the building and CB be the ladder. As per
information given we have drawn figure below. AC2 = AB # AD
62 = AB # 3

AB = 36 = 12 cm Area of equilateral triangle 3 BCE ,

3
area (T BCE) = 3 a2
52. If P and Q are the points on side CA and CB 4
respectively of TABC , right angled at C , prove that
Area of equilateral triangle 3 ACF ,
ÂQ2 + BP2h = ÂB2 + PQ2h
area (3 ACF) = 3 ( 2 a) 2 = 3 a 2
4 2
area (TACF)
Now, =2
area (TBCE)
area (TACF) = 2area (TBEC)
area (TBEC) = 1 area (TACF) Hence Proved.

2
54. TABC is right angled at C. If p is the length of the
perpendicular from C to AB and a, b, c are the lengths
of the sides opposite +A, +B and +C respectively,
then prove that 12 = 12 + 12 .
p a b
In right angled triangles ACQ and PCB Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]

AQ2 = AC 2 + CQ2 ...(1)
below.
and BP 2 = PC 2 + CB2 ...(2)
Adding eq (1) and eq (2), we get
AQ2 + BP2 = ÂC 2 + CQ2h + ^PC 2 + CB 2h
= ÂC 2 + CB2h + ^PC 2 + CQ2h
Thus AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 Hence Proved
53. Prove that area of the equilateral triangle described

on the side of a square is half of this area of the
equilateral triangle described on its diagonal.
Ans : [Board 2018, 2015]
As per given condition we have drawn the figure In TACB and TCDB , +B is common and
below. Let a be the side of square.
+ABC = +CDB = 90º
Because of AA similarity we have
TABC ~TCDB
Now b =c
p a
1 = c
p ab
1 = c2
p2 a2 b2
By Pythagoras theorem, 1 = a2 + b2 (c2 = a2 + b2)

p2 a2 b2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
1 = 1 +1 Hence Proved
= a2 + a2 = 2a2 p2 a2 b2
AC = 2a 55. In TABC, DE | | BC. If AD = x + 2, DB = 3x + 16,
AE = x and EC = 3x + 5, them find x. AB2 = AE2 + BE2

= AD2 - DE2 + ^BD - DE h2
below. = AD2 - DE2 + BD2 + DE2 - 2BD # DE
= AD2 + BD2 - 2BD # DE ...(1)
In TAEC, we have
AC2 = AE2 + EC2
= (AD2 - ED2) + ÊD + DC h2
= AD2 - ED2 + ED2 + DC2 + 2ED # DC
= AD2 + CD2 + 2ED # CD
= AD2 + DC2 + 2DC # DE ...(2)
In the give figure AB2 + AC2 = 2 ÂD2 + BD2h (BD = DC )
DE || BC
= 2AD2 + 2 b 1 BC l
2
( BD = 12 BC )
2
By BPT we have
AD = AE = 2AD2 + 1 BC2 Hence Proves
DB EC 2
57. From an airport, two aeroplanes start at the same
x+2 = x
3x + 16 x3 + 5 time. If speed of first aeroplane due North is 500 km/h
and that of other due East is 650 km/h then find the
^x + 2h^3x + 5h = x ^3x + 16h distance between the two aeroplanes after 2 hours.
3x2 + 5x + 6x + 10 = 3x2 + 16x
11x + 10 = 16x below.
11x + 10 = 10
5x = 10 & x = 2
56. If in TABC, AD is median and AE = BC, then prove

that AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 1 BC2 .
2

below.
Distance covered by first aeroplane due North after

two hours,
y = 500 # 2 = 1, 000 km.
Distance covered by second aeroplane due East after
two hours,
x = 650 # 2 = 1, 300 km.
In TABE, using Pythagoras theorem we have Distance between two aeroplane after 2 hours
NE = ON2 + OE2 = ^1000h2 + ^1300h2

= 1000000 + 1690000 AO = BO ...(1)

CO DO
= 2690000 = 1640.12 km
In TABD, EO || AB
58. In the given figure, ABC is a right angled triangle,
By BPT we have
+B = 90º. D is the mid-point of BC. Show that
AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2 . AE = BO ...(2)
ED DO
From equation (1) and (2), we get

AE = AO
ED CO
In TADC, AE = AO
ED CO
EO || DC (Converse of BPT)
EO || AB (Construction)
AB || DC
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] Thus in quadrilateral ABCD we have

AB AB CD
We have BD = CD = BC
2
Thus ABCD is a trapezium. Hence Proved
BC = 2BD
60. In the given figure, P and Q are the points on the
Using Pythagoras theorem in the right TABC, we sides AB and AC respectively of TABC, such that
have AP = 3.5 cm, PB = 7 cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6 cm.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + (2BD) 2 If PQ = 4.5 cm, find BC.
= AB2 + 4BD2 = ÂB2 + BD2h + 3BD2

AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2
59. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral divide each other

proportionally, prove that it is a trapezium.
As per given condition we have drawn quadrilateral

ABCD, as shown below.
We have redrawn the given figure as below.
We have drawn EO | | AB on DA.

In quadrilateral ABCD, we have
AO = CO
BO DO
We have AP = 3.5 = 1 AP = AB Hence Proved

AB 10.5 3 DQ DE
AQ
and =3=1 (2) Since TABC ~TDEF
AC 9 3
+A = +D
In TABC, AP = AQ and +A is common.
AB AC and +C = +F
Thus due to SAS we have 2+3 = 2+4
TAPQ ~TABC +3 = +4
AP = PQ By AA similarity we have
AB BC
TCAP ~TFDQ
1 = 4.5
3 BC 62. In the given figure, DB = BC, DE = AB and
AC = BC. Prove that BE = AC .
BC = 13.5 cm. DE BC
61. In given figure TABC~TDEF. AP bisects +CAB

and DQ bisects +FDE.
Prove that : As per given condition we have redrawn the figure

below.
(1) AP = AB
DQ DE
(2) TCAP~TFDQ.
As per given condition we have redrawn the figure

below.
We have DB = BC, DE = AB and AC = BC.

In TABC, +C = 90º , thus
+1 + +2 = 90º
(1) Since TABC~TDEF But we have been given,
+A = +D (Corresponding angles) +2 + +3 = 90º
2+1 = 2+2 Hence +1 = +3
Also +B = +E (Corresponding angles)

In TABC and TBDE, 64. In the given figure, two triangles ABC and DBC
lie on the same side of BC such that PQ | | BA and
+1 = +3 PR | | BD. Prove that QR | | AD.
and +ACB = +DEB = 90º
Thus by AA similarity we have
TABC ~TBDE
Thus AC = BE . Hence Proved

BC DE
63. In the given figure, TABC and TABC and TDBC

are on the same base BC. AD and BC intersect at O.
ar ^TABC h
Prove that = AO .
ar ^TDBC h DO
In TABC, we have PQ | | AB and PR | | BD .

By BPT we have
BP = AQ ...(1)
PC QC
Again in TBCD, we have

Ans : [Board 2020 OD STD, 2016, 2011]
PR || BD
As per given condition we have redrawn the figure
below. Here we have drawn AM = BC and DN = BC. By BPT we have
BP = DR (by BPT) ...(2)
PC RC
AQ
= DR
QC RC
By converse of BPT,
PR || AD Hence proved
65. The perpendicular AD on the base BC of a TABC

intersects BC at D so that DB = 3CD. Prove that
In TAOM and TDON, 2 (AB) 2 = 2 (AC) 2 + BC2 .
+AOM = +DON Ans : [Board Term-1 2011, 2012, 2016]
(Vertically opposite angles) As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
+AMO = +DNO = 90º (Construction)
or, TAOM ~TDON (By AA similarity)
Thus AO = AM ...(1)
DO DN
ar ^TABC h 1
# BC # AM
Now, = 2
ar ^TDBC h 1
2 # BC # DN
= AM = AO From equation (1)

DN DO
Here DB = 3CD Thus TAPE ~TABD
BD = 3 BC PE = AE ...(1)
4 BD AD
DC = 1 BC Similarly, TAQE ~TACD

4
QE
In TADB, we have or, = AE ...(2)
CD AD
AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(1) From equation (1) and (2) we have
2 2 2
In TADC, AC = AD + CD ...(2) PE = QE
BD CD
Subtracting equation (2) from (1), we get
As CD = BD , we get
AB2 - AC2 = BD2 - CD2
PE = QE
Since DB = 3CD we get BD BD
AB2 - AC2 = b 3 BC l - b 1 BC l
2 2
4 4 PE = QE
2 Hence, AD bisects PQ .
= 9 BC2 - 1 BC2 = BC
16 16 2
67. In the given figure, BL and CM are medians of TABC,
2 ÂB - AC h = BC
2 2 2 right angled at A. Prove that 4 ^BL2 + CM2h = 5BC2 .
2 ÂB h2 = 2AC2 + BC2 Hence Proved
66. In a TABC, let P and Q be points on AB and

AC respectively such that PQ | | BC. Prove that the
median AD bisects PQ.

below.
We have a right angled triangle TABC at A

where BL and CM are medians.
In TABL, BL2 = AB2 + AL2
2
= AB2 + b AC l (BL is median)
2
In TACM, CM2 = AC2 + AM2

The median AD intersects PQ at E. 2
= AC2 + b AB l (CM is median)
We have, PQ || BE 2
+ApE = +B and +AQE = +C 2 2

Now BL2 + CM2 = AB2 + AC2 + AC + AB
4 4
(Corresponding angles)
Thus in TAPE and TABD we have 4 ^BL2 + CM2h = 5AB2 + 5AC2
+APE = +ABD = 5 ÂB2 + AC2h
+PAE = +BAD (common) = 5BC2 Hence Proved

68. In the given figure A, B and C are points on OP, OQ By BPT BD = BF ...(2)
and OR respectively such that AB | | PQ and DA FE
AC | | PR. Prove that BC | | QR. From (1) and (2), we have
BF = BE .
FE EC
70. In the given figure, find the value of x in terms of a, b
and c.
In TPOQ, AB || PQ
By BPT AO = OB ...(1)
AP BQ In triangles LMK and PNK, +K is common and
In TOPR, AC || PR, +M = +N = 50º
By BPT OA = OC (2) Due to AA similarity,

AP CR
TLMK ~TPNK
From equations (1) and (2), we have
LM = KM
OB = OC PN KN
BQ CR
By converse of BPT we have a =b+c
x c
BC || QR Hence Proved
x = ac
69. In the given figure, DE | | AC and DF | | AE. Prove b+c
that BE = BE .
FE EC 71. In the given figure, BC | | PQ and BC = 8 cm,
PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6.5 cm AP = 2.8 cm Find CA and
AQ.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2012]
In TABC, DE || AC, (Given)
By BPT BD = BE ...(1)
DA EC Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
In TABE, DF || AE, (Given) In TABC and TAPQ, AB = 6.5 cm, BC = 8 cm,
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PQ = 4 cm and AP = 2.8 cm.

We have BC || PQ
Due to alternate angles
+CBA = +AQP
Due to vertically opposite angles,
+BAC = +PAQ
Due to AA similarity,
TABC ~TAQP Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
AB = BC = AC
AQ QP AP In right TADC,
6.5 = 8 = AC AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(1)

AQ 4 AP In right TADB,
AQ = 6.5 = 3.25 cm AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(2)
2
AC = 2 # 2.5 = 5.6 cm
AB2 - AC2 = BD2 - CD2
72. In the given figure, AB = AC. E is a point on CB
produced. If AD is perpendicular to BC and EF AB2 + CD2 = AC2 + BD2 .
perpendicular to AC , prove that TABD is similar
to TCEF. 74. In the given figure, CD | | LA and DE | | AC. Find the
length of CL, if BE = 4 cm and EC = 2 cm.

In TABC, DE || AC, BE = 4 cm and EC = 2 cm
In TABD and TCEF, we have BD = BE
By BPT ...(1)
DA EC
AB = AC
In TABL, DC || AL
Thus +ABC = +ACB
By BPT BD = BC ...(2)
+ABD = +ECF DA CL
+ADB = +EFC (Each 90º) From equations (1) and (2),
Due to AA similarity BE = BC
EC CL
TABD ~TECF Hence proved
4 = 6 & CL = 3 cm
73. In the given figure, if AD = BC, prove that 2 CL
AB2 + CD2 = BD2 + AC2 .

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 76. In the figure, +BED = +BDE and E is the mid-
point of BC . Prove that AF = AD .
CF BE
75. In the given figure, DEFG is a square and
+BAC = 90c. Show that FG2 = BG # FC .
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.
Ans : [Board 2019 Comp.]
We have redrawn the given figure as below. Here

CG | | FD .
In TADE and TGBD , we have

+DAE = +BGD [each 90c]
+ADE = +GDB
Thus by AA similarity criterion,
TADE + TGBD
Now, in TADE and TFEC ,
+EAD = +CFE [each 90c]
We have +BED = +BDE
+AED = +FCE
Since E is mid-point of BC ,
BE = BD = EC ...(1)
TADE + TFEC
In TBCG , DE || FG
Since TADE + TGBD and TADE + TFEC we
have From (1) we have
TGBD + TFEC BD = BE = 1
DG EC
Thus GB = GD
FE FC
BD = DG = EC = BE
Since DEFG is square, we obtain,
In TADF, CG || FD
BG = FG
FG FC By BPT AG = AC
GD CF
Therefore FG2 = BG # FC Hence Proved
AG + GD = AF + CF lengths of sides of each triangle.

GD CF
, AD = AF
GD CF
Thus AF = AD
CF BE
77. In Figure DEFG is a square in a triangle ABC right
angled at A. Prove that
(i) TAGF + TDBG (ii) TAGF + TEFC
Since TABC + TDEF , we have

AB = DE
BC EF
2x - 1 = 18
2x + 2 3x + 9
(2x - 1) (3x + 9) = 18 (2x + 2)

(2x - 1) (x + 3) = 6 (2x + 2)
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi, OD Basic]
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below. 2x2 - x + 6x - 3 = 12x + 12

2x2 + 5x - 12x - 15 = 0
2x2 - 7x - 15 = 0
2x2 - 10x + 3x - 15 = 0
2x (x - 5) + 3 (x - 5) = 0
(x - 5) (2x + 3) = 0 & x = 5 or x = - 3
2
Here ABC is a triangle in which +BAC = 90c and But x = - 3 is not possible, thus x = 5 .
2
DEFG is a square.
(i) In TAGF and TDBG Now in TABC , we get
+GAF = +BDG (each 90c) AB = 2x - 1 = 2 # 5 - 1 = 9
Due to corresponding angles, BC = 2x + 2 = 2 # 5 + 2 = 12
+AGF = +GBD AC = 3x = 3 # 5 = 15
and in TDEF , we get
DE = 18
TAGF + TDBG Hence Proved
EF = 3x + 9 = 3 # 5 + 9 = 24
(ii) In TAGF and TEFC ,
DE = 6x = 6 # 5 = 30 .
+GAF = +CEF (each 90c)
Due to corresponding angles, 79. In TABC, the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB
are D , E and F respectively. Find ratio of ar (TDEF)
+AFG = +FCE to ar ^TABC.h
As per given condition we have given the figure below.
TAGF + TEFC Hence Proved
Here F, E and D are the mid-points of AB, AC and
BC respectively.
78. In Figure, if TABC + TDEF and their sides of
lengths (in cm) are marked along them, then find the

ABNM is rectangle. MNCD is also a rectangle.

Here, PM = AD and PN = BC ,
AM = BN and MD = NC ...(1)
Now, in TAMP , PA2 = AM2 + MP2 ...(2)
2 2 2
In TPMD , PD = MP + MD ...(3)
In TPNB , PB2 = PN2 + BN2 ...(4)
In TPNC , PC2 = PN2 + NC2 ...(5)
From equation (2) and (5) we obtain,
Hence, FE | | BC, DE | | AB and DF | | AC PA2 + PC2 = AM2 + MP2 + PN2 + NC2

By mid-point theorem, Using equation (1) we have
If DE || BA then DE || BF PA2 + PC2 = BN2 + MP2 + PN2 + MD2
and if FE || BC then FE || BD = (BN2 + PN2) + (MP2 + MD2)
Therefore FEDB is a parallelogram in which DF is
diagonal and a diagonal of parallelogram divides it Using equation (3) and (4) we have
into two equal Areas. PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2
Hence ar ^TBDF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(1)
81. In Figure , +ACB = 90c and CD = AB , prove that
Similarly ar ^TCDE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(2) CD2 = BD # AD .
^TAFE h = ar ^TDEF h ...(3)
^TDEF h = ar ^TDEF h ...(4)

Adding equation (1), (2), (3) and (4), we have
ar ^TBDF h + ar ^TCDE h + ar ^TAFE h + ar ^TDEF h
= 4ar ^TDEF h
ar ^TABC h = 4ar ^TDEF h
ar ^TDEF h Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
=1
ar ^TABC h 4
In TACB we have
80. In a rectangle ABCD , P is any interior point. Then
prove that PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2 . +ACB = 90c
and CD = AB
As per information given we have drawn figure below.
Thus AB2 = CA2 + CB2 ...(1)
In TCAD , +ADC = 90c, thus we have
CA2 = CD2 + AD2 ...(2)
and in TCDB , +CDB = 90c, thus we have
CB2 = CD2 + BD2 ...(3)
Here P is any point in the interior of rectangle ABCD.
We have drawn a line MN through point P and CA2 + CB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
parallel to AB and CD .
Substituting AB2 from equation (1) we have
2 2 2 2
We have to prove PA + PC = PB + PD
AB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
Since AB z MN , AM z BN and +A = 90c, thus
AB2 - AD2 = BD2 + 2CD2 XZ = PQ are drawn. Prove that XZ2 = PZ # ZQ.
ÂB + AD hÂB - AD h = BD2 + 2CD2

ÂB + AD h BD - BD2 = 2CD2
BD 6ÂB + AD h - BD@ = 2CD2
BD 6AD + ÂB - BD h@ = 2CD2
BD 6AD + AD@ = 2CD2
BD # 2AD = 2CD2
CD2 = BD # AD Hence Proved
82. Prove that the sum of squares on the sides of a

rhombus is equal to sum of squares of its diagonals. Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] We have redrawn the given figure as below.
Let, ABCD is a rhombus and we know that diagonals
of a rhombus bisect each other at 90º.
It may be easily seen that RQ = PQ and XZ = PQ

or XZ || YQ .
Similarly XY || ZQ
Since +PQR = 90c, thus XYQZ is a rectangle.
Now AO = OC & AO2 = OC2
In TXZQ, +1 + +2 = 90º ...(1)
BO = OD & BO2 = OD2
and in TPZX, +3 + +4 = 90º ...(2)
and +AOB = 90º
XQ = PR or, +2 + +3 = 90º ...(3)
AB2 = OA2 + BO2 = x2 + y2
From eq. (1) and (3), +1 = +3
Similarly, AD2 = OA2 + OD2 = x2 + y2
From eq. (2) and (3), +2 = +4
CD2 = OC2 + OD2 = x2 + y2
CB2 = OC2 + OB2 = x2 + y2
TPZX ~TXZQ
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + DA2 = 4x2 + 4y2
PZ = XZ
= ^2x h2 + ^2y h2 XZ ZQ
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = AC2 + BD2 XZ2 = PZ # ZQ Hence proved
Hence Proved
84. In TABC, if +ADE = +B, then prove that
83. TPQR is right angled at Q . QX = PR, XY = RQ and TADE ~TABC.
Also, if AD = 7.6 cm, AE = 7.2 cm, BE = 4.2 cm and

BC = 8.4 cm, then find DE. Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Since BC and OX bisect each other, BXCO is a

parallelogram. Therefore BE | | XC and BX | | CF .
In TABX, by BPT we get,
AF = AO ..(1)
FB OX
In TAXC, AE = AO ...(2)
EC OX
From (1) and (2) we get

AF = AE
FB EC
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] By converse of BPT we have
In TADE and TABC, +A is common. EF || BC
and we have +ADE = +ABC From (1) we get OX = FB

OA AF
OX + OA = FB + AF
TADE ~TABC OA AF
AD = DE AX = AB
AB BC OA AF
AD AO = AF
= DE
AE + BE BC AX AB
7.6 = DE Thus AO : AX = AF : AB Hence Proved

4.2 + 4.2 8.4
86. ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonal AC makes an
DE = 7.6 # 8.4 = 5.6 cm angle a with AB. If cos a = 23 and OB = 3 cm, find
11.4
the length of its diagonals AC and BD .
85. In TABC, AD is a median and O is any point on AD.
BO and CO on producing meet AC and AB at E
and F respectively. Now AD is produced to X such
that OD = DX as shown in figure.
Prove that :
(1) EF | | BC
(2) AO : AX = AF : AB
We have cos a = 2 and OB = 3 cm

3
In TAOB, cos a = 2 = AO
3 AB
Let OA = 2x then AB = 3x
Now in right angled triangle TAOB we have
AB2 = AO2 + OB2
^3x h2 = ^2x h2 + ^3 h2 ^h + d - x h2 - ^x + h h2 = d
2
9x2 = 4x2 + 9 ^h + d - x - x - h h^h + d - x + x + h h = d

2
5x2 = 9 ^d - 2x h^2h + d h = d
2
x = 9 = 3 2hd + d2 - 4hx - 2xd = d2

5 5
2hd = 4hx + 2xd
Hence, OA = 2x = 2 c 3 m = 6 cm
5 5 = 2 ^2h + d h x
hd
and AB = 3x = 3 c 3 m = 9 cm or, x =
2h + d
5 5
Diagonal BD = 2 # OB = 2 # 3 = 6 cm 88. In TABC, AD is the median to BC and in TPQR, PM
is the median to QR. If AB = BC = AD . Prove that
and AC = 2AO PQ QR PM
TABC~TPQR .
Ans :
= 2 # 6 = 12 cm
[Board Term-1 2012, 2013]
5 5 As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
87. In the right triangle, B is a point on AC such that
AB + AD = BC + CD. If AB = x, BC = h and
CD = d, then find x (in term of h and d).
In TABC AD is the median, therefore

BC = 2BD
and in TPQR , PM is the median,
We have AB + AD = BC + CD QR = 2QM
AD = BC + CD - AB AB = AD = BC
Given,
PQ PM QR
AD = h + d - x
or, AB = AD = 2BD
In right TACD, we have PQ PM 2QM
AD2 = AC2 + DC2 In triangles ABD and PQM,
^h + d - x h2 = ^x + h h2 + d AB = AD = BD
2
PQ PM QM

90. In the given figure, D and E trisect BC. Prove that

By SSS similarity we have 8AE2 = 3AC2 + 5AD2 .
TABD ~TPQM
By CPST we have
+B = +Q,
In TABC and TPQR,
AB = BC
PQ QR
By SAS similarity we have
+B = +Q,
Thus TABC ~TPQR. Hence Proved.
89. In the following figure, TFEC , TGBD and Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
+1 = +2 . Prove that TADE , TABC. As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
Since TFEC , TGBD

Since D and E trisect BC , let BD = DE = EC be x .
EC = BD ...(1)
Then BE = 2x and BC = 3x
Since +1 = +2 , using isosceles triangle property
In TABE , AE2 = AB2 + BE2 = AB2 + 4x2 ...(1)
AE = AD ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2), we have In TABC , AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + 9x2 ...(2)
AE = AD In TADB , AD2 = AB2 + BD2 = AB2 + x2 ...(3)
EC BD
Multiplying (2) by 3 and (3) by 5 and adding we have
DE || BC, (Converse of BPT)
3AC2 + 5AD2 = 3 ÂB2 + 9x2h + ÂB2 + x2h
= 3AB2 + 27x2 + 5AB2 + 5x2
+1 = +3 and +2 = +4
= 8AB2 + 32x2
Thus in TADE and TABC,
= 8 (AB2 + 4x2) = 8AE2
+A = +A
Thus 3AC2 + 5AD2 = 8AE2 Hence Proved
+1 = +3
+2 = +4 91. Let ABC be a triangle D and E be two points on side
AB such that AD = BE. If DP | | BC and EQ | | AC,
Thus by AAA criterion of similarity,
then prove that PQ | | AB.
TADE~TABC Hence proved Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
below.
In TAEB and TABC +A common and

+E = +B (each 90º)
In TABC, DP || BC By AA similarity we have
AD = AP , TAEB ~TABC
By BPT we have ...(1)
DB PC AE = AB
AB AC
Similarly, in TABC , EQ || AC
BQ AB2 = AE # AC
= BE ...(2)
QC EA Now, in TCEB and TCBA, +C is common and
From figure, EA = AD + DE +E = +B (each 90º)
= BE + ED ( BE = AD ) By AA similarity we have
= BD TAEB ~TCBA
Therefore equation (2) becomes, CE = BC
BC AC
BQ
= AD ...(3)
QC BD BC2 = CE # AC ...(2)
From (1) and (3), we have
AP = BQ
PC QC AB2 + BC2 = AE # AC + CE # AC
By converse of BPT, = AC (AE + CE)
PQ || AB Hence Proved = AC # AC
Thus AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Hence proved
92. Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two (2) As per given condition we have drawn the figure
sides. [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, 2019 Delhi, 2018] below. Here ABCD is a rhombus.
or
Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two
sides. Using the above result, prove that, in rhombus
ABCD, 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 .
Ans : [Board Term -2 SQP 2017, 2015]
(1) As per given condition we have drawn the figure

below. Here AB = BC .
We have drawn BE = AC
We have drawn diagonal AC and BD .

AO = OC = 1 AC 2+Q = 180º - x
2
+Q = 180º - x
2
and BO = OD = 1 BD
2 In TABC and TPQR,
AC = BD +A = +P [Given]
Since diagonal of rhombus bisect each other at right +B = +Q [From eq. (1) and (2)]
angle,
+AOB = 90º
TABC ~TPQR
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
ar ^TABC h 2
= AD2
2
= b AC l + b BD l
2
Now
2 2 ar ^TPQRh PE
2 2 16 = AD2
= AC + BD 25 PE2
4 4
or 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 Hence proved 4 = AD

5 PE
93. Vertical angles of two isosceles triangles are equal. If AD = 4
their areas are in the ratio 16 : 25, then find the ratio Thus
PE 5
of their altitudes drawn from vertex to the opposite
94. In the figure, ABC is a right triangle, right angled at
side.
B. AD and CE are two medians drawn from A and
C respectively. If AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 2 5 cm, find
As per given condition we have drawn the figure the length of CE.
below.

Here +A = +P +B = +C and +Q = +R
Let +A = +P be x .
In TABC, +A + +B + +C = 180º
x + +B + +B = 180º (+B = +C )
2+B = 180º - x
+B = 180º - x ...(1)
2
Now, in TPQR ,
+P + +Q + +R = 180º (+Q = +R )
x2 + +Q + +Q = 180º
Here in TABC, +B = 90º , AD and CE are two In TADE,

medians.
area ^TADE h = 1 # AE # DN ...(1)
Also we have AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 5
2 . 2
In TDEC,
By Pythagoras theorem we get
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = ^5 h2 = 25 ...(1) area ^TDCE h = 1 # CE # DN ...(2)
2
In TABD, AD2 = AB2 + BD2 Dividing equation (1) by (2) we have,
area ^TADE h
2
3 5 BC2
c 2 m = AB + 4
1
2 # AE # DN
= 2
area ^TDEC h 1
2 # CE # DN
45 = AB2 + BC2 ...(2) area ^TADE h
4 4 or, = AE ...(3)
area ^TDEC h CE
2
In TEBC, CE2 = BC2 + AB ..(3) Now in TADE,
4
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), area ^TADE h = 1 # AD # EM ...(4)

2
3BC2 = 25 - 45 = 55 and in TDEB,
4 4 4
area ^TDEB h = 1 # EM # BD ...(5)
2
BC = 55
2
...(4)
3
Dividing eqn. (4) by eqn. (5),
From equation (2) we have area ^TADE h 1
# AD # EM
= 2
area ^TDEB h 1
# BD # EM
AB + 55 = 45
2 2
12 4
area ^TADE h
or, = AD ...(6)
AB = 45 - 55 = 20
2 area ^TDEB h BD
4 12 3
Since TDEB and TDEC lie on the same base DE
From equation (3) we get and between two parallel lines DE and BC.
area ^TDEB h = area ^TDEC h
CE2 = 55 + 20 = 240 = 20
3 3#4 12
From equation (3) we have
Thus CE = 20 = 2 5 cm.
area ^TADE h
= AE ...(7)
95. If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to area ^TDEB h CE
intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the
From equations (6) and (7) we get
other two sides are divided in the same ratio. Prove it.
Ans : [Board 2019 OD, SQP 2020 STD, 2012] AE = AD . Hence proved.
CE BD
A triangle ABC is given in which DE | | BC. We have
96. In a right triangle ABC, right angled at C. P and Q
drawn DN = AE and EM = AD as shown below.
are points of the sides CA and CB respectively, which
We have joined BE and CD.
divide these sides in the ratio 2 : 1.
Prove that : 9AQ2 = 9AC2 + 4BC2
9BP2 = 9BC2 + 4AC2
9 ÂQ2 + BP2h = 13AB2
Ans :
below.

Also, BE = 4
EC 3
Thus EF || AB | | CD
AF = BE = 4
FD EC 3
In TBGE and TBDC, +B is common and due to
corresponding angles,
+BEG = +BCD
Due to AA similarity we get
Since P divides AC in the ratio 2 : 1 TBGE ~TBDC

EG = BE
CP = 2 AC ,
CD BC
...(1)
3
and Q divides CB in the ratio 2 : 1 As, BE = 4
EC 3
QC = 2 BC
3 BE = 4 =4
BE + EC 4+3 7
AQ2 = QC2 + AC2
BE = 4 ...(2)
= 4 BC2 + AC2 BC 7
9
From (1) and (2) we have
or, 9AQ2 = 4BC2 + 9AC2 ...(1)
EG = 4
Similarly, we get CD 7
9BP2 = 9BC2 + 4AC2 ...(2)
, EG = 4 CD ...(3)
7
9 ÂQ2 + BP2h = 13AB2 Similarly, TDGF ~TDBA
DF = FG
97. In a trapezium ABCD, AB || DC and DC = 2AB. DA AB
EF = AB, where E and F lies on BC and AD
BE
respectively such that EC = 43 diagonal DB intersects FG = 3
AB 7
EF at G. Prove that, 7EF = 11AB.
Ans :
FG = 3 AB
[Board Term-1 2012]
...(4)
7
below. AF 4 BE EC 3 DE
:AD = 7 = BC & BC = 7 = DA D
EG + FG = 4 DC + 3 AB
7 7
EF = 4 # ^2AB h + 3 AB
7 7
= 8 AB + 3 AB = 11 AB
7 7 7
7EF = 11AB Hence proved.

In trapezium ABCD,
98. Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC
AB || DC and DC = 2AB. are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR
and median PM of another triangle PQR. Show that
TABC~TPQR. By SAS similarity, we have

TABC ~TPQR Hence Proved
It is given that in TABC and TPQR, AD and PM
are their medians, 99. In TABC, AD = BC and point D lies on BC such
that 2DB = 3CD. Prove that 5AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 .
such that AB = AD = AC
PQ PM PR Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
We have produce AD to E such that AD = DE and It is given in a triangle TABC, AD = BC and point
produce PM to N such that PM = MN. We join CE D lies on BC such that 2DB = 3CD.
and RN. As per given condition we have drawn the As per given condition we have drawn the figure
figure below. below.
Since 2DB = 3CD

DB = 3
In TABD and TEDC, CD 2
Let DB be 3x, then CD will be 2x so BC = 5x .
AD = DE (By construction)
Since +D = 90º in TADB, we have
+ADB = +EDC (VOA)
AB2 = AD2 + DB2 = AD2 + ^3x h2
BD = DC (AD is a median)
= AD2 + 9x2
By SAS congruency
5AB2 = 5AD2 + 45x2
TABD , TEDC
5AD2 = 5AB2 - 45x2 ...(1)
AB = CE (By CPCT)
and AC2 = AD2 + CD2 = AD2 + ^2x h2
Similarly, PQ = RN and +A = +2
= AD2 + 4x2
AB = AD = AC (Given)
PQ PM PR 5AC2 = 5AD2 + 20x2
, CE = 2AD = AC 5AD2 = 5AC2 - 20x2 ...(2)

RN 2PM PR
Comparing equation (1) and (2) we have
CE = AE = AC
RN PN PR 5AB2 - 45x2 = 5AC2 - 20x2
By SSS similarity, we have 5AB2 = 5AC2 - 20x2 + 45x2
TAEC ~TPNR = 5AC2 + 25x2
+3 = +4 = 5AC2 + ^5x h2
+1 = +2 = 5AC2 + BC2 [ BC = 5x ]
+1 + +3 = +2 + +4 Therefore 5AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 Hence proved

100.Find the length of the second diagonal of a rhombus, with twice the square of median bisecting it.
whose side is 5 cm and one of the diagonals is 6 cm. If AD is the median,
Ans : [Board 2010] 2
AB2 + AC2 = 2 &AD2 + BC 0
As per given condition we have drawn the figure 4
below.
2 ÂB2 + AC2h = 4AD2 + BC2 ...(1)
Similarly by taking BE and CF as medians,
2 ÂB2 + BC2h = 4BE2 + AC2 ...(2)
and 2 ÂC2 + BC2h = 4CF2 + AB2 ...(3)
Adding, (1), (2) and (iii), we get
3 ÂB2 + BC2 + AC2h = 4 ÂD2 + BE2 + CF2h
Hence proved
102. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC =

10 cm BC = 12 cm PQRS is a rectangle inside the
isosceles triangle. Given PQ = SR = y, PS = PR = 2x
3y
We have AB = BC = CD = AD = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm . Prove that x = 6 - .
4
Ans : [Board 2008]
Since AO = OC , AO = 3 cm
Here TAOB is right angled triangle as diagonals of As per given condition we have drawn the figure
rhombus intersect at right angle. below.
By Pythagoras theorem,
OB = 4 cm.
Since DO = OB, BD = 8 cm, length of the other
diagonal = 2 (BO) where BO = 4 cm
Hence BD = 2 # BO = 2 # 4 = 8 cm
101.Prove that three times the sum of the squares of the

sides of a triangle is equal to four times the sum of the
squares of the medians of the triangle.
Ans : [Board 2009]

Here we have drawn AL = BC.
below.
Since it is isosceles triangle, AL is median of BC ,
BL = LC = 6 cm.
In right TALB, by Pythagoras theorem,
AL2 = AB2 - BL2
= 102 - 62 = 64 = 82
Thus AL = 8 cm.
In TBPQ and TBLA, angle +B is common and
+BPQ = +BLA = 90º
Thus by AA similarity we get
In triangle sum of squares of any two sides is equal
to twice the square of half of the third side, together TBPQ ~+BLA
PB = BL Let QR = b , then we have

PQ AL
A = ar ^TPQRh
6-x = 6
y 8 = 1 # b # PQ
2
3y
x = 6- Hence proved.
4 PQ = 2 $ A ...(1)
b
103.If TABC is an obtuse angled triangle, obtuse angled
at B and if AD = CB. Prove that : Due to AA similarity we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD TPNQ ~TPQR
PQ NQ
As per given condition we have drawn the figure = ...(2)
PR QR
below.
From TPQR
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
4A2 + b2 = PR2
b2
PR = 4A2 + b 4
b2
Equation (2) becomes
In TADB, by Pythagoras theorem 2A NQ
=
2
AB = AD + BD 2 2
...(1) b # PR b
In TADC, By Pythagoras theorem, NQ = 2A

PR
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 = AD2 + ^BC + BD h2
Altitude, NQ = 2Ab Hence Proved.
2 2
= AD + BC + 2BC # BD + BD 2
4A2 + b 4
= ÂD2 + BD2h + 2BC # BD 105.In given figure +1 = +2 and TNSQ ~TMTR, then
prove that TPTS ~TPRO.
Substituting ÂD + BD h = AB we have
2 2 2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD
104.If A be the area of a right triangle and b be one of the

sides containing the right angle, prove that the length
of the altitude on the hypotenuse is 2Ab .
b 4 + 4A2
Ans : [Board 2008]

below.
We have TNSQ , TMTR

By CPCT we have
+SQN = +TRM
From angle sum property we get
+P + +1 + +2 = +P + +PQR + +PRQ

+1 + +2 = +PQR + +PRQ
Since +1 = +2 and +PQR = +PRQ we get
2+1 = 2+PQR
+1 = +PQR
Also +2 = +QPR (common)
Thus by AAA similarity,
TPTS ~TPRQ
106.In an equilateral triangle ABC, D is a point on the side (i) If after 2 second, length of shadow is 1 meter,
BC such the BD = 13 BC. Prove that 9AD2 = 7AB2 . what is the height of Rohan ?
Ans : [Board 2018, SQP 2017] (a) 145 cm (b) 120 cm
As per given condition we have shown the figure (c) 150 cm (d) 175 cm
below. Here we have drawn AP = BC . (ii) What is the minimum time after which his shadow
will become larger than his original height?
(a) 1 sec (b) 2 sec
(c) 3 sec (d) 4 sec
(iii) What is the distance of Rohan from pole at this
point ?
(a) 2 m (b) 1 m
(c) 3 m (d) 4 m
(iv) What will be the length of his shadow after 4
seconds?
(a) 2 m (b) 1 m
(c) 3 m (d) 4 m
Here AB = BC = CA and BD = 1 BC. (v) Which similarity criterion is used in solving the
3
above problem
In TADP, (a) SAS similarity criterion
AD2 = AP2 + DP2 = AP2 + ^BP - BD h2 (b) AA similarity criterion
= AP2 + BP2 + BD2 + 2BP $ BD (c) SSS similarity criterion

(d) none of these
From TAPB using AP2 + BP2 = AB2 we have
Ans :
AD = AB + b 1 BC l - 2 b BC lb BC l
2
2 2
3 2 3 (i) As per question statement we make the diagram
at following.
2 2
= AB2 + AB - AB = 7 AB2
9 3 9
9AD2 = 7AB2 Hence Proved
107.Rohan is very intelligent in maths. He always try to

relate the concept of maths in daily life. One day he is
walking away from the base of a lamp post at a speed At t = 2 seconds, BD = 2 # 1 = 2 m
of 1 m/s. Lamp is 4.5 m above the ground.
DE = 1 m
Since, ABE ` TCDE stands at a certain distance so that he can see the top
AB = BE = BD + DE of the pole reflected from the mirror. Ramesh’s
CD DE DE eye level is 1.5 m above the ground. The
distance of Ramesh and the pole from the
or, 4.5 = 2 + 1 = 3 mirror are 1.8 m and 6 m respectively.
CD 1
CD = 4.5 = 1.5 m = 150 cm

3
(ii) At point where shadow is equal to her height,
CD = DE = 1.5 m
AB = BE = BD + DE
CD DE DE
4.5 = BD + 1.5 (i) Which criterion of similarity is applicable to
1.5 1.5 similar triangles?
(a) SSA (b) ASA
4.5 = BD + 1.5
(c) SSS (d) AA
BD = 4.5 - 1.5 = 3 m
(ii) What is the height of the pole?
Time to reach at BD , t = 3 = 3 sec (a) 6 metres (b) 8 metres
1
Thus (c) is correct option. (c) 5 metres (d) 4 metres
(iii) As calculated in part (ii) we have BD = 3 m (iii) If angle of incidence is i , which of the following is
correct relation?
(a) tan i = 56 (b) tan i = 56
(iv) After 4 sec, BD = 1 # 4 = 4
(c) tan i = 53 (d) tan i = 53
AB = BE = BD + DE
CD DE DE (iv) Now Ramesh move behind such that distance
between pole and Ramesh is 13 meters. He place
4.5 = 4 + DE mirror between him and pole to see the reflection
1.5 DE of light in right position. What is the distance
between mirror and Ramesh ?
3DE = 4 + DE & DE = 2 m
(a) 7 metres (b) 3 metres
(c) 5 metres (d) 4 metres
(v) We have used AA similarity criterion.
Thus (b) is correct option. (v) What is the distance between mirror and pole?
(a) 9 metres (b) 8 metres
108.The law of reflection states that when a ray of light
reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to (c) 12 metres (d) 10 metres
the angle of reflection. Ans :
(i) Since angle of incidence and angle of reflection are
the same, we draw the figure as given below.
Ramesh places a mirror on level ground to determine

the height of a pole (with traffic light fired on it). He

Now +AMB = +CMD 109.Tania is very intelligent in maths. She always try to
relate the concept of maths in daily life. One day she
Also, +ABM = +CDM = 90c plans to cross a river and want to know how far it is
So, by AA similarity criterion, to the other side. She takes measurements on her side
of the river and make the drawing as shown below.
TAMB + TCDM
(ii) As TABM + TCDM we obtain,
AB = BM
CD DM
AB = 5
1.8 1.5
AB = 6 # 1.5 = 5 m
1.8
Thus, the height of the pole is 5 metres.
(iii) From the geometry of diagram we have
(i) Which similarity criterion is used in solving the
+MCD = i above problem
MD (a) SAS similarity criterion
tan +MCD = CD
(b) AA similarity criterion
1.8 6
tan i = 1.5 = 5 (c) SSS similarity criterion
Thus (b) is correct option. (d) none of these
(iv) On the basis of given information we have drawn (ii) Consider the following statement :
the figure as follows: S1 : +ACB = +DCE
S2 : +BAC = +CDE
Which of the above statement is/are correct.
(a) S1 and S2 both (b) S1
(c) S2 (d) None
(iii) Consider the following statement :
S3 : AB = CA
DE CD
S 4 : BC = AB
CE DE
S5 : CA = DE
CD AB
Once again due to AA similarity criterion, Which of the above statements are correct ?
TAMB + TCDM (a) S3 and S5 (b) S 4 and S5
5 (c) S3 and S 4 (d) All three
= 1.5
13 - x x
(iv) What is the distance x across the river?
1 = 0.3 (a) 96 ft (b) 48 ft
13 - x x
(c) 24 ft (d) 16 ft
x = 3.9 - 0.3x (v) What is the approximate length of AD shown in
1.3x = 3.9 & x = 3 the figure?
(a) 120 ft (b) 160 ft
(v) Distance between mirror and pole, (c) 140 ft (d) 100 ft
= 13 - x = 13 - 3 = 10 m Ans :
(i) We have used AA similarity criterion. (i) What is the shape of the window that is uncovered?
Thus (b) is correct option. (a) Right triangle
(ii) Here, +ABC = +DEC (90c each) (b) Equilateral triangle
Since vertical opposite angle are equal, (c) Isosceles triangle
+ACB = +DCE (d) Rectangle
Thus due to AA similarity criterion, (ii) What will be the ratio of two sides of each curtain
(other than hypotenuse) ?
TABC ` TDEC
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 2 : 3
and +BAC = +CDE (c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 : 2
Therefore both are correct.
(iii) What are the dimensions of the window ?
(a) 40 cm # 80 cm (b) 20 cm # 60 cm
(iii) Since TABC and TDEC are similar triangle,
(c) 80 cm # 120 cm (d) 40 cm # 120 cm
AB = BC = CA
DE CE CD (iv) What will be the perimeter of the window ?
(a) 200 cm (b) 100 cm
Here S5 is not correct because AB = CA
DE CD (c) 400 cm (d) 450 cm
(v) How much window area is covered by the curtains?
(iv) We have AB = BC
DE CE (a) 50 % (b) 75 %
60 = 50 & x = 48 ft (c) 25 % (d) 80 %
x 40
Thus (b) is correct option. Ans :
(v) AC = 602 + 502 = 6100 = 71.8 (i) It is isosceles triangle.

CD = 402 + 482 = 3904 = 62.5 (ii) Let 2x be the width of window, then 3x will be
AD = AC + CD = 71.8 + 62.5 height of window because ratio is 2 : 3. Now width of
single curtain will be x because it is half of window.
= 140.6 (Approx) . 140 Length of single curtain is equal the height of window.
Thus (c) is correct option. Thus ratio is 3xx = 13
110.Rani wants to make the curtains for her window as
shown in the figure. The window is in the shape of (iii) Area, 9600 = 2x # 3x = 6x2
a rectangle, whose width and height are in the ratio
x2 = 9600 = 1600
2 : 3 . The area of the window is 9600 square cm. 6
x = 1600 = 40 cm
Width, 2x = 80 cm
Length, 3x = 120 cm
(iv) Perimeter,
P = 2 (80 + 120) = 400 cm
(v)Area of both curtains = 2 # b 1 # 40 # 120 l

2
= 40 # 120 = 4800
Window area = 4800 # 100 = 50%

9600

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111.The centroid is the centre point of the object. It is (iii) What is the distance of point A from point J?
also defined as the point of intersection of all the three 2AG 3AG
(a) 3 (b) 4
medians. The median is a line that joins the midpoint
of a side and the opposite vertex of the triangle. The AG AG
(c) 3 (d) 2
centroid of the triangle separates the median in the
ratio of 2 : 1. It can be found by taking the average of (iv) What is the distance GJ ?
x- coordinate points and y-coordinate points of all the AG AG
(a) 3 (b) 4
vertices of the triangle. 2AG AG
(c) 3 (d) 2
See the figure given below
(v) Which of the following concept has been used in
solving problem ?
(a) SSS Similarity
(b) Basic Proportionality theorem
(c) Pythagoras theorem
(d) None of the above
Ans :
(i) AF = h
h
HF = 4
Here D, E and F are mid points of sides BC , AC
h 3h
and AB in same order. G is centroid, the centroid AH = AF - HF = h - 4 = 4
divides the median in the ratio 2 : 1 with the larger Thus (c) is correct option.
part towards the vertex. Thus AG : GD = 2 : 1 (ii) Here AF is the median to BC from A in 3 ABC
On the basis of above information read the question and G is centroid Thus AG = 23 AF
below. Thus (a) is correct option.
If G is Centroid of 3 ABC with height h and J is
centroid of 3 ADE . Line DE parallel to BC , cuts (iii) From part (ii)
the 3 ABC at a height h4 from BC . HF = h4 . 2
AG = 3 AF
3
AF = 2 AG
Now AH is median to DE from A in 3 ADE
2
Thus AJ = 3 AH Since DE BC ,
3
From part (i) AH = 4 AF
2 3
Thus AJ = 3 # 4 AF
= 2 # 3 # 3 AG = 3 AG
3 4 2 4
(iv) GJ = AG - AJ
(i) What is the length of AH ?
h 2h = AG - 3 AG = 1 AG
(a) 2 (b) 3 4 4
3h h (v) We have not used any of the above principal.
(c) 4 (d) 4
(ii) What is the distance of point A from point G ?
2AF 3AF
(a) 3 (b) 2
AF AF
(c) 3 (d) 2 ***********
Page 188 Coordinate Geometry Chap 7
CHAPTER 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
ONE MARK QUESTIONS 3. If the point P (6, 2) divides the line segment joining
A (6, 5) and B (4, y) in the ratio 3 : 1 then what is the
value of y ?
1. Find a point P on x -axis equidistant from the points Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
A (- 1, 0) and B (5, 0).
As per given information in question we have drawn
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] the figure below,
Let the position of the point P on x -axis be (x, 0),
then
PA2 = PB2
Here, x1 = 6 , y1 = 5
(x + 1) 2 + (0) 2 = (5 - x) 2 + (0) 2
and x2 = 4 y2 = y
x2 + 2x + 1 = 25 + x2 - 10x
my2 + ny1
2x + 10x = 25 - 1 Now y =
m+n
12x = 24 & x = 2 3#y+1#5
2 =
Hence, the point P (x, 0) is (2, 0). 3+1
Alternative : 3y + 5
You may easily observe that both point A (- 1, 0) 2 =
4
and B (5, 0) lies on x -axis because y ordinate is zero.
Thus point P on x -axis equidistant from both point 3y + 5 = 8
must be mid point of A (- 1, 0) and B (5, 0).
3y = 8 - 5 = 3 & y = 1
-1 + 5
x= 2
=2
4. Find the distance between the points
(a cos q + b sin q, 0), and (0, a sin q - b cos q)?
2. Find the co-ordinates of the point which is reflection
of point (- 3, 5) in x -axis.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] We have x1 = a cos q + b sin q and y1 = 0
The reflection of point (- 3, 5) in x - axis is (- 3, - 5). and x2 = 0 and y2 = a sin q - b cos q
d2 = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
= (0 - a cos q - b sin q) 2 + (a sin q - b cos q - 0) 2
= (- 1) 2 (a cos q + b sin q) 2 + (a sin q - b cos q) 2
= a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q sin q +
+ a2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q - 2ab sin q cos q
= a2 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + b2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)

= a2 # 1 + b2 # 1 = a2 + b2
Thus d2 = a2 + b2
d = a2 + b2

Chap 7 Coordinate Geometry Page 189
5. If the point P (k, 0) divides the line segment joining 9. What is the distance of the point P (- 3, - 4) from
the points A (2, - 2) and B (- 7, 4) in the ratio 1 : 2, the x -axis?
then what is the value of k ? Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Point P (- 3, - 4) is 4 units from the x -axis
As per question statement figure is shown below. and 3 units from the y -axis.
10. If A ^ m3 , 5h is the mid-point of the line segment joining

the points Q (- 6, 7) and R (- 2, 3), then what is the
1 (- 7) + 2 (2) mx2 + nx1 value of m ?
k =
1+2 bx = m+n l Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Given points are Q (- 6, 7) and R (- 2, 3)

= - 7 + 4 = - 3 =- 1
3 3
Mid point A ^ m3 , 5h = b - 6 - 2 , 7 + 3 l
2 2
Thus k =- 1
= (- 4, 5)
6. Find the coordinates of a point A on y -axis, at a
distance of 4 units from x -axis and below it. Equating, m =- 4 & m =- 12
3
Because the point is 4 units down the x -axis 11. The mid-point of the line-segment AB is P (0, 4), if
i.e., co-ordinate is - 4 and on y -axis abscissa the coordinates of B are (- 2, 3) then find the co-
is 0. So, the coordinates of point A is (0, - 4) . ordinates of A.
7. What is the distance of the point (- 12, 5) from the
origin ? Let point A be (x, y) .
Ans : Now using mid-point formula,
x-2 y+3m
The distance between the origin and the point (x, y) (0, 4) = c 2 , 2
is x2 + y2 .
Therefore, the distance between the origin and point
(- 12, 5) Thus 0 = x-2 & x = 2
2
d = (- 12 - 0) 2 + (5 - 0) 2 y+3
and 4 = & y =5
2
= 144 + 25 = 169
Hence point A is (2, 5).
= 13 units
12. Find the ratio in which x -axis divides the line segment
8. What is the distance of point P (3, 4) from x -axis? joining A (2, - 3) and B (5, 6).
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Point P (3, 4) is 4 units from the x -axis and 3 units Let point P (x, 0) on x -axis divide the segment
from the y -axis. joining points A (2, - 3) and B (5, 6) in ratio k : 1
, then
m1 y2 + m2 y1
y =
m1 + m2
0 = 6k - 3
k+1
6k = 3 & k = 1
2
Therefore ratio is 1 : 2.
13. If the centre of a circle is (3, 5) and end points of a

diameter are (4, 7) and (2, y ), what is the value of y ?
Since, centre is the mid-point of end points of the 17. If three points (0, 0), (3, 3 ) and (3, l) form an
diameter. equilateral triangle, then what is the value of l ?
7+y Ans :
(3, 5) = b 4 + 2 ,
2 2 l
Let the given points are A (0, 0), B (3, 3 )
Comparing both the sides, we get and C (3, l) .
7+y Since, TABC is an equilateral triangle,
5 =
2 therefore
7 + y = 10 & y = 3 AB = AC
14. If the distance between the points A (4, p) and B (1, 0) (3 - 0) 2 + ( 3 - 0) 2 = (3 - 0) 2 + (l - 0) 2

is 5 units then what are the values of p ? 9 + 3 = 9 + l2
l2 = 3 & l = ! 3
Given, points are A (4, p) and B (1, 0).
d = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2 18. If P ` a3 , 4 j is the mid-point of the line segment joining
the points Q ^- 6, 5h and R ^- 2, 3h , then what is the
5 = (1 - 4) 2 + (0 - p) 2
value of a ?
25 = 9 + p2 Ans :
p2 = 25 - 9 = 16 Since P ` a3 , 4 j is the mid-point of the points Q ^- 6, 5h
and R ^- 2, 3h ,
p =! 4
a
d , 4n = e
- 6 - 2, 5 + 3 o
15. If the points A (4, 3) and B (x, 5) are on the circle with 3 2 2
centre O (2, 3), then what is the value of x ?
d , 4 n = ^- 4, 4h
a
Ans : 3
Since, A and B lie on the circle having centre O .
Now a =- 4 & a =- 12
OA = OB 3
(4 - 2) 2 + (3 - 3) 2 = (x - 2) 2 + (5 - 3) 2 19. If the distance between the points ^4, p h and (1, 0) is

2 5, then what is the value of p ?
2 = (x - 2) + 4
Ans :
4 = (x - 2) 2 + 4
According to the question, the distance between the
(x - 2) 2 = 0 & x = 2 points ^4, p h and (1, 0) is 5.
16. Find the point on the x -axis which is equidistant i.e., ^1 - 4h2 + ^0 - p h2 = 5
from the points A (- 2, 3) and B (5, 4) ? ^- 3h2 + p2 = 5
Ans :
9 + p2 = 5
Let P (x, 0) be a point on x -axis such that,
Squaring both the sides, we get,
AP = BP
9 + p2 = 25
2 2
AP = BP
p2 = 16 & p = ! 4
2 2 2 2
(x + 2) + (0 - 3) = (x - 5) + (0 + 4) Hence, the required value of p is ! 4 .
2 2
x + 4x + 4 + 9 = x - 10x + 25 + 16 20. If the point C (k, 4) divides the line segment joining
14x = 28 two points A (2, 6) and B (5, 1) in ratio 2 : 3, the value
of k is ......... .
x =2 Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Hence required point is (2, 0).
We have m :n = 2 : 3

By section formula, the value of k .

mx2 + nx1 = x Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
m+n
If P (x, y) is mid point of A (3, 4) and B (k, 6), then
2 # 5 + 3 # 2 = k & k = 16 we have
Now,
2+3 5 3 + k = x and y = 4 + 6 = 10 = 5
2 2 2
21. If points A (- 3, 12), B (7, 6) and C (x, 9) are collinear,
then the value of x is ......... . Substituting above value in x + y - 10 = 0 we have
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] 3 + k + 5 - 10 = 0
2
If points are collinear, then area of triangle must be
zero. 3+k = 5
1 [x (y - y ) + x (y - y ) + x (y - y )] = 0 2
2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2
3 + k = 10 & k = 10 - 3 = 7
1 [- 3 (6 - 9) + 7 (9 - 12) + x (12 - 6)] = 0
2 25. Write the coordinates of a point P on x -axis which
is equidistant from the points A ^- 2, 0h and B ^6, 0h .
1 (9 - 21 + 6x) = 0
2 Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
Since it is equidistant from the points A (- 2, 0) and

1 (- 12 + 6x) = 0
2 B (6, 0) then
AP = BP
6x = 12 & x = 2
AP2 = BP2
22. The co-ordinate of the point dividing the line segment
joining the points A (1, 3) and B (4, 6) in the ratio Using distance formula we have
2 : 1 is ......... .
[(x - (- 2)] 2 + (0 - 0) 2 = (x + 6) 2 + (0 - 0) 2
(x + 2) 2 = (x + 6) 2
Let point P (x, y) divides the line segment joining the
points A (1, 3) and B (4, 6) in the ratio 2 : 1. x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 12x + 36
Using section formula we have
8x =- 32
m x + m x m1 y2 + m2 y1
(x, y) = c 1m2 + m 2 1 , m + m m x =- 4
1 2 1 2
Hence, required point P is (- 4, 0).

(x, y) = b 2 # 4 + 1 # 1, 2 # 6 + 1 # 3 l Alternative :
2+1 2+1
You may easily observe that both point A ^- 2, 0h
= b 8 + 1, 12 + 3 l = b 9 , 15 l = (3 , 5) and B ^6, 0h lies on x -axis because y ordinate is zero.
3 3 3 3
Thus point P on x -axis equidistant from both point
must be mid point of A ^- 2, 0h and B ^6, 0h .
23. Find the distance of a point P (x, y) from the origin.
-2 + 6
Ans : [Board 2018] x= 2
=2
Distance between origin (0, 0) and point P (x, y) is 26. The ordinate of a point A on y-axis is 5 and B has
d = 2
(x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) 2 co-ordinates ^- 3, 1h . Find the length of AB.
= (x - 0) 2 + (y - 0) 2
We have A ^0, 5h and B ^- 3, 1h .
= x2 + y2
Distance between A and B ,
Distance between P and origin is x2 + y2 .
AB = ^x2 - x1h2 + ^y2 - y1h2
24. If the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
A (3, 4) and B (k, 6) is P (x, y) and x + y - 10 = 0 , find = ^- 3 - 0h2 + ^1 - 5h2
= 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
27. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is 30. If the centre and radius of circle is ^3, 4h and 7 units
diameter of a circle whose centre is (2, - 3) and B is respectively,, then what it the position of the point
the point (1, 4). A ^5, 8h with respect to circle?
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] Ans : [Board Term-2 2013]
As per question we have shown the figure below. Distance of the point, from the centre,
Since, AB is the diameter, centre C must be the mid
point of the diameter of AB .
d = ^5 - 3h2 + ^8 - 4h2
= 4 + 16 = 20 = 2 5
Since 2 5 is less than 7, the point lies inside the
circle.
31. Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices ^0, 4h,

^0, 0h and ^3, 0h .
We have A ^0, 4h, B ^0, 0h, and C ^3, 0h .

Let the co-ordinates of point A be ^x, y h . AB = ^0 - 2h2 + ^0 - 4h2 = 16 = 4
x+1 = 2
^3 - 0h2 + ^0 - 0h2 =
x -coordinate of C , BC = 9 =3
2
x+1 = 4 & x = 3 CA = ^0 - 3h2 + ^4 - 0h2
y+4
and y -coordinate of C , =- 3 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
2
Thus perimeter of triangle is 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
y + 4 =- 6 & y =- 10
Hence, coordinates of point A are ^3, - 10h . 32. Locate a point Q on line segment AB such that
BQ = 75 # AB . What is the ratio of line segment in
28. Find the value of a, for which point P ^ a3 , 2h is the which AB is divided?
midpoint of the line segment joining the Points
Q ^- 5, 4h and R ^- 1, 0h .
Ans :
BQ = 5 AB
[Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
We have
7
As per question, line diagram is shown below.
BQ
= 5 & AB = 7
AB 7 BQ 5
AB - BQ
= 7-5
BQ 5
Since P is mid-point of QR , we have
AQ
=2
a = - 5 + ^- 1h = - 6 =- 3 BQ 5
3 2 2
Thus AQ : BQ = 2: 5
Thus a =- 9
33. Find the distance of the point ^- 4, - 7h from the
29. Find the perpendicular distance of A ^5, 12h from the y-axis.
y-axis. Ans : [Board Term-2 2013]
Perpendicular from point A ^- 4, - 7h on y-axis touch
Perpendicular from point A ^5, 12h on y-axis touch it it at ^0, - 7h .
at ^0, 12h . Distance between ^- 4, - 7h and ^0, - 7h is
Distance between ^5, 12h and ^0, 12h is, d = ^0 + 4h2 + ^- 7 + 7h2
d = ^0 - 5h2 + ^12 - 12h2 = 42 + 0 = 16 = 4 units
= 25
= 5 units.

34. If the distance between the points ^4, k h and ^1, 0h is 5, Since, AB is the diameter, centre C must be the mid
then what can be the possible values of k. point of the diameter of AB .
Using distance formula we have

^4 - 1h2 + ^k - 0h2 = 5
32 + k2 = 25
k2 = 25 - 9 = 16
k =! 4
Let the co-ordinates of point A be ^x, y h .
35. Find the coordinates of the point on y-axis which is
nearest to the point ^- 2, 5h . x -coordinate of C ,
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] x+3 = 2
2
Point ^0, 5h on y -axis is nearest to the point x+3 = 4 & x = 1
^- 2, 5h .
and y -coordinate of C ,
36. In what ratio does the x -axis divide the line segment y+4
=- 3
joining the points ^- 4, - 6h and ^- 1, 7h ? Find the 2
coordinates of the point of division.
y + 4 =- 6 & y =- 10
Hence, coordinates of point A is ^1, - 10h .
Let x -axis divides the line-segment joining ^- 4, - 6h
and ^- 1, 7h at the point P (x, y) in the ratio 1: k. 38. Find a relation between x and y such that the point
P ^x, y h is equidistant from the points A ^- 5, 3h and
Now, the coordinates of point of division P,
B ^7, 2h .
1 ^- 1h + k ^- 4h 1 ^7 h + k ^- 6h Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
(x, y) = ,
k+1 k+1
Let P ^x, y h is equidistant from A ^- 5, 3h and B ^7, 2h,
= - 1 - 4k , 7 - 6k then we have
k+1 k+1
AP = BP
Since P lies on x axis, therefore y = 0 , which gives
7 - 6k = 0 ^x + 5h2 + ^y - 3h2 = ^x - 7h2 + ^y - 2h2
k+1
^x + 5h2 + ^y - 3h2 = ^x - 7h2 + ^y - 2h2
7 - 6k = 0 10x + 25 - 6y + 9 =- 14x + 49 - 4y + 4
k =7 24x + 34 = 2y + 53
6
24x - 2y = 19
Hence, the ratio is 1: 7 or, 6: 7 and the coordinates of
6 Thus 24x - 2y - 19 = 0 is the required relation.
34
P are b- , 0 l .
13
39. The x -coordinate of a point P is twice its y-coordinate.
If P is equidistant from Q ^2, - 5h and R ^- 3, 6h , find
the co-ordinates of P.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS Ans : [Board Term-2 2016]
Let the point P be ^2y, y h . Since PQ = PR , we have

37. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is
diameter of the circle whose centre is ^2, - 3h and B ^2y - 2h2 + ^y + 5h2 = ^2y + 3h2 + ^y - 6h2
is the point ^3, 4h . ^2y - 2h2 + ^y + 5h2 = ^2y + 3h2 + ^y - 6h2
- 8y + 4 + 10y + 25 = 12y + 9 - 12y + 36
As per question we have shown the figure below.
2y + 29 = 45 Now, y co-ordinate,
y =8 2 ^3 h + 1 ^- 4h
k = = 6-4 = 2
2+1 3 3
Hence, coordinates of point P are ^16, 8h
42. If the point P ^x, y h is equidistant from the points
40. Find the ratio in which y -axis divides the line segment
Q â + b, b - a h and R â - b, a + b h , then prove that
joining the points A ^5, - 6h and B ^- 1, - 4h . Also find
bx = ay .
the co-ordinates of the point of division.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, OD 2016]
Let y -axis be divides the line-segment joining We have PQ = PR

A ^5, - 6h and B ^- 1, - 4h at the point P ^x, y h in the
8x - â + b hB + 8y - ^b - a hB
2 2
ratio AP : PB = k : 1
Now, the coordinates of point of division P, 8x - â - b hB + 8y - ^b + a hB
2 2
=
k ^- 1h + 1 ^5 h k ^- 4h + 1 ^- 6h
(x, y) = e , o
k+1 k+1
= b - k + 5 , - 4k - 6 l
k+1 k+1
Since P lies on y axis, therefore x = 0 , which gives

5-k = 0 & k = 5
k+1
Hence required ratio is 5: 1,
- 4 ^5 h - 6 - 13
Now y = =
6 3
Hence point on y -axis is ^0, - 133 h .

8x - â + b hB + 8y - ^b - a hB
2 2
41. Find the ratio in which the point ^- 3, k h divides the

line segment joining the points ^- 5, - 4h and ^- 2, 3h . = 8x - â - b hB2 + 8y - â + b hB2
Also find the value of k .
- 2x (a + b) - 2y (b - a) = - 2x (a - b) - 2y (a + b)
2x (a + b) + 2y (b - a) = 2x (a - b) + 2y (a + b)
2x (a + b - a + b) + 2y (b - a - a - b) = 0
2x (2b) + 2y (- 2a) = 0
xb - ay = 0
bx = ay Hence Proved
Let AB be divides by P in ratio n: 1.
x co-ordinate for section formula 43. Prove that the point ^3, 0h , ^6, 4h and ^- 1, 3h are the
vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle.
^- 2h n + 1 ^- 5h Ans :
-3 = [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
n+1
We have A ^3, 0h , B ^6, 4h and C ^- 1, 3h
- 3 ^n + 1h =- 2n - 5
Now AB2 = ^3 - 6h2 + ^0 - 4h2
- 3n - 3 =- 2n - 5
= 9 + 16 = 25
5 - 3 = 3n - 2n
BC2 = ^6 + 1h2 + ^4 - 3h2
2 =n
= 49 + 1 = 50
Ratio n = 2 or 2: 1
1 1 CA2 = ^- 1 - 3h2 + ^3 - 0h2

= 16 + 9 = 25 53 - 4t = 45 + 4t
AB2 = CA2 or, AB = CA 8t = 8
Hence triangle is isosceles. t =1
45. Find the ratio in which the point P ^ 34 , 125 h divides the
line segment joining the point A ^ 12 , 32 h and ^2, - 5h .
Let P divides AB in the ratio k: 1. Line diagram is

shown below.
Also, 25 + 25 = 50
k (2) + 1 ( 12 )
or, AB2 + CA2 = BC2 Now =3
k+1 4
Since Pythagoras theorem is verified, therefore
triangle is a right angled triangle. 8k + 2 = 3k + 3
44. If A ^5, 2h , B ^2, - 2h and C ^- 2, t h are the vertices of k =1

5
a right angled triangle with +B = 90º , then find the
1
value of t. Thus required ratio is 5 : 1 or 1:5.
46. The points A ^4, 7h , B ^p, 3h and C ^7, 3h are the vertices
As per question, triangle is shown below. of a right triangle, right-angled at B . Find the value
of p.
As per question, triangle is shown below. Here TABC

is a right angle triangle,
Now AB2 = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 2 - 2h2 = 9 + 16 = 25

BC2 = ^- 2 - 2h2 + ^t + 2h2 = 16 + ^t + 2h2
AC2 = ^5 + 2h2 + ^2 - t h2 = 49 + ^2 - t2h
Since TABC is a right angled triangle AB2 + BC2 = AC2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ^p - 4h2 + ^3 - 7h2 + ^7 - p h2 + ^3 - 3h2
49 + ^2 - t h2 = 25 + 16 + ^t + 2h2 = ^7 - 4h2 + ^3 - 4h2
49 + 4 - 4t + t2 = 41 + t2 + 4t + 4 ^p - 4h2 + ^- 4h2 + ^7 - p h2 + 0 = ^3 h2 + ^- 4h2
p2 - 8p + 16 + 16 + 49 + p2 - 14p = 9 + 16 = 2 2a
â + 3 a h + â - 3 a h
2
2p - 22p + 81 = 25 AC =
2 2
2p2 - 22p + 56 = 0 = a 2 + 2 3 a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3 a 2 + 3 a 2
p2 - 11p + 28 = 0 = 2 2a
^p - 4h^p - 7h = 0 Since AB = BC = AC , therefore ABC is an
equilateral triangle.
p = 7 or 4
49. If the mid-point of the line segment joining A 8 x2 , y +2 1B
47. If A ^4, 3h , B ^- 1, y h , and C ^3, 4h are the vertices of a and B ^x + 1, y - 3h is C ^5, - 2h , find x, y.
right triangle ABC, right angled at A, then find the
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012, Delhi 2014]
value of y .
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] If the mid-point of the line segment joining A 8 x2 , y +2 1B
and B ^x + 1, y - 3h is C ^5, - 2h , then at mid point,
As per question, triangle is shown below.
x
+x+1
2
=5
2
3x + 1 = 10
2
3x = 18 & x = 6
y+1
+y-3
Also 2
=- 2
2
y+1
+ y - 3 =- 4
2
y + 1 + 2y - 6 =- 8 & y =- 1
50. Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from

Now AB2 + AC2 = BC2 the points ^2, - 5h and ^- 2, 9h .
^4 + 1h2 + ^3 - y h2 + ^4 - 3h2 = ^3 + 1h2 + ^4 - y h2
Let the point be P ^x, 0h on the x -axis
^5h2 + ^3 - y h2 + ^- 1h2 + ^1 h2 = ^4h2 + ^4 - y h2 is equidistant from points A ^2, - 5h and
25 + 9 - 6y + y2 + 1 + 1 = 16 + 16 - 8y + y2 B ^- 2, 9h .
36 + 2y - 32 = 0 Now PA2 = PB2
2y + 4 = 0 ^2 - x h2 + ^- 5 - 0h2 = ^- 2 - x h2 + ^9 - 0h2
y =- 2 4 - 4x + x2 + 25 = 4 + 4x + x2 + 81
- 8x = 56 & x =- 7
48. Show that the points â, a h , ^- a, - a h and
`- 3 a, 3 a j are the vertices of an equilateral Thus point is ^- 7, 0h .
triangle.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] 51. Show that A ^6, 4h, B ^5, - 2h and C ^7, - 2h are the
vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Let A â, a h, B ^- a, - a h and C `- 3 a, 3 a j . Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Now AB = â + a h2 + â + a h2 We have A ^6, 4h, B ^5, - 2h, C ^7, - 2h .
^6 - 5h2 + ^4 + 2h2
2 2
= 4a + 4a = 2 2 a Now AB =
^- a + 3 a h + ^- a - 3 a h
2 2
BC = = 12 + 62 = 37
= a 2 - 2 3 a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 + 2 3 a 2 + 3 a 2 BC = ^5 - 7h2 + ^- 2 + 2h2

^- 2h2 + 0 = 2 Since diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other,

2
=
ABCD is a parallelogram.
CA = ^7 - 6h2 + ^- 2 - 4h2
54. If ^3, 2h and ^- 3, 2h are two vertices of an equilateral
= 12 + 62 = 37 triangle which contains the origin, find the third
vertex.
AB = BC = 37
Since two sides of a triangle are equal in length,
triangle is an isosceles triangle. We have A ^3, 2h and B ^- 3, 2h .
It can be easily seen that mid-point of AB is lying
52. If P ^2, - 1h, Q ^3, 4h, R ^- 2, 3h and S ^- 3, - 2h be on y-axis. Thus AB is equal distance from x-axis
four points in a plane, show that PQRS is a rhombus everywhere.
but not a square.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012] Also OD = AB
rd
Hence 3 vertex of TABC is also lying on y-axis.
We have P ^2, - 1h, Q ^3, 4h, R ^- 2, 3h , S ^- 3, - 2h
The digram of triangle should be as given below.
PQ = 12 + 52 = 26
QR = 52 + 12 = 26
RS = 12 + 52 = 26
PS = 52 + 12 = 26
Since all the four sides are equal, PQRS is a rhombus.
Now PR = 12 + 52 = 26
Let C ^x, y h be the coordinate of 3rd vertex of TABC .
2 2
= 4 +4 = 32
Now AB2 = ^3 + 3h2 + ^2 - 2h2 = 36
Y ^ 32 h
2 2 2
PQ + QR = 2 # 26 = 52 =
BC2 = ^x + 3h2 + ^y - 2h2
Since TPQR is not a right triangle, PQRS is a
rhombus but not a square. AC2 = ^x - 3h2 + ^y - 2h2
53. Show that A ^- 1, 0h, B ^3, 1h, C ^2, 2h and D ^- 2, 1h are Since AB2 = AC2 = BC2
the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
^x + 3h2 + ^y - 2h2 = 36 (1)
^x - 3h2 + ^y - 2h2 = 36 (2)
Mid-point of AC , Since P (x, y) lie on y -axis, substituting x = 0 in (1)
- 1 + 2, 0 + 2 = 1, 1 we have
b 2 2 l b2 l 32 + ^y - 2h2 = 36 - 9 = 27
Mid-point of BD , ^y - 2h2 = 36 - 9 = 27
3-2 1+1 1
b 2 , 2 l = b 2 , 1l Taking square root both side
y - 2 =! 3 3
Here Mid-point of AC = Mid-point of BD
y = 2!3 3 = ^7 h2 + ^4h2
Since origin is inside the given triangle, coordinate of = 49 + 16 = 65 units
C below the origin,
Thus length of median is 65 units.
y = 2-3 3
Hence Coordinate of C is `0, 2 - 3 3 j 57. Find the mid-point of side BC of TABC, with
A ^1, - 4h and the mid-points of the sides through A
55. Find a so that ^3, a h lies on the line represented by being ^2, - 1h and ^0, - 1h .
2x - 3y - 5 = 0 . Also, find the co-ordinates of the Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
point where the line cuts the x-axis.
Assume co-ordinates of B and C are ^x1, y1h and
Ans :
^x2, y2h respectively. As per question, triangle is shown
[Board Term-2 2012]
Since ^3, a h lies on 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 , it must satisfy below.

this equation. Therefore
2 # 3 - 3a - 5 = 0
6 - 3a - 5 = 0
1 = 3a
a =1
3
Line 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 will cut the x -axis at ^x, 0h . and
it must satisfy the equation of line.
2x - 5 = 0 & x = 5
2
5
Hence point is b , 0 l .
2
Now 2 = 1 + x1 & x1 = 3
56. If the vertices of TABC are A ^5, - 1h, B ^- 3, - 2h, 2
C ^- 1, 8h, Find the length of median through A. - 4 + y1
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] and -1 = & y1 = 2
2
Let AD be the median. As per question, triangle is
shown below. 0 = 1 + x2 & x = - 1
2
- 4 + y2
-1 = & y2 = 2
2
Thus B ^x1, y1h = ^3, 2h,

C ^x2, y2h = ^- 1, 2h
So, mid-point of BC is b 3 - 1, 2 + 2 l = ^1, 2h

2 2
58. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P
and Q respectively. If ^2, - 5h is the mid-point of PQ,
then find the coordinates of P and Q.
Since D is mid-point of BC , co-ordinates of D , Let coordinates of P be ^0, y h and of Q be ^x, 0h .

A ^2, - 5h is mid point of PQ .
(x1, y2) = b - 3 - 1, - 2 + 8 l
2 2 As per question, line diagram is shown below.
= ^- 2, 3h
AD = ^5 + 2h2 + ^- 1 - 3h2

60. In what ratio does the point P ^- 4, 6h divides the line

segment joining the points A ^- 6, 10h and B ^3, - 8h ?
Let AP : PB = k : 1
Now 3k - 6 =- 4
k+1
3k - 6 =- 4k - 4
7k = 2 & k = 2
7
Hence, AP: PB = 2 : 7
Using section formula,
61. If ^1, p3 h is the mid point of the line segment joining
0+x y+0 the points ^2, 0h and ^0, 29 h , then show that the line
^2, - 5h = b 2 + 2 l
5x + 3y + 2 = 0 passes through the point ^- 1, 3p h .
2 =x & x=4 Ans :
2
y Since ^1, p3 h is the mid point of the line segment joining
and - 5 = & y =- 10
2 the points ^2, 0h and ^0, 29 h , we have
Thus P is ^0, - 10h and Q is ^4, 0h p 0 + 29
= =1
3 2 9
59. If two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are ^3, 2h
and ^- 1, 0h and the diagonals intersect at ^2, - 5h p =1
then find the co-ordinates of the other two vertices. 3
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] Now the point ^- 1, 3p h is ^- 1, 1h .
The line 5x + 3y + 2 = 0 , passes through the point
Let two other co-ordinates be ^x, y h and ^x', y'h
respectively using mid-point formula. ^- 1, 1h as 5 ^- 5h + 3 ^1 h + 2 = 0
As per question parallelogram is shown below. 62. If the line segment joining the points A ^2, 1h and
B ^5, - 8h is trisected at the points P and Q , find the
coordinates P.
Let P ^x, y h divides AB in the ratio 1: 2

Using section formula we get
Now 2 = x+3 & x = 1 x = 1#5+2#2 = 3

2 1+2
and -5 =
2+y
& y =- 12 y = 1 # - 8 + 2 # 1 =- 2
2 1+2
- 1 + x' = 2 & x' = 5 Hence coordinates of P are ^3, - 2h .

Again,
2
63. Prove that the points ^2, - 2h, ^- 2, 1h and ^5, 2h are
0 + y' the vertices of a right angled triangle. Also find the
and =- 5 & y' =- 10
2 area of this triangle.
Hence, coordinates of C ^1, - 12h and D ^5, - 10h Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
We have A ^2, - 2h, B ^- 2, 1h and ^5, 2h m1 y2 + m2 y1

Now y =
Now using distance formula we get m1 + m2
AB2 = ^2 + 2h2 + ^- 2 - 1h2 1 # (- 3) + 1 (3)

m =
1+1
= 16 + 9 = 25
AB2 = 25 & AB = 5 . = -3 + 3 = 0
2
Thus AB = 5 . Thus m = 0 .
Similarly BC = ^- 2 - 5h + ^1 - 2h
2 2 2
65. If the point C (- 1, 2) divides internally the line
= 49 + 1 = 50 segment joining A (2, 5) and B (x, y) in the ratio 3 :4
find the coordinates of B .
BC2 = 50 & BC = 5 2
AC2 = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 2 - 2h2 From the given information we have drawn the figure
= 9 + 16 = 25 as below.
AC2 = 25 & AC = 5
Clearly AB2 + AC2 = BC2
Using section formula,
25 + 25 = 50
- 1 = m1 x2 + m2 x1
Hence the triangle is right angled, m1 + m2
Area of TABC = 1 # Base # Height - 1 = 3 # x + 4 # 2 = 3x + 8

2 3+4 7
3x + 8 =- 7
= 1 # 5 # 5 = 25 sq unit.
2 2
3x =- 15 & x =- 5
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS and 2 =
m1 y2 + m2 y1
m1 + m2
64. Find the ratio in which P (4, m) divides the segment 3y + 4 # 5 3y + 20

2 = =
joining the points A (2, 3) and B (6, - 3). Hence find 3+4 7
m. 3y + 20 = 14
Ans : [Board 2018]
3y = 14 - 20 =- 6
Let P (x, y) be the point which divide AB in k : 1
ratio. y =- 2
Hence, the coordinates of B (x, y) is (- 5, - 2).
66. Find the ratio in which the segment joining the points
^1, - 3h and ^4, 5h is divided by x -axis? Also find the
Now x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 coordinates of this point on x -axis.
m1 + m2
k (6) + 1 (2) Let the required ratio be k : 1 and the point on x -axis
4 =
k+1 be ^x, 0h .
4k + 4 = 6k + 2
6k - 4k = 4 - 2
2k = 2 & k = 1 Here, ^x1, y1h = ^1, - 3h
Thus point P divides the line segment AB in 1 : 1 and ^x2, y2h = ^4, 5h
ratio.
Using section formula y coordinate, we obtain,

my2 + ny1 AC = 3
y = We have
m+n BC 4
k # 5 + 1 # 1 ^- 3h Applying section formula for x co-ordinate,
0 =
k+1
3x + 4 ^2 h
-1 =
0 = 5k - 3 3+4
5k = 3 & k = 3 - 7 = 3x + 8 & x =- 5
5
Similarly applying section formula for y co-ordinate,
Hence, the required ratio is 3 i.e 3 : 5.
5 3y + 4 ^5 h
Now, again using section formula for x , we obtain 2 =
3+4
x = mx2 + nx1
m+n 14 = 3y + 20 & y =- 2
k # ^4 h + 1 # 1 Thus ^x, y h is ^- 5, - 2h .
x =
k+1
Now x2 + y2 = ^- 5h2 + ^- 2h2
3
^4h + 1 12 + 5
= 5
= = 17 = 25 + 4 = 29
3
5 + 1 3 + 5 8
69. If the co-ordinates of points A and B are ^- 2, - 2h
Co-ordinate of P is b 17 , 0 l . and ^2, - 4h respectively, find the co-ordinates of
8
P such that AP = 73 AB, where P lies on the line
67. Find the point on y -axis which is equidistant from the segment AB.
points ^5, - 2h and ^- 3, 2h .
We have point A = ^5, - 2h and B = ^- 3, 2h We have AP = 3 AB & AP : PB = 3: 4

7
Let C ^0, a h be point on y -axis. As per question, line diagram is shown below.
According to question, point C is equidistant from A
and B .
Thus AC = BC
Using distance formula we have
^0 - 5h2 + â + 2h2 = ^0 + 3h2 + â - 2h2 Section formula :

2
25 + a + 4 + 4a = 2
my2 + ny1
9 + a + 4 - 4a x = mx2 + nx1 and y =
m+n m+n
25 + a2 + 4 + 4a = 9 + a2 + 4 - 4a
Applying section formula we get
8a =- 16 & a =- 2 3 # 2 + 4 # ^- 2h
x = =- 2
Hence, point on y -axis is ^0 - 2h . 3+4 7
68. If the point C ^- 1, 2h divides internally the line 3 # (- 4) + 4 # ^- 2h

y = =- 20
segment joining the points A ^2, 5h and B ^x, y h in the 3+4 7
ratio 3: 4, find the value of x2 + y2 .
Ans : Hence P is b- 2 , - 20 l .
[Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] 7 7
As per question, line diagram is shown below. 70. If the distance of P ^x, y h from A ^6, 2h and B ^- 2, 6h
are equal, prove that y = 2x.
We have P ^x, y h, A ^6, 2h, B ^- 2, 6h

Now PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
^x - 6h2 + ^y - 2h2 = ^x + 2h2 + ^y - 6h2 Co-ordinates of point E ,

- 12x + 36 - 4y + 4 = 4x + 4 - 12y + 36 9 + 7 10 + 2
^x1, y1h = b 2 , 2 l = ^8, 6h
- 12x - 4y = 4x - 12y
Co-ordinates of point F ,
12y - 4y = 4x + 12x
7+1 2+4
8y = 16x ^x2, y2h = b 2 , 2 l = ^4, 3h
y = 2x Hence Proved Length, EF = ^8 - 4h2 + ^6 - 3h2

71. Find the co-ordinate of a point P on the line segment = 42 + 32
joining A ^1, 2h and B ^6, 7h such that AP = 25 AB .
= 5 units ...(1)

Length BC = ^9 - 1h2 + ^10 - 4h2
= 82 + 62
= 10 units ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2) we get
EF = 1 BC Hence proved.
2
We have AP = 2 AB & AP: PB = 2: 3
5 73. Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle ABCD, with
Section formula : vertices A ^2, - 1h, B ^5, - 1h, C ^5, 6h and D ^2, 6h are
equal and bisect each other.
my2 + nx1
x = mx2 + nx1 and y = Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
m+n m+n
Applying section formula we get As per question, rectangle ABCD, is shown below.
x = 2 # 6 + 3 # 1 = 12 + 3 = 3
2+3 5
and y = 2 # 7 + 3 # 2 = 14 + 6 = 4
2+3 5
Thus P ^x, y h = ^3, 4h
72. The co-ordinates of the vertices of TABC are A ^7, 2h,

B ^9, 10h and C ^1, 4h . If E and F are the mid-points
of AB and AC respectively, prove that EF = 12 BC .
Now AC = ^5 - 2h2 + ^6 + 1h2
Let the mid-points of AB and AC be E ^x1, y1h and
F ^x2, y2h . As per question, triangle is shown below. = 32 + 72 = 9 + 49 = 58
BD = ^5 - 2h2 + ^- 1 - 6h2
= 32 + 72 = 9 + 49 = 58
Since AC = BD = 58 the diagonals of rectangle
ABCD are equal.
Mid-point of AC , = b 2 + 5, - 1 + 6 l = b 7 , 5 l
2 2 2 2
Mid-point of BD , = b 2 + 5, 6 - 1 l = b 7 , 5 l
2 2 2 2
Since the mid-point of diagonal AC and mid-point of
diagonal BD is same and equal to ^ 75 , 52 h . Hence they
bisect each other.

74. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the 77. The vertices of TABC are A ^6, - 2h, B ^0, - 6h
points A ^3, - 3h and B ^- 2, 7h is divided by x -axis. and C ^4, 8h . Find the co-ordinates of mid-points of
Also find the co-ordinates of point of division. AB, BC and AC.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
We know that y co-ordinate of any point on the x - Let mid-point of AB, BC and AC be D ^x1, y1h,
axis will be zero. Let (x, 0) be point on x axis which E ^x2, y2h and F ^x2, y3h . As per question, triangle is
cut the line. As per question, line diagram is shown shown below.
below.
Let the ratio be k : 1. Using section formula for y co-

ordinate we have
1 ^- 3h + k ^7 h
0 =
1+k
k =3
7
Using section formula for x co-ordinate we have
Using section formula, the co-ordinates of the points
1 ^3 h + k ^- 2h 3 - 2 # 73
x = = =3 D, E, F are
1+k 1 + 73 2
For D, x1 = 6 + 0 = 3
Thus co-ordinates of point are ^ 32 , 0h . 2
75. Find the ratio in which ^11, 15h divides the line y1 = - 2 - 6 =- 4
2
segment joining the points ^15, 5h and ^9, 20h .
Ans :
x2 = 0 + 4 = 2
[Board Term-2 2014]
For E,
2
Let the two points ^15, 5h and ^9, 20h are divided in
the ratio k : 1 by point P ^11, 15h .
y2 = - 6 + 8 = 1
Using Section formula, we get 2
x = m2 x1 + m1 x2 For F , x3 = 4 + 6 = 5
m2 + m1 2
1 ^15h + k ^9 h y3 = - 2 + 8 = 3
11 = 2
1+k
The co-ordinates of the mid-points of AB, BC and
11 + 11k = 15 + 9k AC are D ^3, - 4h , E ^2, 1h and F ^5, 3h respectively.
k =2
78. Find the ratio in which the point ^- 3, p h divides the
Thus ratio is 2 : 1. line segment joining the points ^- 5, - 4h and ^- 2, 3h .
Hence find the value of p.
76. Find the point on y-axis which is equidistant from the Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
points ^5, - 2h and ^- 3, 2h .
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014, Delhi 2012]
Let point be ^0, y h .

52 + ^y + 2h2 = ^3 h2 + ^y - 2h2
or, y2 + 25 + 4y + 4 = 9 - 4y + 4
8y =- 16 or, y =- 2 Let X ^- 3, p h divides the line joining of A ^- 5, - 4h
or, Point ^0, - 2h and B ^- 2, 3h in the ratio k : 1.
The co-ordinates of p are :- 2k - 5 , 3k - 4 D 81. Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection of
k+1 k+1 the line segment joining the points A ^1, - 2h and
But co-ordinates of P are ^- 3, p h . Therefore we get B ^- 3, 4h .
- 2k - 5 =- 3 & k = 2 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
k+1 Let P ^x1, y1h, Q ^x2, y2h divides AB into 3 equal parts.
3k - 4 = p Thus P divides AB in the ratio of 1:2.
and
k+1 As per question, line diagram is shown below.
Substituting k = 2 gives
p =2
3 1 (- 3) + 2 (1)
Now x1 = = -3 + 2 = -1
Hence ratio of division is 2: 1 and p = 2 1+3 3 3
3
1 (4) + 2 (- 2)
79. Find the ratio in which the point p ^m, 6h divides the y1 = = 4-4 = 0
1+2 3
line segment joining the points A ^- 4, 3h and B ^2, 8h .
Also find the value of m. Co-ordinates of P is ^- 13 , 0h .
Here Q is mid-point of PB.
- 13 + ^- 3h
Thus x2 =
2
= - 10 = - 5
6 3
y2 = 0 + 4 = 2
2
Let the ratio be k : 1.
Using section formula, we have Thus co-ordinates of Q is ^- 52 , 2h .
2k + ^- 4h
m = (1) 82. If â, b h is the mid-point of the segment joining the
k+1
points A ^10, - 6h and B ^k, 4h and a - 2b = 18, find
the value of k and the distanceAB .
6 = 8k + 3 (2)
k+1 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
8k + 3 = 6k + 6 We have A ^10, - 6h and B ^k, 4h .

If P â, b h is mid-point of AB, then we have
2k = 3 & k = 3
2 k + 10 - 6 + 4
3
â, b h = b 2 , 2 l
Thus ratio is 2 : 1 or 3: 2.
Substituting value of k in (1) we have a = k + 10 and b =- 1
2
2 ^ 32 h + ^- 4h
m = = 3- 4 = -1 = -2
From given condition we have
3
2 + 1 5
2
5
2
5
a - 2b = 18
80. If A ^4, - 1h, B ^5, 3h, C ^2, y h and D ^1, 1h are the vertices
of a parallelogram ABCD , find y. Substituting value b = - 1 we obtain
a + 2 = 18 & a = 16
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
a = k + 10 = 16 & k = 22
Mid-points of AC and BD are same. 2
-1 + y
P â, b h = ^16, 1h
b 3, 2 l ^ h
Thus = 3, 2
-1 + y
AB = ^22 - 10h2 + ^4 + 6h2
=2 & y=5
2 = 2 61 units

83. Find the ratio in which the line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 85. Find the ratio in which the line joining points
divides the line segment joining the points ^8, - 9h â + b, b + a h and â - b, b - a h is divided by the point
and ^2, 1h . Also find the co-ordinates of the point of â, b h .
division. Ans : [Board Term-2, 2013]
Let A â + b, b + a h, B â - b, b - a h and P â, b h and P
Let a point P ^x, y h on line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 divides AB divides AB in k : 1, then we have
in the ratio k : 1. k â - b h + 1 â + b h
a =
Now x = 2k + 8 k+1
k+1
a ^k + 1h = k â - b h + a + b
and y = k-9
k+1 ak + a = ak - bk + a + b
Substituting above value in line 2x + 3y - 5 = 0 we bk = b
have
k =1
2 b 2k + 8 l + 3 b k - 9 l - 5 = 0
k+1 k+1 Thus â, b h divides A â + b, b + a h and B â - b, b - a h
4k + 16 + 3k - 27 - 5k - 5 = 0 in 1: 1 internally.
2k - 16 = 0 86. In what ratio does the point ^ 24
11 , y h divides the line
k =8 segment joining the points P ^2, - 2h and Q ^3, 7h ?

Also find the value ofy.
Thus ratio is 8 : 1.
Substituting the value k = 8 we get
x = b2 # 8 + 8l = 8
8+1 3
y = b 8 - 9 l =- 1
8+1 9
Thus P ^x, y h = b 8 , - 1 l
3 9
84. Find the area of the rhombus of vertices ^3, 0h, ^4, 5h, Let P ^ 24
11 , y h divides the segment joining the points
^- 1, 4h and ^- 2, - 1h taken in order. P ^2, - 2h and Q ^3, 7h in ratio k : 1.

Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] Using intersection formula x = mx2 + nx1 we have
m+n
We have A ^3, 0h, B ^4, 5h, C ^- 1, 4h, D ^- 2, - 1h 3k + 2 = 24
Diagonal AC , d1 = ^3 + 1h + ^0 - 4h
2 2 k+1 11
= 16 + 16 = 32 33k + 22 = 24k + 24
= 16 # 2 = 4 2 9k = 2 & k = 2
9
Diagonal BD , d2 = ^4 + 2h2 + ^5 + 1h2
Hence, y = - 18 + 14 = - 4
= 36 + 36 = 72 11 11
87. Find the co-ordinates of a point on the x - axis which
= 36 # 2 = 6 2
is equidistant from the points A ^2, - 5h and B ^- 2, 9h .
Area of rhombus = 1 # d1 # d2 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
2
Let the point P on the x axis be ^x, 0h . Since it is
= 14 2 #6 2 equidistant from the given points A ^2, - 5h and
2 B ^- 2, 9h
= 24 sq. unit. PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
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^x - 2h2 + 60 - ^- 5h@2 = ^x - ^- 2hh2 + ^0 - 9h2 Hence point P is b 7 , - 2 l

3
x2 - 4x + 4 + 25 = x2 + 4x + 4 + 81
90. Show that TABC with vertices A ^- 2, 0h, B ^0, 2h
- 4x + 29 = 4x + 85 and C ^2, 0h is similar to TDEF with vertices
D ^- 4, 0h, F ^4, 0h and E ^0, 4h .
x =- 56 =- 7 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017, Foreign 2017]
8
Using distance formula
Hence the point on x axis is ^- 7, 0h
AB = ^0 + 2h2 + ^2 - 0h2 = 4+4
88. Find the co-ordinates of the points which divide the
line segment joining the points ^5, 7h and ^8, 10h in 3 = 2 2 units
equal parts.
BC = ^2 - 0h2 + ^0 - 2h2 = 4+4
= 2 2 units
Let P ^x1, y2h and Q ^x2, y2h trisect AB. Thus P divides
AB in the ratio 1: 2 CA = ^- 2 - 2h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 16
= 4 units
and DE = ^0 + 4h2 + ^4 - 0h2 = 32
= 4 2 units
EF = ^4 - 0h2 + ^0 - 4h2 = 32
Using section formula we have,
= 4 2 units
1 ^8h + 2 ^5 h
Now x = =6
3 FD = ^- 4 - 4h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 64
1 ^10h + 2 ^7 h = 8 units
y = =8
3 AB = BC = AC
Thus P ^x1, y1h is P ^6, 8h . Since Q is the mid point of DE EF DF
PB , we have
2 2 =2 2 =4=1
x1 = 6 + 8 = 7 4 2 4 2 8 2
2
Since ratio of the corresponding sides of two similar
y1 = 8 + 10 = 9 Ts is equal, we have
2
TABC ~TDEF Hence Proved.
Thus Q ^x2, y2h is Q ^7, 9h
91. Find the co-ordinates of the point on the y - axis
89. The line segment joining the points A ^3, - 4h and which is equidistant from the points A ^5, 3h and
B ^1, 2h is trisected at the points P and Q. Find the B ^1, - 5h
coordinate of the PQ. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Let the points on y-axis be P ^0, y h
Let P ^x1, y1h and Q ^x2, y2h trisect AB. Thus P divides Now PA = PB
AB in the ratio 1: 2.
As per question, line diagram is shown below. PA2 = PB2
^0 - 5h2 + ^y - 3h2 = ^0 - 1h2 + ^y + 5h2

52 + y2 - 6y + 9 = 1 + y2 + 10y + 25
Using intersection formula
16y = 8 & y = 1
x = 1#1+2#3 = 7 2
1+2 3
Hence point on y -axis is ^0, 12 h .
y = 1 # 2 + 2 #- 4 =- 2
1+2

92. In the given figure TABC is an equilateral triangle 1 (- 3) + 2 (3)

x1 = =1
of side 3 units. Find the co-ordinates of the other two 1+2
vertices.
1 ^- 4h + 2 (- 2)
and y1 = =- 8
1+2 3
Thus we have x = 1 and y =- 8

3
Since Q is at the mid-point of PB , using mid-point
formula
x2 = 1 - 3 =- 1
2
- 83 + ^- 4h
and y2 = =- 10
2 3
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] Hence the co-ordinates of P and Q are ^1, - 83 h and
The co-ordinates of B will be (2 + 3, 0) or . ^5, 0h ^- 1, - 3 h
10
Let co-ordinates of C be ^x, y h . Since triangle is 94. If the distances of P ^x, y h from A ^5, 1h and B ^- 1, 5h
equilateral, we have are equal, then prove that 3x = 2y.
AC2 = BC2 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
^x - 2h2 ^y - 0h2 = ^x - 5h2 + ^y - 0h2 Since P ^x, y h is equidistant from the given points
A ^5, 1h and B ^- 1, 5h ,
x2 + 4 - 4x + y2 = x2 + 25 - 10x + y2
PA = PB
6x = 21
PA2 = PB2
x =7
2 Using distance formula,
and ^x - 2h + ^y - 0h2 = 9
2
^5 - x h2 + ^1 - y h2 = ^- 1 - x h2 + ^5 - y h2
7 2
b 2 - 2l + y = 9 ^5 - x h2 + ^1 - y h2 = ^1 + x h2 + ^5 - y h2
2
9 + y2 = 9 or, y2 = 9 - 9 25 - 10x + 1 - 2y = 1 + 2x + 25 - 10y

4 4
- 10x - 2y = 2x - 10y
y2 = 27 = 3 3
4 2 8y = 12x
3x = 2y Hence proved.
Hence C is c 7 , 3 3 m .
2 2
93. Find the co-ordinates of the points of trisection of the FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
line segment joining the points ^3, - 2h and ^- 3, - 4h .
95. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your rectangular
Let P ^x1, y1h and Q ^x2, y2h trisect the line joining
school ground ABCD , lines have been drawn with
A ^3, - 2h and B ^- 3, - 4h .
chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each. 100 flower
As per question, line diagram is shown below. pots have been placed at a distance of 1 m from each
other along AD , as shown in Figure. Niharika runs
¼th the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a
green flag. Preet runs 15 th distance AD on the eighth
line and posts a red flag.
(i) What is the distance between the two flags?
Thus P divides AB in the ratio 1: 2. (ii) If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly half way
Using intersection formula x = mx2 + nx1 and between the line segment joining the two flags,
my2 + ny1 m+n where should she post the blue flag?
y=
m+n
station C (in the given figure) in Delhi. Based on the

given situation answer the following questions:
(i) Who will travel more distance, Seema or Aditya,

to reach to their hometown?
(ii) Seema and Aditya planned to meet at a location
D situated at a point D represented by the mid-
point of the line joining the points represented by
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Town A and Town B . Find the coordinates of the
point represented by the point D .
We assume A as origin (0, 0), AB as x -axis and AD
(iii) Find the area of the triangle formed by joining
as y -axis.
the points represented by A, B and C .
Niharika runs in the 2 nd line with green flag and
distance covered (parallel to AD ),
From the given figure, the coordinates of points A, B
= 1 # 100 = 25 m and C are (1, 7), (4, 2) and (- 4, 4) respectively.
4
Thus co-ordinates of green flag are (2, 25) and we (i) Distance travelled by seema
label it as P i.e., P (2, 25).
CA = (- 4 - 1) 2 + (4 - 7) 2
Similarly, Preet runs in the eighth line with red flag
and distance covered (parallel to AD ), = (- 5) 2 + (- 3) 2
= 1 # 100 = 20 m = 25 + 9 = 34
5
units
Co-ordinates of red flag are (8, 20) and we
label it as Q i.e., Q (8, 20) Thus distance travelled by seema is 34 units.
(i) Now, using distance formula, distance between Similarly, distance travelled by Aditya
green flag and red flag, CB = (4 + 4) 2 + (4 - 2) 2
2 2
PQ = (8 - 2) + (20 - 25)
= 82 + 22 = 64 + 4
2 2
= 6 + (- 5) = 36 + 25
= 68 units
= 61 m Distance travelled by Aditya is 68 units and Aditya
(ii) Also, Rashmi has to post a blue flag the mid- travels more distance.
point of PQ , therefore by using mid-point formula, we (ii) Since, D is mid-point of town A and town B
obtain b 2 + 8 , 25 + 20 l i.e. b 5, 45 l D = b 1 + 4 , 7 + 2 l = b 5, 9 l
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Hence, the blue flag is in the fifth line, at a distance (iii) Remove from syllabus
of 452 i.e., 22.5 m along the direction parallel to AD .
97. In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at the points
96. Two friends Seema and Aditya work in the same office A, B , C , and D as shown in Figure. Champa and
at Delhi. In the Christmas vacations, both decided Chameli walk into the class and after observing for a
to go to their hometown represented by Town A and few minutes Champa asks Chameli, Don’t you think
Town B respectively in the figure given below. Town ABCD is a square? Chameli disagrees. Using distance
A and Town B are connected by trains from the same

formula, find which of them is correct. We use section formula for point A ^x, y h .
Here, m1 = 2 , m2 = 3 , x 1 = 6 , x 2 =- 4 , y 1 =- 6
and y 2 =- 1
2 # ^- 4h + 3 ^6 h
Now x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 =
m1 + m2 2+3
= - 8 + 18 = 10 = 2
5 5
m1 y2 + m2 y2 2 # ^- 1h + 3 ^- 6h
and y = =
m1 + m2 2+3
= - 2 - 18 = - 20 =- 4
5 5
Hence, coordinates of point A is ^2, - 4h .
Since point A also lies on the line 3x + k ^y + 1h = 0 ,
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] its coordinates must satisfies this line.
Coordinates of points A, B , C , D are A (3, 4), B (6, 7), Thus 3 ^2 h + k ^- 4 + 1h = 0
C (9, 4) and D (6, 1).
6 + ^- 3k h = 0
2 2
Distance formula, d = (x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1)
3k = 6 & k = 2
2 2
Now AB = (3 - 6) + (4 - 7) Hence, value of k is 2.
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units 99. Find the ratio in which the line x - 3y = 0 divides the
line segment joining the points ^- 2, - 5h and ^6, 3h .
BC = (6 - 9) 2 + (7 - 4) 2
Find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
CD = (9 - 6) 2 + (4 - 1) 2 Let k : 1 be the ratio in which line x - 3y = 0 divides

the line segment at p (x, y) .
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units
DA = (6 - 3) 2 + (1 - 4) 2
= 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 units
Now AC = (3 - 9) 2 + (4 - 4) 2
= 36 + 0 = 6 units
DB = (6 - 6) 2 + (1 - 7) 2
Using section formula, we get
= 0 + 36 = 6 units
mx2 + nx1 k # 6 + 1 # (- 2)
Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = DB , ABCD x = =
m+n k+1
is a square and Champa is right.
x = 6k - 2 ...(1)
98. Point A lies on the line segment XY joining X ^6, - 6h k+1
and Y ^- 4, - 1h in such a way that XYXA
= 25 . If point A
my2 + ny1 k # 3 + 1 # (- 5)
also lies on the line 3x + k ^y + 1h = 0 , find the value and y = =
m+n k+1
of k .
Ans :
y = 3k - 5
[Board 2019 OD]
...(2)
k+1
the figure given below. The point P (x, y) lies on the line, hence it satisfies the
equation of the given line.
6k - 2 - 3 3k - 5 = 0
k+1 b k+1 l
6k - 2 - 3 (3k - 5) = 0 101.If A (- 2, 1), B (a, 0), C (4, b) and D (1, 2) are the
vertices of a parallelogram ABCD , find the values of
6k - 2 - 9k + 15 = 0 a and b . Hence find the lengths of its sides.
- 3k + 13 = 0 & k = 13 Ans : [Board 2018]
3
As per information given in question we have drawn
Hence, the required ratio is 13 : 3. the figure below.
Now, substituting value of k in x and y , we get
6 # 133 - 2
x = = 78 - 6 = 72 = 9
3 +1
13 16 16 2
3 # 133 - 5
y = = 8 # 3 = 24 = 3
3 +1
13 16 16 2
Hence, the co-ordinates of point of intersection
P (x, y) = b 9 , 3 l
2 2
Here ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonals AC and
100.Find the ratio in which the y -axis divides the line BD bisect each other. Therefore mid point of BD is
segment joining the points ^- 1, - 4h and ^5, - 6h . same as mid point of AC .
Also find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
a+1 2 -2 + 4 b + 1
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] b 2 , 2l = b 2 , 2 l
Let points P (0, y) divides the line joining the point a+1 = 1 & a = 1
A (- 1, - 4) and B (5, - 6) in ratios k : 1. 2
figure below. and b+1 = 1 & b = 1
2
Now AB = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
Section formula is given by = (1 + 2) 2 + (0 - 1) 2
x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 ...(1) = 9 + 1 = 10 unit
m1 + m2
BC = (x2 - x1) 2 + (y2 - y1) 2
m y + m2 y1
and y = 1 2 ...(2)
m1 + m2 = (4 - 1) 2 + (1 - 0) 2
Here, m1 = k and m2 = 1, = 9 + 1 = 10 unit
x1 =- 1 and x2 = 5 Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB = CD = 10 unit
y1 =- 4 and y2 =- 6
k # 5 + 1 # (- 1) BC = AD = 10 unit
Now 0 =
k+1
Therefore length of sides are 10 units each.
5k - 1 = 0 & k = 1 102.If P ^9a - 2, - b h divides the line segment joining
5
A ^3a + 1, - 3h and B ^8a, 5h in the ratio 3: 1. find the
Substitute value of k in eq (2), we get values of a and b.
k (- 6) + 1 (- 4) Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
y =
k+1
Using section formula we have
(- 6) + 1 (- 4)
1
= 5 3 ^8a h + 1 + ^3a + 1h
5 +1 9a - 2 =
1
...(1)
3+1
= - 26 = - 13 3 ^5 h + 1 ^- 3h
6 3 -b = ...(2)
3+1
Hence, value of k is 1 and required point is b 0, - 13 l
5 3

Form (2) - b = 15 - 3 = 3 & b =- 3 Diagonal, AC = ^5 - 4h2 + ^- 1 - 0h2

4
= 12 + 12 = 2 units
From (1), 9a - 2 = 24a + 3a + 1
4 Diagonal BD = ^8 - 1h2 + ^3 + 4h2
4 ^9a - 2h = 27a + 1 =^7 h2 + ^7 h2 = 7 2 units
36a - 8 = 27a + 1 As the length of all the sides are equal but the length
of the diagonals are not equal. Thus ABCD is not
9a = 9 & a = 1 square but a rhombus.
103.Find the coordinates of the point which divide the line 105.The base BC of an equilateral triangle ABC lies
segment joining A ^2, - 3h and B ^- 4, - 6h into three on y -axis. The co-ordinates of point C are ^0, 3h .
equal parts. The origin is the mid-point of the base. Find the co-
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016] ordinates of the point A and B. Also find the co-
ordinates of another point D such that BACD is a
Let P ^x1, y1h and Q ^x2, y2h trisect the line joining rhombus.
A ^3, - 2h and B ^- 3, - 4h . Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
P divides AB in the ratio of 1: 2 and Q As per question, diagram of rhombus is shown below.
divides AB in the ratio 2:1.
By section formula
my2 + ny1
x1 = mx2 + nx1 and y =
1+2 m+n
1 ^- 4h + 2 ^2 h 2 ^- 6h + 1 ^- 3h
P ^x1, y1h = c , m
2+1 2+1
- 6 - ^- 6h
= c - 4 + 4, m = ^0, - 4h
3 3
2 ^- 4h + 1 ^2 h 2 ^- 6h + 1 ^- 3h
Q ^x2, y2h = c , m
2+1 2+1
12 + ^- 3h Co-ordinates of point B are ^0, 3h .

= c - 8 + 2, - m = ^- 2, - 5h
3 3
Thus BC = 6 unit
104.The vertices of quadrilateral ABCD are A ^5, - 1h, Let the co-ordinates of point A be ^x, 0h .
B ^8, 3h, C ^4, 0h and D ^1, - 4h . Prove that ABCD is Now AB = x2 + 9
a rhombus.
Since AB = BC , thus we have
x2 + 9 = 36
The vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD are
A ^5, - 1h, B ^8, 3h, C ^4, 0h D ^1, - 4h . x2 = 27 & x = ! 3 3
Now AB = ^8 - 5h2 + ^3 + 1h2 Co-ordinates of point A is `3 3 , 0j .
Since ABCD is a rhombus,
= 32 + 42 = 5 units
AB = AC = CD = DB
BC = ^8 - 4h2 + ^3 - 0h2
Thus co-ordinate of point D is _- 3 3 , 0i .
= 42 + 32 = 5 units
106.The base QR of an equilateral triangle PQR lies on
CD = ^4 - 1h2 + ^0 + 4h2 x-axis. The co-ordinates of point Q are ^- 4, 0h and
the origin is the mid-point of the base. find the co-
= ^3 h2 + ^4h2 = 5 units ordinates of the point P and R.
AD = ^5 - 1h2 + ^- 1 + 4h2 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017, Foreign 2015]
= ^4h2 + ^3 h2 = 5 units As per question, line diagram is shown below.
108.Find the ratio is which the line segment joining the

points A ^3, - 3h and B ^- 2, 7h is divided by x-axis.
Also find the co-ordinates of the point of division.
We have A ^3, - 3h and B ^- 2, 7h

At any point on x-axis y-coordinate is always zero.
So, let the point be ^x, 0h that divides line segment
AB in ratio k : 1.
- 2k + 3 7k - 3
Now ^x, 0h = b k + 1 , k + 1 l
7k - 3 = 0
k+1
Co-ordinates of point R is ^4, 0h . 7k - 3 = 0 & k = 3
7
Thus QR = 8 units The line is divided in the ratio of 3 : 7.
Let the co-ordinates of point P be ^0, y h Now - 2k + 3 = x
k+1
Since PQ = QR
- 2 # 73 + 3
^- 4 - 0h2 + ^0 - y h2 = 64 7 +1
3 =x
16 + y2 = 64 - 6 + 21 = x
3+7
y =! 4 3
15 = x & x = 3
Coordinates of P are `0, 4 3 j or `0, - 4 3 j 10 2
107.The co-ordinates of vertices of TABC are A ^0, 0h,
The coordinates of the point is b 3 , 0 l .
B ^0, 2h and C ^2, 0h . Prove that TABC is an isosceles 2
triangle. Also find its area. 109.Determine the ratio in which the straight line
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] x - y - 2 = 0 divides the line segment joining ^3, - 1h
and ^8, 9h .
Using distance formula d = ^x2 - x1h2 + ^y2 - y1h2 we
have Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
AB = ^0 - 0h2 + ^0 - 2h2 = 4 =2 Let co-ordinates of P be ^x1, y1h and it divides line AB

in the ratio k : 1.
AC = ^0 - 2h2 + ^0 - 0h2 = 4 =2
Now x1 = 8k + 3
k+1
BC = ^0 - 2h2 + ^2 - 0h2 = 4+4 = 2 2
Clearly, AB = AC =
Y BC y1 = 9k - 1
k+1
Thus TABC is an isosceles triangle. Since point P ^x1, y1h lies on line x - y - 2 = 0 , so co-
Now, 2 2 2 2
AB + AC = 2 + 2 = 4 + 4 = 8 ordinates of P must satisfy the equation of line.
8k + 3 - 9k - 1 - 2 = 0
BC2 = ^2 2 h = 8 Thus
2
also, k+1 k+1
AB2 + AC2 = BC2 8k + 3 - 9k + 1 - 2k - 2 = 0
Thus TABC is an isosceles right angled triangle.
- 3k + 2 = 0 & k = 2
3
Now, area of TABC
So, line x - y - 2 = 0 divides AB in the ratio 2: 3
T ABC = 1 base # height
2
110.The line segment joining the points A ^3, 2h and B ^5, 1h
= 1 # 2 # 2 = 2 sq. units. is divided at the point P in the ratio 1: 2 and P lies
2

on the line 3x - 18y + k = 0 . Find the value of k. Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] (i) Section Formula : Let A ^x1, y1h and B ^x2, y2h are
two points. Let P ^x, y h be a point on line, joining A
Let co-ordinates of P be ^x1, y1h and it divides
and B , such that P divides it in the ratio m1: m2 .
line AB in the ratio 1 : 2.
m2 x1 + m1 x2 m2 y1 + m1 y2
Now ^x, y h = b m1 + m2 , m1 + m2 l
x1 = mx2 + nx1 = 1 # 5 + 2 # 3 = 11
m+n 1+2 3
my2 + ny1 1 # 2 + 2 # 2
y2 = = =5
m+n 1+2 3
Since point P ^x1, y1h lies on line , 3x - 18y + k = 0 , so
co-ordinates of P must satisfy the equation of line.
3 # 11 - 18 # 5 + k = 0
3 3
k = 19
111.If R ^x, y h is a point on the line segment joining

the points P â, b h and Q ^b, a h, then prove that
x + y = a + b. Proof : Let AB be a line segment joining the points.
Ans : [Board Term-2, OD 2012]
A ^x1, y1h, B ^x2, y2h .
Let P divides AB in the ratio m1: m2 . Let P have co-
As per question line is shown below. ordinates ^x, y h .
Draw AL, PM, PN, = to x-axis
It is clear form figure, that
AR = LM = OM - OL = x - x1
PR = PM - RM = y - y1 .
Let point R (x, y) divides the line joining P and Q in also, PS = ON - OM = x2 - x
the ratio k : 1, then we have
BS = BN - SN = y2 - y
x = kb + a
k+1 Now TAPR ~TPBS [AAA]
and y = ka + b Thus AR = PR = AP
k+1 PS BS PB
Adding, x + y = kb + a + ka + b and AR = AP
k+1 PS PB
k â + b h + â + b h x - x1 = m1
= x2 - x m2
k+1
m2 x - m2 x1 = m1 x2 - m1 x
^k + 1hâ + b h
= = a+b
k+1 x = m1 x2 + m2 x1
m1 + m2
x+y = a+b Hence Proved
Now PR = AP
BS PB
112.(i) Derive section formula.
(ii) In what ratio does ^- 4, 6h divides the line segment y - y2
= m1
joining the point A ^- 6, 4h and B ^3, - 8h y2 - y m2
m1 y2 + m2 y1 Length of median AD ,
y =
m1 + m2
-5 2
7 2
m y + m1 y2
AD = b 2 - 1l + b 2 + 1l
Thus co-ordinates of P are b m2 x1 + m1 x2 , 2 1
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 l
-7 2 9 2
(ii) Assume that ^- 4, 6h divides the line segment = b 2 l +b2l
joining the point A ^- 6, 4h and B ^3, - 8h in ratio k : 1
130 = 130 square unit
=
Using section formula for x co-ordinate we have 4 2
k (3) - 6 Thus length of median AD is 130 units.
-4 = 2
k+1
114.Point ^- 1, y h and B ^5, 7h lie on a circle with centre
- 4k - 4 = 3k - 6 & k = 2
7
O ^2, - 3y h . Find the values of y. Hence find the radius
113. ^1, - 1h, ^0, 4h and ^- 5, 3h are vertices of a triangle. of the circle.
Check whether it is a scalene triangle, isosceles triangle Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
or an equilateral triangle. Also, find the length of its Since, A ^- 1, y h and B ^5, 7h lie on a circle
median joining the vertex ^1, - 1h the mid-point of with centre O ^2, - 3y h, OA and OB are the
the opposite side. radius of circle and are equal. Thus
OA = OB
Let the vertices of TABC be A ^1, - 1h , B ^0, 4h and
C ^- 5, 3h . Let D (x, y) be mid point of BC . Now the ^- 1 - 2h2 + ^y + 3y h2 = ^5 - 2h2 + ^7 + 3y h2
triangle is shown below. 9 + 16y2 = 9y2 + 42y + 58
y2 - 6y - 7 = 0
^y + 1h^y - 7h = 0
y =- 1, 7
When y =- 1, centre is O ^2, - 3y h = ^2, 3h and radius
OB = ^5 - 2h2 + ^7 - 3h2
= 9 + 16 = 5 unit
When y = 7 , centre is O ^2, - 3y h = ^2, - 21h and
radius
Using distance formula, we get

OB = ^2 - 5h2 + ^- 21 - 7h2
= 9 + 784 = 793 unit
^1 - 0h2 + ^- 1 - 4h2 = 1 + 5 = 26
2
AB =
BC = ^- 5 - 0h2 + ^3 - 4h2 = 25 + 1 = 26
AC = ^- 5 - 1h2 + ^3 + 1h2 = 36 + 16 = 2 13
Since AB = BC =
Y AC , triangle TABC is isosceles. 115.Resident Welfare Association (RWA) of a Gulmohar
Now, using mid-section formula, the co-ordinates of Society in Delhi have installed three electric poles A,
B and C in a society’s common park. Despite these
mid-point of BC are three poles, some parts of the park are still in dark.
So, RWA decides to have one more electric pole D in
x = - 5 + 0 =- 5
2 2 the park.
y = 3+4 = 7
2 2
D ^x, y h = b- 5 , 7 l
2 2

(i) From the given digram we can easily get that

position of the pole C (5, 4).
(ii) Coordinates of B are (6, 6).
Distance from origin = ^6 - 0h2 + ^6 - 0h2
= 36 + 36 = 6 2 units
The park can be modelled as a coordinate systems
given below. (iii) If ABCD is a parallelogram, the diagonals bisects
each other. Here AC and BD are diagonals.
Mid-point of AC = b 2 + 5 , 7 + 4 l = ^3.5, 5.5h

2 2
Now, mid-point of diagonal, BD will be ^3.5, 5.5h also.
Let, the coordinates of D be ^x, y h
Now 6 + x = 3.5 and 6 + y = 5.5

2 2
x = 1 and y = 5
(iv) Coordinates of A are (2, 7) and coordinates of C
are (5, 4).
Distance between pole A and C ,
AC = ^5 - 2h2 + ^4 - 7h2
On the basis of the above information, answer any
four of the following questions: = 9 + 9 = 3 2 units
(i) What is the position of the pole C ? Thus (b) is correct option.
(a) (4, 5) (v) Coordinates of B are (6, 6) and coordinates of D
(b) (5, 4) are (1, 5).
(c) (6, 5) Distance between pole B and D ,
(d) (5, 6) BD = ^6 - 1h2 + ^6 - 5h2
(ii) What is the distance of the pole B from the
= 52 + 12
corner O of the park ?
(a) 6 2 units (b) 3 2 units = 25 + 1 = 26 units
(c) 6 3 units (d) 3 3 units Thus (d) is correct option.
(iii) Find the position of the fourth pole D so that 116.Ajay, Bhigu and Colin are fast friend since childhood.
four points A, B C and D form a parallelogram . They always want to sit in a row in the classroom .
(a) (5, 2) (b) (1, 5) But teacher doesn’t allow them and rotate the seats
(c) (1, 4) (d) (2, 5) row-wise everyday. Bhigu is very good in maths and
he does distance calculation everyday. He consider the
(iv) What is the distance between poles A and C ? centre of class as origin and marks their position on a
(a) 6 2 units (b) 3 2 units paper in a co-ordinate system. One day Bhigu make
(c) 6 3 units (d) 3 3 units
(v) What is the distance between poles B and D ?
(a) 2 3 units (b) 28 units
(c) 6 3 units (d) 26 units
Ans :
the following diagram of their seating position. (iii) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (- 1, - 2).
AB = (- 2 + 1) 2 + (2 + 2) 2
= 1 + 42 = 17
(iv) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (0, 3).
BC = (- 1 - 3) 2 + (- 2 - 0) 2
= 42 + 4 = 2 5
(v) We have A (- 2, 2) and B (- 1, - 2)
m =4
n 3
2 + nx1 - 1 (4) + 3 (- 2)
x = mx = = - 10
m+n 4+3 7
my2 + hy1 - 2 (4) + 3 (2)

y = = = -2
m+n 4+3 7
(i) What are the coordinates of point A? Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) (2, 2)
117.Morning assembly is an integral part of the school’s
(b) (2, - 2) schedule. Almost all the schools conduct morning
(c) (- 2, 2) assemblies which include prayers, information of
(d) (- 2, - 2) latest happenings, inspiring thoughts, speech, national
anthem, etc. A good school is always particular about
(ii) What is the distance of point A from origin ? their morning assembly schedule. Morning assembly is
(a) 8 (b) 2 2 important for a child’s development. It is essential to
understand that morning assembly is not just about
(c) 4 (d) 4 2
standing in long queues and singing prayers or national
(iii) What is the distance between A and B ? anthem, but it’s something beyond just prayers. All
(a) 3 19 (b) 3 5 the activities carried out in morning assembly by the
school staff and students have a great influence in
(c) 17 (d) 2 5 every point of life. The positive effects of attending
(iv) What is the distance between B and C ? school assemblies can be felt throughout life.
(a) 3 19 (b) 3 5
(c) 2 17 (d) 2 5
(v) A point D lies on the line segment between points
A and B such that AD : DB = 4 : 3 . What are the
the coordinates of point D ?
10 2 2 7
(a) b 7 , 7 l (b) b 7 , 7 l
Have you noticed that in school assembly you always
10 2 2 7 stand in row and column and this make a coordinate
(c) b- 7 , - 7 l (d) b- 7 , - 7 l system. Suppose a school have 100 students and they
Ans : all assemble in prayer in 10 rows as given below.
(i) It may be seen easily from figure that coordinates
of point A are (- 2, 2).
(ii) OA = (0 + 2) 2 + (0 - 2) 2 = 2 2


(v) We can also calculate BC = 2 3 and AD = 2 3
Here, AB = BC = CD = AD
and AC = BD
Thus it is a square.
118.To conduct sports day activities, in a rectangular

shaped school ground ABCD , lines have been drawn
with chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each. 100
flower pots have been placed at a distance of 1 m
from each other along AB , as shown in figure.
Nishtha runs 14 th the distance AB on the 2nd
line and posts a green flag. Suman runs 15 th the
distance AB on the 8th line and posts a red flag.
Here A, B, C and D are four friend Amar, Bharat,
Colin and Dravid.
(i) What is the distance between A and B ?
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 3 3 (d) 2 3
(ii) What is the distance between C and D ?
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 3 3 (d) 2 3
(iii) What is the distance between A and C ?
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 3 3 (d) 2 3
(iv) What is the distance between D and B ?
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 3 3 (d) 2 3
(v) These 4 friends seating arrangement make a
(a) square (b) rhombus (i) What is the position of green flag ?
(c) parallelogram (d) rectangle (a) (2, 25) (b) (25, 4)
Ans : (c) (25,2) (d) (4, 25)
(i) We have A (3, 4) and B (6, 7). (ii) What is the position of red flag ?
(a) (20, 4) (b) (8, 20)
AB = (6 - 3) 2 + (7 - 4) 2 = 2 3
(c) (20, 8) (d) (4, 20)
(ii) We have C (9, 4) and D (6, 1). (iii) What is the distance between both the flags?
(a) 51 (b) 3 3
CD = (9 - 6) 2 + (4 - 1) 2 = 2 3
Thus (d) is correct option. (c) 61 (d) 2 3
(iii) We have A (3, 4) and C (9, 4) (iv) What is the distance of red flag from point A ?
(a) 4 29 (b) 2 29
AC = (3 - 9) 2 + (4 - 4) 2 = 6
(c) 8 15 (d) 16 3
(iv) We have B (6, 7) and D (6, 1). (v) If Rakhi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway
between the line segment joining the two flags,
BD = (6 - 6) 2 + (7 - 1) 2 = 6 where should she post her flag?
(a) (20, 4) (b) (22.5, 5) of triangle PQR

(c) (4, 20) (d) (5, 22.5) (a) P (4, 6), Q (3, 2), R (6, 5)
Ans : (b) P (6, 4), Q (2, 3), R (5, 6)
(i) 14 th of the AD corresponds to y = 1004 = 25 and (c) P (5, 7), Q (3, 3), R (5, 5)
2nd line corresponds to x = 2 . Thus coordinates of (d) P (6, 6), Q (2, 3), R (6, 6)
green flag point are (2, 25).
(ii) If C is taken as origin, what is the co-ordinate of
Thus (a) is correct option. point P
(ii) 15 th of the AD corresponds to y = 1005 = 20 and (a) (- 12, 2) (b) (12, 2)
8th line corresponds to x = 8 . Thus coordinates of
red point are (8, 20). (c) (12, - 2) (d) (- 12, - 2)
Thus (b) is correct option. (iii) If B is taken as origin, what are the co-ordinate
of P
(iii) d = (8 - 2) 2 + (20 - 25) 2
(a) (4, 3) (b) (- 4, 3)
= 62 + 52 = 61 (c) (4, - 3) (d) (- 4, - 3)
(iv) What is distance between P and Q if origin is
(iv) d = 82 + 202 = 4 29 taken A?
Thus (a) is correct option. (a) 71 (b) 17
(v) Mid point of green flag and red flag (c) 65 (d) 50
= b 2 + 8 , 25 + 20 l = (5, 22.5) (v) What is distance between P and Q if origin is
2 2 taken B ?
Thus (d) is correct option. (a) 50 (b) 71
119.A garden is in the shape of rectangle. Gardener grew (c) 17 (d) 61
sapling of Ashoka tree on the boundary of garden Ans :
at the distance of 1 meter from each other. He want
to decorate the garden with rose plants. He choose (i) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate
triangular region inside the park to grow rose plants. taking A as origin.
On the above situation, gardener took help from the
students of class 10th. They made a chart for it which
looks as the above figure.

(ii) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate
(i) If A is taken as origin, What are the coordinates taking C as origin.



(iii) In following figure we have shown the co-ordinate
taking B as origin.

(iv) PQ = (4 - 3) 2 + (6 - 2) 2 = 17
(v) Distance dress not depend on origin. In this case
this is 17 .
Page 220 Introduction of Trigonometry Chap 8
CHAPTER 8
INTRODUCTION OF TRIGONOMETRY
ONE MARK QUESTIONS We have cos A = 4

5
We know that, cos A = Base =4

1. Given that sin a = 2
3
and cos b = 0 , then what is the Hypotenuse 5
value of b - a ?
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] Perpendicular = 52 - 42 = 25 - 16 = 3
Perpendicular
Now, tan A = =3
Base 4
We have sin a = 3
2
5. If sin A = 1 , then what is the value of cot A?
sin a = sin 60c & a = 60c ...(1) 2
and cos b = 0 Ans : [Board Term-1 2017]
cos b = cos 90c & b = 90c ...(2) We have sin A = 1

2
Now, b - a = 90c - 60c = 30c
Perpendicular
sin A = =1
2. If TABC is right angled at C , then find the value Hypotenuse 2
of sec (A + B).
Now, Base = 22 - 12 = 3
Base
So, cot A = = 3 = 3
Perpendicular 1
We have +C = 90c
Hence, the required value of cot A is 3.
Since, +A + +B + +C = 180c
+A + +B = 180c - +C 6. If sin q = a , then find the value of cos q ?
b
= 180c - 90c = 90c Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
sec (A + B) = sec 90c not defined Perpendicular

Now, We have sin q = a =
b Hypotenuse
3. If sin q + cos q = 2 cos q , (q ! 90c) then what is the
value of tan q ? Base = b2 - a2
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard] Base b2 - a2
So, cos q = =
Hypotenuse b
We have sin q + cos q = 2 cos q
Dividing both sides by cos q , we get 7. If cos â + b h = 0 , then find sin â - b h in terms of b .
sin q + cos q = Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
2 cos q
cos q cos q cos q
We have, cos â + b h = 0 = cos 90c 6cos 90c = 0@
tan q + 1 = 2
a + b = 90c
tan q = 2 -1
a = 90c - b
4. If cos A = 4 , then find the value of tan A. Now, sin â - b h = sin ^90c - b - b h
5

Chap 8 Introduction of Trigonometry Page 221
= sin ^90c - 2b h = cos 2b 12. If 4 tan q = 3 , then find c 4 sin q - cos q m .

4 sin q + cos q
Thus (b) is correct option. Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
8. If cos 9a = sin a and 9a < 90c, then what is the value We have, 4 tan q = 3
of tan 5a ?
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] tan q = 3
4
We have cos 9a = sin a where 9a < 90c sin q
4 sin q - cos q = 4 cos q - 1 = 4 tan q - 1
sin ^90c - 9ah = sin a 4 sin q + cos q 4 tan q + 1
sin q
4 cos q +1
90c - 9a = a 4 ` 34 j - 1
= = 3-1 = 2 = 1
10a = 90c & a = 9c 4` j + 1
3
4
3+1 4 2
tan 5a = tan ^5 # 9ch 13. If sin q - cos q = 0 , then find the value of ^sin 4 q + cos 4 qh
Ans :
6tan 45c = 1@
[Board 2007]
= tan 45c = 1
9. If TABC is right angled at C , then find the value of We have, sin q - cos q = 0
cos Â + B h .
sin q = cos q
We know that in TABC , sin q = sin ^90c - qh

q = 90c - q & q = 45c
Now, sin q + cos q = sin 4 45c + cos 4 45c
4 4
4 4
= d 1 n +d 1 n = 1 + 1 = 1
2 2 4 4 2
14. In the adjoining figure, what is the length of BC ?

+A + +B + +C = 180c
But right angled at C i.e., +C = 90c, thus
+A + +B + 90c = 180c
A + B = 90c
cos Â + B h = cos 90c = 0
Ans : [Board 2009]
10. If sin a = 1
2 and cos b = 12 , then find the value of
â + b h . In TABC , sin 30c = BC
AC
1 = BC & BC = 3 cm
sin a = 1 = sin 30c & a = 30c 2 6
2
15. If sec 5A = cosec Â + 30ch , where 5A is an acute
and 1
cos b = = cos 60c & b = 60c
2 angle, then what is the value of A?
a + b = 30c + 60c = 90c Ans : [Board 2010]
11. The value of the (tan2 60c + sin2 45c) is .......... . We have, sec 5A = cosec Â + 30ch
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] sec 5A = sec 690c - Â - 30ch@
tan2 60c + sin2 45c = ( 3 ) 2 + c 1 m

2
sec 5A = sec ^60c - Ah
2
5A = 60c - A
= 3+1 = 7
2 2 6A = 60c & A = 10c
16. If sin q = 5 , then the value of tan q is .......... . 20. The value of (1 + tan2 q) (1 - sin q) (1 + sin q) = ........ .
13
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
(1 + tan2 q) (1 - sin q) (1 + sin q)

From sin q = 5 we can draw the figure as given below.
13
= sec2 q (1 - sin2 q)
= sec2 q # cos2 q
= 1 2
# cos q = 1
AC 5 cos2 q
Now, tan q = BC = 12
21. Prove that
17. If cot q = 12 , then the value of sin q is ......... . (1 + tan A - sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2 tan A
5
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Given, cot q = 12 & tan q = 5 LHS = (1 + tan A - sec A) # (1 + tan A + sec A)

5 12
= (1 + tan A) 2 - sec2 A
From tan q = 5 we can draw the figure as given
12
below. = 1 + tan2 A + 2 tan A - sec2 A
= sec2 A + 2 tan A - sec2 A
= 2 tan A = RHS
So, sin q = AC = 5 22. If tan A = cot B , then find the value of (A + B).
CB 13 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
18. If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A - B) = 1 , A > B , We have tan A = cot B

then the value of A is ......... . 3
tan A = tan (90c - B)
A = 90c - B
We have tan (A + B) = 3
Thus A + B = 90c
= tan 60c
23. If x = 3 sin q + 4 cos q and y = 3 cos q - 4 sin q then
Hence, A + B = 60c prove that x2 + y2 = 25 .
...(1) Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
Again, tan (A - B) = 1 We have x = 3 sin q + 4 cos q

3
and y = 3 cos q - 4 sin q
= tan 30c
x2 + y2 = (3 sin q + 4 cos q) 2 + (3 cos q - 4 sin q) 2
A - B = 30c ...(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2) we get = (9 sin2 q + 16 cos2 q + 24 sin q cos q) +
2A = 90c & A = 45c + (9 cos2 q + 16 sin2 q - 24 sin q cos q)
= 9 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 16 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
19. The value of c sin q + 1
1 + tan2 q m
2
= ................... .
= 9 + 16 = 25
24. If cos A = 2 , find the value of 4 + 4 tan2 A .
1 5
sin2 q + = sin2 q + 12 Ans : [Board SQP 2018]
1 + tan2 q sec q
= sin2 q + cos2 q = 1 4 + 4 tan2 A = 4 ^1 + tan2 Ah
4 sec2 A = 4 = 24 2 = 4 # 25 = 25
cos2 A ^5h 4

25. Evaluate sin2 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos2 30c cot ^90c - 2Ah = cot Â + 60ºh
90c - 2A = A + 60º
2 2
sin 60c - 2 tan 45c - cos 30c
3A = 30º & A = 10º
2 2
= c 3 m - 2 (1) - c 3 m
2 2 30. If tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 then find the value of x.
= 3 - 2 - 3 =- 2
4 4
We have tan ^3x + 30ºh = 1 = tan 45º
26. If sin q + sin2 q = 1 then prove that cos2 q + cos 4 q = 1.
3x + 30º = 45º
x = 5º
We have sin q + sin2 q = 1
31. What happens to value of cos q when q increases from
sin q + (1 - cos2 q) = 1 0º to 90º.
sin q - cos2 q = 0 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
sin q = cos2 q cos q decreases from 1 to q .

Squaring both sides, we get
32. If A and B are acute angles and sin A = cos B,
sin2 q = cos 4 q then find the value of A + B .
1 - cos2 q = cos 4 q Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
cos 4 q + cos2 q = 1 Hence Proved We have sin A = cos B

sin A = sin ^90º - B h
27. In a triangle ABC, write cos b B + C l in terms of
2
angle A. A = 90º - B
A + B = 90º
In a triangle A + B + C = 180º
B + C = 180º - A 33. If k + 1 = sec2 q ^1 + sin qh^1 - sin qh, then find the
value of k.
Thus cos b B + C l = cos :180º - A D Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2 2
We have k + 1 = sec2 q ^1 + sin qh (1 - sin q)
= cos :90 - A D = sin A
2 2
= sec2 q ^1 - sin2 qh
28. If sec q $ sin q = 0 , then find the value of q .
= sec2 q. cos2 q
= sec2 q # 1
We have sec q $ sin q = 0 sec2 q
1 $ sin q = 0 k+1 = 1 & k= 1-1 = 0
cos q
Thus k = 0
sin q = 0
cos q 34. Find the value of sin2 41º + sin2 49º
tan q = 0 = tan 0º Thus q = 0º Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
29. If tan 2A = cot Â + 60ºh , find the value of A where We have

2A is an acute angle. sin2 41 + sin2 49 = sin2 (90º - 49º) + sin2 49º
= cos2 49 + sin2 49º
We have tan 2A = cot Â + 60ºh
=1
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS = ^ 2h -^ 2h = 0

2 2
39. Prove that 1 - sin q = sec q - tan q .

35. Prove that 1 + cot a
2
1 + sin q
= cosec a Ans :
1 + cosec a
1 - sin q = (1 - sin q) (1 - sin q)
LHS =
2 2 1 + sin q (1 + sin q) (1 - sin q)
1+ cot a = 1 + cosec a - 1
1 + cosse a 1 + cosse a
(1 - sin q) 2 (1 - sin q) 2
= =
(1 + cosec a) (cosec a - 1) 1 - sin2 q cos2 q
=1+
1 + cosec a
= 1 - sin q = 1 - sin q
cos q cos q cos q
= 1 + cosec a - 1
= cosec a Hence Proved = sec q - tan q = RHS Hence Proved
2
3
36. Prove that : sin A3 - 2 sin A = tan A . 40. Prove that : 1 - tan2 q = cos2 q - sin2 q
2 cos A - cos A 1 + tan q
Ans : [Board 2018]
2 1 - tan2 q = 1 - tan2 q
sin A - 2 sin3 A = sin A (1 - 2 sin A)
3 2 1 + tan2 q sec2 q
2 cos A - cos A cos A (2 cos A - 1)
= 1 - tan2 q
sin A (1 - 2 sin2 A)
= sec2 q sec2 q
cos A (2 cos2 A - 1)
2
[1 - 2 (1 - cos2 A)] = cos2 q - sin 2q # cos2 q
= tan A cos q
(2 cos2 A - 1)
= cos2 q - sin2 q Hence Proved
[1 - 2 + 2 cos2 A)]
= tan A
(2 cos2 A - 1) tan2 q + cot2 q = 1.
41. Prove that
1 + tan2 q 1 + cot2 q
(2 cos2 A - 1)
= tan A Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
(2 cos2 A - 1)
= tan A Hence Proved LHS = tan2 q + cot2 q
1 + tan2 q 1 + cot2 q
37. Show that tan 4 q + tan2 q = sec 4 q - sec2 q 2 2
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] = tan2 q + cot q2

sec q cosec q
tan 4 q + tan2 q = tan2 q (1 + tan2 q) sin2 q cos2 q
= cos2 q
1 + sin2 q
1
= tan2 q # sec2 q cos2 q sin2 q
= (sec2 q - 1) sec2 q = sin2 q + cos2 q = 1 = RHS
= sec 4 q - sec2 q Hence Proved 42. Prove that : 1 + 1 = 2 sec2 q

1 + sin q 1 - sin q
38. If 2 sin q = 1, find the value of sec2 q - cosec2 q. Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
LHS = 1 + 1
1 + sin q 1 - sin q
We have 2 sin q = 1
(1 - sin q) + (1 + sin q)
sin q = 1 = sin 45º =
(1 + sin q) (1 - sin q)
2
Thus q = 45º = 2 = 2 sec2 q = RHS
1 - sin2 q
Now sec2 q - cosec2 q = sec2 45º - cosec2 45º

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43. Prove that cosec q + cosec q = 2 sec2 q . We have sin Â + B h = 1 = sin 90º
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] A + B = 90º ...(1)
LHS = cosec q + cosec q and sin Â - B h = 1 = sin 30º

cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1 2
= cosec q : 1 1 A - B = 30º ...(2)

cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1D
+
Solving eq. (1) and (2), we obtain
= cosec q ; cosec q + 1 + cosec q - 1 E A = 60º and B = 30º
(cosec q - 1) (cosec q + 1)
q 47. Find cosec 30º and cos 60º geometrically.
= cosec q c 2 cosec
cosec2 q - 1 m Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2
q = 2 cosec2 q Let a triangle ABC with each side equal to 2a as
= 2 cosec
2
cosec q - 1 cot2 q shown below.
2 # sin1 q 2
= =
2
cos2 q
sin2 q
cos2 q
= 2 sec2 q = RHS Hence Proved
44. If 5 tan q = 3 ,then what is the value of

5 sin q - 3 cos q
b 4 sin q + 3 cos q l ?
We have 5 tan q = 3 & tan q = 3

5 In 3 ABC , +A = +B = +C = 60º
Dividing numerator and denominator by Now we draw AD perpendicular to BC , then
cos q we have
TBDA b TCDA
sin q
5 sin q - 3 cos q = 5 cos q - 3 = 5 tan q - 3
4 sin q + 3 cos q sin q 4 tan q + 3 BD = CD
4 cos q +3
5 # 35 - 3 +BAD = CAD = 30º by CPCT

= 3-3 = 0
= 12
4 # 35 + 3 5 +3 AD = 3a
45. Evaluate : In TBDA, cosec 30º = AB = 2a = 2

BD a
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º
cot2 45º
and cos 60º = BD = a = 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] AB 2a 2
3 tan2 30º + tan2 60º + cosec 30º - tan 45º 48. Evaluate : sin 90º + 1
cos 45º cosec 30º
cot2 45º Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]
3× _ i +^ 3h + 2 - 1
1 2 2
=
3 We have
^1 h2
sin 90º + 1 = 11 + 1
3× 13 + 3 + 2 - 1 cos 45º cosec 30º 2
= 2
1
= 2 +1 = 2 2 +1
= 1+3+2-1 = 5 2 2
49. If 4 cos q = 11 sin q, find the value of 11 cos q - 7 sin q .

46. If sin Â + B h = 1 and sin Â - B h = 12 , 11 cos q + 7 sin q
0 # A + B < 90º and A > B, then find A and B. Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
We have 4 cos q = 11 sin q
or, cos q = 11 sin q We have 2 sin 2q = 3

4
sin 2q = 3 = sin 60º
11 # 114 sin q - 7 sin q 2
Now 11 cos q - 7 sin q =
11 cos q + 7 sin q 11 # 114 sin q + 7 sin q
2q = 60º
sin q ^ 121
4 - 7h
= cos 2q = cos 60º = 1 .
sin q ^ 4 + 7h
121 Hence,
2
= 121 - 28 = 93 53. Find the value of sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º is it
121 + 28 149 equal to sin 90º or cos 90º ?
50. If tan Â + B h = 3 , tan Â - B h = 13
0c < A + B # 90c, then find A and B. sin 30º cos 60º + cos 30º sin 60º = 1 # 1 + 3 # 3
2 2 2 2
We have tan Â + B h = 3 = tan 60º =1+3 =4=1

4 4 4
A + B = 60º ...(1) It is equal to sin 90º = 1 but not equal to
cos 90º as cos 90º = 0 .
Also tan Â - B h = 1 = tan 30º
3 54. If 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º, find the value
A - B = 30º ...(2) of q.
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain, Ans : [Boar Term-1, 2012]
2A = 90º We have
A = 90º = 45º 3 sin q - cos q = 0 and 0º < q < 90º

2
3 sin q = cos q
Substituting this value of A in equation (1), we get
sin q = 1
B = 60º - A = 60º - 45º = 15º cos q 3
Hence, A = 45º and B = 15º tan q = 1 = tan 30º sin q
;tan q = cos q E
3
51. If cos Â - B h = 23 and sin Â + B h = 23 , find sin A
and B , where Â + B h and Â - B h are acute angles. q = 30º
55. Evaluate : cos 45º + 1
sec 30º sec 60º
Ans :
We have cos Â - B h = 3 = cos 30º
[Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
2
1
We have cos 45º + 1 = 2
+1
A - B = 30º ...(1) sec 30º sec 60º 2 2
3
Also sin Â + B h = 3 = sin 60º

2 = 1 # 3 +1
2 2 2
A + B = 60º ...(2)
= 6 +1 = 6 +2
Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain, 4 2 4
2A = 90º 56. If sin f = 1 , show that 3 cos f - 4 cos3 f = 0 .
2
A = 45º Ans : [Board 2010]
Substituting this value of A in equation (1),

we get B = 15º We have sin f = 1
2
52. Find the value of cos 2q , if 2 sin 2q = 3. f = 30º

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] Now substituting this value of q in LHS we have

3 cos f - 4 cos3 f = 3 cos 30º - 4 cos3 30º 60. Prove that : sec 4 q - sec2 q = tan 4 q + tan2 q
3 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
= 3c 3 -4 3
2 m c 2 m
We have
=3 3 -3 3 sec 4 q - sec2 q = sec2 q ^sec2 q - 1h

2 2
=0 Hence Proved [[1 + tan 2 q = sec 2 q]]
57. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of a circle with = sec2 q ^tan2 qh
centre O, find tan A tan B. = ^1 + tan2 qh tan2 q
= tan2 q + tan 4 q
Hence Proved.
61. If sin A = 3 , find the value of 2 cot2 A - 1.

2
Using cot2 q =- 1 + cosec2 q we have

2 cot2 A - 1 = 2 ^cosec2 A - 1h - 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] = 2 -3

sin2 A
In TABC, +C is a angle in a semi-circle, thus
= 2 -3
+C = 90º _ 2
3 2
i
tan A = BC = 2 = 8 - 3 = -1
AC 3 3 3
and tan B = AC = 3 Thus 2 cot2 A - 1 = - 1

BC 2 3
62. Find the value of q , if,
tan A tan B = 2 # 3 = 1 cos q + cos q = 4; q # 90º
3 2
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
58. Express the trigonometric ratio of sec A and tan A in Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
terms of sin A.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] We have cos q + cos q = 4
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
1 = 1
We have sec A =
cos A cos q ^1 + sin qh + cos q ^1 - sin qh
1 - sin2 A =4
^1 - sin qh^1 + sin qh
and tan A = sin A = sin A
cos A 1 - sin2 A cos q 61 + sin q + 1 - sin q@
=4
1 - sin2 q
^sin q + cos qh
4 4
59. Prove that :
1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q
=1 cos q ^2 h
=4
cos2 q
1 =2
^sin q + cos qh ^sin qh + ^cos qh
4 4 2 2 2 2
cos q
=
1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q 1 - 2 sin2 q cos2 q
cos q = 1
^sin q + cos qh - 2 sin q cos q 2
2 2 2 2 2
= 2 2
1 - 2 sin q cos q cos q = cos 60º
2 2
= 1 - 2 sin 2q cos2 q = 1 Thus q = 60º .
1 - 2 sin cos q
sin A sin ^90º - Ah = 1+ 3 = 7

63. Prove that : - 1 + =- sin2 A 4 4
cot ^90º - Ah
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 7 = 7
Thus sin q + cos q =
4 2
sin A sin ^90º - Ah
-1 + =- sin2 A 66. If q be an acute angle and 5 cosec q = 7 , then evaluate
cot ^90º - Ah
sin q + cos2 q - 1.
sin A sin ^90º - Ah Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
= 1 - sin2 A
cot ^90º - Ah
We have 5 cosec q = 7
sin A cos A = cos2 A
tan A cosec q = 7
5
sin A cos A = cos2 A
sin q = 5
sin A
cos A [cosec q = 1
]
7 sin q
cos A sin A cos A = cos2 A

sin A sin q + cos2 q - 1 = sin q - ^1 - cos2 qh
cos2 A = cos2 A Hence Proved. = sin q - sin2 q [sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]
= 5 - b 5 l = 35 - 25 = 10
2
64. Prove that : 1 - cos A = cosec A - cot A 7 7 49 49

1 + cos A
1 - cos A = 1 - cos A 1 - cos A THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

1 + cos A 1 + cos A # 1 - cos A
^1 - cos Ah
2
67. The rod of TV disc antenna is fixed at right angles
=
^1 - cos Ah to wall AB and a rod CD is supporting the disc as
2
shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m ,

^1 - cos Ah
2
find (i) tan q (ii) sec q + cosec q .
= 2
sin A
= 1 - cos A = 1 - cos A
sin A sin A sin A
= cosec A - cot A Hence Proved.
65. If sin q - cos q = 1 , then find the value of sin q + cos q .

2
We have sin q - cos q = 1

2
1 2
^sin q - cos qh = b 2 l
2
From the given information we draw the figure as

sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin q cos q = 1 below
4
1 - 2 sin q cos q = 1
4
2 sin q cos q = 1 - 1 = 3
4 4
Again, ^sin q + cos qh2 = sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q

= 1 + 2 sin q cos q
In right angle triangle TCAD , applying Pythagoras

theorem, We have sin q + cos q = 2

2
AD + AC = DC 2 2
Squaring both the sides, we get
AD2 + (1.5) 2 = (3) 2 (sin q + cos q) 2 = ( 2 ) 2
AD2 = 9 - 2.25 = 6.75 sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 2
AD = 6.75 = 2.6 m (Approx) 1 + 2 sin q cos q = 2

2 sin q cos q = 1
(i) tan q = AC = 1.5 = 15
AD 2.6 26
sin q cos q = 1 ...(1)
2
(ii) sec q + cosec q = CD + CD = 3 + 3 = 41
AD AC 2.6 1.5 13
Now tan q + cot q = sin q + cos q
cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q) cos q sin q
68. Show that : =1
tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q) 2 2
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] = sin q + cos q
cos q sin q
cos2 (45c + q) + cos2 (45c - q) 1
LHS = = = 11 = 2 = RHS
tan (60c + q) tan (30c - q) sin q cos q 2
cos2 (45c + q) + sin2 (90c - 45c + q) 71. If sin q + cos q = 3 , then prove that tan q + cot q = 1.
= Ans :
tan (60c + q) cot (90c - 30c + q) [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
cos2 (45c + q) + sin2 (45c + q) Given, sin q + cos q = 3

=
tan (60c + q) cot (60c + q) Squaring above equation, we have
= 1 = 1 = RHS sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 3
1
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 3
69. Prove that : cot q + cosec q - 1 = 1 + cot q
cot q - cosec q + 1 sin q
2 sin q cos q = 3 - 1 = 2
sin q cos q = 1
LHS = cot q + cosec q - 1
cot q - cosec q + 1 Now, tan q + cot q = sin q + cos q
cos q sin q
cos q
+ sin1 q - 1
= sin q 2 2
cos q
- sin1 q + 1 = sin q + cos q
sin q sin q cos q
sin q (cos q + 1 - sin q)
= = 1
sin q (cos q - 1 + sin q) sin q cos q
2
= sin q cos q + sin q - sin q Substituting value of sin q cos q we have
sin q (cos q + sin q - 1)
tan q + cot q = 1 =1 =1
sin q cos q + sin q - (1 - cos q) 2 sin q cos q 1
=
72. If 1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q , prove that tan q = 1 or ½.
2
sin q (cos q + 1) - (1 - cos q) Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
=
We have, 1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q
(1 + cos q) (sin q - 1 + cos q)
= Dividing by sin2 q on both sides, we get
1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q
= 1 + cos q = RHS sin2 q sin2 q sin2 q
sin q
1 + 1 = 3 cot q
70. If sin q + cos q = 2 prove that tan q + cot q = 2 sin2 q
cosec2 q + 1 = 3 cot q
1 + cot2 q + 1 = 3 cot q Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
cot2 q - 3 cot q + 2 = 0 LHS = sin A - cos A + 1

sin A + cos A - 1
cot2 q - 2 cot q - cot q + 2 = 0
= sin A - cos A + 1 # 1 + sin A
cot q (cot q - 2) - 1 (cot q - 2) = 0 sin A + cos A - 1 1 + sin A
(cot q - 2) (cot q - 1) = 0 ]sin A - cos A + 1g^1 + sin Ah

=
sin A + cos A - 1 + sin2 A + cos A sin A - sin A
cot q = 1 or 2
^sin A - cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah
tan q = 1 or ½. =
- 1 + cos A + ^1 - cos2 Ah + sin A cos A
73. Prove that ^sin A - cos A + 1h^1 + sin Ah
^sin q + cosec qh2 + ^cos q + sec qh2 = 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q =
cos A ^1 - cos A + sin Ah
= 1 + sin A = 1 + sin A
LHS = ^sin q + cosec qh2 + ^cos q + sec qh2 cos A cos A cos A
= ^sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q cosec qh + = sec A + tan A

^sec A + tan Ah
= # ^sec A - tan Ah
+ ^cos q + sec q + 2 cos q sec qh
2 2 ^sec A - tan Ah
2 2
= ^sin2 q + cos2 qh + ^cosec2 q + sec2 qh = sec A - tan A
sec A - tan A
+ 2 sin q # 1 + 2 cos q # 1 1
sin q cos q = = RHS
sec A - tan A
= 1 + ^1 + cot2 qh + ^1 + tan2 qh + 2 + 2 76. Prove that : 2 (sin6 q + cos6 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1 = 0
= 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
= RHS LHS = 2 (sin6 q + cos6 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
74. Prove that ^1 + cot A - cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah = 2 = 2 [(sin2 q) 3 + (cos2 q) 3] - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] = 2 [(sin2 q + cos2 q) (sin 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q + cos 4 q] +
LHS = ^1 + cot A - cosec Ah^1 + tan A + sec Ah - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
= b1 + cos A - 1 l b1 + sin A + 1 l = 2 (sin 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q + cos 4 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1

sin A sin A cos A cos A
= 2 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q - sin2 q cos2 q) - 3 (sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
= b sin A + cos A - 1 lb cos A + sin A + 1 l
sin A cos A =- sin 4 q - cos 4 q - 2 sin2 q cos2 q + 1
^sin A + cos A - 1h^cos A + sin A + 1h = - (sin 4 q + cos 4 q + 2 sin2 q cos2 q) + 1

=
sin A cos A
=- (sin2 q + cos2 q) 2 + 1
^sin A + cos Ah - ^1 h
2 2
=- 1 + 1 = 0 = RHS
=
sin A cos A
2 2 77. Prove that tan2 A + cosec2 A = 1
= sin A + cos A + 2 sin A cos A - 1 tan A - 1 sec A - cosec2 A 1 - 2 cos2 A
2 2
sin A cos A
= 1 + 2 sin A cos A - 1
sin A cos A tan2 A + cosec2 A
LHS =
= 2 = RHS tan A - 1 sec A - cosec2 A
2 2
sin2 A 1
75. Prove that sin A - cos A - 1 = 1
= cos2 A
+ sin 2 A
sin A + cos A - 1 sec A - tan A sin2 A
-1 1
cos 2 A
- 1
sin 2 A
cos2 A

sin2 A 1 40º + x = 60º

= cos2 A
sin2 A - cos2 A
+ sin2 A
sin2 A - cos2 A
cos2 A cos2 A sin2 A x = 60º - 40º = 20º
2 2
= sin A + cos A Thus x = 20º .
sin2 A - cos2 A sin2 A - cos2 A
1 80. In the given +PQR, right-angled at Q, QR = 9 cm
= and PR - PQ = 1 cm. Determine the value of
1 - cos2 A - cos2 A
sin R + cos R.
= 1
1 - 2 cos2 A
= RHS
78. If in a triangle ABC right angled at B, AB = 6

units and BC = 8 units, then find the value of
sin A cos C + cos A sin C .
As per question statement figure is shown below.
Using Pythagoras theorem we have
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
PQ2 + 92 = ^PQ + 1h2
PQ2 + 81 = ^PQ + 1h2
2 2 2
PQ2 + 81 = PQ2 + 1 + 2PQ
We have AC = 8 + 6 = 100
PQ = 40
AC = 10 cm
Since PR - PQ = 1, thus,
Now sin A = BC = 8 ;
AC 10 PR = 1 + 40 = 41
cos A = AB = 6 sin R + cos R = 40 + 9 = 49

AC 10 41 41 41
and sin C = AB = 6 ; 2
81. Evaluate : 5 cos 60º + 4 cos2 30º - tan2 45º
AC 10
sin 30º + cos2 60º
2
cos C = BC = 8 Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2013]

AC 10
5 cos2 60º + 4 cos2 30º - tan2 45º
Thus sin A cos C + cos A sin C = 8 # 8 + 6 # 6 sin2 30º + cos2 60º
10 10 10 10
5 ^ 12 h2 + 4 _
i - ^1 h2
3 2
= 64 + 36
2
=
100 100 ^2h +^2h
1 2 1 2
= 100 = 1 +3-1
5
100 = 4
4 + 4
1 1
79. If cos ^40º + x h = sin 30º, find the value of x . 5

+2 13
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] = 4

= 4
= 13
1
2
1
2
2
We have 82. Verify : 1 - cos q = sin q , for q = 60º
1 + cos q 1 + cos q
cos ^40º - x h = sin 30º Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
cos ^40º + x h = sin ^90º - 60ºh LHS = 1 - cos q = 1 - cos 60º

1 + cos q 1 + cos 60º
cos ^40º + x h = cos 60º
1 - 12 1 cos A + sin A
= = = 1 1
bcos 60º = 2 l
=
1 - ^ cos Ah 1 - ^ cos
sin A h
2
sin A A
1 + 12 3
2 3
sin q = sin 60º = cos2 A + sin2 A
RHS = cos A - sin A sin A - cos A
1 + cos q 1 + cos 60º
3 3
= cos2 A - sin2 A
= 2
= 2
= 1 cos A - sin A cos A - sin A
1 + 12 3
2 3
2 2
RHS = LHS = cos A - sin A
cos A - sin A
Hence, relation is verified for q = 60º.
^cos A - sin Ah^cos A + sin Ah
=
83. If tan A + cot A = 2, then find the value of ^cos A - sin Ah
tan2 A + cot2 A.
= cos A + sin A
= sin A + cos A
We have tan A + cot A = 2
= RHS Hence proved.
Squaring both sides, we have
^tan A + cot Ah = ^2h2

2
86. In TABC, +B = 90º, BC = 5 cm, AC - AB = 1,
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A cot A = 4 Evaluate : 1 + sin C .
1 + cos C
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A # =4
tan A
As per question we have drawn the figure given below.
2 2
tan A + cot A + 2 = 4
tan2 A + cot2 A = 4 - 2
tan2 A + cot2 A = 2
84. If cos q + sin q = 2 cos q, show that

cos q - sin q = 2 cos q.
We have cos q + sin q = 2 cos q

We have AC - AB = 1
We have sin q = 2 cos q - cos q
Let AB = x , then we have
= ^ 2 - 1h cos q
AC = x + 1
^ 2 - 1h^ 2 + 1h
= cos q
^ 2 + 1h Now AC2 = AB2 + BC2
^x + 1h2 = x + 5
2 2
Thus sin q = 1 cos q
2 +1
x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 25
^ 2 + 1h sin q = cos q 2x = 24
2 sin q + sin q = cos q
x = 24 = 12 cm
2
cos q - sin q = 2 sin q Hence proved.
Hence, AB = 12 cm and AC = 13 cm
85. Prove that : cos A + sin A = sin A + cos A.
1 - tan A 1 - cot A
Now sin C = AB = 12
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013, 2011] AC 13
LHS = cos A + sin A cos C = BC = 5

AC 13
1 - tan A 1 - cot A

Ans : [Bard Term-1 2015]

1 + sin C = 1 + 13 =
12 25
Now 13
= 25
1 + cos C 1 + 135 18 18
sin q - 2 sin3 q = sin q ^1 - 2 sin qh
13 2
cos A - sin A = cos A - sin A 2 cos3 - cos q cos q ^2 cos2 q - 1h

87. Prove that :
1 + tan A 1 + cot A
sin q ^sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin2 qh
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] =
cos q ^2 cos2 q - sin2 q - cos2 qh
cos A - sin A tan q ^cos2 q - sin2 qh
1 + tan A 1 + cot A =
^cos q - sin qh
2 2
= cos A - sin A
= tan q
1 + sin A 1 + cos A
cos A sin A
90. When is an equation called ‘an identity’. Prove the
= cos2 A - sin2 A trigonometric identity 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A .
cos A + sin A sin A + cos A Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2 2
= cos A - sin A Equations that are true no matter what value is
^sin A + cos Ah plugged in for the variable. On simplifying an identity
equation, one always get a true statement. Consider
^cos A + sin Ah^cos A - sin Ah the triangle shown below.
=
sin A + cos A
= cos A - sin A Hence Proved.
88. If b cos q = a, then prove that

cosec q + cot q = b+a .
b-a
We have b cos q = a
or, cos q = a Let tan q = P and sec q = H

b B B
Now consider the triangle shown below. H2 = P2 + B2
2
1 + tan2 q = 1 + b P l = 1 + P 2
2
Now
B B
2 2 2
= B +2 P = H2
B B
= b H l = sec2 q Hence Proved.

2
AC2 = AB2 - BC2 91. Prove that : ^cot q - cosec qh2 = 1 - cos q
1 + cos q
or, cos q = a Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
b
cot q - cosec q = cos q - 1
AC = b2 - a2 sin q sin q
b a cos q 1 2
Now cosec q = , cot q = ^cot q - cosec qh = b sin q - sin q l
2
b - a2
2
b - a2
2
= b cos q - 1 l
2
cosec q + cot q = b+a = b+a

b-a sin q
b2 - a2
^1 - cos qh
2
2 sin3 q = tan q = [[sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1]]

89. Prove that : sin q -
3
2
sin q
2 cos - cos q
^1 - cos qh
2
=
^1 - cos qh = 1 ; 2 sin q2 E
2
sin q 1 - sin q
^1 - cos qh (1 - cos q)
= 2 = 2 sec2 q
^1 - cos qh^1 + cos qh =
cos2 q
Hence Proved
= 1 - cos q Hence Proved. 95. Prove that :

1 + cos q 1 - 1 = 1 - 1 .
92. Prove that : cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A
^cosec q - sin qh^sec q - cos qh^tan q + cot qh = 1 Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
1 - 1 = 1 - 1
cosec A - cot A sin A sin A cosec A + cot A
LHS = ^cosec q - sin qh^sec q - cos qh^tan q + cot qh
1 1 = 1 + 1
= b 1 - sin q lb 1 - cos q lb sin q + cos q l +
cosec A - cot A cosec A + cot A sin A sin A
sin q cos q cos q sin q
2 2 2 2 1 + 1 = 2
= c 1 - sin q mc 1 - cos q mc sin q + cos q m cosec A - cot A cosec A + cot A sin A
sin q cos q sin q. cos q
2 2 cosec A + cot A + cosec A - cot A = 2
= cos q # sin q # b 1
^cosec A - cot Ah^cosec A + cot a h
sin q cos q l
[sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1] sin A
sin q cos q
2 cosec A = 2
= cos q sin q # 1 =1 cosec2 A - cot2 A sin A
sin q cos q
1
2 sinA
93. Show that : = 2
1 sin A
cosec2 q - tan2 ^90º - qh = sin2 q + sin ^90º - qh
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] 2 = 2 Hence Proved.
sin A sin A
cosec2 q - tan2 ^90º - qh
96. If sec q = x + 41x prove that sec q + tan q = 2x or, 21x
2 2
= cosec q - cot q Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
1 - cos2 q
= We have sec q = x + 1 (1)
sin2 q sin2 q 4x
2
q = sin2 q Squaring both side we have
= 1 - cos
2
sin q sin2 q
sec2 q = x2 + 2x 1 + 1 2
4x 16x
=1
= sin2 q + cos2 q 1 + tan2 q = x2 + 1 + 1 2
2 16x
= sin2 q + sin2 ^90º - qh
tan2 q = x2 + 1 + 1 2 - 1
2 16x
Hence Proved
2 2 = x2 - 1 + 1 2
94. Prove that : cosec q - cosec q = 2 sec2 q 2 16x
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] = x 2 - 2x 1 + 1 2
4x 16x
We have
tan2 q = bx - 1 l
2
2 2 4x
cosec q - cosec q = cosec2 q 1 1
cosec q - 1 cosec q + 1 ; 1 -1- 1
+ 1E Taking square root both sides we obtain
sin q sin q
= cosec2 q : sin q - sin q D tan q = ! bx - 1 l

1 - sin q 1 + sin q 4x
1 sin q ^1 + sin qh - ^1 - sin qh Now tan q = x - 1 (2)

= > H 4x
sin2 q ^1 - sin qh^1 + sin qh

tan q =- bx - 1 l =- x + 1
3 3 3 3
or
4x 4x
(3) 99. Prove that cos q + sin q + cos q - sin q = 2
cos q + sin q cos q - sin q
Adding (1) and (2) we have
3 3
tan q + sec q = 2x X = cos q + sin q
cos q + sin q
Adding (1) and (3) we have
^cos q + sin qh^cos q + sin q - sin q cos qh
2 2
sec q + tan q = 1 + 1 = 1 Hence proved. =

4x 4x 2x ^cos q + sin qh
= ^1 - sin q cos qh
97. Prove that : sin q - cos q + sin q + cos q = 2
sin q + cos q sin q - cos q 2 sin2 q - 1 3 3
Ans : Y = cos q - sin q

[Board Term-1 2011] cos q - sin q
LHS = sin q - cos q + sin q + cos q ^cos q - sin qh^cos q + sin q + sin q cos qh
2 2
sin q + cos q sin q - cos q =

^cos q - sin qh
^sin q - cos qh + ^sin q + cos qh
2 2
= = ^1 + sin q cos qh
sin2 q - cos2 q
Now given expression
^sin q + cos qh - 2 sin q cos q + ^sin q + cos qh + 2 sin q cos q
2 2 2 2
=
sin q - ^1 - sin qh
3 3 3 3
X + Y = cos q + sin q + cos q - sin q
2 2
cos q + sin q cos q - sin q

= 1+1
sin2 q - 1 + sin2 q = ^1 - sin q cos qh + ^1 + sin q cos qh
= 2 = RHS = 2 - sin q cos q + sin q cos q

2 sin2 q - 1
Hence Proved. = 2 = RHS Hence Proved.
98. If x sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q and x sin q = y cos q, 100.Express : sin A, tan A and cosec A in terms of sec A.
prove that x2 + y2 = 1. Ans : [Board Term-1 2011]
(1) sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
3 3
We have x sin q + y cos q = sin q cos q (1)
sin A = 1 - cos2 A
and x sin q = y cos q
= 1- 1
y cos q sec2 A
or, x = (2)
sin q
= sec2 A - 1 = sec2 A - 1
Eliminating x from equation (1) and (2) we obtain, sec A
sec2 A
y cos q 3
sin q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q
sin q (2) tan A = sin A = sin A sec A
cos A
y cos q sin2 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q
= sec2 A - 1
2 2
sec A # sec A
y cos q [sin q + cos q] = sin q cos q
y (sin2 q + cos2 q) = sin q = sec2 A - 1
y = sin q ...(3) (3) cosec A = 1 = sec A

sin A sec2 A - 1
Substituting this value of y in equation (2) we have,
101.If sin q + cos q = 2 , then evaluate tan q + cot q.
x = cos q (4)
Ans : [Board SQP 2018]
Squaring and adding equation (3) and (4), we get
We have sin q + cos q = 2
x2 + y2 = cos2 q + sin2 q = 1 Hence Proved.
^sin q + cos qh = ^ 2 h
2
2 Since, tan2 q = sec2 q - 1
sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 2 Substituting value of sec q we have

2
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 2 tan2 q = c x + 1 m - 1
4x
2 sin q cos q 2 - 1 = 1
1 = x2 + 2x + 1 2 - 1 = x2 + 1 2 - 1
=2 4x 16x 16x 2
sin q cos q
2
Now, tan q + cot q = sin q + cos q = cx - 1 m
cos q sin q 4x
2 2
= sin q + cos q tan q = ! e x - 1 o
cos q sin q 4x
= 1 =2 When sec q = x + 1 and tan q = x - 1 we have

cos q sin q 4x 4x
sec q + tan q = c x + 1 m + c x - 1 m = 2x
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 4x 4x
When sec q = x + 1 and tan q = - c x - 1 m we have

4x 4x
102.If sin q + cos q = 3 , then prove that tan q + cot q = 1
. sec q + tan q = c x + 1 m + '- c x - 1 m1
4x 4x
We have sin q + cos q = 3 = x+ 1 -x+ 1

4x 4x
Squaring both the sides, we get
= 2 = 1
(sin q + cos q) 2 = ( 3 ) 2 4x 2x
sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 3

104.If sin A = 3 calculate sec A.
4
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 3 Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
2 sin q cos q = 3 - 1 = 2
We have sin A = 3
4
sin q cos q = 1 ...(1)
Now cos2 A = 1 - sin2 A
Now tan q + cot q = sin q + cos q
cos q sin q
cos2 A = 1 - b 3 l = 1 - 9 = 7
2
2 2 4 16 16
= sin q + cos q
sin q cos q
cos A = 7
1 4
or tan q + cot q =
sin q cos q 1 = 4
Thus sec A =
Substituting the value of sin q cos q from equation (1) cos A 7
we have tan q cot q
105.Prove that: + = 1 + sec q cosec q
1 - cot q 1 - tan q
tan q + cot q = 1 = 1
1 Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
Hence, tan q + cot q = 1 tan q + cot q = tan q + tan q

1
1 - cot q 1 - tan q 1 - tan1 q 1 - tan q

103.If sec q = x + 1 , x ! 0 find ^sec q + tan qh .
4x tan2 q + 1
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] =
tan q - 1 tan q (1 - tan q)
We have sec q = x + 1 ...(1) tan2 q - 1

4x =
tan q - 1 tan q (tan q - 1)

= tan3 q - 1 sin Â + 2B h = sin 60c _sin 60c = 2

3
i
tan q (tan q - 1)
A + 2B = 60c ...(1)
(tan q - 1) (tan2 q + 1 + tan q)
=
tan q (tan q - 1) Also, given cos Â + 4B h = 0
2 cos Â + 4B h = cos 90c ]cos 90c = 0g
= tan q + 1 + tan q
tan q
A + 4B = 90c ...(2)
= tan q + cot q + 1 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get
- 2B =- 30c & B = 15c
= sin q + cos q + 1
cos q sin q From equation (1) we have
A + 2 ^15ch = 60c
2 2
= sin q + cos q + 1
sin q cos q
A = 60c - 30c = 30c
= 1 +1
sin q cos q Hence angle A = 30c and angle B = 15c.
= cosec q sec q + 1 108.If 4 tan q = 3 , evaluate b 4 sin q - cos q + 1 l

4 sin q + cos q - 1
Ans : [Board 2018]
= 1 + sec q cosec q Hence Proved
sin q sin q We have 4 tan q = 3 & tan q = 3

106.Prove that: = 2+ 4
cot q + cosec q cot q - cosec q
LHS = sin q
cot q + cosec q
We know very well that if tan q = 3 , then

2
= sin q = sin q
cos q
+ sin q
1 cos q + 1 4
sin q
2 (1 - cos q) (1 + cos q) sin q = and cos q = 4

3
5 5
= 1 - cos q =
cos q + 1 cos q + 1
Substituting above values in given expression,
= 1 - cos q ...(1)
4 sin q - cos q + 1 = 4 # 5 - 5 + 1 = 13
3 4
Now, RHS = 2 + sin q 4 sin q + cos q - 1 4 # 5 + 45 - 1

3 11
cot q - cosec q
sin q 2 109.Evaluate :
= 2+ = 2 + sin q tan2 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin2 90º tan2 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
cos q
sin q- sin q
1 cos q - 1
2 (cos2 q - 1) Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
2 + 1 - cos q = 2 -
cos q - 1 (cos q - 1) tan 30º sin 30º + cos 60º sin 90º tan 60º - 2 tan 45º cos2 0º sin 90º
2 2 2
(cos q - 1) (cos q + 1)
= 2- = c 1 m # 1 + 1 # ^1 h2 # ^ 3 h - 2 # 1 # 12 # 1
2 2
cos q - 1 2 2
3
= 2 - (cos q + 1) = 1 - cos q
= 1 #1+1#3-2
3 2 2
= LHS Hence Proved
= + - 2 = 1 + 9 - 12 = - 2 = - 1
1 3
107.Find A and B if sin Â + 2B h = 23 and 6 2 6 6 3
cos Â + 4B h = 0 , where A and B are acute angles. 110.Given that
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] tan Â + B h = tan A + tan B ,
1 - tan A tan B
We have sin Â + 2B h = 3 find the values of tan 75º and tan 90º by taking
2 suitable values of A and B.
We have tan Â + B h = tan A + tan B = 4 b 2 l - 3 b- 1 l

1 - tan A tan B 16 2
(i) tan 75º = tan ^45º + 30ºh =1+3 = 4 =2

2 2 2
= tan 45º + tan 30º
1 - tan 45º tan 30º 113.If 15 tan2 q + 4 sec2 q = 23, then find the value of
^sec q + cosec qh - sin q .
2 2
1+ 1
3 +1
= 3
= Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
1- 1
3 3 -1
^ 3 + 1h^ 3 + 1h We have 15 tan2 q + 4 sec2 q = 23

=
^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h 15 tan2 q + 4 ^tan2 q + 1h = 23
= 3 + 22 3 + 1 = 4 + 2 3 15 tan2 q + 4 tan2 q + 4 = 23
^ 3 h - ^1 h2 2
19 tan2 q = 19
= 2+ 3
tan q = 1 = tan 45º
Hence tan 75º = 2 + 3 Thus q = 45º
(ii) tan 90º = tan ^60º + 30ºh Now, ^sec q + cosec qh2 - sin2 q
= tan 60º + tan 30º = ^sec 45º + cosec 45ºh2 - sin2 45º
1 - tan 60º tan 30º
=^ 2 + 2h -c 1 m
2 2
3+1 2
3+ 1
3
= 3
=
0 = ^2 2 h - 1 = 8 - 1 = 15
2
1- 3# 1
3 2 2 2
Hence, tan 90º = 3 114.If 3 cot2 q - 4 cot q + 3 = 0 , then find the value of
cot2 q + tan2 q.
111.Evaluate : Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
sin 30º cos 45º + 4 tan 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1
2 2 2
2 24 We have 3 cot2 q - 4 cot q + 3 =0
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] Let cot q = x , then we have
sin2 30º cos2 45º + 4 tan2 30º + 1 sin 90º - 2 cos2 90º + 1 3 x2 - 4x + 3 =0
2 24
3 x2 - 3x - x + 3 =0
= b 1 l # c 1 m + 4 c 1 m + 1 ^1 h2 - 2 ^0h + 1
2 2 2
2 2 24
2 3 ^x - 3 h^ 3x - 1h = 0
= 1 b 1 l + 4b 1 l + 1 + 1 = 1 + 4 + 1 + 1 x = 3 or 1
4 2 3 2 24 8 3 2 24
3
= 3 + 32 + 12 + 1 Thus cot q = 3 or cot q = 1
24
3
= 48 = 2 Therefore q = 30º or q = 60º
24
If q = 30º, then
112.Evaluate : 4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh - 3 ^cos2 45 - sin2 90ºh
cot2 30º + tan2 30º = ^ 3 h + c 1 m
2 2
3
4 ^sin 4 30º + cos 4 60ºh - 3 ^cos2 45 - sin2 90ºh
= 3 + 1 = 10
3 3
= 4 ;b 1 l + b 1 l E - 3 =c 1 m - ^1 h2G
4 4 2
2 2 2 If q = 60º, then
= 4 : 1 + 1 D - 3 :1 - 1D cot2 60º + tan2 60º = c 1 m + ^ 3 h

2 2
16 16 2 3

= 1 + 3 = 10 . 2 Â - C h =- 15º
3 3
A - C =- 7.5º ...(3)
115.Evaluate the following :
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º Now A + B + C = 180º
sin2 30º + cos2 45º
A + C = 180c - 37.5c = 142.5º ...(4)
2 cos2 60º + 3 sec2 30º - 2 tan2 45º = ^ 2 h
2 1 2 + 3 ` 23 j2 - 2 ^1 h2
sin2 30º + cos2 45º ^2h +` 2 j 2A = 135º & A = 67.5º
1 2 1 2
2 ^ 12 h2 + 3 _ i - 2 ^1 h
2 2
3
2 and, C = 75º
=
^ h +_ i
1 2 1 2
2 2
Hence, +A = 67.5º, +B = 37.5º, +C = 75º
2
+4-2
= 4
= 10 118.Prove that b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2, if :
4 + 2
1 1 3
(1) x = a sec q, y = b tan q, or
tan q + cot q (2) x = a cosec q, y = b cot q
116.Prove that : = 1 + tan q + cot q.
1 - cot q 1 - tan q Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
(1) We have x = a sec q, y = b tan q,
1
tan q + cot q = tan q + tan q 2
x2 = sec2 q, y = tan2 q
1 - cot q 1 - tan q 1 - tan1 q 1 - tan q 2 2
a b
= tan2 q + 1 2
tan q - 1 ^1 - tan qh tan q or, x2 - y = sec2 q - tan2 q = 1
2 2
a b
= tan2 q - 1
tan q - 1 ^tan q - 1h tan q Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
(ii) We have x = a cosec q, y = b cot q
= tan3 q - 1
^tan q - 1h tan q 2
x2 = cosec2 q, y = cot2 q
2 2
a b
^tan q - 1h^tan q + tan q + 1h
2
=
^tan q - 1h^tan qh 2
x2 - y = cosec2 q - cot q = 1
2 2
2 a b
= tan q + tan q + 1
tan q Thus b2 x2 - a2 y2 = a2 b2 Hence Proved
= tan q + 1 + cot q 119.If cosec q - cot q = 2 cot q, then prove that
Hence Proved. cosec q + cot q = 2 cosec q.
117.In an acute angled triangle ABC if sin Â + B - C h = 12
and cos ^B + C - Ah = 12 find +A, +B and +C .
We have cosec q - cot q = 2 cot q
Squaring both sides we have
We have sin Â + B - C h = 1 = sin 30º
2 cosec2 q + cot2 q - 2 cosec q cot q = 2 cot2 q
A + B - C = 30º ...(1) cosec2 q - cot2 q = 2 cosec q cot q
and cos ^B + C - Ah = 1 = cos 45º ^cosec q + cot qh^cosec q - cot qh = 2 cosec q cot q
2
_cosec q - cot q = 2 cot q i
B + C - A = 45º ...(2)
^cosec q + cot qh 2 cot q = 2 cosec q cot q
cosec q + cot q = 2 cosec q
2B = 75º & B = 37.5º
Hence Proved.
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get,
120.Prove that : cosec A + cosec A

cot3 q sin3 q + tan3 q cos3 q = sec q cosec q - 1 cosec A - 1 cosec A + 1
^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh cosec q + sec q
2 2
2 2
= cosec A + cosec A + cosec A - cosec A
^cosec A - 1h^cosec A + 1h
cot3 q sin3 q + tan3 q cos3 q 2
A = 2 cosec2 A
= 2 cosec
^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh
2 2 2
cosec A - 1 cot2 A
3
cos 3 q
# sin q sin q
cos3 q
3
2
= sin 3 q
+ cos q # 3
= sin2 A
= 2 sin2 A
^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh
2 2 2 #
cos2 A
sin2 A
sin A cos2 A
= cos3 q sin3 q = 2 = 2 sec2 A Hence Proved.

2 +
^cos q + sin qh ^cos q + sin qh cos2 A
2
p2 - 1
^cos q + sin qh^cos q + sin q - sin q cos qh
2 2
124.If cosec q + cot q = p, then prove that cos q = .
= p2 + 1
^cos q + sin qh
2
q cos q
1
- sin
= 1 - sin q cos q = cos q sin q cos q sin q
^cosec q + cot qh - 1
2
cos q + sin q cos q q
+ cossinq sin p2 - 1
cos q sin q q =
^cosec q + cot qh + 1
2 2
p +1
= cosec q sec q - 1 Hence Proved
cosec q + sec q 2 2
= cosec2 q + cot2 q + 2 cosec q cot q - 1
cosec q + cot q + 2 cosec q cot q + 1
121.Prove that : sec q - 1 + sec q + 1 = 2 cosec q.
sec q + 1 sec q - 1 = 1 + cot2 q + cot2 q + 2 cosec q cot q - 1
Ans : [Board Terim-1, 2012]
cosec2 q + cosec2 q - 1 + 2 cosec q cot q + 1
2 cot q ^cot q + cosec qh
sec q - 1 + sec q + 1 = ^sec q - 1h + ^sec q + 1h =
2 cosec q ^cosec q + cot qh
sec q + 1 sec q - 1 ^sec q + 1h^sec q - 1h
2 sec q = 2 sec q = 2 sec q = cos q # sin q = cos q
= sin q
sec2 q - 1 tan2 q tan q
125.If a cos q + b sin q = m and a sin q - b cos q = n, prove
= 2 # 1 # cos q that m2 + n2 = a2 + b2
cos q sin q
= 2# 1
sin q We have
= 2 cosec q Hence Proved m2 = a2 cos2 q + 2ab sin q cos q + b2 sin2 q ...(1)
122.Prove that : tan q + sin q = sec q + 1 . and, n2 = a2 sin2 q - 2ab sin q cos q + b2 cos2 q ...(2)
tan q - sin q sec q - 1
Adding equations (1) and (2) we get
sin q
m2 + n2 = a2 ^cos2 q + sin2 qh + b2 ^cos2 q + sin2 qh
tan q + sin q = cos q + sin q
tan q - sin q sin q
cos q - sin q = a 2 ^1 h + b2 ^1 h
sin q ^ cos1 q + 1h = a2 + b2
=
sin q ^ cos1 q - 1h
= sec q + 1 126.Prove that : cos2 q + sin3 q = 1 + sin q cos q.

sec q - 1 1 - tan q sin q - cos q
Hence Proved. Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
123.Prove that : cosec A + cosec A = 2 sec2 A

cosec A - 1 cosec A + 1 cos2 q + sin3 q
1 - tan q sin q - cos q
2
= cossinqq + sin3 q
1 - cos q sin q - cos q

cos3 q sin3 q ^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh

2 2
= - = +
cos q - sin q cos q - sin q 2
cos q 2
cos q
3 3
= cos q - sin q = 1 + sin q + 1 - sin q = 1 + sin q + 1 - sin q
cos q - sin q cos q cos q cos q
^cos q - sin qh^cos q + sin q + sin q cos qh

2 2
= 2 = 2 sec q Hence Proved
=
^cos q - sin qh cos q
= 1 + sin q cos q Hence Proved 130.Prove that

^1 - sin q + cos qh = 2 ^1 + cos qh^1 - sin qh .
2
127.If cos q + sin q = p and sec q + cosec q = q, prove that
q ^p2 - 1h = 2p
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] ^1 - sin q + cos qh
2
We have cos q + sin q = p and sec q + cosec q = q = 1 + sin2 q + cos2 q - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q + 2 cos q
q ^p2 - 1h = ^sec q + cosec qh [^cos q + sin qh2 - 1]
= 1 + 1 - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q + 2 cos q
= ^sec q + cosec qh^cos q + sin q + 2 sin q cos q - 1h
2 2
= 2 + 2 cos q - 2 sin q - 2 sin q cos q
= ^sec q + cosec qh [1 + 2 sin q cos q - 1]
= 2 ^1 + cos qh - 2 sin q ^1 + cos qh
= b 1 + 1 l^2 sin q cos qh = ^1 + cos qh^2 - 2 sin qh
cos q sin q
= 2 ^1 + cos qh^1 - sin qh Hence Proved
= b sin q + cos q l 2 sin q cos q
cos q sin q
131.Prove that : tan q + sec q - 1 = sec q + tan q
= 2 ^sin q + cos qh = 2p Hence Proved. tan q - sec q - 1
128.If x = r sin A cos C, y = r sin A sin C and z = r cos A, tan q + sec q - 1

then prove that x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 tan q - sec q + 1
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012, Set-50]
^tan q + sec qh - ^sec q - tan qh
2 2
=
Since, x2 = r2 sin2 A cos2 C tan q - sec q + 1
y2 = r2 sin2 A sin2 C ^tan q + sec qh - ^sec q - tan qh^sec q + tan qh

=
tan q - sec q + 1
and z2 = r2 cos2 A
x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 sin2 A cos2 C + r2 sin2 A sin2 C + r2 cos2 A ^tan q + sec qh (1 - sec q + tan q)
=
tan q - sec q + 1
= r2 sin2 A ^cos2 C + sin2 C h + r2 cos2 A
= tan q + sec q Hence Proved
= r2 sin2 A + r2 cos2 A
132.Prove that :
= r2 ^sin2 A + cos2 Ah
^sin q + cosec qh + ^cos q + sec qh = 7 + tan q + cot q cot q
2 2 2 2 2
2
=r Hence Proved. Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
1 + sin q + 1 - sin q = 2 sec q . ^sin q + cosec qh + ^cos q + sec qh

2 2
129.Prove that:
1 - sin q 1 + sin q
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] = sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q cosec q + cos2 q
1 + sin q + 1 - sin q + sec2 q + 2 cos q sec q

1 - sin q 1 + sin q
= ^sin2 q + cos2 qh + cosec2 q + 2 + sec2 q + 2
^1 + sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh ^1 - sin qh
= + = 1 + ^1 + cot2 qh + 2 + ^1 + tan2 qh + 2
^1 - sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh
# #
= 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q Hence Proved
^1 + sin qh ^1 - sin qh
2 2
= +
^1 - sin qh
2
1 - sin2 q
133.If sin q = c and d > 0, find the value of cos q cot2 q - tan2 q
=
c + d2
2
2 + cot2 q + tan2 q
and tan q.
^ 5 h - ^ 15 h2
2
=
2 + ^ 5 h + ` 15 j2
2
We have sin q = c
c2 + d2 5 - 15
= = 25 - 1 = 24 = 2
2 + 5 + 15 35 + 1 36 3
Now cos2 q = 1 - sin2 q
2
sin2 q + cos2 q = c 1 m + e 5
2
= 1 - b 2c 2 l (2) o
2
c +d 6 6
= 1- c2 =1+5=6
6 6 6
c + d2
2
2 2 2 2 =1 Hence proved.
= c +2 d -2 c = 2 d 2
c +d c +d
135.If sec q + tan q = p, show that sec q - tan q = 1 ,
d p
Thus cos q = Hence, find the values of cos q and sin q.
c2 + d2
c
We have sec q + tan q = p (1)
Again, tan q = sin q = c2 + d2 = c
cos q d d
1 = 1 (sec q - tan q)
c2 + d2 Now
p sec q + tan q # (sec q - tan q)
Thus tan q = c
d
= sec2 q - tan2q = sec q - tan q
134.If tan q = 1 , sec q - tan q
5
2 2 1 = sec q - tan q
(1) Evaluate : cosec2 q - sec2 q or
p
(2)
cosec q + sec q
(2) Verify the identity : sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
Solving sec q + tan q = p and sec q - tan q = 1 ,
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] p
p2 + 1
We have tan q = 1 sec q = 1 b p + 1 l =
2 p 2p
5
2p
We draw the triangle as shown below and write all Thus cos q =
p2 + 1
dimensions.
p2 - 1
and tan q = 1 b p - 1 l =
2 p 2p
p2 - 1
and sin q = tan q cos q =
p2 + 1
136.Prove that : ^cosec q + cot qh2 = sec q + 1

sec q - 1
Ans :
1 =
Now cot q = 5 ^cosec q + cot qh = cosec q + cot q + 2 cosec q. cot q
2 2 2
tan q
= b 1 l + b cos q l + 2 # 1 # cos q
2 2
sin q = 1 sin q sin q sin q sin q

6
= 1 + cos2 q + 2 cos q
cos q = 5
sin2 q sin2 q sin2 q
6
^1 + cos qh
2
^1 + cot qh - ^1 + tan qh
2
= 1 + cos q 2+ 2 cos q =
2 2 2 2
(1) cosec2 q - sec2 q = sin q 2
1 - cos q
^1 + cot qh + ^1 + tan qh
2 2
cosec q + sec q

^1 + cos qh^1 + cos qh = ^sec A - tan Ah2 ^sec A - tan B h2 ^sec C - tan C h2
=
^1 + cos qh^1 - cos qh
or, 1 = 8^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C hB2
1 + sec1 q
= 1 + cos q = or, ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C + tan C h = ! 1
1 - cos q 1 - sec1 q
139.If 4 sin q = 3, find the value of x if
= sec q + 1 Hence Prove.
sec q - 1 cosec2 q - cot2 q + 2 cot q = 7 + cos q
sec2 q - 1 x
137.Prove that :
^sin A + sec Ah + ^cos A + cosec Ah = ^1 + sec A cosec Ah
2 2 2 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

We have sin q = 3
4
LHS = ^sin A + sec Ah2 + ^cos A + cosec Ah2
1 2 + cos A + 1 2 or, sin2 q = 9
= b sin A +
cos A l b sin A l
16
2 2
Since sin q + cos = 1, we have
= sin2 A + 1 + 2 sin A + cos2 A +
cos2 A cos A cos2 q = 1 - sin2 q = 1 - 9 = 7
16 16
+ 12 + 2 cos A
sin A sin A 7
cos q =
4
= sin A + cos A + 12 + 12 +
2 2
sin A cos A 3
and tan q = sin q = 4
= 3
cos q
+ 2 b sin A + cos A l
7
4 7
cos A sin A
Thus cosec2 q - cot2 q + 2 cot q = 7 + cos q
2 2
+ cos A + 2 sin A + cos A2 2
sec2 q - 1 x
= 1 + sin A c sin A cos A m
sin2 A cos2 A
1 +2 7 7 7
1 2 # 3 = x + 4
= 1+ + tan2 q
sin2 A cos2 A sin A cos A
1 +2 7 = 7 + 7
= b1 + 1 2
tan q x
sin A cos A l
3 4
7 +2 7 - 7 = 7
= ^1 + sec A cosec Ah2 Hence Proved 3 3 4 x
138.If ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h 4 7- 7 = 7

= ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h 4 x
Prove that each of the side is equal to ! 1.
3 7 = 7
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 4 x
We have Thus x =4
3
^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h
140.Prove that sec2 q + cosec2 q can never be less than 2.
= ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
Ans : [Board-Term 1 2011]
Multiply both sides by
^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h Let sec2 q + cosec2 q = x
1 + tan2 q + 1 + cot2 q = x
or, ^sec A + tan Ah^sec B + tan B h^sec C + tan C h #
2 + tan2 q + cot2 q = x
^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
2 + tan2 q + cot2 q = x
= ^sec A - tan Ah2 ^sec B - tan B h2 ^sec C - tan C h2
tan2 q $ 0 and cot2 q $ 0
or, ^sec A - tan Ah^sec B - tan B h^sec C - tan C h
2 2 2 2 2 2
Thus x > 2
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Thus sec2 q + cosec2 q > 2 = 4 sin A tan A

Hence sec2 q + cosec2 q can never be less than 2. 4 mn = 4 ^tan A + sin Ah^tan A - sin Ah
141.(a) Solve for f , if tan 5f = 1 = 4 tan2 A - sin2 A

sin f 1 + cos f
(b) Solve for f , if + =4 =4 sin2 A - sin2 A
1 + cos f sin f
cos2 A
Ans :
=4 sin2 A - sin2 A cos2 A
(a) tan 5f = 1 cos2 A
tan 5f = tan 45º sin2 A ^1 - cos2 Ah
=4
5f = 45º cos2 A
Thus f = 9º =4 sin2 A # sin2 A

cos2 A
sin f 1 + cos f
(b) + =4
1 + cos f sin f = 4 sin A # sin A
cos A
sin2 f + ^1 + cos qh2 = 4 sin A # sin A
=4 cos A
sin f ^1 + cos fh
sin2 f + 1 + 2 cos f + cos2 f = 4 sin A tan A

=4
sin f + sin f cos f Thus m2 - n2 = 4 mn Hence Proved
2 2
sin f + cos f + 1 + 2 cos f cos a = m cos a = n,
=4
sin f ^1 + cos fh 143.If and show that
2 b
cos sin b
^m + n h cos b = n .
2 2 2
2 + 2 cos f Ans : [Board-Term 1 2010]

=4
sin f ^1 + cos fh
cos a = m and cos a = n
2 ^1 + cos fh We have
cos b sin b
=4
sin f ^1 + cos fh
2 2
2 =4 m2 = cos 2a and n2 = cos 2 a

cos b sin b
sin f
cos2 a cos2 a cos2 b
^m + n h cos b = = 2 +
sin2 b G
2 2 2
sin f = 1 cos b
2
sin f = sin 30c = cos2 a ; 12 + 12 E cos2 b

cos b sin b
Thus f = 30º sin2 b + cos2 b
= cos2 a cos2 b
cos2 b sin2 b
142.If tan A + sin A = m and tan A - sin A = n, show
that m2 - n2 = 4 mn . = cos2 a c 1
cos2 b sin2 b m
cos2 b
Ans : [Board-Term 1 2009]
2
We have tan A + sin A = m = cos 2 a
sin b
and tan A - sin A = n
= n2 Hence Proved.
m - n = ^tan A + sin Ah - ^tan A - sin Ah
2 2 2 2
144.If 7 cosec f - 3 cot f = 7, prove that

= ^tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan Ah 7 cot f - 3 cosec f = 3.
- ^tan2 A + sin2 A - 2 sin A tan Ah Ans :
= tan2 A + sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A We have 7 cosec f - 3 cot f = 7
- tan2 A - sin2 A + 2 sin A tan A 7 cosec f - 7 = 3 cot f

7 ^cosec f - 1h = 3 cot f building materials.

7 ^cosec f - 1h^cosec f + 1h = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h
7 ^cosec2 f - 1h = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h
7 cot2 f = 3 cot f ^cosec f + 1h
7 cot f = 3 ^cosec f + 1h
7 cot f - 3 cosec f = 3 Hence Proved
145.Prove that : cos q - sin q + 1 = cosec q + cot q

cos q + sin q - 1
Ans : [Board SQP 2018]
LHS = cos q - sin q + 1

cos q + sin q - 1
sin q ^cos q - sin q + 1h
=
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h A crane stands on a level ground. It is represented by
2 a tower AB , of height 24 m and a jib BR . The jib
= sin q cos q - sin q + sin q
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h is of length 16 m and can rotate in a vertical plane
about B . A vertical cable, RS , carries a load S . The
sin q cos q + sin q - ^1 - cos2 qh diagram shows current position of the jib, cable and
=
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h load.
sin q ^cos q + 1h - 8^1 - cos qh^1 + cos qhB

=
sin q ^cos q + sin q - 1h
^1 + cos qh^sin q - 1 + cos qh

=
^1 + cos qh^cos q + sin q - 1h

=
= 1 + cos q
sin q
= 1 + cos q
sin q sin q
= cosec q + cot q Hence Proved
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (i) What is the distance BS ?

(a) 8 3 m (b) 4 3 m
(c) 4 2 m (d) 8 2 m
146.Tower cranes are a common fixture at any major
construction site. They’re pretty hard to miss -- they (ii) What is the angle that the jib, BR , makes with
often rise hundreds of feet into the air, and can reach the horizontal ?
out just as far. The construction crew uses the tower (a) 45c (b) 30c
crane to lift steel, concrete, large tools like acetylene (c) 60c (d) 75c
torches and generators, and a wide variety of other
(iii) What is the measure of the angle BRS ?
(a) 60c (b) 75c
(c) 30c (d) 45c
(iv) Now the jib BR , has been rotated and the length
RS is increased. The load is now on the ground
at a point 8 m from A. What is the angle through

which the jib has been rotated ?
(a) 15c (b) 25c
(c) 30c (d) 45c
(v) What is the length by which RS has been
increased?
(a) 8 3 m (b) 8 ( 3 + 1) m
(c) 8 ( 2 + 1) m (d) 8 ( 3 + 2) m
Ans :
(i) As per information given in question we make the
diagram as below.
(v) RT = 162 - 82 = 8 3
RS = RT + TS
= RT + AB
= 8 3 + 24
Increase in length = 8 3 + 24 - 8
= 8 3 + 16
= 8 ^ 3 + 2h
2 2 2
16 = 8 + BS Thus (d) is correct option.
BS = 162 - 82 = 8 3
(ii) Let jib make q with horizontal.
Now, sin q = 8 = 1 = sin 30c Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
16 2
Thus q = 30c
(iii) q + 90c + +BRS = 180c
30c + 90c + +BSR = 180c
+BSR = 180c - 30c - 90c
= 60c
(iv) We make the digram as below on the information
given.
Here BT = AS = 8 m
In triangle TBTR ,
cos f = 8 = 1 = cos 60c

16 2
f = 60c
f - q = 60c - 30c = 30c

Chap 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry Page 247
CHAPTER 9
SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY
ONE MARK QUESTIONS angle of elevation
4. The .......... of an object viewed, is the angle

formed by the line of sight with the horizontal
1. In Figure, the angles of depressions from the observing
when it is below the horizontal level, i.e., the
positions O1 and O2 respectively of the object A are
case when we lower our head to look at the
.................. .
object.
angle of depression
5. In the adjoining figure, the positions of observer and

object are marked. The angle of depression is ..........
Here we have drawn O1 X parallel to AC .
Ans : [Board 2008]
30c
6. If the angle of depression of an object from a 75 m

high tower is 30c, then what is the distance of the
object from the tower?
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017
+AO1 X = 90c - 60c = 30c We have tan 30c = AB

OB
+AO2 X = +BAO2 = 45c
1 = 75
3 OB
2. The .......... is the line drawn from the eye of
an observer to the point in the object viewed OB = 75 3 m
by the observer.
Ans :
line of sight
3. The .......... of an object viewed, is the angle

formed by the line of sight with the horizontal
when it is above the horizontal level, i.e., the
case when we raise our head to look at the
object.
Page 248 Some Applications of Trigonometry Chap 9
7. A tree casts a shadow 15 m long on the level of ground,

when the angle of elevation of the sun is 45c. Find the
height of a tree.
Let BC be the tree of height h meter. Let AB be the

shadow of tree.
In TABC , h = tan q
3h
tan q = 1 & q = 30c

3
10. In the given figure, the positions of the observer and

the object are mentioned, find the angle of depression?
In TABC , CB = 90c
BC = tan 45c
BA
BC = AB = 15 m
8. If the height and length of the shadow of a man are

equal, then find the angle of elevation of the sun.
Let AB be the height of a man and BC be the shadow

of a man.
AB = BC Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
In TABC , tan q = AB We have +XCA = +CAB = 60c

BC
Hence, angle of depression = 60c
AB = tan q
AB
tan q = 1 & q = 45c
11. A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is

tightly stretched and tied from the top of a vertical
pole to the ground. If the angle made by the rope
9. The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is with the ground level is 30c, then what is the height
1 : 3 then what is the angle of elevation of the sun ? of pole?
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
Let AB be the rod of length h , BC be its shadow of Let AB be the vertical pole and CA be the 20 m long
length 3 h , q be the angle of elevation of the sun. rope such that its one end A is tied from the top of

the vertical pole AB and the other end C is tied to a = 20 - 14 = 6 m

point C on the ground.
In 3 BDE , sin 30c = DE
BD
1 = 6 & BD = 12 m
2 BD
Thus length of wire is 12 m.
13. An observer, 1.5 m tall is 20.5 away from a tower

22 m high, then what is the angle of elevation of the
top of the tower from the eye of observer?
Ans : [Board 2010]
Let BE = 22 m be the height of the tower and

AD = 1.5 m be the height of the observer. The point
In 3 ABC , we have D be the observer’s eye. We draw DC < AB as shown
below.
sin 30c = AB
AC
1 = AB
2 AC
1 = AB & AB = 10 m
2 20
Hence, the height of the pole is 10 m.
12. The top of two poles of height 20 m and 14 m are

connected by a wire. If the wire makes an angle of 30c
with the horizontal, then find the length of the wire.
Height of big pole, CD = 20 m

Height of small pole, AB = 14 m Then, AB = 20.5 m = DC
and EC = BE - BC = BE - AD
= 22 - 1.5 = 20.5 m
[BC = AD ]
Let q be the angle of elevation make by observer’s eye
to the top of the tower i.e. +DCE ,
tan q = P = CE = 20.5
B DC 20.5
tan q = 1
tan q = tan 45c & q = 45c
14. The ratio of the height of a tower and the length of its
shadow on the ground is 3 | 1. What is the angle
of elevation of the sun ?
Let height of tower be AB and its shadow be BC .

DE = CD - CE As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
= CD - AB [AB = CE ]
PQ = 50 # 6 = 75 m
4
16. A ladder 15 m long leans against a wall making an

angle of 60º with the wall. Find the height of the point
where the ladder touches the wall.
Let the height of wall be h . As per given in question

we have drawn figure below.
AB = tan q = 3 = tan 60c

BC 1
Hence, angle of elevation of sun is 60c.
15. A 6 m high tree cast a 4 m long shadow. At the same

time, a flag pole cast a shadow 50 m long. How long
is the flag pole?
Ans : [Board 2009]
Let AB be height of tree and BC its shadow.

h = cos 60º
15
h = 15 # cos 60º
= 15 # 1 = 7.5 m
2
17. A pole casts a shadow of length 2 3 m on the ground,
when the Sun’s elevation is 60º. Find the height of the
pole.
Let the height of pole be h. As per given in question

Again, let PQ be height of pole and QR be its shadow. we have drawn figure below.
At the same time, the angle of elevation of tree and
poles are equal i.e 3 ABC + PQR
Now h = tan 60º

2 3
Thus AB = PQ
BC QR h = 2 3 tan 60º
6 = PQ =2 3# 3 =6 m
4 50

18. If the length of the ladder placed against a wall is 1 = h - 1.7

twice the distance between the foot of the ladder and 3 20 3
the wall. Find the angle made by the ladder with the
horizontal. h - 1.7 = 20 & h = 20 + 1.7 = 21.7 m
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] 20. In figure, a tower AB is 20 m high and BC , its
Let the distance between the foot of the ladder and shadow on the ground, is 20 3 m long. find the Sun’s
the wall is x , then length of the ladder will be 2x . As altitude.
per given in question we have drawn figure below.
In TABC, +B = 90º Let the +ACB be q .
cos A = x = 1 = cos 60º tan q = AB = 20 = 1 = tan 30c

2x 2 BC 20 3 3
A = 60º Thus q = 30c
19. An observer, 1.7 m tall, is 20 3 m away from a tower. 21. In the given figure, AB is a 6 m high pole and DC is
The angle of elevation from the eye of observer to the a ladder inclined at an angle of 60c to the horizontal
top of tower is 30º. Find the height of tower. and reaches up to point D of pole. If AD = 2.54 m,
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] find the length of ladder. ( use 3 = 1.73 )
Let height of the tower AB be h . As per given in

question we have drawn figure below.

Here AE = h - 1.7
We have AD = 2.54 m
and BC = DE = 20 3
DB = 6 - 2.54 = 3.46 m
In TADE, +E = 90º
In TBCD , +B = 90c
tan 30º = h - 1.7
20 3 sin 60c = BD
DC
Here AE = 1.5 m is height of observer and BD = 30 m

3 = 3.46 m is tower.
2 DC
Now BC = 30 - 1.5 = 28.5 m
DC = 3.46 # 2 = 3.46 = 4 In TBAC, tan q = BC
3 1.73 AC
Thus length of ladder is 4 m.
tan q = 28.5 = 1 = tan 45c
22. A ladder, leaning against a wall, makes an angle of 28.5
60c with the horizontal. If the foot of the ladder is 2.5
q = 45c
m away from the wall, find the length of the ladder.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2011] Hence angle of elevation is 45c.
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. 24. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from
two points distant a and b â 2 b h from its foot and in
the same straight line from it are respectively 30c and
60c, then find the height of the tower.
Let the height of tower be h . As per given in question

In TACB with +C = 60c, we get
cos 60c = 2.5

AC
1 = 2.5
2 AC
AC = 2 # 2.5 = 5 m
23. An observer 1.5 m tall is 28.5 m away from a tower

30 m high. Find the angle of elevation of the top of h = tan 30c
From TABD,
the tower from his eye. a
h =a# 1 = a ...(1)
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. 3 3
From TABC , h = tan 60c

b
h = b# 3 =b 3 ...(2)
From (1) we get a = 3h
From (2) get b = h

3
Thus a#b = 3h# h

3
ab = h2
h = ab
Hence, the height of the tower is ab .

25. The angle of depression of a car parked on the road

from the top of a 150 m high tower is 30c. Find the x =7 3# 3 = 21 m
distance of the car from the tower (in m).
From TADC ,
Let the distance of the car from the tower be d . As tan 60c = 7 3
y
3 = 7 3 & y = 7 m.
y
Now BC = BD + DC = 21 + 7 = 28 m.
Hence, the value of BC is 28 m.
27. The top of two poles of height 16 m and 10 m are

connected by a length l meter. If wire makes an angle
of 30c with the horizontal, then find l .
Let AB and CD be two poles, where AB = 10 m,

CD = 16 m.
Due to alternate angles we have As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
+CAX = +ACB = 30c
In TABC , +B = 90c
tan 30c = 150

d
1 = 150
3 d
Thus d = 150 3 m.
26. In the given figure, if AD = 7 3 m, then find the

value of BC .
Length CE = CD - CE = CD - AB
= 16 - 10 = 6 m.
From TAEC , sin 30c = CE

l
1 = CE
2 l
l = 2CE = 6 # 2 = 12 m.
Let BD = x and DC = y Hence, the value of l is 12 m.
From TADB we get
28. A pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2 3 m long on the
ground, then find the Sun’s elevation.
tan 30c = 7 3
x Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
1 =7 3 Let the Sun’s elevation be q . As per given in question

3 x
we have drawn figure below. Let AB be the tower whose height be h . As per given
in question we have drawn figure below.
Here shadow is BC = 30 m.
Length of pole is 6 m and length of shadow is 2 3 m. From TABC , we get
From TABC, we have AB = tan 60c
BC
tan q = AB = 6 = 3 = 3 = tan 60c
BC 2 3 3 h = 3 & h = 30 3 m
30
q = 60c
Hence, height of tower is 30 3 m.
Hence sun’s elevation is 60c.
29. Find the angle of elevation of the top of the tower 31. Find the length of kite string flying at 100 m above
from the point on the ground which is 30 m away from the ground with the elevation of 60c.
the foot of the tower of height 10 3 m. Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Let the length of kite string AC = l . As per given in
Let the angle of elevation of top of the tower be q . question we have drawn figure below.
As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
Here +ACB = 60c, height of kite AB = 100 m.

From TABC ,
From TABC , we have
tan q = AB = 10 3 = 1 = tan 30c
BC 30 3 sin 60c = AB
BC
Thus q = 30c
3 = 100
Hence angle of elevation is 30c. 2 l
30. If the altitude of the sun is 60c, what is the height of l = 2 # 100 = 200 m
a tower which casts a shadow of length 30 m ? 3 3
= 200 # 3 = 200 3 m
3 3 3

Since +PAC = 60c & +ACB = 60c

Hence length the kite string is 200 3
3
Let CB = x . Now in TABC ,
32. If a tower 30 m high, casts a shadow 10 3 m long
on the ground, then what is the angle of elevation of tan 60c = AB
BC
the sun ?
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] 3 = 40
x
Tower AB is 30 m and shadow BC is 10 3 . As per
given in question we have drawn figure below. x = 40 = 40 # 3 = 40 3 m
3 3# 3 3
Hence, the boat is 40 3 m away from the foot of

3
light house.
34. ‘Skysails’ is that genre of engineering science that uses

extensive utilization of wind energy to move a vessel
in the sea water. The ‘Skysails’ technology allows the
towing kite to gain a height of anything between 100
metres – 300 metres. The sailing kite is made in such
a way that it can be raised to its proper
elevation and then brought back with the
help of a ‘telescopic mast’ that enables the
kite to be raised properly and effectively.
In right TABC we have, Based on the following figure related to sky
sailing, answer the questions:
tan q = AB = 30 = 3 = tan 60c
BC 10 3
Thus q = 60c
so, angle of elevation of sun is 60c.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
33. From the top of light house, 40 m above the water, the
angle of depression of a small boat is 60c. Find how
far the boat is from the base of the light house. (i) In the given figure, if sin i = cos (3i - 30c), where
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] i and 3i - 30c acute angles, then find the value
Let AB be the light house and C be the position of of i .
the boat. As per given in question we have drawn (ii) What should be the length of the rope of the
figure below. kite sail in order to pull the ship at the angle i
calculated above and be at a vertical height of 200
m?
(i) We have sin i = cos (3i - 30c)

Writing sin i = cos (90c - i) we have
cos (90c - i) = cos (3i - 30c)
Comparing angle we have
90c - i = 3i - 30c
90c + 30c = 3i + i & 4i = 120c
4i = 120c & i = 30c
(ii) We make the figure as given below. the tree to the point where the top touches the ground
is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
Let the tree be AC and is broken at B . The broken

part touches at the point D on the ground. As per
given in question we have drawn figure below.
In triangle 9ABC we have

AB
sin i = AC
200
sin 30c = AC
1 200
2 = AC & AC = 400 m.
Thus length of rope is 400 mm
35. A kite is flying at a height of 90 m above the ground.

The string attached to the kite is temporarily tied to
a point on the ground. The inclination of the string
with the ground is 60c. Find the length of the string
assuming that there is no slack in the string.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2011, 2014]
In right TCBD , cos 30c = BD
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. CD
3 = 8
2 CD
CD = 16
3
and tan 30c = BC

BD
1 = BC
3 8
BC = 8
3
In right TABC , we have Height of tree,
sin 60c = AB BC + CD = 8 + 16 = 24 = 8 3
AC 3 3 3
3 = 90 Hence the height of the tree is 8 3 m.
2 x
37. If the shadow of a tower is 30 m long, when the Sun’s
x = 90 # 2 = 180 = 3 # 60 elevation is 30c. What is the length of the shadow,
3 3 3 when Sun’s elevation is 60c ?
= 60 3 = 60 # 1.732 Ans : [Board Term-2 2011]
Hence length of string is 103.92 m. As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
Here AB is tower and BD is shadow at 60c and BC
36. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends is shadow at 30c elevation.
so that the top of the tree touches the ground making
an angle 30c with it. The distance between the foot of

1 = 10
3 AP
AP = 10 3
Distance of the building from P ,
= 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
Now tan 45c = AD

AP
1 = 10 + x
17.32
AB = tan 30c x = 17.32 - 10.00 = 7.32 m

In TABC ,
BC Hence, length of flagstaff is 7.32 m.
AB = tan 30c = 1 39. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from
30 3 the foot of the tower is 30c and the angle of elevation
of the top of the tower from the foot of the building
AB = 30 = 10 3 is 45c. If the tower is 30 m high, find the height of
3
the building.
In TABD , AB = tan 60c Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
BD
Let the height of the building be AB = h . and distant
10 3 = tan 60c = 3 between tower and building be, BD = x . As per given
BD in question we have drawn figure below.
BD = 10 m
Hence the length of shadow is 10 m.
38. From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation

of the top of a 10 m tall building is 30c. A flag is
hoisted at the top the of the building and the angle
of elevation of the length of the flagstaff from P is
45c. Find the length of the flagstaff and distance of
building from point P . [Take 3 = 1.732 ]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2011, Delhi 2012, 2013]
Let height of flagstaff be BD = x . As per given in

In TABD tan 45c = AB

BD
1 = 30
x
x = 30 ...(1)
Now in TBDC ,
tan 30c = CD
BD
1 =h
3 x
3h = x & h = x ...(2)
tan 30c = AB 3
AP
From (1) and (2), we get
h = 30 = 10 3 m.
3
Therefore height of the building is 10 3 m
40. A player sitting on the top of a tower of height 20 m

observes the angle of depression of a ball lying on the
ground as 60c. Find the distance between the foot of
the tower and the ball. Take 3 = 1.732
Let C be the point where the ball is lying. As per

In TABD , tan 60c = AB

BD
3 = 50
BD
BD = 50
3
Now in TBDC ,
tan 30c = CD
BD
1 = h =h 3
3
50 50
Due to alternate angles we obtain 3
+XAC = +ACB = 60c 3h = 50
In TABC , tan 60c = AB h = 50 = 16.67

3
BC
Hence, the height of the building is 16.67 m.
3 = 20
x 42. An electric pole is 10 m high. A steel wire tied to top
of the pole is affixed at a point on the ground to keep
x = 20 = 20 c 3 m the pole up right. If the wire makes an angle of 45º
3 3
with the horizontal through the foot of the pole, find
Hence, distance between ball and foot of tower is the length of the wire. [Use 2 = 1.414 ]
11.53 m. Ans : [Board Term-2 2016]
Let OA be the electric pole and B be the point on the

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS ground to fix the pole. Let BA be x .
41. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from
the foot of a tower is 30c and the angle of elevation
of the top of a tower from the foot of the building is
60c. If the tower is 50 m high, then find the height of
the building.

the figure below.

In TABC we have, 3 h - h = 50 3
sin 45º = AB h ^ 3 - 1h = 50 3
AC
50 ^3 + 3h
1 = 10 h = 50 3 =
AC 3 -1 2
2
AC = 10 2 = 10 # 1.414 = 25 (3 + 3)
= 14.14 m = 75 + 25 3 = 118.25 m
Hence, the length of wire is 14.14 m Thus h = 118.25 m.
43. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of 44. An aeroplane, when flying at a height of 4000 m from
a 50 m high building from the top of a tower are the ground passes vertically above another aeroplane
45º and 60º respectively. Find the height of the tower at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two
and the horizontal distance between the tower and the planes from the same point on the ground are 60º and
building. (Use 3 = 1.73) 45º respectively. Find the vertical distance between
the aeroplanes at that instant. (Use 3 = 1.73)
Here AC is tower and DC is building. Let the height first plane be AB = 4000 m and the
height of second plane be BC = x m. As per given in
We have tan 45º = h - 50

x
Here +BDC = +45º and +BDA = 60º
x = h - 50 ...(1) x = tan 45º = 1 & x = y
In TCBD ,
y
and tan 60º = h
x
and in TABD , 4000 = tan 60º = 3
y
3 =h
x
y = 4000 3
x = h ...(2) 3
3
= 2306.67 m
Thus vertical distance between two,
h - 50 = h
3 4000 - y = 4000 - 2306.67
3 h - 50 3 = h = 1693.33 m
45. A 7 m long flagstaff is fixed on the top of a tower In TABP , tan 30º = AB
standing on the horizontal plane. From point on the BP
ground, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom
1 = 75
of the flagstaff are 60º and 45º respectively. Find the BP
3
height of the tower correct to one place of decimal.
(Use 3 = 1.73) BP = 75 3 m
In TABQ, tan 60º = AB
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. BQ
Here AB is flagstaff and BC is tower.
3 = 75
BQ
BQ = 75 = 25 3
3
Distance between the two men,
PQ = BP + BQ = 75 3 + 25 3
= 100 3 = 100 # 1.73 = 173
47. The horizontal distance between two towers is 60 m.

The angle of elevation of the top of the taller tower
as seen from the top of the shorter one is 30º. If the
height of the taller tower is 150 m, then find the height
of the shorter tower.
x = tan 45º = 1 & x = y Ans : [Board Term-2 2015]
y Let AB and CD be two towers. Let the height of the
x + 7 = tan 60º = shorter tower AB = h . As per given in question we
3 have drawn figure below.
x
7 = ^ 3 - 1h x
7 ^ 3 + 1h 7 (2.73)
x = = = 9.6 m
2 2
46. Two men on either side of a 75 m high building and

in line with base of building observe the angles of
elevation of the top of the building as 30º and 60º. Find
the distance between the two men. (Use 3 = 1.73 )
Let AB be the building and the two men are at P

and Q . As per given in question we have drawn figure
below.
Here BC = AE = 60 m, DE = DC - EC = (150 - h)
In TAED , DE = tan 30º

AE
150 - h = tan 30º = 1
60 3
150 3 - h 3 = 60
3 h = 150 3 - 60

3 h = 150 3 - 20 3 # 3 49. A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10 m

above water level, observes the angle of elevation of
or h = ^150 - 20 3 h m the top of a hill as 60º and the angle of depression of
the base of hill as 30º. Find the distance of the hill
48. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point from the ship and the height of the hill.
on the ground is 60º. After a flight of 30 seconds the
angle of elevation becomes 30º. If the aeroplane is
flying at a constant height of 3000 3 m, find the As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
speed of the aeroplane. Here AC is height of hill and man is at E . ED = 10
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard, 2014] is height of ship from water level.

Here
+AED = 60º, +BED = 30º
AD = BC = 3000 3 m
Let the speed of the aeroplane be x . In TBCE, BC = EC = 10 m and
AB = DC # 30 # x = 30x m ...(1) +BEC = 30º
In right TAED, we have
Now tan 30º = BC
BE
tan 60º = AD
DE 1 = 10
3 BE
3 = 3000 3
DE BE = 10 3
DE = 3000 m ...(2) Since BE = CD , distance of hill from ship
In right TBEC, CD = 10 3 m = 10 # 1.732 m

= 17.32 m
tan 30º = BC
EC
Now in TABE , +AEB = 60º
1 = 3000 3 where AB = h, BE = 10 3 m
3 DE + CD
and +AEB = 60º
DE + CD = 3000 # 3
3000 + 30x = 9000 Thus tan 60º = AB
BE
30x = 6000
3 = AB
x = 200 m/s 10 3
AB = 10 3 # 3 = 30 m
Hence, speed of plane is 200 m/s
Thus height of hill AB + 10 = 40 m
= 200 # 18 = 720 km/hr
5
50. Two ships are approaching a light house from opposite As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
directions. The angle of depression of two ships from
top of the light house are 30º and 45º. If the distance
between two ships is 100 m, Find the height of light-
house.

Here AD is light house of height h and BC is the
distance between two ships.
Here AE = CD = 8 m
BE = AB - AE = ^h - 8h
and AC = DE = x
We have BC = 100 m Also, +FBD = +BDE = 30c

+FBC = +BCA = 45c
In TADC , tan 45º = h & h = x
x In right angled TCAB we have
In TABD, tan 30º = h tan 45c = AB

100 - x AC
1 = h 1 =h & x=h ...(1)

3 100 -x x
100 - x = h 3 In right angled TEDB
100 - h = h 3 h=x tan 30c = BE

ED
100 = h + h 3 = h ^1 + 3h 1 = h-8
3 x
h = 100
1+ 3 x = 3 ^h - 8h ...(2)
100 ^ 3 - 1h From (1) and (2), we get
=
^ 3 + 1h ^ 3 - 1h
#
h = 3h-8 3
100 ^ 3 - 1h 8 3 = 3h-h
=
3-1
h = 8 3 # 3 +1
= 50 ^ 3 - 1h = 50 ^1.732 - 1h 3 -1 3 +1
= 50 # 0.732 = 4 3 ^ 3 + 1h = ^12 + 4 3 h m
Thus height of light house is 36.60 m. Since, x = h , x = ^12 + 4 3 h
51. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of an Distance = ^12 + 4 3 h m
8 m tall building from top of a multi-storeyed building
Hence the height of multi storey building is
are 30º and 45º, respectively. Find the height of multi-
storey building and distance between two buildings. ^4 3 + 12h m.

CBSE
MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK

and Every Question
SAMPLE PAPERS

www.cbse.online
52. From a top of a building 100 m high the angle of of the kite. (Given tan q = 45
8 )
depression of two objects are on the same side observed Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
to be 45c and 60c. Find the distance between the
objects. Let A be the position of kite and AB be the string.
Let A be a point on top of building and B , C be two

objects. As per given in question we have drawn figure
below.
Since tan q = 15 = AC = k
8 BC
Let AC be 15k and BC be 8k . Now using Pythagoras

Theorem
AB = BC2 + AC2
= ^15k h2 + ^8k h2 = 17k

Here +ACO = +CAX = 45c AC = sin q
In TACB ,
AB
and +ABO = +XAB = 60c
AC = 15k = 15
In right TAOC , AO = tan 45c 90 17k 17
CO
100 = 1 AC = 15 # 90 = 79.41 m
17
CO
Hence, height of kite is 79.41 m.
CO = 100 m
Also in right TAOB , we have 54. Two men standing on opposite sides of a tower
measure the angles of elevation of he top of the tower
AO = tan 60c as 30c and 60c respectively. If the height of the tower
OB
in 20 m, then find the distance between the two men.
100 = Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2013]
3
OB
Let two men are standing at A and C and BT is the
OB = 100 tower. As per given in question we have drawn figure
3
below.
Thus BC = CO - OB = 100 - 100
3
^ 3 - 1h
= 100 c1 - 1 m = 100
3 3
^ 3 - 1h 3
= 100 #
3 3
100 ^3 - 3h
= m
3
53. A boy, flying a kite with a string of 90 m long, which
is making an angle q with the ground. Find the height
In right angle triangle TABT , tan 60c = h

80 - x
tan 30c = BT
AB h
3 =
80 - x
1 = 20
3 AB h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2)
AB = 3 20 Comparing (1) and (2) we have
x = 80 3 - x 3
In right angle triangle TTBC,
3
tan 60º = BT x = 80 # 3 - x # 3
BC
4x = 240
3 = 20
BC
x = 240 = 60 m
4
BC = 20
3 Substituting this value of x in (1) we have
Thus distance between two men,
h = 60 = 20 3
3
AB + BC = 20 3 + 20 = 60 + 20 = 80 3 m.
3 3 3 Hence, height of the pole is 34.64 m
Hence, distance between the men is 80 3 m. 56. The horizontal distance between two poles is 15 m.
3
The angle of depression of the top of first pole as seen
55. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to from the top of second pole is 30c. If the height of the
each other on either side of a road, which is 80 m first of the pole is 24 m, find the height of the second
wide. From a point between them on the road, angles pole. [ Use 3 = 1.732 ]
of elevation of their top are 30c and 60c. Find the Ans : [Board Term-2 2013]
height of the poles and distance of point from poles.
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi, OD 2011]
Let RS be first pole and PQ be second pole. As per
Let the distance between pole AB and man E be x .
Here distance between pole CD and man is 80 - x .

In right angle triangle TABE ,
tan 30c = h In right TPTR ,

x
tan 30c = PT
h = x ...(1) TR
3
1 = PT
In angle triangle TCDE , 3 15

PT = 15 = 5 3 Hence, height of tower is 17.32 m and distance of

3 tower from point A is 30 m.
= 5 # 1.732 = 8.66 58. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the foot of
a tower is 60c and the angle of elevation of the top of
PQ = PT + TQ
the tower from the foot of the hill is 30c. If the tower
= 8.66 + 24 is 50 m high, find the height of the hill.
= 32.66 m
Let AB be tower of height of 50 m and DC be hill
Thus height of the second pole is 32.66 m. of height h . As per given in question we have drawn
figure below.
57. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a
point A on the ground is 30c. On moving a distance
of 20 metre towards the foot of the tower to a point B
the angle of elevation increase to 60c. Find the height
of the tower and the distance of the tower from the
point A.
Let height of tower CD be h and distance BC be x .

In right TBAC ,
cos 30c = AC
50
3 = AC
50
AC = 50 3
In right TACD ,
In right TDBC , h = tan 60c
x
tan 60c = CD
h = 3x ...(1) 50 3
In right TADC , 3 = CD
50 3
h = tan 30c = 1
x + 20 CD = 50 3 # 3 = 150 m
3
Thus height of the hill CD = 150 m
3 h = x + 20 ...(2)
Substituting the value of h from eq. (1) in eq. (2), 59. A person observed the angle of elevation of the top
we get of a tower as 30c. He walked 50 m towards the foot
3x = x + 20 of the tower along level ground and found the angle
of elevation of the top of the tower as 60c. Find the
x = 10 m ...(3) height of the tower.
Thus AC = 20 + x = = 30 m.
Let DC be tower of height h . As per given in question
and h = 3 # 10 = 10 3
= 10 # 1.732 = 17.32 m
In right TBAC ,
AB = tan 60c
AC
h = 3
x
h =x 3
In right TBAD ,
AB = tan q
AD
Here A is the point at elevation 30c and B is the
point of elevation at 60c. h = tan q
3x
Let BC be x .
Now AC = ^50 + x h m x 3 = 1 = tan 30c
3x 3
In right TDCB , h = tan 60c = 3
x Thus q = 30c.
h = 3x ...(1) 61. A statue 1.6 m tall stands on the top of a pedestal.

From a point on the ground the angle of elevation of
In right TDCA ,
the top of the statue is 60c and from the same point
h = tan 30c = 1 the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal is 45c
x + 50 3 . Find the height of the pedestal.
3 h = x + 50 (1)
Let CD be statue of 1.6 m and pedestal BC of height
Substituting the value of h from (1) in (2), we have
h . Let A be point on ground. As per given in question
3x = x + 50 we have drawn figure below.
2x = 50 & x = 25 m
h = 25 3 = 25 # 1.732 = 43.3 m
Hence height of tower is 43.3 m.
60. The shadow of a tower at a time is three times as long

as its shadow when the angle of elevation of the sun
is 60c. Find the angle of elevation of the sun at the of
the longer shadow.
Let AB be tower of height h , AC be the shadow at

elevation of sun of 60c. As per given in question we
have drawn figure below.
In right TABD ,
cot 60c = AB
BD
1 = AB
3 h + 1.6
AB = h + 1.6 ...(1)
3
In right TABC ,

AB = cot 45c In right TCAP ,

BC
CA = tan 60c
PA
1 = AB
h
20 + x = 3
AB = h ...(2) y
From (1) and (2), we get 20 + x = y 3
h = h + 1.6 20 + x = 20 3
3
h 3 = h + 1.6 x = 20 3 - 20
h 3 - h = 1.6 = 20 ^ 3 - 1h
= 20 # ^1.732 - 1h
h ^ 3 - 1h = 1.6
1.6 = 1.6 = 20 # 0.73 = 14.64
h =
3 -1 1.732 - 1
Hence, height of the tower is 14.64 m.
= 1.6 = 2.185 m 63. On a straight line passing through the foot of a tower,
0.732
two C and D are at distance of 4 m and 16 m from
Height of pedestal h is 2.2 m. the foot respectively. If the angles of elevation from
C and D of the top of the tower are complementary,
62. From a point on a ground, the angle of elevation of then find the height of the tower.
bottom and top a transmission tower fixed on the top Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
of a 20 m high building are 45c and 60c respectively.
Find the height of the tower. Let AB be tower of height h , C and D be the two
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017] point. As per given in question we have drawn figure
below.
Let P be the point on ground, AB be the building of
height 20 m and BC be the tower of height x . As per
Since +ACB and +ADB are complementary,

+ACB = q and +ADB = 90c - q
Now, in right TABC ,
tan q = AB = h ...(1)
In right TBAP we have BC 4
BA = tan 45c In right TABD ,

PA
tan ^90 - qh = AB = h
20 = 1 BD 16
y
cot q = h
y = 20 16
tan q = 16 ...(2) Thus h = 3 # 15 = 15 3

h
= 15 # 1.732 = 25.98 m
Hence, height of tree is 25.98 m and width of river is
h = 16 15 m.
4 h
65. A vertical tower stands on horizontal plane and is
h2 = 4 # 16 = 64 = 82 & h = 8 m surmounted by a vertical flag-staff of height 6 m. At a
point on the ground, angle of elevation of the bottom
Thus height of tower is 8 m.
and top of the flag-staff are 30c and 45c respectively.
Find the height of the tower. (Take 3 = 1.73 )
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]

64. The person standing on the bank of river observes that as below.
the angle of elevation of the top of a tree standing on
opposite bank is 60c . When he moves 30 m away from
the bank, he finds the angle of elevation to be 30c.
Find the height of tree and width of the river.
Let CD be the tree of height h . Let A be the position

of person after moving 30 m away from point B on
bank of river. Let BC = x be the width of the river.
Here AD is a flagstaff and BD is a tower.
In TABC tan 45c = AB

BC
1 = h+6
BC
BC = h + 6 ...(1)
In TDBC , tan 30c = DB from (1)

BC
1 = h
h+6
In right TDBC , h = tan 60c 3
x
h 3 = h+6
h = 3x
h ( 3 - 1) = 6
...(1)
h = 6 = 6 3 +1
In right TADC , #
3 -1 3 -1 3 +1
h = tan 30c = 1
x + 30 6 ( 3 + 1)
3 =
2
3 h = x + 30 ...(2)
= 3 ( 3 + 1) = 3 (1.73 + 1)
Substituting the value of h from eq. (1) in eq. (2),
we get = 3 # 2.73
3x = x + 30 = 8.19 m
x = 15 m ...(3) Thus height of tower is 8.19 m.

66. From the top of a 7 m high building the angle of 67. Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to
elevation of the top of a tower is 60c and the angle of each other on either side of the road which is 80 m
depression of its foot is 45c. Determine the height of wide. From a point P between them on the road, the
the tower. angle of elevation of the top of a pole of a pole is 60c
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] and the angle of depression from the top of the other
pole of point P is 30c. Find the heights of the poles
Let AB be a building of height 7 m and CD be tower and the distance of the point P from the poles.
of height CD . From the given information we have
drawn the figure as below.
Let the distance between pole AB and point P be x .
Here distance between pole CD and P is 80 - x .

In right angle triangle TABP , +APB = 30c
tan 30c = h
x
Now CD = (7 + h)
h = x ...(1)
BD = AE = x 3
In angle triangle TCDP ,
BD
tan 60c = CD = CD
CP CB - PB
1 = 7 & x = 7 cm
x h
3 =
80 - x
In TCEA , tan 60c = CE
AE
h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2)
3 =h & h =x 3 Comparing (1) and (2) we have
x
x = 80 3 - x 3
Substituting the value of x , we get 3
h =7 3 x = 80 # 3 - x # 3
Now, CD = CE + ED 4x = 240
= (7 + 7 3 ) m
x = 240 = 60 m
4
= 7 (1 + 3) m
Substituting this value of x in (1) we have
= 7 (1 + 1.732) m
h = 60 = 20 3 = 34.64 m
= 7 # 2.732 m 3
= 19.124 m Hence, height of the pole AB and CD is 34.64 m

Distance of point P from pole AB is 20 m.
Hence height of tower is 19.12 m approximately.
Distance of point P from pole CD is 60 m.
68. A man in a boat rowing away from a light house = 57.74 m/ min
100 m high takes 2 minutes to change the angle of Hence, going away from the light house with a speed
elevation of the top of the light house from 60c to 30c of 57.74 m/ min .
. Find the speed of the boat in metres per minute.
6Use 3 = 1.732@ 69. From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] of the bottom and the top of a tower fixed at the top
of a 20 m high building are 45c and 60c respectively.
As per given information in question we have drawn Find the height of the tower.
the figure below.

the figure below. Here AB is the building and BD is
tower on building.
Here D is first position and A is position after 2

minutes.
Height of the light house,
BC = 100 m
From TDBC , +B = 90c
So, tan 60c = BC

BD In TPAB , tan 45c = AB
AP
3 = 100
BD 1 = 20 & AP = 20 m
AP
BD = 100 m
3 In TPAD , tan 60c = AD = 20 + BD
AP 20
Now, after time 2 minute boat is at A. New distance
from light house is AB and angle is 30c. 3 = 20 + BD
20
From TABC , +B = 90c
20 + BD = 20 3
So, tan 30c = BC
AB BD = 20 3 - 20
1 = 100 = 20 ( 3 - 1)
3 AB
= 20 (1.732 - 1)
AB = 100 3
Therefore, distance d travelled in 2 min, = 20 # 0.732
= 14.64 cm .
AD = AB - DB = 100 3 - 100
3
70. Amit, standing on a horizontal plane, find a bird
= 173.2 - 100 3 flying at a distance of 200 m from him at an elevation
3
of 30c. Deepak standing on the roof of a 50 m high
= 173.2 - 57.73 building, find the angle of elevation of the same bird
to be 45c. Amit and Deepak are on opposite sides of
= 115.47 m the bird. Find the distance of the bird from Deepak.
Speed s = d = 115.47 m
t 2 min
the figure given below.

From TBAP , +A = 90c
Now, tan 30c = AB

AP
1 = AB
3 AP
AP = 3 AB ...(1)
Again from TCAP ,
Let O be the position of the bird, A be the position
for Amit, D be the position for Deepak and FD be +A = 90c
the building at which Deepak is standing at height
50 m. and tan 45c = AC
AP
In TOLA , +L = 90c
1 = AC
AP
sin 30c = OL
OA
AP = AC = (AB + BC)
1 = OL & OL = 200 = 100 m
2 200 2 AP = (AB + 5) ...(2)
From equation (1) and (2), we obtain,
OM = OL - LM
(AB + 5) = 3 AB
= OL - FD
5 = 3 AB - AB
= (100 - 50) m = 50 m
AB = 5 = 5
In TOMD , +M = 90c ( 3 - 1) (1.732 - 1)
sin 45c = OM = 5 = 6.8306 m.

OD 0.732
1 = 50 Hence, height of the tower, AB = 6.8306 m.
2 OD
72. As observed from the top of a 100 m high light house
OD = 50 2 from the sea-level, the angles of depression of two
ships are 30c and 45c. If one ship is exactly behind
= 50 # 1.414 = 70.7 m the other on the same side of the light house, find the
Thus, the distance of the bird from the Deepak is distance between the two ships [Use 3 = 1.732 ]
70.7 m. Ans : [Board 2018]
71. From a point P on the ground, the angle of elevation Let AB be the tower and ships are at points C and
of the top of a tower is 30c and that of the top of the D . As per question statement we have shown digram
flagstaff is 45c. If height of flagstaff is 5 m, find the below.
height of the tower. Ûse 3 = 1.732h
Let AB denotes the height of the tower and BC

denotes the height of the flag. As per given information
in question we have drawn the figure as given below.
Now in TABC we have
tan 45c = AB
AC
AB = 1 & AB = BC
AC
Now in TABD we have = ^100 3 + 100h

tan 30c = AB = ^100 # 1.73 + 100h m
BD
= ^173 + 100h m
1 = AB
3 BC + CD = 273 m
1 = AB Hence, distance between two cars is 273 m.
3 AB + CD
74. The angle of elevation of the top B of a tower AB
AB + CD = 3 AB
from a point X on the ground is 60c. At point Y ,
CD = AB ( 3 - 1) 40 m vertically above X , the angle of elevation of the
top is 45c. Find the height of the tower AB and the
= 100 # (1.732 - 1) distance XB .
= 73.2 m Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]

73. Distance between two ships is 73.2 m. From the top
of tower, 100 m high, a man observes two cars on
the opposite sides of the tower with the angles of
depression 30c and 45c respectively. Find the distance
between the cars. (Use 3 = 1.73 )
Let DC be tower of height 100 m. A and B be two

car on the opposite side of tower. As per given in
In right TYCB , we have
tan 45c = BC
YC
1 = x
YC
In right TADC ,
YC = x = XA
tan 30c = CD
AD
In right TXAB we have
1 = 100
3 x tan 60c = AB
XA
x = 100 3 ...(1)
3 = x + 40
x
In right TBDC ,
3 x = x + 40
tan 45c = CD
DB
x 3 - x = 40
1 = 100 & y = 100 m 40 3 +1
y x = #
3 -1 3 +1
Distance between two cars
= 20 ^ 3 + 1h = 20 3 + 20
AB = AD + DB = x + y Thus height of the tower,

AB = x + 40 x + 5 = tan 60c = 3 ...(2)

y
= 20 3 + 20 + 40
Substituting the value of y from (1) we have
= 20 3 + 60 x+5 = 3
= 20 ^ 3 + 3h 3x
In right TXAB we have, x + 5 = 3x & x = 2.5 m
sin 60c = AB Height of tower is = 2.5 m

BX
Distance of P from tower = ^2.5 # 1.732h or 4.33 m.
3 = AB
2 BX 76. The angle of elevation of the top Q of a vertical tower
PQ from a point X on the ground is 60c. From a point
20 # 2 ^ 3 + 3h
BX = 2AB = Y 40 m vertically above X , the angle of elevation of
3 3 the top Q of tower is 45c. Find the height of the PQ
= 40 ^1 + 3h and the distance PX . (Use 3 = 1.73 )
= 40 # 2.73 = 109.20
Let PX be x and PQ be h . As per given in question
75. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and we have drawn figure below.
is surmounted by a flagstaff of height 5 m. From a
point on the ground the angles of elevation of top and
bottom of the flagstaff are 60c and 30c respectively.
Find the height of the tower and the distance of the
point from the tower. (take 3 = 1.732 )
Let AB be tower of height x and AC be flag staff of

height 5 m. As per given in question we have drawn
figure below.
Now QT = ^h - 40h m
In right TPQX we have,
tan 60c = h
x
3 =h
x
h = 3x ...(1)
In right TABP ,
AB = tan 30c In right TQTY we have
BP
tan 45c = h - 40
x = 1 x
y 3
1 = h - 40
y = 3x ...(1) x
In right TCBP x = h - 40 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get CD = tan q

CM
x = 3 x - 40
h = tan q
3 x - x = 40 k
2
^ 3 - 1h x = 40 2h = tan q ...(2)
k
40 = 20 3 + 1 m
x = ^ h
3 -1 Multiplying (1) and (2), we have
Thus h = 3 # 20 ^ 3 + 1h 4h 2h = tan q cot q = 1
k # k #
= 20 ^3 + 3h m
2
= 20 ^3 + 1.73h h2 = k
8
= 20 # 4.73 k
h = =k 2
2 2 4
Hence, height of tower is 94.6 m.
78. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a
77. Two post are k metre apart and the height of one is distance of 120 m from a point A on the ground
double that of the other. If from the mid-point of the flagstaff fixed at the top of the tower, at A is 60c,
line segment joining their feet, an observer finds the then find the height of the flagstaff. [Use 3 = 1.73 ]
angles of elevation of their tops to be complementary, Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
then find the height of the shorted post.
Let BD be the tower of height x and CD be flagstaff
of height h . As per given in question we have drawn
Let AB and CD be the two posts such that AB = 2CD figure below.
. Let M be the mid-point of CA. As per given in
Here CA = k, +CMD = q and +AMB = 90c - q
Clearly, CM = MA = 1 k Here +DAB = 45c, +CAB = 60c

2
and AB = 120 m
Let CD = h . then AB = 2h
In right angled TABD we have
AB = tan 90c - q
Now,
AM ^ h x = tan 45c = 1
AB
2h = cot q
k x = AB = 120 m
2
4h = cot q In right angled TACB we have

...(1)
k h + x = tan 60c = 3
120
Also in right TCMD ,
h + 120 = 120 3

h = 120 3 - 120 Time for remaining distance,

h
= 120 ^ 3 - 1h
h ^ 3 - 1h 12
= 120 ^1.73 - 1h t = =
12 ^ 3 - 1h
= 120 # 0.73 12 ^ 3 + 1h 12 ^ 3 + 1h
= =
h = 87.6 m ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h 3-1
Hence, height of the flagstaff is 87.6 m. = 12 ^ 3 + 1h = 6 ^ 3 + 1h

2
79. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car t = 6 # 2.73 = 16.38
moving at a uniform speed towards him. If it takes
12 min. for the angle of depression to change from Hence, time taken by car is 16.38 minutes.
30c to 45c, how soon after this, the car will reach the
80. From the top of a building 60 m high the angles of
tower ?
depression of the top and the bottom of a tower are
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014] observed to be 30c and 60c. Find the height of the
Let AB be the tower of height h . As per given in tower.
question we have drawn figure below. Ans : [Board Term-2 2011, 2012, OD 2014]
Let AB be the building of height 60 m and CD be

the tower of height h . Angle of depressions of top and
bottom are given 30c and 60c respectively. As per
Car is at P at 30c and is at Q at 45c elevation.

Here +AQB = 45c
Now, in right TABQ we have,
tan 45c = AB
BQ
1 = h
BQ Here DC = EB = h and let BC = x
BQ = h AE = ^60 - h h m
In right TAPB we have, In right angled TAED we have
60 - h = tan 30c
tan 30c = AB ED
PB
60 - h = 1
1 = h x
x+h 3
3
3 ^60 - h h = x ...(1)
x+h = h 3
In right TABC we have
x = h ^ 3 - 1h
60 = tan 60c
h ^ 3 - 1h x
Thus, Speed = m/min
12
60 = 3x ...(2) 82. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 120 m

above a lake is 30c and the angle of depression of its
Substituting the value of x from equation (1) in
reflection in the lake is 60c. Find the height of the
equation (2), we have
cloud.
60 = 3# 3 ^60 - h h Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012]
60 = 3 # ^60 - h h As per given in question we have drawn figure below.

20 = 60 - h & h = 40 m
Hence, height of tower is 40 m.
81. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from

the foot of the tower is 30c and the angle of elevation
of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is
60c. If the tower is 60 m high, find the height of the
building.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, Delhi 2013]
Let AB be the tower of 60 m height and CD be the

building of h height. As per given in question we have
drawn figure below.
Here A is cloud and Al is refection of cloud.

In right TAOP we have
tan 30c = PA
OP
1 = H - 120
3 OP
OP = ^H - 120h 3 ...(1)
In right TOPA' we have
In right TABD we have tan 60c = PAl

OP
tan 60c = AB 3 = H + 120

BD OP
3 = 60 OP = H + 120 ...(2)
x
3
x = 60 = 20 3 From (1) and (2), we get
3
H + 120 = 3 ^H - 120h
Now, in right TBCD we have 3
tan 30c = CD = h H + 120 = 3 ^H - 120h
BD x
H + 120 = 3H - 360
1 = h
3 20 3 2H = 480 & H = 240
h = 20 3 = 20 Thus height of cloud is 240 m.

3
83. As observed from the top of a light house, 100 m high
Hence height of the building is 20 m. above sea level, the angles of depression of a ship,

sailing directly towards it, changes from 30c to 60c the tower with a uniform speed. 6 seconds later, the
. Find the distance travelled by the ship during the angle of depression of the car becomes 60c. Find the
period of observation. (Use 3 = 1.73 ) time taken by the car to reach the foot of tower from
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016] this point.
Let AB be the light house of height 100 m. Let C and
D be the position of ship at elevation 60c and 30c. Let AB be the tower of height h . Let point C and D
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. be location of car. As per given in question we have
drawn figure below.
In right TABC we have Let the speed of car be x .

AB = tan 60º Thus distance covered in 6 sec = 6x .
BC Hence DC = 6x
100 = Let distance (remaining) CA covered in t sec.
3
y
CA = tx
y = 100 Now in right TADB ,
3
In right TABD, we have AD = AC + CD = 6x + tx
AB = tan 30º h
tan 30c =
BD 6x + tx
100 = 1 h = 6+t ...(1)
x 3 x 3
x = 100 3 In right TACB we have,
Distance CD travelled by ship, tan 60c = h
tx
x - y = 100 3 - 100 m
3 3t = h ...(2)
x
= 100 ;3 - 1E = 100 # 2 From eqn. (1) and (2) we get
3 3
3t = 6+t
= 200 = 200 3 3
3 3
3t = 6 + t
= 200 # 1.73 = 3.46 m
3 3 2t = 6 & t = 3
= 115.33 m Hence, car takes 3 seconds.
84. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A 85. An angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m
man standing on its top observes a car at an angle above the surface of the water of a lake is 30c and the
of depression of 30c, which is approaching the foot of angle of depression of its shadow in water is 60c. Find
the height of the cloud from the surface of water.

Let distance between BD be x .

Now, in right TABD we have
AB = tan 45c
BD
h =1 & h =x ...(1)
x
h = tan 30c = 1 In right TAEC we have
Here
x 3 AE = tan 30c
,
EC
x =h 3 ...(1)
h - 50 = 1
h + 60 + 60 = tan 60c x 3
and
x
x = h 3 - 50 3 ...(2)
h + 120 = 3
x From (1) and (2) we get
h + 120 = x 3 ...(2) h = h 3 - 50 3
From (1) and (2) we get h 3 - h = 50 3
h + 120 = 3h# 3 h ^ 3 - 1h = 50 3
50 3 ^ 3 + 1h
h + 120 = 3h h = 50 3 =
3 -1 ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h
h = 120 = 60 m
2 50 ^3 + 3 h
Hence height of cloud from surface of water =
3-1
= 60 + 60 = 120 m h = 25 ^3 + 3h
86. The angle of depression of the top and bottom of a = 25 # 4.732 = 118.3 m
building 50 metres high as observed from the top of
a tower are 30c and 45c respectively. Find the height Hence, the height of tower = distance between
of the tower and also the horizontal distance between building and tower = 118.3 m
the building and the tower.
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2018] 87. An observer finds the angle of elevation of the top of
the tower from a certain point on the ground as 30c
Let CD be the building of height 50 m and AB be the . If the observer moves 20 m, towards the base of the
tower of height h . Angle of depressions of top and tower, the angle of elevation of the top increase by 15c
bottom are given 30c and 60c respectively. As per , find the height of the tower.
given in question we have drawn figure below. Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]

Let AB be the tower of height h . Angle of elevation of the helicopter above the ground.
from point D and C are given 30c and 45c respectively. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Let AB be the building of height 10 m and the height
of the helicopter from top the building be x . As per
Here CB = x and DC = 20 m
Now in right TABC ,
AB = tan 45c
BC
h =1 Let the distance between point and building be y .
x
Height of the helicopter from ground
h =x = ^10 + x h m
In right TABD we have In right TBAP we have
AB = tan 30c AB = tan 30c
DB BP
h = 1 10 = 1
^20 + x h 3 y 3
h 3 = 20 + x y = 10 3 ...(1)
Substituting the value of x from (1) in (2) In right TCAP ,
h 3 = 20 + h AC = tan 60c
PA
h 3 - h = 20
10 + x = 3
h ^ 3 - 1h = 20 y
20 20 ^ 3 + 1h 10 + x = y 3 ...(2)
h = =
3 -1 ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h From (1) and (2) we have
20 ^ 3 + 1h 10 + x = 10 3 # 3 = 30
=
3-1
x = 20
= 10 ^ 3 + 1h
Hence height of the helicopter is 20 m.
Hence, the height of tower = 10 ^ 3 + 1h m
89. Two points A and B are on the same side of a tower
88. From a point P on the ground, the angles of elevation and in the same straight line with its base. The angle
of the top of a 10 m tall building and a helicopter, of depression of these points from the top of the tower
hovering at some height vertically over the top of the are 60c and 45c respectively. If the height of the tower
building are 30c and 60c respectively. Find the height
is 15 m, then find the distance between these points. below.

Let CD be the tower of height 15 m. Let A and B

point on same side of tower As per given in question
Let BO be x and OC be y .
In right TAOC we have
AO = tan 45c
OC
300 = 1 & y = 300
y
In right TAOB we have
AO = tan 60c
In right TDCA we have BO
DC = tan 60c 300 =
CA 3
x
15 =
x
3 x 3 = 300 & x = 300 = 100 3
3
x = 15 = 5 3 BC = y + x = 300 + 100 3
3
= 300 + 100 # 1.732 = 473.2 m
In right TDCB we have
Hence, the width of river is 473.2 m.
DC = tan 45c
CB
91. The angle of depression of two ships from an aeroplane
15 = 1 flying at the height of 7500 m are 30c and 45c. if both
x+y the ships are in the same that one ship is exactly
behind the other, find the distance between the ships.
x + y = 15
5 3 + y = 15 Let A, C and D be the position of aeroplane and two
y = 15 - 5 3 ship respectively. Aeroplane is flying at 7500 m height
from point B . As per given in question we have drawn
= 5 ^3 - 3h m figure below.
Hence, the distance between points = 5 ^3 - 3h m
90. An aeroplane is flying at a height of 300 m above the

ground. Flying at this height the angle of depression
from the aeroplane of two points on both banks of
a respectively. Find the width of the river. River in
opposite direction are 45c and 60c.
Let A be helicopter flying at a height of 300 m above

the point O on ground. Let B and C be the bank of
river. As per given in question we have drawn figure

In right TABC we have also, BD = 100 m

AB = tan 45c In right TABD we have,
BC
tan 30c = DB
7500 = 1 AB
y
1 = 100
y = 7500 ...(1) 3 AB
In right TABD we have AB = 100 3 m

AB = tan 30c In right TDBC we have,
BD
tan 45c = DB
7500 = 1 BC
x+y 3
1 = 100
x + y = 7500 3 ...(2) BC
Substituting the value of y from (1) in (2) we have BC = 100 m
x + 7500 = 7500 3 Now, AB + BC = 100 + 100 3
x = 7500 3 - 7500 = 100 ^ 3 + 1h
= 7500 ^ 3 - 1h = 100 + 173.2 = 273.2 m
= 7500 ^1.73 - 1h 93. From the top of a hill, the angle of depression of two
= 7500 # 0.73 = 5475 m consecutive kilometre stones due east are found to be
45c and 30c respectively. Find the height of the hill.
Hence, the distance between two ships is 5475 m. [Use 3 = 1.73 ]
92. From the top of a tower, 100 m high, a man observes
two cars on the opposite sides of the tower and in same Let AB be the hill of height h . Angle of depression
straight line with its base, with angles of depression from point D and C are given 30c and 45c respectively.
30c and 45c. Find the distance between the cars. [ As per given in question we have drawn figure below.
Take 3 = 1.732 ]
Let BD be the tower of height 100 m. Let A and C be

location of car on opposite side of tower. As per given
in question we have drawn figure below.

AB = tan 45c
AC
In right TABD, h =1 & h =x

x
+DAB = 30c
In right TABD we have
In TBDC , +BCD = 45c
AB = tan 30c
AC + CD
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From (1) and (2), we get

h = 1 1
x + 1000 3 x = z# 3
y z# 3
h 3 = h + 1000
x =1
h ^ 3 - 1h = 1000 y 3
1000 ^ 3 + 1h Thus x :y = 1:3

h = 1000 =
3 -1 ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h
95. From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of
1000 ^ 3 + 1h elevation of the top of a tower is 60c and the angle
=
3-1 of depression of its foot is 45c. Find the height of the
tower. (Use 3 = 1.732 )
= 500 ^ 3 + 1h = 500 ^1.73 + 1h
= 500 # 2.73 = 1365 Let AB be the building of height 7 m and CD be the
Hence height of the hill is 1365 m. tower of height h . Angle of depressions of top and
bottom are given 30c and 60c respectively. As per
94. The tops of two towers of height x and y , standing given in question we have drawn figure below.
on level ground, subtend angles of 30c and 60c
respectively at the centre of the line joining their feet,
then find x : y .
Let AB be the tower of height x and CD be the

tower of height y . Angle of depressions of both tower
at centre point M are given 30c and 60c respectively.
Here +CBD = +ECB = 45c due to alternate angles.

Here M is the centre of the line joining their feet. In right TABC we have
Let BM = MD = z
AB = tan 45c
In right TABM we have, BC
x = tan 30c 7 =1 & x =7
z x
In right TAEC we have
x = z# 1
3 CE = tan 60c
AE
In right TCDM we have,
h-7 = 3
y x
= tan 60c
z
h-7 = x 3 = 7 3
y = z# 3
h = 7 3 +7

= 7 ^ 3 + 1h is flying at a constant height of 1500 3 m, find the

speed of the plane in km/hr.
= 7 ^1.732 + 1h
Hence, height of tower = 19.124 m
Let A be the point on ground, B and C be the point
of location of aeroplane at height of 1500 3 m. As
96. From the top of a tower of height 50 m, the angles of
depression of the top and bottom of a pole are 30c
and 45c respectively. Find :
(1) How far the pole is from the bottom of the tower,
(2) The height of the pole. (Use 3 = 1.732 )
Let AB be the tower of height 50 m and CD be the

pole of height h . From the top of a tower of height
50 m, the angles of depression of the top and bottom
of a pole are 30c and 45c respectively. As per given in
In right TBAL
BL = tan 60c
AL
1500 3 = 3 BL = CM = 1500 3
x
x = 1500 m.
In right TCAM we have
CM = tan 30c
AL + LM
In right TABD we have, 1500 3 = 1

x+y 3
tan 45c = AB = 1
BD x + y = 1500 # 3
1 = 50 & x = 50 m 1500 + y = 4500 & y = 3000 m.

x
(1) Thus distance of pole from bottom of tower is y
Speed = Distance =
50 m. Time t
Now in TAMC we have
= 3000 = 200 m/s
15
tan 30c = AM = AM
MC x
= 200 # 60 # 60
1000
AM = 50 or 28.87 m.
3 = 720 km/hr.
(2) Height pole h = CD = BM Hence, the speed of the aeroplane is 720 km/hr.
= 50 - 28.87 = 21.13 m.
98. At a point A, 20 metre above the level of water in
97. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point a lake, the angle of elevation of a cloud is 30c. The
A on the ground is 60c. After a flight of 15 seconds, angle of depression of the reflection of the cloud in
the angle of elevation changed to 30c. If the aeroplane the lake, at A is 60c. Find the distance of the cloud
from A ? 99. A person standing on the bank of a river, observes that

Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] the angle of elevation of the top of the tree standing
on the opposite bank is 60c. When he retreats 20 m
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. from the bank, he finds the angle of elevation to be
Here cloud is at C , D is reflection of cloud in water. 30c. Find the height of the tree and the breadth of
the river.
Let AB be the tree of height h and breadth of river

be b . As per given in question we have drawn figure
below. Here point C and D are the location of person
.

h = tan 30c = 1
x 3 In right TABC we have,
h = tan 60c = 3
x = 3h ...(1) b
Here DE = EC because D is reflection of cloud and
E is at water level. h = 3b ...(1)
In right TABD we have In right TABD we have
BD = tan 60c h = tan 30c = 1
BA b + 20 3
DE + EB =
x
3 h = b + 20 ...(2)
3
EC + EB = From (1) and (2) we have
3
x
b 3 = b + 20
h + 20 + 20 = 3
3
x
3b = b + 20 & b = 10 m
h + 40 = 3x ...(2) h = b 3 = 10 # 1.73 = 17.3 m
From (1) and (2), Thus height of tree is 17.3 m and breadth of river is
10 m.
h + 40 = 3# 3 h = 3h & h = 20 m
100.The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is
x = 3 h = 20 3 found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s altitude is
Now AC = h2 + x2 30c, then when it is 60c. Find the height of the tower.
^20h2 + ^20 3 h
2
=
Let AB be the tower of height h . Let BC be the
= 400 + 1200 = 40 m. shadow at 60c and BD be shadow at 30c.
Hence distance of the cloud is 40 m. As per given in question we have drawn figure below.

OL = sin 30c
BO
OL = 1 & OL = 50 m
100 2
OM = OL - ML
= OL - FG = 50 - 20 = 30 m
In right TOMG we have
OM = sin 45c
OG
In right TABC we get, OM = 1
OG 2
tan 60c = AB
BC
30 = 1
OG 2
3 =h &h = 3x
x
OG = 30 2 m
In right TABD we have,
Hence, distance of the bird from the girl is 30 2 m.
tan 30c = AB
BC + 40
102.The angle of elevation of a jet fighter point A on ground
1 = h is 60c. After flying 10 seconds, the angle changes to
3 x + 40 30c. If the jet is flying at a speed of 648 km/hour, find
the constant height at which the jet is flying.
x + 40 = 3h = 3# 3 x = 3x
40 = 2x & x = 20 m Let C and D are the point of location of jet at height
h = 3 # 20 = 20 3 m h . Point B and E are foot print on ground of get at
thee location. As per given in question we have drawn
Thus height of tower is 20 3 m. figure below.
101.A boy observes that the angle of elevation of a bird

flying at a distance of 100 m is 30c. At the
same distance from the boy, a girl finds the
angle of elevation of the same bird from a
building 20 m high is 45c. Find the distance
of the bird from the girl.
Let O be the position of the bird and B be the

position of the boy. Let FG be the building and G be
the position of the girl. As per given in question we
In 3600 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 m
In 10 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 # 10

3600
= 1800 m
In right TABC, we have
h = tan 60º = 3
x
In right TOLB we have
h =x 3 ...(1)
In right TADE we have

h = tan 30º = 1
x + 1800 AB = tan 45c
3 BD
h = x + 1800 ...(2) 150 = 1
3 y + 2x
From equations (1) and (2), we get
y + 2x = 150 ...(2)
x 3 = x + 1800 From equations (1) and (2), we get
3
50 3 + 2x = 150
3x = x + 1800
2x = 150 - 50 3
2x = 1800
2x = 50 ^3 - 3h
x = 900 m
x = 25 ^3 - 3h
h = x 3 = 900 # 1.732 = 1558.5 m
Speed of the boat = 25 ^3 - 3 h m/min.
Thus height of jet is 1558.8 m.
25 ^3 - 3 h # 60
103.A moving boat observed from the top of a 150 m =
1000
high cliff moving away from the cliff. The angle of
depression of the boat changes from 60c to 45c in = 3 ^3 - 3 h km/hr.
2 minutes. Find the speed of the boat. 2
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] 104.A bird sitting on the top of a 80 m high tree. From a
point on the ground, the angle of elevation of
Let AB be the cliff of height 150 m. Let C and D be
the bird is 45c. The bird flies away horizontally
the point of boat at 60c and 45c. Let the speed of the
in such a way that it remained at a constant
boat be x m/min. Let BC be y
height from the ground. After 2 seconds, the
As per given in question we have drawn figure below. angle of elevation of the bird from the same point is
30c. Find the speed of flying of the bird. (Take
3 = 1.732 )
Let CD be the tree of height 80 m and bird is sitting

at D . Point O on ground is reference point from
where we observe bird. As per given in question we
Here distance covered in 2 minutes is 2x .

Thus CD = 2x
AB = tan 60c
BC
In right AOB we have
150 = 3
y tan 45c = 80
y
y = 150 = 50 3 ...(1)
3

y = 80 In right TCEA we have
In right DOC we have CE = tan 60c

AE
tan 30c = 80 h-7 =
x+y 3
x
1 = 80
3 x+y h-7 = x 3 ...(2)
x + y = 80 3 Substituting values of x we have
x = 80 3 - y = 80 3 - 80 h-7 = 7 3
= 80 ^ 3 - 1h = 58.4 m. h = 7 + 7 3 = 7 ^1 + 3h m
Hence, speed of bird = 58.4 = 29.2 m Hence, the height of tower is 7 ^1 + 3h m

2
105.From the top of a 7 m high building the angle of 106.From the top of a 120 m high tower, a man observes
elevation of the top of a tower is 60c and the angle two cars on the opposite sides of the tower and in
of depression of its foot is 45c. Find the height of the straight line with the base of tower with angles of
tower. repression as 60c and 45c. Find the distance between
two cars.
Let AB be the building of height 7 m and CD be
the tower. Let distance between two be x . Angle of Let AB be the tower of height 120 m. Let C and D
depressions of top and bottom of tower are given 60c be location of car on opposite side of tower. As per
and 45c respectively. As per given in question we have given in question we have drawn figure below.
drawn figure below.
In right TBAD we have

AB = tan 45c
AD
120 = 1
AB
AB = 120
In right TBAC we have
CD be the height of tower = ^7 + h h m
AB = tan 60c
BD = AE = x m CA
In right TABD we have 120 = 3

CA
AB = tan 45c
BD CA = 120 = 40 3
3
7 =1 & x =7 m ...(1)
x CD = CA + AD = 120 + 40 3
= 120 + 40 # 1.732 (a) 24 3 m (b) 24 2 m

= 189.28 m (c) 32 3 m (d) 32 2 m
Hence the distance between two men is 189.28 m. (iv) If the point of observation P is moved 9 m
towards the base of the building, then the angle
of elevation q of the logo on building is given by
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (a) tan q = 3 (b) tan q = 2
3
107.A clinometer is a tool that is used to measure the (c) tan q = 1 (d) tan q = 8 3
2 15
angle of elevation, or angle from the ground,
in a right - angled triangle. We can use a (v) In above case the angle of elevation f of the top
clinometer to measure the height of tall things of building is given by
that you can’t possibly reach to the top of, (a) tan f = 1.6 (b) tan f = 1.5
flag poles, buildings, trees.
(c) tan f = 0.75 (d) tan f = 0.8
Ans :
(i) As per question statement we have shown the
digram below.
Ravish got a clinometer from school lab and started

the measuring elevation angle in surrounding. He saw
a building on which society logo is painted on wall of
building.
The height of the building logo from ground is AB
. Here C is top of building and AC is height of
building.
In TPAB , tan 30c = AB

PA
1 = AB
3 24
AB = 24 # 3 = 8 3 m
3 3
From a point P on the ground level, the angle of
elevation of the roof of the building is 45c. The angle
of elevation of the centre of logo is 30c from same (ii) The height of the building from ground is AC .
point. The point P is at a distance of 24 m from the
In TAPC , tan 45c = AC
base of the building. AP
(i) What is the height of the building logo from
1 = AC
ground ? 24
(a) 8 2 m (b) 4 3 m
AC = 24 m
(c) 8 3 m (d) 4 2 m
(ii) What is the height of the building from ground ?
(a) 24 (3 - 3 ) m (b) 8 (3 - 3 ) m (iii) In TAPC ,
(c) 24 m (d) 32 m cos 45c = AP
AC
(iii) What is the aerial distance of the point P from
the top of the building ?

1 = 24 of 30c.
2 PC
(i) What is the relation between the height x of the
PC = 24 2 m balloon at point P and distance d between point
A and B ?
(a) x = 3d (b) d = 3x
(iv) In this case we have made diagram as follows.
(c) d2 = 3x2 (d) 3d2 = x2
Now AP = 24 - 9 = 15 m
(ii) When balloon rises further 50 metres, then what
is the relation between new height y and d ?
(a) y = d + 50 (b) d = y
(c) y = 3d (d) 3y = d
(iii) What is the new height of the balloon at point Q
?
(a) 50 ( 3 + 3) m (b) 25 ( 3 + 1) m
(c) 50 ( 3 + 1) m (d) 25 ( 3 + 3) m
(iv) What is the distance AB on the ground ?
tan q = AB = 8 3
AP 15 (a) 50 ( 3 + 3) m (b) 25 (3 + 3 3 ) m
Thus (d) is correct option. (c) 50 ( 3 + 1) m (d) 25 ( 3 + 3) m
(v) tan f = AC = 24 = 8 = 1.6 (v) What is the distance AC on the ground ?

AP 15 5
(a) 75 (1 + 3 ) m (b) 25 (1 + 3 ) m
Thus (a) is correct option. (c) 50 (1 + 3) m (d) 25 ( 3 + 3) m
108.A hot air balloon is a type of aircraft. It is lifted by Ans :
heating the air inside the balloon, usually
(i) We make the diagram as per given information.
with fire. Hot air weighs less than the same
volume of cold air (it is less dense), which
means that hot air will rise up or float when
there is cold air around it, just like a bubble of air in
a pot of water. The greater the difference between the
hot and the cold, the greater the difference in density,
and the stronger the balloon will pull up.
In TAPB , tan 30c = AP

AB
1 =x
3 d
d = 3 x & d 2 = 3x 2
Lakshman is riding on a hot air balloon. After reaching
(ii) In TBAQ ,
at height x at point P , he spots a lorry parked at B
on the ground at an angle of depression of 30c. The AQ
tan 45c =
balloon rises further by 50 metres at point Q and now AB
he spots the same lorry at an angle of depression of
45c and a car parked at C at an angle of depression AB = AQ
d =y
(iii) From (i) and (ii) we have
d = 3 x and d = y
Since point Q is 50 m above point P , Thus
y = x + 50
Thus d = x + 50
Solving above equations we get
3 x = x + 50
x ( 3 - 1) = 50
x = 50 = 25 ( 3 + 1)
( 3 - 1)
y = x + 50 = 25 ( 3 + 1) + 50
= 25 3 + 25 + 50 = 25 ( 3 + 3) (i) What is the height of the section B ?

Thus (d) is correct option. (a) 12 3 m (b) 12 2 m
(iv) The distance AB on the ground is d and which (c) 8 3 m (d) 4 2 m
is equal to
(ii) What is the height of the section A ?
d = 3x (a) 12 (2 - 2 ) (b) 24 (2 - 2 )
or d = y = 25 ( 3 + 3) (c) 12 (3 - 3) (d) 24 (3 - 3)
Thus (d) is correct option. (iii) What is the length of the wire structure from the
(v) In TCAQ , point O to the top of section A ?
(a) 32 2 m (b) 24 3 m
AQ
tan 30c =
AC (c) 28 3 m (d) 36 2 m
1 = y = 25 ( 3 + 3) (iv) What is the length of the wire structure from the

AC AC point O to the top of section B ?
3
(a) 12 3 m (b) 24 3 m
AC = 25 3 ( 3 + 3)
(c) 28 3 m (d) 16 3 m
= 25 (3 + 3 3 ) = 75 (1 + 3) (v) What is the angle of depression from top of tower
Thus (a) is correct option. to point O ?
(a) 30c (b) 45c
109.Radio towers are used for transmitting a range of
communication services including radio and television. (c) 15c (d) 75c
The tower will either act as an antenna itself or support Ans :
one or more antennas on its structure, including
microwave dishes. They are among the tallest human- (i) We make the following diagram as per given
made structures. There are 2 main types: guyed and information.
self-supporting structures.
On a similar concept, a radio station tower was built
in two sections A and B . Tower is supported by wires
from a point O . Distance between the base of the
tower and point O is 36 m. From point O , the angle
of elevation of the top of section B is 30c and the
angle of elevation of the top of section A is 45c.

In TBCO tan 30c = BC is behind the Amar boat.

OC
BC = OC tan 30c
BC = 36 # 1 = 12 3 m
3
(ii) In TACO ,
tan 45c = AC = 1
OC
Thus AC = OC = 36 m Following angle have been measured :

Now, AB = AC - BC From Colin to Bhawani : 30c
From Dev to Colin : 60c
= 36 - 12 3 = 12 (3 - 3) m
From Amar to Colin : 60c
(i) Which of the following is a pair of angle of
elevation?
(iii) In TACO ,
(a) (+a, +e) (b) (+b, +e)
cos 45c = OC (c) (+c, +d) (d) (+a, +f )
OA
(ii) Which of the following is a pair of angle of
1 = 36
OA depression?
2
(a) (+a, +e) (b) (+b, +e)
OA = 36 2 m (c) (+c, +d) (d) (+a, +f )
(iii) If angle of elevation of Amar to Colin is 60c , what
(iv) In TBCO , is the distance of Amar boat from the base of hill
?
cos 30c = OC 3h
OB h
(a) 2 (b)
3
3 = 36 2h
2 OB (c) (d) 3 h
3
(iv) If angle of depression of Colin to Bhawani is 30c
OB = 72 # 3 = 24 3 m , what is the distance of Amar boat from the
3 3
Bhawani boat?
3h h
(v) It is clear from figure that angle of elevation from (a) 2 (b)
point O to top of tower is 45c . This is equal to the 3
angle of depression from top of tower to point O . 2h
(c) (d) 3 h
Thus (b) is correct option. 3
(v) If angle of depression of Dev to Colin is 60c , what
110.Navy officer Mr. Colin is tasked with planning a coup
is the height of Dev from base of hill ?
on the enemy at a certain date. Currently he
is inspecting the area standing on top of the (a) h (b) 2h
cliff. Agent Dev is on a chopper in the sky. (c) 3h (d) 4h
When Mr. Colin looks down below the cliff Ans :
towards the sea, he has Bhawani and Amar in boats
positioned to get a good vantage point. Bhawani boat (i) The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an
observer is the angle between the horizontal and the
line from the object to the observer’s eye (the line of
sight). In our case clearly(+b, +e, +f) are angle of
depression.
(ii) If the object is below the level of the observer, then 111.An air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground
the angle between the horizontal and the observer’s missile (AGM or ATGM) is a missile designed to be
line of sight is called the angle of depression. In our launched from military aircraft and strike ground
case clearly (+a, +c, +d) are angle of depression. targets on land, at sea, or both. They are similar to
Thus (c) is correct option. guided glide bombs but to be deemed a missile,
(iii) We make the figure as given below.
Here +OAC = 60c is angle of elevation.
A military fighter plane is flying at an altitude of 600

metres with the speed of 200 km/h. The pilot spots
enemy tanks at point R on ground. After getting the
permission from command centre to hit the target at
R , pilot fires a missile. Fighter plane was at point A
at the time of fire of missile. Missile moves to target
at enemy tanks stationed at R at an angle of 45c at
a speed of 300 km/h.
h = tan 60c = (i) What is the horizontal distance between fighter
3
OA plane at A and tank at R ?
(a) 300 metre
OA = h
3 (b) 300 3 metre
Thus (b) is correct option. (c) 600 metre
(iv) Here +OBC = +MCB = 30c (d) 600 3 metre
h = tan 30c = 1 (ii) How much time will missile take to hit the target
OB 3 R ?
OB = 3h (a) 36 2 sec (b) 5 2 sec
5 36
AB = OB - OA
(c) 36 3 sec (d) 34 3 sec
5 5
= 3 h - h = 1 ]3h - h g = 2h
3 3 3 (iii) Another enemy tank at point S on ground
Thus (c) is correct option. moving with a speed of 90 km/h in straight line
(v) Here +DCM = 60c away from plane. Pilot fires another missile at an
angle of 60c from its flight path position B at
Now, DM = tan 60c = 3 the instant when enemy’s tank was at S and it
CM hits this enemy tank at point T . How much time
DM = 3 CM is taken by second missile to hit the enemy tank
at point T ?
But CM = OB = 3h
(a) 24 3 sec (b) 5 2 sec
5 24
Thus DM = 3$ 3 h = 3h
Height of Dev from Bhawani, (c) 24 2 sec (d) 5 3 sec
5 24
= DB = DM + MB = 3h + h = 4h
(iv) What is the horizontal distance between fighter
Thus (d) is correct option. plane at B and tank at T ?

(a) 200 metre (b) 100 3 metre BQ

= cos 30c
BT
(c) 100 metre (d) 200 3 metre
BQ
(v) What is the distance of point T from S ? BT = = 600 = 1200 = 400 3 m
cos 30c 2
3
3
(a) 80 3 metre (b) 120 3 metre
Time taken to hit tank at T ,
(c) 160 3 100 metre (d) 240 3 metre
Ans : t1 = BT = 400 3
s 500
(i) We have shown this situation in following diagram 6
= 4 3 # 6 = 24 3 sec
5 5
(iv) In figure this distance is given by QT
QT
= tan 30c
QB
QT = QB tan 30c
= 600 # 1 = 200 3
3
PR = tan 45c = 1 & PR = PA = 600 m Thus (d) is correct option.
PA (v) Speed of tank, st = 90 km/hour
= 90000 m/sec
AP = cos 45c 3600
(ii)
AR = 25 m/sec
AR = AP = 600 = 600 2 m Distance ST travelled by tank in 24 3 sec

cos 45c 1 5
2
Speed of missile, = 25 # 24 3 = 120 3 m

5
s = 300 km/h = 300000 m/sec Thus (b) is correct option.

3600
500 112.When an eagle looks at a rat on the ground, eagle
= m /s
6 does not attack the rat at its initial position. It takes
Time taken to hit missile. into account the speed of the rat and the direction
in which rat is moving. After analysing the situation
t = AR = 600500 2 = 36 2 sec (how? it may be God’s gift) eagle attacks the rat in
s 6
5
such a way that it may successful in catching the rat.
(iii) In this situation we have shown diagram below.
Suppose an eagle sitting on the tree of height 90 m,

In triangle 3 BQT , +QBT = 90c - 60c = 30c observe a rat with angle of depression 45c , and moving
away from the tree with some speed. Eagle start flying RS = OS - OR
with 30c downward and catch rat in 10 second.
= 90 3 - 90 = 90 ( 3 - 1)
(i) What is the horizontal distance between tree and
initial position of rat ? Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 60 m (iii) EO = cos 60c
ES
(b) 45 m
90 = 1
(c) 90 m ES 2
(d) 120 m ES = 90 # 2 = 180 m
(ii) What is the distance travelled by rat in 10 Thus (b) is correct option.
seconds?
90 ^ 3 - 1h
(a) 60 ( 3 - 1) m (b) 60 ( 2 - 1) m (iv) Speed of rat sr = RS =
t 10
(c) 90 ( 3 - 1) m (d) 90 ( 2 - 1) m = 9 ^ 3 - 1h m/sec
(iii) What is the distance travelled by eagle to catch Thus (d) is correct option.
rat? (v) Speed of Eagle,
(a) 90 m (b) 180 m
se = ES = 180 = 18 m/sec
(c) 270 m (d) 240 m t 10
= 18 # 3600 km/h
(iv) What is the speed of rat ? 1000
(a) 18 m/s (b) 9 ( 3 + 1) m/s = 64.8 km/h
(c) 64.8 m/s (d) 9 ( 3 - 1) m/s Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) What is the speed of eagle ?
(a) 18 km/h (b) 9 ( 3 + 1) km/h ***********
(c) 9 ( 3 + 1) km/h (d) 64.8 km/h Are you opting for Maths/Applied Maths in 11th ?
Ans : NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY TEXT BOOK
(i) As per information given in question we have made
diagram below. Here E is initial position of eagle and Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
R is initial position of rat. Eagle catch rat at S . Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
OE = tan 45c = 1
OR
OE = OR = 90 m
(ii) In triangle TEOS , +OES = 90c - 30c = 60c
OS = tan 60c
OE
OS = 3
90
OS = 90 3 m

Chap 10 Circle Page 295
CHAPTER 10
CIRCLE
ONE MARK QUESTIONS We know that, the radius and tangent are perpendicular
at their point of contact.
Now, in isosceles triangle POQ we have
1. From an external point Q , the length of tangent to a +POQ + +OPQ + +OQP = 180c
circle is 12 cm and the distance of Q from the centre
of circle is 13 cm. What is the radius of circle? Equal sides subtend equal angles in isosceles triangle.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Thus 2+OQP + 90c = 180c
Let O be the centre of the circle. As per given +OQP = 45c
information we have drawn the figure below.
3. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm, subtends a right
angle at its centre. What is the length of the chord?
As per given information we have drawn the figure

below.
We have OQ = 13 cm
and PQ = 12 cm
Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point
of contact.
Thus OP = PQ
In TOPQ , using Pythagoras theorem, Using Pythagoras theorem in TABC , we get
2 2
OP + PQ = OQ 2
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 = 102 + 102
OP2 + 122 = 132 = 100 + 100 = 200
OP2 = 132 - 122 = 169 - 144 = 25 BC = 10 2 cm
Thus OP = 5 cm 4. In figure, O is the centre of circle. PQ is a chord and
PT is tangent at P which makes an angle of 50c with
2. QP is a tangent to a circle with centre O at a point P PQ . Find the angle +POQ .
on the circle. If TOPQ is isosceles, then find +OQR
?
Let O be the centre of the circle. As per given

information we have drawn the figure below.
Page 296 Circle Chap 10
Due to angle between radius and tangent, Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
+OPT = 90c Tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to

the radius at the point of contact.
+OPQ = 90c - 50c = 40c
Thus OT = PT
Also, OP = OQ [Radii of a circle]
Since equal opposite sides have equal opposite angles, Now in right-angled triangle PTO
+OPQ = +OQP = 40c OP2 = OT2 + PT2 = (7) 2 + (24) 2
+POQ = 180c - +OPQ - +OQP = 49 + 576 = 625
= 180c - 40c - 40c = 100c Thus OP = 25 cm

Since OR = OT because of radii of circle,
5. In figure, AP , AQ and BC are tangents of the circle
PR = OP + OR = 25 + 7 = 32 cm
with centre O . If AB = 5 cm , AC = 6 cm and BC = 4
cm, then what is the length of AP ? 7. Two chords AB and CD of a circle intersect at E such
that AE = 2.4 cm , BE = 3.2 cm and CE = 1.6 cm .
What is the length of DE ?
Due to tangents from external points,

BP = BR, CR = CQ, and AP = AQ
Perimeter of TABC ,
AB + BC + AC = AB + BR + RC + AC Applying the rule, AE # EB = CE # ED
5 + 4 + 6 = AB + BP + CQ + AC 2.4 # 3.2 = 1.6 # ED
15 = AP + AQ ED = 4.8 cm
15 = 2AP
8. Two circles of radii 20 cm and 37 cm intersect in A
Thus AP = 15 = 7.5 cm and B . If O1 and O2 are their centres and AB = 24 cm,
2 then find the distance O1 O2 .
Thus (d) is correct option. Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
6. In figure, on a circle of radius 7 cm, tangent PT is

drawn from a point P such that PT = 24 cm. If O
is the centre of the circle, then what is the length of
PR ?

Since C is the mid-point of AB , 11. In the adjoining figure, PT is a tangent at point C

of the circle. O is the circumference of TABC . If
AC = 12
+ACP = 118c, then find the angle +x ?
AO1 = 37
and AO2 = 20
CO1 = 372 - 122 = 35
CO2 = 202 - 122 = 16

O1 O2 = 35 + 16 = 51
9. In the adjoining figure, TP and TQ are the two

tangents to a circle with centre O . If +POQ = 110c,
then find the angle +PTQ .
We join OC as shown in the below figure. Here OC is

the radius and PT is the tangent to circle at point C .
Ans : [Board Term-2 Compt. 2016]
Here OP = PT and OQ = QT ,
In quadrilateral OPTQ , we have
+POQ + +OPT + +PTQ + +OQT = 360c
110c + 90c + +PTQ + 90c = 360c
+PTQ = 70c
10. AB and CD are two common tangents to circles

which touch each other at a point C . If D lies on AB
such that CD = 4 cm then what is the length of AB .
AD = CD and BD = CD Thus OC = PT
AB = AD + BD = CD + CD +OCP = 90c
= 2CD = 2 # 4 Given, +ACP = 118c
= 8 cm +ACO = +ACP - +OCP
= 118c - 90c = 28c
+ACO = 28c
Since O is the circumcentre, thus OA = OC (radius)
+OAC = +ACO
x = 28c
12. Two concentric circles of radii a and b where a > b, Then, AP = PB and OP = AB
Find the length of a chord of the larger circle which
touches the other circle.
In TOAL , OA2 = OL2 + AL2

a2 = OL2 + b2
OL = a2 - b2
Length of chord, 2AL = 2 a2 - b2
Applying Pythagoras theorem in TOPA , we have

OA2 = OP 2 + AP 2
100 = 64 + AP 2
AP 2 = 100 - 64 = 36 & AP = 6 cm
AB = 2AP = 2 # 6 = 12 cm
15. In given figure, if +AOB = 125c, then find the angle

+COD ?
13. In the given figure, a circle touches all the four sides
of quadrilateral ABCD with AB = 6 cm , BC = 7 cm
and CD = 4 cm , then what is the length of AD ?
We know that, a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle

subtends supplementary angles at the centre of the
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] circle.
Four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangent to a i.e. +AOB + +COD = 180c
circle.
125c + +COD = 180c
AB + CD = BC + AD
+COD = 180c - 125c = 55c
6 + 4 = 7 + AD
16. If the angle between two radii of a circle is 130c, then
AD = 10 - 7 = 3 cm
what is the angle between the tangents at the end
14. Two concentric circles are of radii 10 cm and 8 cm, points of radii at their point of intersection ?
then find the length of the chord of the larger circle Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
which touches the smaller circle. Sum of the angles between radii and between
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2011] intersection point of tangent is always 180c.
Let O be the centre of the concentric circles of radii Thus angle at the point of intersection of
10 cm and 8 cm, respectively. Let AB be a chord of tangents
the larger circle touching the smaller circles at P . = 180c - 130c = 50c

17. In figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O +APO = 90c

such that OT = 4 cm and +OTA = 30c. What is the In right angled TOPA ,
length of AT ?
AP2 = AO2 - OP2
= (5) 2 - (3) 2 = 25 - 9 = 16
AP = 4 cm
Perpendicular from centre to chord bisect the chord.
Thus
AP = BP = 4 cm
19. In figure, TABC is circumscribing a circle, the length

of BC is ................... cm.
First we joint OA. The tangent at any point of a circle

is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
+OAT = 90c and OT = 4 cm (given)
Since AP and AR are tangents to the circle from

In TOAT , cos 30c = AT external point A, we have
OT
AP = AR = 4 cm
AT = 3
4 2 Similarly, PB and BQ are tangents.
Therefore BP = BQ = 3 cm
AT = 2 3 cm
Now, CR = AC - AR = 11 - 4 = 7 cm
18. In given figure, the length PB = ................... cm. Similarly, CR and CQ are tangents.
Therefore CR = CQ = 7 cm
Now, BC = BQ + CQ = 3 + 7 = 10 cm
Hence, the length of BC is 10 cm.
20. To draw a pair of tangents to a circle which are

inclined to each other at an angle of 30c, it is required
to draw tangents at end points of two radii of the
circle, what will be the angle between them ?
Sum of the angles between radii and between
intersection point of tangent is always 180c.
We have AO = 5 cm
and OP = 3 cm
Angle between the radii = 180c - 30c = 150c
Since AB is a tangent at P and OP is radius, we have
21. If the radii of two concentric circle are 4 cm and 5 cm, 24. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of the circle
then find the length of each chord of one circle which with centre O and AC is a tangent to the circle at A
is tangent to the other circle. . If +BOC = 130° , the find +ACO.

below.
Here OA is radius and AC is tangent at A, since

radius is always perpendicular to tangent, we have
+OAC = 90º
From exterior angle property,
Since chord AB is tangent to circle C1 at point M ,
+BOC = OAC + +ACO
OM = AB
130º = 90° + +ACO
In TOMB , OB2 = OM2 + MB2
+ACO = 130º - 90º = 40º
25 = 42 + MB2
25. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm.
MB2 = 25 - 16 = 9 Find the length of the chord of larger circle (in cm)
MB = 3 which touches the smaller circle.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic, Foreign 2014]
Since, OM = AB , we obtain AM = MB
As per the given question we draw the figure as below.
Now, AB = 2MB
= 2 # 3 = 6 cm
Hence, length of chord is 6 cm.
22. If a circle can be inscribed in a parallelogram how will

the parallelogram change?
It changes into a rectangle or a square.
23. What is the maximum number of parallel

tangents a circle can have on a diameter? Here AB is the chord of large circle which touch
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] the smaller circle at point C . We can see easily that
TAOC is right angled triangle.
Tangent touches a circle on a distinct point. Only two
parallel tangents can be drawn on the diameter of a Here, AO = 5 cm, OC = 3 cm
circle. It has been shown in figure given below. AC = AO2 - OC2 = 52 - 32
= 25 - 9 = 16 = 4 cm
Length of chord, AB = 8 cm.
26. In figure, PA and PB are tangents to the circle with

centre O such that +APB = 50º. Write the measure
of +OAB.

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Length of the tangent, l = d2 - r2

Ans : [[Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
= 82 - 62
We have +APB = 50º = 64 - 36
+PAB = +PBA = 180º - 50º = 65º = 28 = 2 3 cm.

2
Here OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, since 29. In figure, PA and PB are two tangents drawn from
radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of an external point P to a circle with centre C and
contact, we have radius 4 cm. If PA = PB , then find the length of
each tangent.
+OAP = 90º
Now +OAB = +OAP - +PAB
= 90º - 65º = 25º
27. If PQ and PR are two tangents to a circle with centre

O . If +QPR = 46º then find +QOR .
Here tangent drawn on circle from external point P

are at aright angle, CAPB will be a square.
Thus CA = AP = PB = BC = 4 cm
Thus length of tangent is 4 cm.
We have +QPR = 46º 30. In the given figure, PQ and PR are tangents
to the circle with centre O such that +QPR = 50º,
Since +QOR and +QPR are supplementary angles Then find +OQR.
+QOR + +QPR = 180º
+QOR + 46º = 180º
+QOR = 180º - 46º = 134º
28. What is the length of the tangent drawn from a point

8 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm ?
We have +QPR = +50º (Given) 33. PA and PB are tangents from point P to the circle
with centre O as shown in figure. At point M , a
Since +QOR and +QPR are supplementary angles tangent is drawn cutting PA at K and PB at N .
+QOR + +QPR = 180º Prove that KN = AK + BN
+QOR = 180º - +QPR

= 180º - 50º = 130º
From TOQR we have
+OQR = +ORQ = 180º - 130º

2
= 50º = 25º
2
31. In the figure, QR is a common tangent to given circle
which meet at T . Tangent at T meets QR at P . If Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
QP = 3.8 cm, then find length of QR . Since length of tangents from an external
point to a circle are equal,
PA = PB, KA = KM, NB = NM ,
KA + NB = KM + NM
AK + BN = KN. Hence Proved
34. In the figure, PA and PB are tangents to a circle with

centre O . If +AOB = 120c, then find +OPA .
Let us first consider large circle. Since length of

tangents from external points are equal, we can write
QP = PT
Thus QP = PT = 3.8 ....(1)
Now consider the small circle. For this circle we can
also write using same logic,
PR = PT Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, 2014]
But we have PT = 3.8 cm Here OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, since

radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of
Thus PR = PT = 3.8 cm contact, we have
Now QR = QP + PR +OAP = 90º
= 3.8 + 3.8 = 7.6 cm. Due to symmetry we have
32. If a line intersects a circle in two distinct points, what +AOP = +AOB = 120c = 60c
2 2
is it called ?
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] Now in right TAOP we have
The line which intersects a circle in two +APO + +OAP + +AOP = 180c
distinct points is called secant.
+APO + 90c + 60c = 180c
+APO = 180c - 150c = 30c.

35. PQ is a tangent drawn from an external point P 37. In figure, AP and BP are tangents to a circle with
to a circle with centre O , QOR is the diameter of centre O , such that AP = 5 cm and +APB = 60c.
the circle. If +POR = 120c, What is the measure of Find the length of chord AB .
+OPQ ?
Since PQ is a tangent to the circle, DOQP is right

angle triangle Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
In TOQP because of exterior angle,
Since length of 2 tangents drawn from an external
+POR = +OQP + +OPQ point to a circle are equal, we have
Thus +OPQ = +POR - +OQP PA = PB
= 120c - 90c Thus +PAB = +PBA = 60c

Hence TPAB is an equilateral triangle.
= 30c
Therefore AB = PA = 5 cm.
36. Two tangents making an angle of 60c between them
are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then find the 38. In the given figure, find +QSR .
length of each tangent.
Ans : [Board, Term-2, 2013]
Sum of the angles between radii and between

intersection point of tangent is always 180c.
Thus +ROQ + +RPQ = 180c
+ROQ = 180c - 60c = 120c
Since, tan q = OA
AP We know that angle subtended on the centre of a
circle is twice of the angle subtended on circumference
So. tan 30c = OA of circle
AP
1 = 3 Thus +QSR = 1 +ROQ = 1 # 120c
AP 2 2
3
AP = 3# 3 = 3 cm. = 60c
39. A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle. If AT = OT cos 30c

AB = 13 cm, BC = 14 cm and AE = 7 cm, then find
AC . = 4# 3 = 2 3 cm.
2
Thus the length of AT is 2 3 cm.
41. In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle and

AOC is its diameter such that +ACB = 50c. If AT is
the tangent to the circle at the point A, find +BAT .
Since AF and AE are tangent of the circle, AF = AE

Thus AF = AE = 7 cm Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Now BF = AB - AF = 13 - 7 = 6 cm We have +ACB = 50c

Since BF and BD are tangent of the circle, BF = BD Since +CBA is angle in semi-circle,
Thus BD = BF = 6 cm +CBA = 90c
Now CD = BC - BD = 14 - 6 = 8 cm Now +OAB = 180c - 90c - 50c = 40c
Since CD and CE are tangent of the circle, CD = CE +BAT = 90c - +OAB
Thus CE = CD = 8 cm = 90c - 40c = 50c
Now AC = AE + EC
42. In the figure there are two concentric circles with
= 7 + 8 = 15 cm. centre O . PRT and PQS are tangents to the inner
circle from a point P lying on the outer circle. If
40. In given figure, if AT is a tangent to the circle with PR = 5 cm find the length of PS .
centre O , such that OT = 4 cm and +OTA = 30c,
then find the length of AT .

Since PQ and PR are tangent of the circle, PQ = PR
Since AT is a tangent to the circle, DOAT is right
angle triangle PQ = PR = 5 cm
Now cos 30c = AT Since PS is chord of circle and point Q bisect it, thus
OT

PQ = QS AP = AR = 7 cm
PS = 2PQ CQ = CR = 5 cm
= 2 # 5 = 10 cm Now, BP = (AB - AP) = 10 - 7 = 3 cm
43. In figure, O is the centre of the circle, PQ is a chord BP = BQ = 3 cm

and PT is tangent to the circle at P . BC = BQ + QC = 3 + 5 = 8 cm
45. In figure, a circle touches all the four sides of a

quadrilateral ABCD . If AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and
CD = 8 cm, then find the length of AD .
We have +OPQ = +OQP Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
= 180c - 70c = 55c As per given information we have redrawn the figure
2 below.
Thus TPQ = 90c - 55c = 35c
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
44. A circle is inscribed in a TABC touching AB , BC

and AC at P , Q and R respectively. If AB = 10 cm
AR = 7 cm and CR = 5 cm , then find the length of
BC
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
As per given information we have drawn the figure equal in length.
below. Thus AP = AS and let it be x .
Here a circle is inscribed in a TABC touching AB ,
BC and AC at P , Q and R respectively. Similarly, BP = BQ , CQ = CR and RD = DS
Now BP = AB - AP = 6 - x
BP = BQ = 6 - x
CQ = BC - BQ = 9 - (6 - x) = 3 + x
Now, CQ = CR = 3 + x
RD = CD - CR = 8 - (3 + x) = 5 - x
Now, RD = DS = 5 - x
AD = AS + SD = x + 5 - x = 5
Since, tangents drawn to a circle from an external
point are equal, Thus AD is 5 cm.
46. In the given figure, from a point P , two tangents PT Now

and PS are drawn to a circle with centre O such that
+SPT = 120c, Prove that OP = 2PS . +AOB + +OAB + +OBA = 180º
+AOB + 40º + 40º = 180º
+AOB = 180º - 80º = 100º
Hence +AOB = 100º
48. In the given figure, if BC = 4.5 cm, find the length

of AB .
We have +SPT = 120c

As OP bisects +SPT ,
+OPS = 120c = 60c

2
Since radius is always perpendicular to tangent,
+PTO = 90c
Since length of tangents from an external point to a
Now in right triangle POS , we have circle are equal,
CB = CP = 4.5 cm
cos 60c = PS
OP
and CA = CP
1 = PS
2 OP Now AB = AC + CB
OP = 2PS Hence proved. = CP + CP = 2CP
47. From an external point P , tangents PA and PB are = 2 # 4.5 = 9 cm
drawn to a circle with centre O. If +PAB = 50º, then
find +AOB. 49. Prove that the lengths of two tangents drawn from an
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] external point to a circle are equal.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic, 2018]
Consider a circle of radius r and centre at O as shown
in figure below. Here we have drawn two tangent from
P at A and B . We have to prove that
AP = PB
Since PA = OA , +OAP = 90c

+OAB = +OAP - +BAP
= 90º - 50º = 40º
Since OA and OB are radii, we have
+OAB = +OBA = 40º

We join OA, OB and OP . In TPAO and TPBO , OP Since PQ = OP = OQ , triangle TPQO is an

is common and OA = OB radius of same circle. equilateral triangle.
Since radius is always perpendicular to tangent, at
point of contact, Thus +POQ = 60c
+OAP = +OBP = 90c Now we know that +POQ and +PTQ are
supplementary angle,
Thus TPAO , TPBO .
+POQ + +PTQ = 180c
and hence, AP = BP
+PTQ = 180c - +POQ
Thus length of 2 tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle are equal. = 180c - 60c = 120c
50. Prove that in two concentric circles, the chord of Thus +PTQ = 120c
the larger circle, which touches the smaller circle is
bisected at the point of contact. 52. In given figure, AB is the diameter of a circle with
centre O and AT is a tangent. If +AOQ = 58c, find
+ATQ .

Since OP is radius and APB is tangent, OP = AB .
We have +AOQ = 58c
Now for bigger circle, O is centre and AB is chord
such that OP = AB . Since angle +ABQ and +AOQ are the angle on the
circumference of the circle by the same arc,
Thus OP bisects AB .
+ABQ = 1 +AOQ
2
51. In the given figure PQ is chord of length 6 cm of the
circle of radius 6 cm. TP and TQ are tangents to the
circle at points P and Q respectively. Find +PTQ . = 1 # 58c = 29c
2
Here OA is perpendicular to TA because OA is radius
and TA is tangent at A.
Thus +BAT = 90c
+ABQ = +ABT
Now in DBAT ,
+ATB = 90c - +ABT
= 90c - 29c = 61c
Thus +ATQ = +ATB = 61c
53. In figure, two tangents RQ and RP are drawn from

We have PQ = 6 cm, OP = OQ = 6 cm
an external point R to the circle with centre O . If
+PRQ = 120c, then prove that OR = PR + RQ . We redraw the given figure by joining O to T and Q
as shown below.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] Here angle +TOQ and +TPQ are supplementary
angle.
We redraw the given figure by joining O to P as
shown below. Thus +TOQ = 180c - +TPQ
= 180c - 70c = 110c
Since angle +TRQ and +TOQ are the angle on the
circumference of the circle by the same arc,
+TRQ = 1 +TOQ
2
= 1 # 110c = 55c
2
55. Prove that tangents drawn at the ends of a chord of a
circle make equal angles with the chord.
+PRO = 12 +PRQ
= 120c = 60c
2
Here DOPR is right angle triangle, thus

+POR = 90c - +PRO = 90c - 60c = 30c
Now PR = sin 30c = 1

OR 2
OR = 2PR = PR + PR
Since PR = QR ,
OR = PR + QR Hence Proved Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
We redraw the given figure by joining M and N to P

54. In figure, O is the centre of a circle. PT are tangents to
as shown below.
the circle from an external point P . If +TPQ = 70c,
find +TRQ .

Since length of tangents from an external point to a at the points P, Q, R and S respectively. Prove that.
circle are equal, AB + CD = BC + DA.
PM = PN
Since angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
+1 = +2
Now using property of linear pair we have
180º - +1 = 180º - +2
+3 = +4 Hence Proved
56. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from an external Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
point P to a circle inclined to each other at an angle
of 70º, then what is the value of +PAB ? Since length of tangents from an external point to a
circle are equal,
At A, AP = AS (1)
As per question we draw the given circle as shown
below. At B BP = BQ (2)
At C CR = CQ (3)
At D DR = DS (4)
Adding eqn. (1), (2), (3), (4)
AP + BP + DR + CR = AS + DS + BQ + CQ
AP + BP + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
AB + CD = AD + BC
Hence Proved
Here angle +AOB and +APB are supplementary
angle. 58. In Figure, common tangents AB and CD to
the two circle with centres O1 and O2 intersect
Thus +AOB = 180c - +APB at E. Prove that AB = CD.
= 180c - 70c = 110c
OA and OB are radius of circle and equal in length,
thus angle +OAB and +OBA are also equal. Thus
in triangle DOAB we have
+OBA + +OAB + +AOB = 180c
+OAB + +OBA = 180c - +AOB
2+OAB = 180c - 110c = 70c
+OAB = 35c
Since OA is radius and AP is tangent at A, OA = AP
Since EA and EC are tangents from point E to the
+OAP = 90º
circle with centre Q1
Now +PAB = +OAP - +OAB EA = EC ...(1)
= 90º - 35º = 55º and EB and ED are tangents from point E to the
57. In Figure a quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circle with centre O2
circumscribe a circle, with centre O, in such a way EB = ED (2)
that the sides AB, BC, CD, and DA touch the circle
Adding eq (1) and (2) we have +BPA = 90º

EA + BE = CE + ED Here OB and OP are radius of circle and equal in
length, thus angle +OBP and +OPB are also equal.
AB = CD Hence Proved
Thus +BPO = +PBO = 30º
59. In the given figure, if AB = AC , prove that BE = CE. Now +POA = +OBP + +OPB
= 30c + 30c = 60c
Thus +POT = +POA = 60c
Since OP is radius and PT is tangent at P , OP = PT
+OPT = 90º
Now in right angle DOPT ,
+PTO = 180c - (+OPT + +POT)
Substituting +OPT = 90º and +POT = 60c we have
+PTO = 180c - (90c + 60c)
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] = 180c - 150c

Since tangents from an external point to a = 30º
circle are equal,
Thus +PTA = +PTO = 30º
AD = AF (1) 61. In figure, O is the centre of the circle and LN is a

diameter. If PQ is a tangent to the circle at K and
BD = BE (2) +KLN = 30º , find +PKL.
CE = CF (3)
From AB = AC we have
AD + DB = AF + FC
or DB = FC (AD = AF)
From eq (2) and (3) we have

BE = EC Hence Proved
60. In the given figure, BOA is a diameter of a circle and

the tangent at a point P meets BA when produced at
T. If +PBO = 30º , what is the measure of +PTA ?
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
Since OK and OL are radius of circle, thus

OK = OL
Angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
+OKL = +OLK = 30º
Tangent is perpendicular to the end point of radius,
+OKP = 90º (Tangent)

Now +PKL = +OKP - +OKL
Angle inscribed in a semicircle is always right angle. = 90º - 30º = 60º

62. Prove that the tangents drawn at the end points of 64. An isosceles triangle ABC , with AB = AC ,
a chord of a circle make equal angles with the chord. circumscribes a circle, touching BC at P , AC at Q
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] and AB at R . Prove that the contact point P bisects
BC .
As per question we draw figure shown below.

below.

circle are equal,
PA = PB
Since, the tangents drawn from externals points are
Since angles opposite to equal sides are equal, equal,
+PAB = +PBA AR = AQ
BR = BP
CP = CQ
Now we have, AB = AC
63. If tangents PA and PB drawn from an external point
P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other AR + BR = AQ + CQ
at an angle of 80c, then find +POA .
AR + BP = AQ + CP
As per given information we have drawn the figure AQ + BP = AQ + CP

below. BP = CP
Hence, the point of contact P bisects BC .
65. Prove that the rectangle circumscribing a circle is a

square.
We have a rectangle ABCD circumscribe a circle

which touches the circle at P , Q , R , S . We have to
prove that ABCD is a square.
below.
Since PA and PB are the tangents, PO will be angle
bisector of +P
Hence, +APO = 40c
Now, in TAPO , +PAO is 90c because this is angle

between radius and tangent.
Now +PAO + +APO + +POA = 180c
90c + 40c + +POA = 180c
Since tangent drawn from an external point to a circle
+POA = 50c are equals,
AP = AS
PB = BQ
DR = DS
RC = QC
Adding all above equation we have
AP + PB + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
From the same external point, the tangent segments
AB + CD = AD + BC
drawn to a circle are equal.
Since ABCD is rectangle, AB = CD and AD = BC ,
From the point B , BQ = BP
Thus 2AB = 2BC
From the point A, AQ = AR
AB = BC
From the point C , CP = CR
Since adjacent sides are equal are equal. So, ABCD
is a square. Now
66. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is AB + BC + CA = (AQ - BQ) + (BP + PC) + (AR - CR)
perpendicular to the radius through the point of = (AQ - BQ) + (BQ + CR) + (AQ - CR)
contact. = 2AQ
Given, a circle with centre O and tangent AB at P . AQ = 1 (BC + CA + AB) Hence proved.
2
We take a point Q on the tangent AB and join OQ
meeting the circle at R . 68. In figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to
circle with centre O from an external point T . Prove
that +PTQ = 2+OPQ .
To prove that OP = AB , it is sufficient to prove that

OP is shorter than any other segment joining O to
any point of AB .
Clearly OP = OR (radius) Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
OQ = OR + RQ We redraw the given figure as shown below.
OQ > OR
OQ > OP
Thus OP is shorter than any other segment joining
O to any other point of AB and shortest line is
perpendicular.
Thus OP = AB Hence Proved
67. If a circle touches the side BC of a triangle ABC Let +OPQ be q , then
at P and extended sides AB and AC at Q and R , +TPQ = 90c - q
respectively, prove that AQ = 12 (BC + CA + AB)
Since, TP = TQ , due to opposite angles of equal sides
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard, 2016]
we have
As per given information in question we have drawn +TQP = 90c - q
the figure below,
From angle sum property of a triangle we can write,

+TPQ + +TQP + +PTQ = 180c Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
90c - q + 90c - q + +PTQ = 180c We have +RPQ = 50c
+PTQ = 180c - 180c + 2q Since +OPQ + +QPR is right angle triangle,
+PTQ = 2q +OPQ = 90c - 50c = 40c
Hence, +PTQ = 2+OPQ Since, OP = OQ because of radii of circle, we have
69. In given figure, two circles touch each other at the +OPQ = +OQR = 40c
point C . Prove that the common tangent to the In DPOQ we have
circles at C , bisects the common tangent at P and Q .
+POQ = 180c - (+OPQ + +OQP)
= 180c - ^40c + 40ch = 100c
71. In the given figure, a circle is inscribed in a TABC,

such that it touches the sides AB, BC and CA at
points D, E and F respectively. If the lengths of
sides AB, BC and CA are 12 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm
respectively, find the lengths of AD, BE and CF .
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic, 2020 Delhi Standard]
Here PT and TC are the tangents of circle A from

extended point, thus
PT = TC
Here TQ and TC are the tangents of circle B from
extended point, thus
QT = TC
Thus, PT = QT
Now, PQ = PT + TQ Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
= PT + PT = 2PT Since AF and AD are tangent of the circle, AF = AD
Thus 1 PQ = PT Let AF = AD = x
2
Now DB = AB - AD = 12 - x
Hence, the common tangent to the circle at C , bisects
the common tangents at P and Q . Since BD and BE are tangent of the circle, BD = BE
70. If O is centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the Thus BE = BD = 12 - x
tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50c with PQ ,
find +POQ . Now CE = CB - BE = 8 - (12 - x)
Since CF and CE are tangent of the circle, CF = CE
Thus CF = CE = 8 - (12 - x) cm
But AC = CF + FA
Substituting values we have
10 = 8 - (12 - x) + x
10 = 2x - 4
2x = 10 + 4 = 14
x =7 tangents PQ and PR are drawn to the circle, then

the area of the quadrilateral PQOR (in cm2).
Thus AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm, CF = 3 cm
72. In the given figure, OP is equal to the diameter of a As per the given question we draw the figure as below.
circle with centre O and PA and PB are tangents.
Prove that ABP is an equilateral triangle.
Here OQ is radius and QP is tangent at Q , since

radius is always perpendicular to tangent at point of
contact, TOQP is right angle triangle.
We redraw the given figure by joining A to B as Now PQ = OP2 - OR2

shown below. = 132 - 52 = 169 - 25
= 144 = 12 cm
Area of triangle TOQP ,
D = 12 (OQ) (QP) = 12 # 12 # 5 = 30
Area of quadrilateral PQOR ,
2 # TPOQ = 2 # 30 = 60 cm2
Since OA is radius and PA is tangent at A, OA = AP. 74. In the figure, PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre
Now in right angle triangle DOAP , OP is equal to O . If +OAB = 30º , find +ABP and +AOB.
diameter of circle, thus
OP = 2OA
OA = 1
OP 2
sin q = 1 & q = 30c

2
Since PO bisect the angle +APB ,
Hence, +APB = 2 # 30c = 60º
Now, in TAPB ,
AP = AB
+PAB = +PBA
Here OB is radius and QT is tangent at B , OB = PQ
= 180c - 60c = 60º
2 +OBP = 90º
Thus TAPB is an equilateral triangle. Here OA and OB are radius of circle and equal. Since
angles opposite to equal sides are equal,
73. From a point P , which is at a distant of 13 cm from
the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm, the pair of +OAB = +OBA = 30º

Now +AOB = 180º - ^30º + 30ºh = 120º Here AB = CD and AB = EF

+ABP = +OBP - +OBA Thus +CAB = 90º and +ABF = 90º
= 90º - 30º = 60º Hence +CAB = +ABF
75. In TABD, AB = AC. If the interior circle of TABC and +ABE = +BAD
touches the sides AB, BC and CA at D, E and F Hence +CAB and +ABF also +ABE and +BAD
respectively. Prove that E bisects BC. are alternate interior angles.
CD | | EF Hence Proved
77. A circle is inscribed in a TABC, with sides AC, AB
and BC as 8 cm, 10 cm and 12 cm respectively. Find
the length of AD, BE and CF.

circle are equal,
At A, AF = AD (1)
At B BE = BD (2)
At C CE = CF (3)
We have AC = 8 cm
Now we have AB = AC
AB = 10 cm
AD + DB = AF + FC
and BC = 12 cm
BD = FC ( AD = AF ) Let AF be x . Since length of tangents from an
BE = EC (BD = BE, CE = CF) external point to a circle are equal,
At A, AF = AD = x (1)
Thus E bisects BC.
At B BE = BD = AB - AD = 10 - x (2)
76. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a
diameter of a circle are parallel. At C CE = CF = AC - AF = 8 - x (3)
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, 2017, 2014]
Now BC = BE + EC
Let AB be a diameter of a given circle and let CD
12 = 10 - x + 8 - x
and RF be the tangents drawn to the circle at A and
B respectively as shown in figure below. 2x = 18 - 12 = 6
or x =3
Now AD = 3 cm,
BE = 10 - 3 = 7 cm
and CF = 8 - 3 = 5
78. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to a

circle from an external point P such that PA = 4 cm
and +BAC = 135º . Find the length of chord AB . We redraw the given figure as shown below. Here OT
is perpendicular bisector of PQ ,
Since, OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ ,

, PR = QR = 4 cm
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] In right angle triangle TOTP and TPTR , we have
Since length of tangents from an external point to a TP2 = TR2 + PR2 ...(1)
circle are equal,
Also, OT 2 = TP 2 + OP 2
PA = PB = 4 cm
Substituting TP2 from equation (1) we have
Here +PAB and +BAC are supplementary angles,
OT 2 = ^TR2 + PR2h + OP 2
+PAB = 180c - 135c = 45c
^TR + ORh2 = TR2 + PR2 + OR2
Angle +ABP and = +PAB = 45c opposite angles of
equal sides, thus Now OR2 = OP 2 - PR2
+ABP = +PAB = 45c = 52 - 42 = 32
In triangle TAPB we have Thus OR = 3 cm
+APB = 180c - +ABP - +BAP Thus substituting OR = 3 cm we have
= 180c - 45c - 45c = 90c ^TR + 3h2 = TR2 + 42 + 52
Thus TAPB is a isosceles right angled triangle TR2 + 9 + 6TR = TR2 + 16 + 25
Now AB2 = AP2 + BP2 = 2AP2 6TR = 32
= 2 # 42 = 32 TR = 16
3
Hence AB = 32 = 4 2 cm
Now, from (1), TP 2 = TR2 + PR2
2
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS = b 16 l + 42
3
= 256 + 16
79. In Figure, PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of 9
radius 5 cm and centre O . The tangents at P and Q
intersect at point T . Find the length of TP . = 400
9
TP = 20 cm
3
80. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an
external point P to a circle of radius a and centre O,
is 60º, then find the length of OP.
Ans : [Board 2020 SQP STD]


AC = 102 - 362 = 8 cm
Area of triangle TABC ,
TABC = 1 # AB # AC
2
= 1 # 6 # 8 = 24 cm2
2
Here we have joined AO, BO and CO .
For area of triangle we have
TABC = TOBC + TOCA + TOAB
Tangents are always equally inclined to line joining
24 = 12 rBC + 12 rAC + 12 rAB
the external point P to centre O .
= 12 r (BC + AC + AB)
+APO = +BPO = 60º = 30º
2
= 12 r (6 + 10 + 8) = 12r
Also radius is also perpendicular to tangent at point
of contact. or 12r = 24
In right TOAP we have, Thus r = 2 cm.
+APO = 30º 82. In figure, a circle is inscribed in a TABC having sides
BC = 8 cm , AB = 10 cm and AC = 12 cm . Find the
Now, sin 30º = OA length BL, CM and AN .
OP
Here OA is radius whose length is a , thus

1 = a
2 OP
or OP = 2a
81. A right triangle ABC , right angled at A is

circumscribing a circle. If AB = 6 cm and BC = 10 cm,
find the radius r of the circle.
Tangents from external a point on a circle are always

equal in length.
Let x be length of BL , then we have
BL = x = BN
So, LC = MC = ^8 - x h
and AN = AM = ^10 - x h
Since, AC = 12
AM + MC = 12
^10 - x h + ^8 - x h = 12
In triangle TABC , 18 - 2x = 12 & x = 3
Hence, BL = 3 cm 84. PB is a tangent to the circle with centre O to B.AB

is a chord of length 24 cm at a distance of 5 cm from
CM = 8 - 3 = 5 cm the centre. It the tangent is length 20 cm, find the
and AN = 10 - 3 = 7 cm length of PO .
83. a, b and c are the sides of a right triangle, where c

is the hypotenuse. A circle, of radius r , touches the
sides of the triangle. Prove that r = a + b - c .
2
We redraw the given figure by joining O to B as

shown below.
Let the circle touches CB at M , CA at N and AB

at P .
Now OM = CB and ON = AC because radius is
always perpendicular to tangent
OM and ON are radius of circle, thus
OM = ON
CM and CN are tangent from C , thus
CM = CN
Therefore OMCN is a square. Let Here TOMB right angled triangle because AB is
chord and OM is perpendicular on it.
Let OM = r = CM = CN = ON
In right angled triangle TOMB we have,
circle are equal, OB2 = OM2 + MB2
AN = AP, CN = CM and BM = BP = 52 + 122 = 132
Now taking AN = AP Thus OB = 13
AC - CN = AB - BP Here TOBP right angled triangle because PB is
tangent on radius OB .
b - r = c - BM
This in right angled triangle TOBP we have,
b - r = c - â - r h
OP2 = OB2 + BP2 = 132 + 202 = 569
b-r = c-a+r
Thus OP = 569 = 23.85 cm
2r = a + b - c
85. In figure O is the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. T
r =a+b-c Hence Proved. is a point such that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects
2

circle at E . If AB is a tangent to the circle at E , find Ans : [Board Term-2, 2013]

the length of AB , where TP and TQ are two tangents Since length of tangents from an external point to a
to the circle. circle are equal,
DR = DS = 5 cm
AR = AQ
BQ = BP
Now AR = AD - DR
= 23 - 5 = 18 cm
AQ = AR = 18 cm
QB = AB - AQ
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] = 29 - 18 = 11 cm
Here DOPT is right angled triangle because PT is PB = QB = 11
tangent on radius OP .
Now +OQB = +OPB = 90c because radius is always
Thus PT = 132 - 52 = 169 - 25 = 12 cm perpendicular to tangent.
and TE = OT - OE = 13 - 5 = 8 cm Thus OP = OQ = PB = BQ
Since length of tangents from an external point to a So, POQB is a square. Hence, r = OP = PB = 11 cm
circle are equal,
Let PA = AE = x 87. In Figure the radius of incircle of TABC of area
84 cm2 and the lengths of the segments AP and BP
Here DAET is right angled triangle because AB is into which side AB is divided by the point of contact
tangent on radius OE . are 6 cm and 8 cm Find the lengths of the sides AC
In DAET , TA2 = TE2 + EA2 and BC.
(TP - PA) 2 = 82 + x2
^12 - x h2 = 64 + x
2
144 - 24x + x2 = 64 + x2
24x = 144 - 64 = 80
or, x = 3.3 cm.
Thus AB = 2 # x = 2 # 3.3 = 6.6 cm.
86. In figure, a circle with centre O is inscribed in a

quadrilateral ABCD such that, it touches the sides
BC , AB, AD and CD at points P, Q, R and S
respectively. If AB = 29 cm, AD = 23 cm, +B = 90c
and DS = 5 cm, then find the radius of the circle (in
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012, 2014, OD Compt. 2017]
cm).
circle are equal,
At A, AP = AR = 6 cm (1)
At B , ,BP = BQ = 8 cm (2)
At C , CR = CQ = x (3)
Perimeter of TABC ,
CBSE
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p = AP + PB + BQ + QC + CR + RA +ADC + +DAO + +DCO + +AOC = 360c

= 6 + 8 + 8 + x + x + 6 = 28 + 2x 50c + 90c + 90c + +AOC = 360c
Now area TABC = 12 rp 230c + +AOC = 360c
Here r = 4 is the radius of circle. Substituting all +AOC = 360c - 230c = 130c
values we have
Now Reflex +AOC = 360c - 130c = 230c
84 = 12 # 4 # (28 + 2x)
84 = 56 + 4x +APC = 1 reflex +AOC
2
21 = 14 + x & x = 7
= 1 # 230c = 115c
2
Thus AC = AR + RC = 6 + 7 = 13 cm
89. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral
BC = BQ + QC = 8 + 7 = 15 cm circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary angles
at the centre of the circle.
88. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
Determine +APC , if DA and DC are tangents and
+ADC = 50c. A circle centre O is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD
as shown in figure given below.
We redraw the given figure by joining A and C to O Since OE and OF are radius of circle,
as shown below.
OE = OF
Tangent drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular
to the radius through the point contact.
Thus +OEA = +OFA = 90c
Now in TAEO and TAFO ,
OE = OF
+OEA = +OFA = 90c
OA = OA (Common side)
Thus TAEO , TAFO (SAS congruency)
+7 = +8
Since DA and DC are tangents from point D to the
circle with centre O , and radius is always perpendicular Similarly, +1 = +2
to tangent, thus +3 = +4
+DAO = +DCO = 90c
+5 = +6
and Since angle around a point is 360c,

+1 + +2 + +3 + +4 + +5 + +6 + +7 + +8 = 360c Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
2+1 + 2+8 + 2+4 + 2+5 = 360c Here PQ is chord of circle and OM will be
perpendicular on it and it bisect PQ . Thus TOMP is
+1 + +8 + +4 + +5 = 180c a right angled triangle.
^+1 + +8h + ^+4 + +5h = 180c We have OP = 10 cm (Radius)
+AOB + +COD = 180c Hence Proved. PM = 8 cm (PQ = 16 cm)
90. Prove that tangent drawn at any point of a circle Now in TOMP ,OM = 102 - 82
perpendicular to the radius through the point contact. = 100 - 64 = 36
= 6 cm
Consider a circle with centre O with tangent AB at
point of contact P as shown in figure below Now +TPM + +MPO = 90c
Also, +TPM + +PTM = 90c
+MPO = +PTM
+TMP = +OMP = 90c
Thus due to AA symmetry we have
TTMP + TPMO
Now TP = MP
PO MO
Let Q be point on AB and we join OQ . Suppose it
touch the circle at R . TP = 8
10 6
We OP = OR (Radius)
Clearly OQ 2 OR TP = 80 = 40
6 3
OQ 2 OP Hence length of TP is 40
3 cm.
Same will be the case with all other points on circle.
Hence OP is the smallest line that connect AB and 92. Two tangents PA and PB are drawn from an
smallest line is perpendicular. external point P to a circle with centre O , such that
+APB = +x and +AOB = y . Prove that opposite
Thus OP = AB angles are supplementary.
or, OP = PQ Hence Proved Ans : [Board Term-2, 2011]

91. In figure, PQ , is a chord of length 16 cm, of a circle of
radius 10 cm. the tangents at P and Q intersect at a
point T . Find the length of TP .
Now OA = AP and OB = BP because tangent

drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the
radius through the point contact.
Thus +A = +B = 90c 94. In figure, PQ is a chord of a circle O and PT is a

Since, AOBP is a quadrilateral, tangent. If +QPT = 60c, find +PRQ .
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015, 2017]
+A + +B + x + y = 360c
90c + 90c + x + y = 360c
180 + x + y = 360c
x + y = 180c
Therefore opposite angle are supplementary.
93. In figure PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of

radius 5 cm. The tangents drawn at P and Q intersect
at T . Find the length of TP .
We have +QPT = 60c
Here +OPT = 90c because of tangent at radius.
Now +OPQ = +OQP
= +OPT - +QTP
= 90c - 60c = 30c
+POQ = 180c - ^+OPQ + +OQP h
= 180c - ^30c + 30ch
= 180c - 60c = 120c
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
Now Reflex +POQ = 360c - 120c = 240c
circle are equal, +PRQ = 1 Reflex +POQ
2
PT = QT
Thus DTPQ is an isosceles triangle and TO is the = 1 # 240c = 120c
2
angle bisector of +PTQ .
95. AB is a chord of circle with centre O . At B , a tangent
Thus OT = PQ and OT also bisects PQ . PB is drawn such that its length is 24 cm. The
Thus PR = PQ = 82 = 4 cm distance of P from the centre is 26 cm. If the chord
AB is 16 cm, find its distance from the centre.
Since TOPR is right angled isosceles triangle,
OR = OP2 - PR2
= 52 - 42 = 25 - 16
= 3 cm
Now, Let TP = x and TR = y then we have
x2 = y2 + 16 (1)
Also in TOPT ,
x2 + ^5 h2 = ^y + 3h2 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get
y = 16 and x = 20 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012]

3 3
Hence, TP = 20 We redraw the given figure by joining O to B as
3 shown below.


circle are equal,
TP = TQ
Angle +TPR and +TQR are opposite angle of equal
sides, thus
+TPR = +TQR
Now in TPTR and TQTR
TP = TQ
TR = TR (Common)
Here we have drawn perpendicular OC on chord AB +TPR = +TQR
. Thus Triangle DOCB is also right angled triangle,
We have PB = 24 cm, OP = 26 cm. Thus TPTR , TQTR
Triangle DOPB is right angled triangle because PB and PR = QR
is tangent at radius OB and +OPB = 90c.
In right angled DOPB , we have and +PRT = +QRT
OB = OP2 - BP2 = 262 - 242 But +PRT + QRT = 180c as PQ is line segment,
= 676 - 576 = 100 = 10 cm +PRT = +QRT = 90c

Since perpendicular drawn from the centre to a chord Therefore TR or OT is the right bisector of line
bisect it, we have segment PQ . Hence proved.
BC = 1 AB = 16 = 8 cm 97. In Figure, PQ and RS are two parallel tangents to

2 2 a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with
point of contact C intersecting PQ at A and RS at
Now in TOBC, OC2 = OB2 - BC2
B . Prove that +AOB = 90c.
= 102 - 82 = 36
OC = 6 cm
Thus distance of the chord from the centre is 6 cm.
96. From a point T outside a circle of centre O , tangents

TP and TQ are drawn to the circle. Prove that OT is
the right bisector of line segment PQ .
Ans : [Board 2019 OD STD, 2014, 2012]
A circle with centre O . Tangents TP and TQ are
drawn from a point T outside a circle as shown in We redraw the given figure as shown below.
figure below.
In TDOA and TCOA , DA and AC are tangents

drawn from common point,
Thus DA = AC
Due to angle between tangent and radius,
+ODA = +OCA = 90c AP + PB + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

Due to radius of circle, or, AB + CD = AD + BC
OD = OC
From (1) 2AB = 2AD
By SAS symmetry we have
or AB = AD
TDOA O TCOA
Thus ABCD is a rhombus.
Hence, by CPCT,+1 = +2
99. In the figure, the TABC is drawn to circumscribe a
i.e., +DOA = +COA ...(1) circle of radius 4 cm, such that the segments BD and
DC are of lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find
Similarly, by SAS
AB and AC .
TBOC = TBOE
and by CPCT +3 = +4
i.e., +COB = +BOE ...(2)
Now, angles on a straight line,
+1 + +2 + +3 + +4 = 180c
2+2 + 2+3 = 180c
+2 + +3 = 90c
i.e., +AOC + +BOC = 90c
or +AOB = 90c Hence Proved
98. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014, 2012]
is a rhombus. We redraw the given circle by joining AO , BO and

Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi STD, 2013, 2014] CO shown in figure below. Let length of AF be x .
Let ABCD be the parallelogram.
AB = CD, AD = BC (1)

circle are equal, Since length of tangents from an external point to a
At A, AP = AS (2) circle are equal,
At A, AF = AE = x (2)
At B BP = BQ (3)
At B BF = BD = 8 cm (3)
At C CR = CQ (4)
At C CD = CE = 6 cm (4)
At D DR = DS (5)
Now AB = x + 8
Adding above 4 equation we have

AC = x + 6 circle are equal,

BC = 8 + 6 = 14 cm PA = PB
Perimeter of circle KM = KA
p = AB + BC + CA MN = BN
= x + 8 + 14 + x + 6 Now KN = KM + MN
= 2 (x + 14) = KA + BN
Semi-perimeter of circle Now perimeter of TPNK
s = 12 p = x + 14 p = PN + KN + PK
Area or triangle TABC = PN + BN + KA + PK
TABC = s ^s - a h^s - b h^s - c h = PB + PA
= 48x2 + 672x (1) = 2PB (PA = PB)
Area or triangle TABC , 101.In figure, a triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a

circle of radius 3 cm, such that the segments BD and
TABC = 12 rp DC are respectively of lengths 6 cm and 9 cm. If the
= 12 # 4 # 2 (x + 14) area of TABC is 54 cm2, then find the lengths of sides
AB and AC .
= 4 (x + 14) (2)
48x2 + 672x = 16 ^x + 14h2
48x (x + 14) = 16 ^x + 14h2
3x = x + 14
or, x =7
Thus AC = 6 + 7 = 13 cm
and AB 8 + 7 = 15 cm.
100.In given figure, PA and PB are tangents from a point

P to the circle with centre O . At the point M , other
tangent to the circle is drawn cutting PA and PB at
K and N . Prove that the perimeter of TPNK = 2PB We redraw the given circle as shown below.
.
Since tangents from an external point to a circle are +SRQ = +RQP = 75c
equal,
Thus SQ = RQ
AF = AE
and +RSQ = +SRQ = 75c
BF = BD = 6 cm
In triangle TAQR ,
CE = CD = 9 cm
+SQR + +QSR + +QRS = 180c
Let AF = AE = x
+SQR + 75c + 75c = 180c
Now AB = AF + FB = 6 + x
+SQR = 180c - 150c
AC = AE + EC = x + 9
= 30c
BC = 6 + 9 = 15 cm
Thus +SQR = 30c.
Perimeter of TABC ,
103.In the figureAB and CD are common tangents to two
p = 15 + 6 + x + 9 + x = 30 + 2x circles of unequal radii. Prove that AB = CD .
Now area, TABC = 12 rp
Here r = 3 is the radius of circle. Substituting all
values we have
54 = 12 # 3 # (30 + 2x)
54 = 45 + 3x
or x =3
Thus AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm and BC = 15 cm.
102.In the figure, tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
external point P to a circle with centre O , such that
We redraw the given figure by extending AB and BD
+RPQ = 30c. A chord RS is drawn parallel to the
which intersect at P as shown in figure below
tangent PQ . Find +RQS .

Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] circle are equal,
Since length of tangents from an external point to a PA = PC
circle are equal,
and PB = PD
PR = PQ
Now, PA - PB = PC - PD
Now +PRQ = +PQR = 180c - 30c
2 AB = CD Hence Proved
= 150c = 75c 104.In figure PQ is a tangent from an external point P

2
to a circle with centre O and OP cuts the circle at T
Since SR || QP , +SRQ and +RQP are alternate and +QOR is a diameter. If +POR = 130c and S is
angle,

a point on the circle, find +1 + +2 . Angle subtended at the centre is always 2 time of
angle subtended at circumference by same arc. Thus
+AOC = 2+ADC = 2+D
= 2 # 40c = 80c
106.In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to

the circle from an external point P . CD is another
tangent touching the circle at Q . If PA = 12 cm,
QC = QD = 3 cm, then find PC + PD.
Here +OQP = 90c because radius is always

perpendicular to tangent at point of contact.
Angle subtended at the centre is always 2 time of
angle subtended at circumference by same arc. Thus
+2 = 1 +TOR = 1 +POR
2 2
= 1 # 130c = 65c
2
Now +POQ = 180c - 130c = 50c
+1 = 180c - +OQP - +POQ circle are equal,
= 180c - 90c - 50c = 40c CA = CQ = 3 cm
Now +2 + +1 = 65c + 40c = 105c DQ = DB = 3 cm
105.In the given figure, AD is a diameter of a circle with and PB = PA = 12 cm

centre O and AB is a tangent at A. C is a point PA + PB = PC + CA + PD + DB
on the circle such that DC produced intersects the
tangent at B and +ABC = 50c. Find +AOC . PC + PD = PA - CA + PB - DB
= 12 - 3 + 12 - 3 = 18 cm
***********
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] or Scan Code
Tangent drawn at any point of a circle is perpendicular
to the radius through the point contact.
Therefore +A = 90c
Now in DDAB we have
+D + +A + +B = 180c
+D + 90c + 50c = 180c
+D = 40c
Page 328 Constructions Chap 11
CHAPTER 11
Constructions
ONE MARK QUESTIONS
1. The ratio of the sides of the triangle to be constructed

with the corresponding sides of the given triangle is
known as______
The ratio of the sides of the triangle to be From figure,

constructed with the corresponding sides of +AOB + +APB = 180c
the given triangle is known as scale factor.
+AOB = 180c - +APB
2. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio = 180c - 55c = 125c
3 : 4, we draw a ray AX , so that +BAX
is an acute angle and then mark the points 5. In given figure, in what ratio does P divides AB
on ray AX at equal distances such that the internally ?
minimum number of these points is____
Minimum number of these points = 3 + 4 = 7
3. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio 2 : 5, first

a ray AX is drawn, so that +BAX is an acute angle
and then at equal distance points are marked on the
ray AX such that the minimum number of these
point is____
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
We know that, to divide a line segment AB Point P divide AB internally in the ratio 4: 4 i.e. 1: 1.
in the ratio m : n , first draw a ray AX which
makes an acute +BAX then, marked m + n 6. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio 5: 7, first
points at equal distance. AX is drawn, so that +BAX is an acute angle and
then at equal distance, points are marked on the ray
Here, m = 2, n = 5 AX , find the minimum number of these points.
Minimum number of these points = 2 + 5 = 7 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Minimum number of points marked on AX are

4. To draw a pair of tangents to a circle which are
5 + 7 = 12
inclined to each other at an angle of 55c, it is required
to draw tangents at the end points of these two radii
of the circle, what is the angle between two radii?
According to the question we can draw the following

diagram.

Chap 11 Constructions Page 329
7. To divide a line segment AB in the ratio 2: 5, a ray is the nature of given triangle ?
AX is drawn such that +BAX is acute. Then points Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
are marked at equal intervals on AX . What is the
minimum number of these points ? Triangle is bigger than to original T.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] 14. In figure, TADE is constructed similar to TABC ,
write down the scale factor.
Minimum number of points marked on AX
are 2 + 5 = 7 .
8. To divide the line segment AB in the ratio

2 | 3 , a ray AX is drawn such that +BAX is acute,
AX is then marked at equal intervals. Find minimum
number of these marks.
Minimum number of points marked on AX

are 2 + 3 = 5 .
9. To find a point P on the line segment AB = 6 cm,
such that APAB = 5 , in which ratio the line segment AB
2
Scale factor is 3 .
4
is divided.
15. Triangle PQR is constructed similar to triangle ABC
with scale factor 23 . Find triangle PQR .
The line segment AB is divided in the ratio Ans : [Board Term-2 2011]
AP | PB = 2 | ^5 - 2h = 2 | 3
Triangle PQR is smaller to triangle ABC .
Reduced scale factor figures are smaller in
10. A line Segment AB is divided at point P such that
size.
AB = 7 , then find the ratio AP | PB .
PB 3
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2013] 16. Give three sides such that construction of a triangle
is possible.
Here, AB = 7, PB = 3
Thus AP = AB - PB = 7 - 3 = 4
To construct a triangle sum of two sides of
AP | PB = 4 | 3 a triangle must be greater than largest side.
Let the sides are 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.
11. What is the ratio of division of the line segment AB
by the point P from A ?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
The ratio of division of the line segment AB
by the point P from A is AP | AB = 3 | 5 . 17. Draw a line segment of length 7 cm. Find a point P
on it which divides it in the ratio 3 | 5 .
12. In drawing a triangle, if AB = 3 cm, BC = 2 cm and Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015]
AC = 6 cm. What is the possibility that a triangle Steps of Construction :
cannot be drawn. 1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] 2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle with
AB .
When AB + BC 1 AC triangle cannot be
3. Mark eight point A1, A2, A3, ...., A8 on AX such
drawn.
that AA1 = A1 A2 = A2 A3 = ...., A7 A8 .
Here 3 cm + 2 cm 1 6 cm . Hence TABC can 4. Join BA8 .
not be drawn. 5. At point A3, draw a line PA3 parallel to BA8 .
Hence AP | PB = 3 | 5
13. When construction of a triangle similar to a
given triangle in the scale factor 53 , then what
18. Draw a line segment of length 5 cm and divide it in

the ratio 3 | 7 .
20. Construct a pair tangents PQ and PR to a circle of
radius 4 cm from a point P outside the circle 8 cm
Step of Construction : away from the centre. Measure PQ and PR .
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 5 cm. Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
2. Draw any ray AX making on acute angle with
AB . Steps of Construction :
3. Mark ten points A1, A2, A3, ...A10 on AX such that 1. Draw a line segment OP of length 8 cm.
AA1 = A1 A2 = ... = A9 A10 . 2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.
4. Join BA10 . 3. Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
5. At point A3 draw a line PA3 parallel to BA10 . intersects the first circle at Q and R .
Hence AP | PB = 3 | 7 4. Join P to Q and P to R . On measuring, we get
PQ = PR = 5 cm

21. Construct a tangent to a circle of radius 4 cm from a
19. Draw a circle of radius 3.5 cm. From a point P , 6 cm point on the concentric circle of radius 6 cm.
from its centre, draw two tangents to the circle. Ans : [Board Term-2, 2013]
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Steps of Construction :
Step of construction : 1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.
1. Draw a line segment OP of length 6 cm. 2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius
2. From the point O , draw a circle of radius = 3.5 6 cm.
cm. 3. Take a point P on outer circle and join OP .
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP . Let M be 4. Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which inter-
the mid point of OP . sect OP at M .
4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a 5. Draw a circle with centre M which intersects in-
circle. ner circle at points A and B .
5. This circle intersects the given circle at Q and R . 6. Join AP and BP . Thus AP and BP are required
6. Join PQ and PR , which are tangents to the cir- tangents.
cles.

4. Draw another circle taking AB as diameter circle,

which intersects first two circles at P and Q , R
and S .
5. Join B to P , B to Q A to R and A to S .
Hence, BP , BQ , AR and AS are the required
tangents.
22. Draw a circle of radius 5 cm. Marks a point A which

is 8 cm away from its centre O , construct the tangents
AB and AC . Measure the lengths of AB and AC .
Ans :
Steps of Construction :
1. Draw a line segment OA of length 8 cm.
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm. 24. Draw a circle of radius 2 cm with centre O and take
3. Taking OA as diameter draw another circle which a point P outside the circle such that OP = 6.5 cm .
intersects the given circle at B and C . From P , draw two tangents to the circle.
4. Join A to B and A to C . Thus AB and AC are
required tangents.
5. AB = AC = 6.2 cm. 1. Draw a line segment OP of length 6.5 cm.
2. Draw a circle taking O as centre and radius 2 cm.
3. Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
intersects the first circle at Q and R .
4. Join P to Q and P to R . Hence PQ and PR are
two tangents.
AB and AC are required tangents.

AB = AC = 6.2 cm.
25. Draw two tangents to a circle of radius 4 cm, which
are inclined to each other at an angle of 60c.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Step of construction :
23. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm. Taking A as 1. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with O as centre.
centre, draw a circle of radius 3 cm and taking B as 2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each other
centre, draw another circle of radius 2 cm. Construct at an angle of 120c.
tangents to each circle from the centre of the other 3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B . which
circle. meet at P .
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to
each other an angle of 60c.
Steps of construction :
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7 cm.
2. Draw a circle with A as centre and radius 3 cm.
3. Draw another circle with B as centre and radius
2 cm.
26. Draw two concentric circles of radii 2 cm and 5 cm. 28. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. From a point P , 7 cm
Take a point P on the outer circle and construct a away from centre draw two tangents to the circle.
pair of tangents PA and PB to the smaller circle. Measure the length of each tangent.
Measure PA. Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 2 cm. 1. Draw a line segment PO of length 7 cm.
2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius 2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.
5 cm. 3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of PO . Let M be
3. Take a point P on outer circle and join OP . the mid-point of PO .
4. Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which inter- 4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a
sect OP at M . circle. Let this circle intersects the given circle at
5. Draw a circle with centre M which intersects in- the point Q and R .
ner circle at points A and B . 5. Join PQ and PR . On measuring we get
6. Join AP and BP . Thus AP and BP are required
tangents. PQ = PR = 6.3 cm.
29. Draw two concentric circle of radii 3 cm and 5 cm.

Taking a point on the outer circle, construct the pair
of tangents to the inner circle.
PA = 52 - 22
= 21 = 4.6 cm 1. Draw a circle with radius 3 cm and centre O .
2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius
27. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Draw two tangents to 5 cm.
the circle inclined at an angle of 60c to each other. 3. Take a point P on the circumference of outer cir-
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015, OD 2016] cle and join O to P .
Steps of Construction : intersect the smallest circle at A and B .
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. 5. Join A to P and B to P . AP and BP are the
2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each oth- required tangents.
er at an angle of 120c.
3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B ,
which meet at P .
4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to

with intersects the two circles at point P , Q, R

and S .
5. Join BP, BQ, AS and AR . BP, BQ and AR, AS
are the required tangents.
30. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. Taking A as

centre, draw a circle of radius 4 cm, and taking B as
centre draw another circle of radius 3 cm. Construct
tangents to each circle of radius centre of the other
circle. 32. Construct a triangle whose perimeter is 13.5 cm and
the ratio of the three sides is 2: 3: 4.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2011, 2012]
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. Steps of Construction :
2. Draw a circle with centre A and radius 4 cm. 1. Draw a line segment PR of length 13.5 cm.
3. Draw another circle with centre B and radius 2. At the point P draw a ray PQ making an acute
3 cm. angle RPQ with PR.
4. Taking AB as diameter draw another circle, 3. On PQ mark ^2 + 3 + 4h a points P1, P2, P3, P4, P5,
which intersects first two circles at P and Q , and P6, P7, P8, P9 such that PP1 = P1 P2 = P2 P3 = P3 P4
R and S . = P4 P5 = P5 P6 = P6 P7 = P7 P8 = P8 P9 .
5. Join B to P , B to Q, A to R and A to S . Thus 4. Join P9 R
BP, BQ, AR and AS are the required tangents. 5. Through P2 and P5 draw lines P2 A and P5 B re-
spectively parallel to P9 R intersecting PR at A
and B respectively.
6. With A as centre and radius AP draw and arc.
ABC is the required triangle.
7. With B as centre and radius BR draw another
arc to intersect first arc.
8. Join A to C and B to C .

centre, draw a circle of radius 3 cm and taking B as
center, draw another circle of radius 2 cm. Construct
tangents to each circle from the centre of the other
circle. 33. Draw a circle of radius of 3 cm. Take two points P
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] and Q one of its diameter extended on both sides,
each at a distance of 7 cm on opposite sides of its
Steps of Construction : centre. Draw tangents to the circle from these two
1. Draw a line segment AB of 7 cm. points.
2. Taking A and B as centre draw two circle of 3 cm Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
and 2 cm radius respectively.
3. Bisect the line AB . Let mid-point of AB be C . Steps of Construction :
4. Taking C as centre draw a circle of radius AC 1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm.
2. Draw its diameterMON and extend it to both the

sides to P and Q. Such that OP = OQ = 7 cm.
3. Taking diameters as OP and OQ draw two cir-
cles each of which intersects the first circle at the
points A, B and C, D respectively.
4. Join PA, PB, QC and QO to get the required tan-
gents
36. Draw two concentric circle of radii 3 cm and 5 cm.

Taking a point on the outer circle, construct the pair
of tangents to the inner circle.
1. Draw a circle with radius 3 cm and centre O .
2. Draw another circle with centre O and radius
5 cm.
3. Take a point P on the circumference of outer cir-
34. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Draw two tangents to
cle and join O to P .
the circle inclined at an angle of 60c to each other.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015, OD 2016] intersect the smallest circle at A and B .
Steps of Construction : 5. Join A to P and B to P . AP and BP are the
1. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. required tangents.
2. Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each oth-
er at an angle of 120c.
3. Draw AP = OA at A and BP = OB at B ,
which meet at P .
4. PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to

centre, draw a circle of radius 4 cm, and taking B as
centre draw another circle of radius 3 cm. Construct
35. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. From a point P , 7 cm tangents to each circle of radius centre of the other
away from centre draw two tangents to the circle. circle.
Measure the length of each tangent. Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017, OD 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] Steps of Construction :

Steps of Construction : 1. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm.
1. Draw a line segment PO of length 7 cm. 2. Draw a circle with centre A and radius 4 cm.
2. Draw a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm. 3. Draw another circle with centre B and radius
3. Draw a perpendicular bisector of PO . Let M be 3 cm.
the mid-point of PO . 4. Taking AB as diameter draw another circle,
4. Taking M as centre and OM as radius draw a which intersects first two circles at P and Q , and
circle. Let this circle intersects the given circle at R and S .
the point Q and R . 5. Join B to P , B to Q, A to R and A to S . Thus
5. Join PQ and PR . On measuring we get BP, BQ, AR and AS are the required tangents.
PQ = PR = 6.3 cm.

***********
or Scan Code
Page 336 Areas Related to Circles Chap 12
CHAPTER 12
AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
ONE MARK QUESTIONS So, area of sector =

arc length
# pr
2
2pr
arc length # r
1. The radii of two circles are 19 cm and 9 cm respectively. = = 44 # 17.5
2 2
Find the radius of a circle of a circle which has
circumference equal to sum of their circumferences. = 22 # 17.5 = 385 sq. cm.
4. Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius 6 cm
Radius of 1st circle r1 = 9 cm whose central angle is 30c. (Take p = 3.14 )
Radius of 2 nd circle r2 = 19 cm Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Let r the radius of required circle. According to Radius, r = 6 cm

question, circumference of required circle is sum of
circumference of two circles. Central angle, q = 30c
2pr = 2pr1 + 2pr2 Area of the sector,
2pr = 2p (r1 + r2) pr2 q = 3.14 # 6 # 6 # 30c

360c 360c
r = r1 + r2 = 9 + 19 = 28 cm.
Hence, radius of required circle is 28 cm = 9.42 cm2
2. The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long. Find the 5. What is the perimeter of the sector with radius 10.5
area of the face of the clock described by the minute cm and sector angle 60º.
hand in 35 minutes. Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] As per question the digram is shown below.
Angle subtended in 1 minutes = 6c
Angle subtended in 35 minutes = 6c # 35 = 210c
Area of the face of the clock by the minute hand, i.e.
area of sector,
pr2 q = 22 12 # 12 # 210c
360c 7 # 360c
= 22 # 12 # 12 # 7 # 30c Perimeter of the sector,

7 12 # 30c
= 22 # 12 = 264 cm2 p = 2r + 2prq

360º
3. The radius of a circle is 17.5 cm. find the area of the
= 10.5 # 2 + 2 # 22 # 10.5 # 60
sector of the circle enclosed by two radii and an arc 7 360
44 cm in length.
= 21 + 11 = 32 cm
6. If the circumferences of two concentric circles forming

Given, arc length = 44 cm
a ring are 88 cm and 66 cm respectively. Find the
Radius of circle, r = 17.5 cm width of the ring.

Chap 12 Areas Related to Circles Page 337
As per question statement figure is shown below. r2 = 289 or r = 17 cm

Circumference of circle
2pr = 2p # 17
= 34p cm
9. The diameter of a wheel is 1.26 m. What the distance

covered in 500 revolutions.
Circumference of the outer circle, 2pr1 = 88 cm
Distance covered in 1 revolution is equal to
r1 = 88 # 7 = 14 cm circumference of wheel and that is pd .
2 # 22
Circumference of the outer circle, 2pr2 = 66 cm Distance covered in 500 revolutions
r2 = 66 # 7 = 21 cm = 10.5 cm = 500 # p # 1.26

2 # 22 2
Width of the ring, = 500 # 22 # 1.26
7
r1 - r2 = 14 - 10.5 cm = 3.5 cm = 1980 m. = 1.98 km
7. Two coins of diameter 2 cm and 4 cm respectively are 10. A thin wire is in the shape of a circle of radius 77 cm.
kept one over the other as shown in the figure, find It is bent into a square. Find the side of the square
the area of the shaded ring shaped region in square (Taking, p = 227 ).
cm.
Let side of square be x .

Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of square
2pr = 4x
2 # 22 # 77 = 4x
7
x = 2 # 22 # 11 = 121
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] 4
Area of circle = pr2 Thus side of the square is 121 cm.
Area of the shaded region = p (2) 2 - p (1) 2 11. What is the area of the largest square that can be
inscribed in a circle of radius 12 cm.?
= 4p - p = 3p sq cm
8. The diameter of two circle with centre A and B are As per question the digram is shown below.
16 cm and 30 cm respectively. If area of another circle
with centre C is equal to the sum of areas of these
two circles, then find the circumference of the circle
with centre C.
Let the radius of circle with centre C be r .

According to question we have,
p (8) 2 + p (15) 2 = pr2
64p + 225p = pr2
289p = pr2
Radius of the circle =12 cm
Diameter of circle = 24 cm Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Diagonal of square = 24 cm From Pythagoras theorem we have

Let the side of square be x . AB = (16) 2 + (12) 2
From Pythagoras theorem we have
= 256 + 144
x2 + x2 = (24) 2
= 400 = 20 cm
2x2 = 24 # 24
Radius of circle = 10 cm.
x2 = 24 # 24 = 288
2 Perimeter of shaded region
Thus area of square,
pr + AP + PB = 3 # 10 + 12 + 16
x2 = 288 cm2
= 30 + 12 + 16 = 58 cm
12. What is the name of a line which intersects a circle at
two distinct points? 15. Find the area of circle that can be inscribed in a
square of side 10 cm.
A line intersecting the circle at two distinct
points is called a secant. Radius of the circle = 10 = 5 cm
2
13. What is the perimeter of a sector of a circle whose Area of the circle,
central angle is 90º and radius is 7 cm?
pr2 = p # (5) 2 = 25p cm2
As per question the digram is shown below. 16. What is the diameter of a circle whose area is equal
to the sum of the areas of two circles of radii 40 cm
and 9 cm?
Area of the circle = sum of areas of two circles

pR2 = p # (40) 2 + p (9) 2
R2 = 1600 + 81
Perimeter of the sector, R = 1681 = 41 cm
p = 2r + 2prq Thus diameter of given circle = 41 # 2 = 82 cm
360º
= 2 # 7 + 2 # 22 # 7 # 90 17. Find the area (in cm2 ) of the circle that can be
7 360 inscribed in a square of side 8 cm.
14 + 11 = 25 cm
14. In the given figure, AB is the diameter where AP = 12

cm and PB = 16 cm. Taking the value of p as 3, find
the perimeter of the shaded region.
Side of square = diameter of circle = 8 cm
Radius of circle, r = 8 = 4 cm
2

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Area of circle, pr2 = p # 4 # 4 = 16p cm2 Circumference of a circle = 44 cm
Radius of the circle = 22 = 7 cm

18. If the radius of a circle is doubled, what about its
2 # 227
area?
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Area of the circle = pr2 = 22 # 7 # 7 = 154 cm2
7
Let the radius of the circle be r , then area
22. A steel wire when bent in the form of a square encloses
will be pr2
an area or 121 cm2. If the same wire is bent in the form
Now if radius is doubled, of a circle, then find the circumference of the circle.
Area = p (2r) 2 = 4pr2 = 4 # pr2
The area will be 4 times the area of the first circle. Area of square = (side)2 = 121 cm2
Side of square = 121 = 11 cm

19. If the perimeter and the area of the circle are
numerically equal, then find the radius of the circle. Parameter of square = 4 # 11 = 44 cm
Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of the square
Perimeter of the circle = area of the circle.
= 44 cm
2pr = pr2
23. Find the radius of a circle whose circumference is
r = 2 units
equal to the sum of the circumference of two circles of
diameter 36 cm and 20 cm
20. In given fig., O is the centre of a circle. If the area of
the sector OAPB is 365 times the area of the circle, Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
then find the value of x. Circumference of the circle,
2pr = 2p # 18 + 2p # 10
r = 18 + 10 = 28 cm
Hence radius of given circle is 28 cm.
24. Find the diameter of a circle whose area is equal to

the sum of areas of two circles of diameter 16 cm and
12 cm.
Let r be the radius of the circle. Since area

Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] of the circle is equal to the sum of areas of
two circles,
Area of the sector,
2
pr2 = p # ^8h2 + p ^6 h2
A7 = pr q
360º pr2 = p ^64 + 36h
Area of sector OAPB is 5 times the area of circle. r2 = 100 or, r = 10 cm
36
Diameter of the circle = 2 # 10 = 20 cm.
Thus p r 2 # x = 5 pr 2
360 36
25. If the circumference of a circle increases from 4p to
x = 5 8p , then what about its area ?
360 36
x = 50º Circumference of the circle
21. If circumference of a circle is 44 cm, then what will be 2pr = 4p cm or r = 2 cm.
the area of the circle? Increased circumference,
2pR = 8p cm or R = 4 cm.
Area of the 1st circle i.e., pr 12 = 9

pr 22 4
pr2 = p # ^2 h2 = 4p cm
r 12 = 9
Area of the new circle r 22 4
pR2 = p ^4 h2 = 16p = 4 # 4p r1 = 3
r2 2
Area of the new circle = 4 times the area of first circle.
Ratio of their circumference
26. If the radius of the circle is 6 cm and the length of an 2pr1 = r1 = 3
arc 12 cm. Find the area of the sector. 2pr2 r2 2
Hence, the ratio of their circumference is 3 : 2.
Area of the sector = 1 #(length of the corresponding 30. The length of the minute hand of clock is 14 cm. Find
2
the area swept by the minute hand in 15 minutes.
arc)# radius
= 1 # l # r = 1 # 12 # 6 Minute hand completes full circle degree in 1 hour. So,
2 2
degree swept by minute hand in 1 hour (60 minutes)
= 36 cm2 is 360c.
Degree swept by minute hand in 1 minute is 360 60 = 6c
c
and degree swept by minute hand in 15 minutes,

27. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right
angle at the centre. Find area of minor segment. q = 6c # 15 = 90c
^p = 3.14h Hence, q = 90c
and r = 14 cm
Radius of circle r = 10 cm, central angle = 90c
Area of minor segment, Area swept by minute hand
q 90c 22
= 1 # 102 # : 3.14 # 90 - sin 90cD
2 2
# pr = # 7 # (14)
2 180 360c 360c
= 1 # 100 # 61.57 - 1@ = 28.5 cm2 = 1 # 22 # 14 # 14 = 154 cm2

2 4 7
28. If the perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 36 cm, 31. The perimeter of a sector of a circle with radius 6.5
find its diameter. Ûse p = 227 h . cm is 31 cm, then find the area of the sector.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
Perimeter pr + 2r = ^p + 2h r = 36 Given, Radius = 6.5 cm

Let O be the centre of a circle with radius 6.5 cm and
22
or, b 7 + 2 l r = 36 or, r = 7 OACBO be its sector with perimeter 31 cm.
Diameter = 14 cm.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
29. The areas of two circles are in the ratio 9 : 4, then

what is the ratio of their circumferences?
Given, Thus, we have

st
Area of 1 circle = 9 )
OA + OB + ACB = 31 cm
Area of 2 nd circle 4
)
6.5 + 6.5 + ACB = 31 cm

)
ACB = 18 cm 6 = 2p # 5.2 # q
360c
Now, area of sector OACBO
) 3 = q#p
= 1 # radius # ACB 5.2 360c
2
q q#p 2
# pr = b 360c l r
2
= 1 # 6.5 # 18 = 58.5 cm2 Now, area of sector =
360c
2
32. A piece of wire 22 cm long is bent into the form an = 3 # (5.2) 2 = 15.6 sq. units.
arc of a circle subtending an angle of 60c at its centre. 5.2
Find the radius of the circle. 6Use p = 227 @ 34. The area of a circular play ground is 22176 cm2 . Find
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] the cost of fencing this ground at the rate of 50 per
metre.
as below.
Area of a circular play ground,
A = 22176 cm2
i.e., pr2 = 22176 cm2
r2 = 22176 # 7
22
= 7056
Here AB is an arc of a circle of radius r .
r = 84 cm = 0.84 m
Length of arc = 2prq Perimeter of ground,
360c
p = 2pr
22 = 2 # 22 # r # 60c Cost of fencing this ground,
7 # 360c
=< 50 # 2pr
22 = 22 # r & r = 21
21
=< 50 # 2 # 22 # 0.84 =< 264
Hence, the radius of the circle is 21 cm. 7
35. The wheel of a motorcycle is of radius 35 cm. How
33. The perimeter of a sector of a circle of radius 5.2 cm
many revolutions are required to travel a distance of
is 16.4 cm. Find the area of the sector.
11 m?
as below. Given, radius of wheel, r = 35 cm
Circumference of the wheel,
2pr = 2 # 22 # 35 = 220 cm
7
Number of revolutions required to cover 11 m or
1100 cm,
= 1100 = 5 revolutions
220
Perimeter of the sector
p = 2r + 2prq 36. The length of the minute hand of a clock is

360c 14 cm. Find the area swept by the minute hand from
9 a.m. to 9.35 a.m.
16.4 = 2 # 5.2 + 2p # 5.2 # q Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
360c
Angle subtended by minute hand in 60 minute = 360 %
16.4 = 10.4 + 2p # 5.2 # q
360c Angle subtended in 1 minute = 360c = 6c
60
Angle subtended in 35 minutes, r b 22 + 14 l = 72 cm

7
q = 35 # 6c = 210c
36 r = 72 & r = 14 cm
Area swept by the minute hand 7
= Area of a sector Area of protractor,
= pr2 q = 22 # 14 # 14 # 210c 1 pr 2 = 1 22 14 14
360c 7 360c 2 2# 7 # #
= 1078 = 259.33 cm2 = 308 cm2

3
37. Find the area of the square that can be inscribed in a 39. A paper is in the form of a rectangle ABCD in which
circle of radius 8 cm. AB = 20 cm, BC = 14 cm. A semi-circular portion
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] with BC as diameter is cut off. Find the area of the
part. Use p = 227 .
As per question the digram is shown below. Ans : [Board Term-2 2012, Foreign 2014 ]
As per question the digram is shown below.
Let the side of square be x and radius of circle be r .

Radius of the circle, r = 8 cm
Diameter of circle, 2r = 16 cm Area of remaining part,
Diagonal of square 2r = 16 cm = Area of rectangle - Area of semi-circle
From Pythagoras theorem we have = 20 # 14 - 1 p72

2
x2 + x2 = (2r) 2
= 280 - 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2 2
x + x = (16) 2 2 7
2x2 = 16 # 16 = 280 - 77 = 203 cm
x2 = 16 # 16 = 128 Hence, area of remaining part is 203 cm.

2
40. Two circular pieces of equal radii and maximum areas,
Thus area of square, touching each other are cut out from a rectangular
x2 = 128 cm2 cardboard of dimensions 14 cm # 7 cm. find the area
of the remaining cardboard. Ûse p = 227 h
38. If the perimeter of a protractor is 72 cm, calculate its Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
area. Use p = 227 .
As per question the digram is shown below.
Perimeter of semi-circle
pr + 2r = 72 cm
^p + 2h r = 72 cm
22
b 7 + 2 l r = 72 cm

Area of the remaining cardboard Ans : [Board Term-2 2011]
= Area of rectangular cardboard - 2 # Area of circle Figure given below shows the single sector.
= 14 # 7 - 2p b 7 l
2
= 14 # 7 - 2 # 22 # b 7 l
2
7 2
= 98 - 44 # 49 = 98 - 77 = 21
7 4
Hence, area of remaining card board is 21 cm2
41. If the difference between the circumference and the

radius of a circle is 37 cm, then using p = 227 , find the
circumference (in cm) of the circle.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] Since DABC is an equilateral triangle
Let r be the radius of the circle. +A = +B = +C = 60c
Now, circumference - radius = 37 Here we have 3 sector and area of all three sector is
equal.
2pr - r = 37
Area of sector AFEA,
2 # 22 r - r = 37
7 q 2
Area AFEA = # pr
360c
r b 22 - 7 l = 37
7
= 60c # p (5) 2 = 25 p cm2
360c 6
r # 37 = 37 Thus total area of shaded region
7
Area = 3 b 25 p l = 25 # 3.14
r = 37 # 7 = 7 cm 6 2
37
= 39.25 cm2
Circumference of the circle,
43. Find the perimeter of the shaded region if ABCD
2pr = 2 # 22 # 7
7 is a square of side 21 cm and APB and CPD are
semicircle. Use p = 227 .
= 44 cm.
42. In fig. arcs are drawn by taking vertices A, B and C of

an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm, to intersect the
side BC , CA and AB at their respective mid-points
D, E and F . Find the area of the shaded region. (Use
p = 3.14 ).
It may be seen easily that perimeter of the

shaded region include AD , BC and two semi
circle arc.
Thus perimeter of the shaded region, = AD + BC +
+ lengths of the arcs of semi circles APB and CPD
= 21 + 21 + 2 b 22 # 21 l = 42 + 66 = 108 cm. THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

7 2
44. Find the area of the corresponding major sector of a 46. A road which is 7 m wide surrounds a circular park
circle of radius 28 cm and the central angle 45c. whose circumference is 88 m. Find the area of the
Ans : [Board Term-2 2015] road.
As per question statement figure is shown below;
Let w = 7 m be the width of road.
Circumference of a circular park,
2pr = 88 m
Inner radius of park,
r = 88 = 88 # 7
2p 2 # 22
= 2 # 7 = 14 m
Outer radius of park including road width,
Area of major sector,
R = r+w
= area of circle - area of minor sector
= 14 + 7 = 21 m
= pr b1 - q l
2
360c Area of the road,
= 22 # 28 # 28 b1 - 45c l p (R2 - r2) = p (R + r) (R - r)

7 360c
= 22 (21 + 14) (21 - 14)
7
= 22 # 28 # 28 # 7
7 8
= 22 # 35 # 7 = 770 m2
= 2156 cm2 7
Hence, the area of the road is 770 m2 .
45. The diameters of the front and rear wheels of a tractor
are 80 cm and 200 cm respectively. Find the number of 47. Three horses are tied each with 7 m long rope at three
revolutions of rear wheel to cover the distance which corners of a triangular field having sides 20 m, 34 m
the front wheel covers in 800 revolutions. and 42 m. Find the area of the plot which can be
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013] grazed by the horses.
Circumference of front wheel
pd = 22 # 80 = 1760 cm the figure below.
7 7
Distance covered by front wheel in 800 revolutions
= 1760 # 800
7
Circumference of rear wheel
= 22 # 200 = 4400 cm
7 7
Revolutions made by rear wheel
1760 Let +A = q 1 , +B = q 2 and +C = q 3 .
# 800
= 7
4400 Now, area which can be grazed by the horses is the
7
sum of the areas of three sectors with central angles
= 1760 # 800 = 320 revolutions q 1 , q 2 and q 3 each with radius r = 7 m.
4400
pr2 q 1 + pr2 q 2 + pr2 q 3 = pr2 (q + q + q ) ...(1)
360c 360c 360c 360c 1 2 3

From angle sum property of a triangle we have As per information given in question we have drawn
the figure below.
q 1 + q 2 + q 3 = 180c
pr 2 q 1 + pr 2 q 2 + pr 2 q 3 = pr 2 pr 2
# 180c = 2
360c 360c 360c 360c
= 22 # 1 # (7) 2
7 2
= 22 # 1 # 7 # 7
7 2
Length of the rope is 21 cm.
= 77 m2 Shaded portion AEFA indicates the area in which the
Hence, the area grazed by the horses is 77 m2 horse can graze. Clearly it is the area of a quadrant of
a circle of radius, r = 21 m.
48. In Figure, PQ and AB are two arcs of concentric Area of quadrant,
circles of radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm respectively, with
centre O . If +POQ = 30c, then find the area of 1 pr 2 = 1 22 (21) 2
4 4# 7 #
shaded region.
= 1 # 22 # 21 # 21
4 7
= 346.5 m2
Hence, the graze area is 346.5 m2
50. Sides of a right triangular field are 25 m, 24 m and

7 m. At the three corners of the field, a cow, a buffalo
and a horse are tied separately with ropes of 3.5 m
each to graze in the field. Find the area of the field
that cannot be grazed by these animals.
We redraw the given figure as below. Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]

the figure below.
Area of shaded region
p [R2 - r2] q = 22 [72 - (3.5) 2] 30c

360c 7 360c
= 22 (7 + 3.5) (7 - 3.5) # 1
7 12
= 22 # 10.5 # 3.5 # 1
7 12
Let +A = q 1 , +B = q 2 and +C = q 3 .
2
= 9.625 cm Now, area which can be grazed by the animals is the
sum of the areas of three sectors with central angles
49. A horse is tethered to one corner of a rectangular field q 1 , q 2 and q 3 each with radius r = 3.5 m.
of dimensions 70 m # 52 m , by a rope of length 21 m.
pr2 q 1 + pr2 q 2 + pr2 q 3 = pr2 (q + q + q ) ...(1)
How much area of the field can it graze?
360c 360c 360c 360c 1 2 3
From angle sum property of a triangle we have = 3.14 # 100 = 314 cm2
q 1 + q 2 + q 3 = 180c Area of major segment ALBQA = 314 - 28.5
= 285.5 cm2
2 2 2
pr q 1 + pr q 2 + pr q 3 = pr 2
pr 2
# 180c = 2
360c 360c 360c 360c 52. In the given figure, AOB is a sector of angle 60c of a
circle with centre O and radius 17 cm. If AP = OB
= 22 # 1 # (3.5) 2 and AP = 15 cm, find the area of the shaded region.
7 2
= 19.25
Hence, the area grazed by the horses is 19.25 m2 .
Area of TABC = 1 # AB # BC
2
= 1 # 24 # 7 = 84 m2
2
Area of the field that cannot be grazed by these
animals = Area of triangle - Area of three sectors
= 84 - 1925 = 64.75 m2
51. In the given figure, a chord AB of the circle with Here OA = 17 cm AP = 15 cm and DOPA is right
centre O and radius 10 cm, that subtends a right triangle
angle at the centre of the circle. Find the area of the Using Pythagoras theorem, we have
minor segment AQBP . Hence find the area of major
segment ALBQA. (Use p = 3.14 ) OP = 172 - 152 = 8 cm
Area of the shaded region
= Area of the sector TOAB – Area of DOPA
= 60 # pr2 - 1 # b # h
360 2
= 60c # 22 # 17 # 17 - 1 # 8 # 15
360c 7 2
= 151.38 - 60 = 91.38 cm2
53. Find the area of shaded region shown in the given

figure where a circular arc of radius 6 cm has been
drawn with vertex O of an equilateral triangle OAB
of side 12 cm as centre.
Area of sector OAPB ,
= 90 p ^10h2 = 25p cm2

360
Area of DAOB , = 1 # 10 # 10 = 50 cm2

2
Area of minor segment AQBP ,

= ^25p - 50h cm2
= 25 # 3.14 - 50
= 78.5 - 50 = 28.5 cm2
Also area of circle = p ^10h2 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign SQP 2016]

Since OAB is an an equilateral triangle,we have Area of minor segment,

+AOB = 60c pr2 q - 1 r2 sin q = p ^14h2 60c - 1 # ^14h2 # 3
360c 2 360c 2 2
Area of shaded region = Area of major sector + (Area
of DAOB - Area of minor sector) = 22 # 14 # 14 # 60c - 1 # 14 # 14 # 3
7 360c 2 2
= 300c # 22 # ^6 h2 + c 3 ^12h2 - 60 # 22 # 62 m = b 308 - 49 3 l = 17.9 cm2 approx.
360c 7 4 360 7 3
= 660 + 36 3 - 132 = 36 3 + 528 cm2 Area of major segment = pr2 - b 308 - 49 3 l
7 7 7 3
54. In the given figure, find the area of the shaded region,
= 22 # 14 # 14 - 308 + 49 3
enclosed between two concentric circles of radii 7 cm 7 3
and 14 cm where +AOC = 40c. Use p = 227 .
= 1540 + 49 3 = 598.10
3
= 598 cm2 approx.
56. A momento is made as shown in the figure. Its base

PBCR is silver plate from the front side. Find the
area which is silver plated. Use p = 227 .
Radii of two concentric circle is 7 cm and 14 cm.

Angle +AOC = 40c,
Angle +AOC = 360c - 40c = 320c
Area of shaded region,
q p R2 - r2 = 320c 22 142 - 72
360c 6 @ 360c # 7 6 @ Ans : [Board Term-2 2015]
From the given figure area of right-angled DABC ,

= 8 # 22 # (14 # 2 - 7) 1 AC AB = 1 10 10 = 50
9 #
2 2# #
= 8 # 22 # 21 = 8 # 22 # 7
1
Area of quadrant APR is the 4 of the circle of radii
9 3
7 cm.
= 8 # 154 cm2 Thus area of quadrant APR of the circle of radii 7 cm
3
1p 7 2 = 1 22 49 = 38.5 cm2
Required area = 1232 cm2 4 ^ h 4# 7 #
3
Area of base PBCR
= 410.67 cm2
= Area of DABC - Area of quadrant APR
55. Find the area of minor segment of a circle of radius 14
cm, when its centre angle is 60c. Also find the area of = 50 - 38.5 = 11.5 cm2
corresponding major segment. Use p = 227 .
57. The circumference of a circle exceeds the diameter by
16.8 cm. Find the radius of the circle. Use p = 227 .
Here, r = 14 cm, q = 60c Ans : [Board Term-2 2015]
Let radius of the circle be r . Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
Now as per question statement we have We have redrawn the given figure as shown below;
Circumference = Diameter+16.8 cm
2pr = 2r + 16.8 cm
2 b 22 l r = 2r + 16.8
7
44 r = 2r + 16.8
7
44r = 14r + 16.8 # 7

30r = 177.6
Let r be the radius of given circle. It is given that
r = 117.6 = 3.92 perimeter of given figure is 47 cm.
30
2pr - 1 ^2pr h + 2r = 47
Thus r = 3.92 cm 4
3pr + 2r = 47
58. In the fig., PSR, RTQ and PAQ are three semi-circles 2
of diameters 10 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm region respectively.
Find the perimeter of shaded region. Use p = 227 . r b 3 # 22 + 2 l = 47
2 7
r b 33 + 2 l = 47
7
r = 47 # 7 = 7 cm
47
Now, area of shaded region
A = area of circle - 1 area of circle

4
3
= area of circle
4
= 3 pr2 = 3 # 22 # 7 # 7
Perimeter of shaded region 4 4 7
= Perimeter of semi-circles PSR + RTQ + PAQ
= 3 # 77 = 115.5 cm2
= p ^5 h + p ^1.5h + p ^3.5h 2
= p ^10h 60. Find the area of the adjoining diagram.
= 22 # 10 = 220 = 31.4 cm
7 7
59. In fig. APB and AQP are semi-circle, and AO = OB
. If the perimeter of the figure is 47 cm, find the area
of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
The given figure is combination of one rectangle and

two semicircle of same radii .
Required area,
= area of two semi-circles + area of rectangle

= area of one circle + area of rectangle = 60c # 22 # 21 # 21

360c 7
= pr2 + ^l # b h
(where r is radius of circle and l and b are length and = 1 # 22 # 3 # 21
6
breadth of rectangle)
= 11 # 21 = 231 cm2
= 22 # 72 + ^16 # 14h
7 63. In fig., find the area of the shaded region ( p = 3.14 )
= 22 # 7 # 7 + ^16 # 14h
7
= 154 + 224 = 378 m2
Perimeter of shaded region is 31.4 cm approx.
61. In the figure, TABC is in the semi-circle, find the

area of the shaded region given that AB = BC = 4
cm.(Use p = 3.14 )
Ans : [Board Term-2 2011, Delhi 2015]
As TABC is a triangle in semi-circle, +B is right

angle,
AC = 42 + 42 = 4 2 cm
Radius of circle 4 2 = 2 2 cm
.
2
Area of shaded portion,
= Area of the semi-circle-(Area of TABC )
= & 1 p # ^2 2 h 0 - & 1 # 4 # 40
2
3 + r + 2r + r + 3 = 14
2 2
4r + 6 = 14 & r = 2
= & 1 # 3.14 # 80 - 8 Thus radius of the semi-circle formed inside is 2 cm
2
and length of the side of square formed inside the
= 12.56 - 8 = 4.56 cm2 semi-circle is 4 cm.
62. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle Area of square ABCD
of 60c at the centre. Find the area of sector formed = 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
by the arc.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] Thus area of 4 semi circle = 4 # 1 pr2
2
We have r = 21 cm and q = 60c
= 2 # 3.14 # 2 # 2 = 25.12 cm2
Area formed the sector = q # pr2
360 Area of the square formed inside the semi-circle
(2r) 2 = 4 # 4 = 16 cm2
Area of the shaded region,
= area of square ABCD
- (Area of 4 semi-circle +Area of square)
= 196 - ^25.12 + 16h
= 196 - 41.12 = 154.88 cm2
64. In the figure, TACB is in the semi-circle. Find the

area of shaded region given that AB = 42 cm.
Area of a circle with DO as diameter
pr2 = p b 7 l = 22 # 7 # 7 = 77 sq.cm
2
2 7 2 2 2
Area of semi-circle with AB as diameter

pr 12 = 1 p 7 2 = 1 22 7 7 = 77 sq.cm
2 2 ^ h 2# 7 # #
Area of TABC = 1 # 14 # 7 = 49 sq.cm
2
Here base of triangle is equal to the diameter of
semicircle which is 42 cm. Area of shaded region
Base of triangle = diameter of semicircle = Area of circle +Area of semi-circle -Area of TABC
= 42 cm
= 77 + 77 - 49 = 66.5 cm2
2
and its heigh = radius of semicircle
66. Find the area of the shaded region in figure, if
= 42 = 21 cm BC = BD = 8 cm, AC = AD = 15 cm and O is the
2
centre of the circle. (Take p = 3.14 )
= Area of semicircle-area of TABC
= 1 pr2 - 1 #base#height
2 2
= 1 # 22 # (21) 2 - 1 # 42 # 21
2 7 2
= 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 - 1 # 42 # 21
2 7 2
= 11 # 3 # 21 - 21 # 21
= 693 - 441 = 252
Hence, the area of shaded portion = 252 cm2
Since +ADB and +ACB are angle in a semicircle,
65. AB and CD are two diameters of a circle +ADB = +ACB = 90c
perpendicular to each other and OD is the
diameter of the smaller circle. If OA = 7 cm, Since TADB , TACB
find the area of the shaded region. Thus arTADB = arTACB

= 1 # 15 # 8 = 60 cm2 1 pr 2 = 1 22 7 7 = 77 cm2
2 2 2# 7 #2#2 4
and arTADB + arTACB = 2 # 60 = 120 cm2 Area of shaded region

= Area largest semicircle + smallest semicircle
Now in TABC , we have
AB = AC2 + BC2 = 693 + 77 = 770 = 192.5 cm2

4 4 4
= 152 + 82 = 225 + 64 68. In the given figure, TPQR is an equilateral triangle of
side 8 cm and D, E, F are centres of circular arcs, each
= 17 cm of radius 4 cm. Find the area of shaded region. (Use
p = 3.14 ) and 3 = 1.732
Area of circle pr2 = 22 # 17 # 17
7 2 2
= 226.87 cm2
= area of circle-area of sum of TACB and TADB .
= 226.87 - 120 = 106.87 cm2
Hence, area of shaded region
= 106.87 cm2
67. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the largest
semi-circle. AB = 21 cm, AM = MN = NB . Semi- Here angle +P = +Q = +R = 60c because triangle
circle are drawn with AM, MN and NB as shown. is equilateral. side of triangle is 8 cm.
Using p = 227 , calculate the area of the shaded region. Consider circular section PDE . Radius of circular arc
is 4 cm.
We have AB = 21 cm Area of sector PDF ,

q 2 60c
Radius of semi-circle with diameter AB , # pr = # 3.14 # 4 # 4
360c 360c
R = 21
2 = 1 # 3.14 # 16 = 8.373
6
Here AM = MN = NB = 21 = 7 cm Area of shaded region
3
= Area of TPQR - 3 (area of sector)
Thus radii of smaller semi circle r = 7 cm
2
3 8 2 - 3 8.373
4 ^ h
Area of semi-circle with radius R = #
1 pR 2 = 1 22 21 21 = 693 cm2
2 2# 7 # 2 # 2 4 = 16 3 - 3 # 8.373
Area of semi-circle with diameter AM , MN and NB = 16 # 1.732 - 25.12

are equal
= 27.712 - 25.12 = 2.59 cm2
69. In fig., sectors of two concentric circles of radii 7 cm 71. Adjoining fig, ABCD is a trapezium with AB | | DC
and 3.5 cm are given. Find the area of shaded region. and +BCD = 30c. Fig. BGEC is a sector of a circle
Use p = 227 . with centre C and AB = BC = 7 cm, DE = 4 cm and
BF = 3.5 cm, then find the area of the shaded region.
Use p = 227 .

q p (R2 - r2) = 30c 22
# 7 # ^7 - 3.5 h
2 2
360c 360c We have AB = 7 cm
= 1 # 22 # ^7 + 3.5h^7 - 3.5h DE = 4 cm, and

12 7
BF = 3.5 cm
= 1 # 22 # 10.5 # 3.5
12 7 Now DC = DE + EC = 4 + 7 = 11 cm
= 1 # 22 # 21 # 7 = 77 = 9.62 cm2 Area of Trapezium ABCD

12 7 2 2 8
70. A wire when bent in the form of an equilateral triangle Area j = 1 (DC + AB) (BF)
2
encloses an area of 121 3 cm2. If the wire is bent in
the form of a circle, find the area enclosed by the = 1 ^11 + 7h # 3.5 = 1 # 18 # 3.5
2 2
circle. Use p = 227 .
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] = 31.5 cm2
Let l be length of wire. If it is bent in the form of an Area of circular sector,
equilateral triangle, side of triangle will be 3l .
Area enclosed by the triangle, Area7 = 30º # 22 # 7 # 7
360º 7
3 l 2 = 121 3
4 #b3l = 1 # 22 # 7
12
1 l 2 = 121
4 # b 3l = 12.83 cm2
1 l = 11
2#3 = Area j - Area7
l = 66 cm = 31.5 - 12.83 = 18.67 cm2
Same wire is bent in the form of circle. Thus
circumference of circle will be 66.
2pr = 66 FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
r = 66 = 66 22 = 21
2p 2 # 7 2
72. In the given figure ABCD is a trapezium with
Area enclosed by the circle AB | | DC, AB = 18 cm and DC = 32 cm and the
distance between AB and AC is 14 cm. If arcs of
pr2 = 22 # 21 # 21 = 693 = 346.5 cm2 equal radii 7 cm taking A, B, C and D have been
7 2 2 2
drawn, then find the area of the shaded region.

Ans : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] Ans : [Board 2018]
In trapezium ABCD, we have AB = 18 cm, CD = 32 Radius of each arc drawn is r = 12

2 = 6 cm.
cm AB | | CD and distance between || lines = 14 cm
and the radius of each sector = 7 cm. Area of one quadrant is 1
4 pr , thus area of four
2
quadrants,
Area of trapezium ABCD ,
4 # 14 pr2 = p # 62 = 3.14 # 36
Area j = 1 (18 + 32) # 14 = 113.04 cm2
2
Area of square ABCD ,
= 1 # 50 # 14
2
= 12 # 12 = 144 cm2
= 350 cm2
Hence Area of shaded region
Let, +A = q , +B = q 2, +C = q 3 and +D = q 4
= 144 - 113.04 = 30.96 cm2
Area of sector A,
74. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, if ABCD
q 1 pr 2 = q 1 22 is a rectangle with sides 8 cm and 6 cm and O is the
# 7 #7#7
360c 360c centre of circle. (Take p = 3.14 )
= q 1 # 154 cm2
360c
area of sector B = q 2 # 154 cm2

360c
area of sector C = q 3 # 154 cm2

360c
area of sector D = q 4 # 154 cm2

360c
area of 4 sectors = q 1 + q 2 + q 3 + q 4 # 154

360c In TABC , +B = 90c
Using Pythagoras theorem, we have
Area 4 7 = 360c # 154 = 154 cm2
360c AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
Thus area of shaded region, = 82 + 62
= Area j - Area 4 7 = 64 + 36 = 100
= 350 - 154 = 196 cm2 AC = 10 cm

Since, AC is the diameter of circle,
73. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, where
arcs drawn with centres A, B , C and D intersect in Radius of circle, r = 5 cm
pairs at midpoint P , Q , R and S of the sides AB , Area of the shaded region
BC , CD and DA respectively of a square ABCD of
side 12 cm. [Use p = 3.14 ] = ârea of the circleh - (area of the rectangle)
= pr2 - ÂB # BC h 76. In Figure, ABCD is a square with side 2 2 cm and

inscribed in a circle. Find the area of the shaded
= 3.14 # 5 - ^8 # 6h
2
region.(Use p = 3.14 ).
= 78.5 - 48
= 30.5 cm2
75. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure, if

PQ = 24 cm, PR = 7 cm and O is the centre of the
circle.
Side of square, a = 2 2 cm.

Area of square a2 = (2 2 ) 2 = 8 cm2
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Length of the diagonal of a square is given by,
We have PQ = 24 cm d =a 2
PR = 7 cm = 2 2 # 2 = 4 cm
The angle in the semicircle is right angle, therefore Since, the square is inscribed in a circle, hence the
diagonal of square will be the diameter of the circle,
+RPQ = 90c
Radius, r = d = 4 = 2 cm
In TRPQ , RQ2 = PR2 + PQ2 2 2
RQ2 = (7) 2 + (24) 2 Area of the circle,

= 49 + 576 = 625 pr2 = 3.14 # (2) 2 = 12.56 cm2
RQ = 25 cm Therefore, area of shaded region
= Area of circle - Area of the square
Area of TRPQ = 1 # RP # PQ
2
= (12.56 - 8) = 4.56 cm2
= 1 # 7 # 24 77. In the figure, O is the centre of circle such that
2
diameter AB = 13 cm and AC = 12 cm. BC is joined.
= 84 cm2 Find the area of the shaded region. ( p = 3.14 )
area of semi-circle = 1 # pr2

2
= 1 # 22 # b 25 l
2
2 7 2
= 11 # 625 = 6875 cm
7#4 28
Now, area of shaded region
= area of semi-circle - area of TRPQ
= 6875 - 84 = 6875 - 2352
28 28 We redraw the given figure as below.
Radius of semi circle ACB ,
= 4523
28
r = 13 cm
2 2
= 161.54 cm

Area of semicircle,
p r2 = 3.14 13 13
2 2 # 2 # 2
= 3.14 # 169 = 530.66 cm2

8 8
The angle subtended on a semicircle is a right angle,
thus +ACB = 90c
Area of square – Area of 4 sectors = 24 cm2

7
90 º 24
^2r h - 4 b pr # 360º l = 7
2 2
4r2 - 22 r2 = 24
7 7
28r2 - 22r2 = 24
7 7
In DABC ,
6r2 = 24
AC2 + BC2 = AB2
r2 = 4 & r = ! 2
2 2
12 + BC = 169
Thus radius of each circle is 2 cm.
BC2 = ^160 - 144h = 25
79. In Figure, a square OABC is inscribed in a quadrant
BC = 5 cm OPBQ . If OA = 15 cm , find the area of the shaded
Also area of triangle DABC , region. (Use p = 3.14 ).
D = 1 # Base # Hight
2
= 1 # AC # BC
2
= 1 # 12 # 5
2
= 30 cm2
Area of shaded region, Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
p r2 - T = 530.66 - 30 We have redrawn the figure given below.
2 8
= ^66.3325 - 30h cm2

= 36.3325 cm2
78. Four equal circles are described at the four corners of

a square so that each touches two of the others. The
shaded area enclosed between the circle is 247 cm2.
Find the radius of each circle.
Using Pythagoras theorem in TBAO ,
As per question statement the figure is shown below.
Let r be the radius of each circle. OB2 = OA2 + AB2 = 152 + 152
= 225 + 225 = 450
OB = 450 = 15 2 Now, AP = 5 3 dm
Thus radius OB = 15 2 cm. Area ^TOAP + TOBP h = 25 3 = 43.25 cm2
Area of square = (OA) 2 = (15) 2 = 225 cm2 Area of sector OACB ,
Now, area of quadrant, = 25 # 3.14 # 120c = 26.16 cm2.
360c
pr2 = 1 3.14 (15 2 ) 2
4 4# #
Shaded Area = 43.25 - 26.16 = 17.09 cm2
= 1 # 3.14 # 225 # 2 81. Fig. depicts a racing track whose left and right ends
4
are semi-circular. The distance between the two inner
parallel line segments is 60 m and they are each 106
= 3.14 # 225
2 m long. If the track is 10 m wide everywhere, find the
area of the track.
= 353.25 cm2
Therefore, area of shaded region
= Area of quadrant OPBQ - area of square OABC
= 353.25 - 225 = 128.25 cm2
80. An elastic belt is placed around the rim of a pulley

of radius 5 cm. From one point C on the belt elastic
belt is pulled directly away from the centre O of the
pulley until it is at P, 10 cm from the point O. Find
the length of the belt that is still in contact with the
pulley. Also find the shaded area. Ans : [Board Term-2 2011]
(Use p = 3.14 and 3 = 1.73 )
Width of the inner parallel lines = 60 m
Width of the outer lines = 40 # 2 = 80 m
Radius of the inner semicircles = 60 = 30 m

2
Radius of the outer semicircles = 80 = 40 m

2
Area of inner rectangle = 106 # 60 = 3180 m2

Area of outer rectangle = 106 # 80 = 4240 m2.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016] Area of the inner semicircles
= 2 # 1 # 22 # 30 # 30 = 19800 m2
2 7 7
Here AP is tangent at point A on circle.
Thus +OAP = 90c Area of outer semicircles
Now cos q = OA = 5 = 1 = cos 60º = 2 # 1 # 22 # 40 # 40 = 35200 m2

OP 10 2 2 7 7
Area of racing track
Thus q = 60º
= (area of outer rectangle + area of outer semicircles)
Reflex +AOB = 360c - 60c - 60c = 240c
– (area of inner rectangle + area of inner semicircles)
Now arc ADB = 2 # 3.14 # 5 # 120c
360c = 4240 + 35200 - b 3180 + 19800 l
7 7
= 20.93 cm
= 1060 + 15400 = 7420 + 15400
7 7
Hence length of elastic in contact is 20.93 cm.

= 22820 = 3260 m2 PS and QR with centre at O, the intersection of its

7 diagonals. Find the total area of the two flower beds
Hence, area of track is 3260 m2 (shaded parts).
82. Find the area of the shaded region in Figure,

!!! !
APD, AQB , BRC and CSD , are semi-circles of
diameter 14 cm, 3.5 cm, 7 cm and 3.5 cm respectively.
Use p = 227 .
Radius of circle with centre O is OR .

Let OR be x then using Pythagoras theorem we have
Ans : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] x2 + x2 = ^42h2 & x = 21 2 m

Area of segment of circle with centre angle 90c
Diameter of the largest semi circle = 14 cm
= 90c # 22 # (21 2 ) 2
Radius = 14 = 7 cm 360c 7
2
Diameter of two equal unshaded semicircle = 3.5 cm = 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 # 2

4 7
Radius of each circle = 3.5 cm = 11 # 3 # 21 = 693
2
Diameter of smaller shaded semi-circle = 7 cm
Area of triangle 3 ROQ ,
Radius = 3.5 cm
= 1 # (21 2 ) 2 = 21 # 21 = 441
2
Area of shaded portion
Area of the one side flower bed
= area of largest semi-circle+
= 693 - 441 = 252 m2
+ area of smaller shaded semicircle+
Area of flower bed of both
– area of two unshaded semicircles
= 2 # 252 = 504 m2
= 1 # 22 # 7 # 7 + 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2 7 2 7 2 2 84. In the figure, ABC is a right angled triangle right
angled at +A . Find the area of the shaded region, if
- 2 # 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 AB = 6 cm, BC = 10 cm and O is the centre of the
2 7 2 2
circle of the triangle ABC .
= 1 # 22 ;72 + b 7 l - 2 b 7 l E cm2
2 2
2 7 2 4
= 1 # 22 # (7) 2 :1 + 1 - 1 D
2 7 4 8
= 11 # 7 : 9 D
8
= 693 sq. cm or 86.625 cm2

8
83. In figure, PQRS is square lawn with side PQ = 42
metre. Two circular flower beds are there on the sides
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Let r be the radius of incircle.

Using the tangent properties we have
BC = 8 - r + 6 - r
10 = 14 - 2r
, 2r = 4 & r = 2 cm
Area of circle pr2 = 22 # 2 # 2 = 88 = 12.57 cm2

7 7
Now,area of TABC ,
Since AOB is the diameter of the circle, area of
T ABC = 1 # 8 # 6 = 24 cm2 shaded region,
2
= (Area of semi-circle - Area of TABC )
Area of semi-circle
= Area of TABC - Area of the circle
pr 2 = 1 22 21 21 cm2
= 24 - 12.57 cm2 = 11.43 cm2 2 2# 7 # #
85. Two circular beads of different sizes are joined = 1386 = 693 cm2
2
together such that the distance between their centres
is 14 cm. The sum of their areas is 130p cm2. Find the Area of triangle = 1 # 21 # 42 = 441 cm2
radius of each bead. 2
Area of shaded region = 693 - 441 = 252 cm2
Let the radii of the circles are r1 and r2 .
87. In the fig., ABC is a right-angle triangle, +B = 90c,
r1 + r2 = 14 ...(1) AB = 28 cm and BC = 21 cm. With AC as diameter,
Sum, of their areas, a semi-circle is drawn and with BC as radius a quarter
circle is drawn. Find the area of the shaded region.
p ^r12 + r22h = 130p
r12 + r22 = 130 ...(2)
^r1 + r2h2 = r1 + r2 + 2r1 r2

2 2
Now
^14h2 = 130 + 2r1 r2

2r1 r2 = 196 - 130 = 66
^r1 - r2h2 = r1 + r2 - 2r1 r2

2 2
= 130 - 66 = 64
Thus r1 - r2 = 8 ...(3)
From (1) and (3), we get Ans : [Board Term -2 2011, Foreign 2014]
2r1 = 22 & r1 = 11 cm In right angled triangle TABC using Pythagoras
r2 = 14 - 11 = 3 cm. theorem we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
86. A round thali has 2 inbuilt triangular for serving
vegetables and a separate semi-circular area for = 282 + 212
keeping rice or chapati. If radius of thali is 21 cm, find
= 784 + 441
the area of the thali that is shaded in the figure.
or AC2 = 1225 & AC = 35 cm

Area of shaded region, + 1 # 56 # 56 + 1 # 56 # 56

4 4
= area of TABC +
+ area of semi-circle with diameter AC + = 1 # 28 # 56 b 22 + 22 + 2 + 2 l m2
4 7 7
- area of quadrant with radius BC
= 7 # 56 b 22 + 22 + 14 + 14 l m2
7
= 1 ^21 # 28h + 1 # 22 # b 35 l - 1 # 22 # ^21h2
2
2 2 7 2 4 7 = 56 # 72 = 4032 m2.
= 21 # 14 + 11 # 35 # 35 - 1 # 22 # 21 # 21 89. The given figure shows a sector OAP of a circle

7 2 2 4 7
with centre O , containing +q. AB is perpendicular
= 21 # 14 + 55 # 35 - 11 # 3 # 21 to the radius OA and meets OP produced at B
2 2 2 . Prove that the perimeter of shaded region is
r = 6tan q + sec q + 180
pq
- 1@
= 294 + 481.25 - 346.5
= 775.25 - 346.5 = 428.75 cm2.
88. In fig., two circular flower beds have been shown on

two sides of a square lawn ABCD of side 56 m. If
the centre of each circular flower bed is the point of
intersection O of the diagonals of the square lawn,
find the sum of the areas of the lawn and flower beds.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015, 2016]
As per question statement we have redrawn this figure

as given below.
Side of square = 56
Diagonal of square = 56 2
Radius of circle = 12 # 56 2 = 28 2
Total area = Area of sector OAB +
+ Area of sector ODC +

Here OAP is sectors of circle with centre O ,
+ Area of TOAD + +POA = q and OA = AB .
!
+ Area of TOBC Perimeter of shaded region = BP + AB + AP (1)
= 22 # ^28 2 h # 90c + 22 # ^28 2 h # 90c +

2 2
7 360c 7 360c Now tan q = AB & r tan q = AB ...(2)
r
+ 1 # 56 # 56 + 1 # 56 # 56 sec q = OB & r sec q = OB

4 4 r
= 1 # 22 # ^28 2 h + 1 # 22 # ^28 2 h +
2 2
OB - OP = BP & r sec q - r = OP ...(3)
4 7 4 7
Length of arc AP , Semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure. Find

! the area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
AP = q # 2pr
360
= q # 2pr = qpr ...(4)

360 180
Substituting values from equation (2), (3), (4) in
equation (1) we get perimeter of shaded region as
= r tan q + r sec q - r + qpr

180
= r :tan q + sec q + qp - 1D
180
Hence, Proved.
90. In fig., find the area of the shaded region. Use p = 22
7 .
= 2 (Area of semi-circle of radius 7
2 cm)
- 2 (Area of semi-circle of radius 7
8 cm)
= 2 ;1 # 22 # b 7 l E - 2 ;1 # 22 # b 7 l E
2 2
2 7 2 2 7 8
= 2 # 1 # 22 # b 7 l ;1 - b 1 l E
2 2
2 7 2 4
= 77 :1 - 1 D = 77 # 15 = 1155 cm2
2 16 2 16 32
= 36.09 cm2
92. Two circles touch internally. The sum of their areas is
Area of square = ^14h = 196 cm
2 2 116p and the difference between their centres is 6 cm.
Find the radii of the circles.
Ans : [ Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
= 22 # b 7 l cm2
2
Area of internal circle
7 2 Let the radius of larger circle be x and the radius of
smaller circle be y . As per question statement we have
= 77 = 38.5 cm2 shown diagram below.
2
Area of semi-circle with 14 cm diameter
= 1 # 22 # 72 cm2
2 7
= 77 cm2
7
Area of two quarter circles of radius 2 cm
= 2 # 1 # 22 # b 7 l = 77 = 19.25 cm2
2
4 7 2 4
Shaded area = 196 - 38.5 + 77 + 19.25

Now x-y = 6 ...(1)
= 292.25 - 38.5
and px2 + py2 = 116p
= 253.75 cm2.
p ^x2 + y2h = 116p
91. In fig., AC = BD = 7 cm and AB = CD = 1.75 cm. x2 + y2 = 116 ...(2)

From (1) and (2) we have 94. In the given figure, TABC is a right angled triangle
in which +A = 90c. Semicircles are drawn on AB, AC
x2 + ^x - 6h2 = 116 and BC as diameters. Find the area of the shaded
x2 + x2 - 12x + 36 = 116 region.
x2 - 6x - 40 = 0
x2 - 10x + 4x - 40 = 0
x ^x - 10h + 4 ^x + 10h = 0
x = 10, and y = 10 - 6 = 4
Hence, radii of the circles are 10 cm and 4 cm.
93. A park is of the shape of a circle of diameter 7 m.

It is surrounded by a path of width of 0.7 m. Find
the expenditure of cementing the path. If its cost is Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]
Rs.110 per sq. m.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017] In TABC we have
As per question statement we have shown diagram +A = 90c, AB = 3 = 3 cm, and AC = 4 cm
below.
Now BC = AB2 + AC2 = 32 + 42 = 5 cm.
Area of shaded Area
= Area of semicircle with radius 3 cm

2
+ area of semi circle with radius 4 cm
2
+ Area of triangle TABC)
- Area of semicircle with radius 5 cm

2
= p b 3 l + p ^2 h2 + 1 # 3 # 4 - p b 5 l
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
The inner diameter of park = 7 m
= 9p + 2p + 6 - 25p = 9p + 16p - 25p + 6
radius = 7 = 3.5 m 8 8 8
2
= 6 cm2
Width of path = 0.7 m
Radius of park with path 95. In the given figure, two concentric circle with centre
O have radii 21 cm and 42 cm. If +AOB = 60c, find
= 3.5 + 0.7 = 4.2 m the area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 .
Area of the path = p ^4.2h2 - p ^3.5h2
= 22 ^17.64 - 12.25h
7
= 22 # 5.39 = 22 # 0.77
7
= 16.94 m2
Cost of the cementing the path
= 16.94 # 110 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
= Rs.1863.40 We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.

= Area of sector OQBPO - Area of square OABC
= pr2 90c - ^20h2

360c
= 3.14 # (20 2 ) 2 # 90c - ^20h2

360c
= 3.14 # 200 - 400

Here +AOB = 60c and +COD = 60c
= 628 - 400 = 228
R = 42 cm, r = 21 cm
Required area is 228 cm2.
Reflex of +AOB ,
97. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle with
q = ^360c - 60ch = 300c
AC = 24 cm, AB = 7 cm and +BOD = 90c. Find the
Now, area of shaded region area of the shaded region.
pR2 q - pr2 q = qp ^R2 - r2h

360c 360c 360c
= 300c # 22 # ^422 - 212h

360c 7
= 5 # 22 # ^42 - 21h^42 + 21h

6 7
= 5 # 22 # 21 # 63
6 7
= 5 # 11 # 63 = 3465 cm2
Thus area of shaded region is 3465 cm2.
96. A square OABC is inscribed in a quadrant OPBQ of We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.
a circle. If OA = 20 cm, find the area of the shaded
region. [Use p = 3.14 ]
Here TCAB is right angle triangle with +CAB = 90c

In right TCAB , by Pythagoras theorem, we have
BC2 = AC2 + AB2 = 242 + 72
We have OB = OA2 + AB2
= 576 + 49 = 625
= 202 + 202 = 800 Thus BC = 25 cm which is diameter. Now radius is
25
Thus OB = 20 2 cm 2 or 12.5 cm.

Radius r = 20 2
= area of semicircle +area of quadrant - area of TACB

= 1 pr2 + 1 pr2 - 1 # AB # AC
2 4 2
= 3 pr2 - 1 # 7 # 24 = 3 # 22 # 625 - 7 # 12
4 2 4 7 4
= 368.3035 - 84 = 284.3 cm2

Thus area of shaded region = 284.3035 cm2
98. In given figure ABPC is a quadrant of a circle of

radius 14 cm and a semicircle is drawn with BC as
diameter. Find the are of the shaded region. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017]

= Area of rectangle ABCD - area of semicircle
= 21 # 14 - p # 72
2
= 294 - 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2 7
= 294 - 77 = 217 cm2

Perimeter of shaded area
!
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] = AB + AD + CD + CB
Radius of the quadrant AB = AC = 14 cm = 21 + 14 + 21 + 22 # 7
7
BC = 142 + 142 = 14 2 cm
= 21 + 14 + 21 + 22 = 78 cm
Radius of semicircle = 14 2 = 7 2 cm Hence, area of shaded region is 217 cm2 and perimeter
2
is 78 cm.
= 1 p ^7 2 h
2
Area of semicircle
2 100.In the figure OABC is a quadrant of a circle of radius
7 cm. If OD = 4 cm, find the area of shaded region.
= 1 # 22 # 98
2 7
= 154 cm2
Area of segment BPCO
pr2 q - 1 r2 = r2 pq - 1
360c 2 b 360c 2 l
= 14 # 14 b 22 # 90 - 1 l
7 360 2
= 14 # 14 b 11 - 1 l
14 2 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
= 14 # 14 # 2 = 56 cm2 Area of shaded region,

7
= Area of sector OCBAD - Area of TODC
Hence, area of shaded region is 56 cm2.
= p # 72 # 90c - 1 # 7 # 4
99. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions 360c 2
21 cm # 14 cm. A semicircle is drawn with BC as
diameter. Find the area and the perimeter of the = p # 49 # 1 - 14 = 49p - 14 = 24.5 cm2
4 4
shaded region in the figure.
101.Figure shows two arcs PAQ and PQB . Arc PAQ is

a part of circle with centre O and radius OP while
arc PBQ is a semi-circle drawn on PQ as diameter
with centre M . If OP = PQ = 10 cm show that area
of shaded region is 25 a 3 - p k cm2.
6
If we subtract area of two semicircle AOD and COB

, from square ABCD we will get area of part 1 and
part 2.
Area of square = 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
Radius of semicircle = 14 = 7 cm
2
Area of semicircle AOB + DOC

= 22 # 72 = 154 cm2
7
We have +POQ = 60c
So, area of each of two shaded part
and OP = OQ = PQ = 10
196 - 154 = 42 cm2
Area of segment PAQM ,
Hence, area of four shaded parts is 84 cm2.
= c 100p - 100 3 m 103.In the given figure DACB is a quadrant of a circle
6 4
cm2 with centre O and radius 3.5 cm. If OD = 2 find the
area of the region.
2
Area of semicircle = p5 = 25p cm2
2 2
= 25p - b 50p - 25 3 l
2 3
= 25 a 3 - p k cm2.
6
102.In fig. ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. Semi-circle are
drawn with each side of square as diameter. Find the
area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 . Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]

= area of quadrant OACB - area TDOB
= 1 pr2 - 1 # base # height

4 2
= 1 # 22 # 3.52 - 1 # 2 # 3.5
4 7 2
= 3.5 b 1 # 22 # 3.5 - 1l
4 7
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016, STD SQP 2021] = 3.5 b 11 - 1l = 3.5 # 7 = 6.125
4 4
We have redrawn the given figure as shown below. Hence the area of shaded region is 6.125 cm.

104.As ABDC is a quadrant of a circle of radius 28 cm round is equal to the circumference of circle.
and a semi-circle BEC is drawn with BC as diameter. Radius of the circle formed by long hand = 6 cm. and
Find the area of the shaded region. Use p = 227 . radius of the circle formed by short hand = 4 cm.
Distance travelled by long hand in one round
= circumference of the circle 2 # 6 # p
Distance travelled by long hand in 24 rounds
= 24 # 12p = 288p
Distance travelled by short hand in a round = 2 # 4p
Distance travelled by short hand in 2 round
= 2 # 8p = 16p
Sum of the distance = 288p + 16p = 304p
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] = 304 # 3.14 = 954.56 cm
As ABC is a quadrant of the circle, +BAC will be
106.Three semicircles each of diameter 3 cm, a circle of
90c.
diameter 4.5 cm and a semicircle of radius 4.5 cm are
In TABC , BC2 = AC2 + AB2 drawn in the given figure. Find the area of the shaded
region.
= ^28h2 + ^28h2 = 2 # ^28h2
BC = 28 2 cm
Radius of semi-circle drawn on BC ,
= 28 2 = 14 2
2
= 1 p ^14 2 h
2
Area of semi-circle
2
= 1 # 22 # 14 # 14 # 2
2 7
= 616 cm2
Area of TABC = 1 # 28 # 28 = 392 cm2
2
= Area of semicircle with d = 9 cm
Area of quadrant = 1 # 22 # 28 # 28 + Area of semicircle with d = 3 cm
4 7
= 616 cm2 - 2 # area of semicircle with d = 3 cm
Area of the shaded region - area of circle with d = 4.5 cm
= 1 # p #b9l + 1 # p #b3l
2 2
= Area of semi-circle +area of T - Area of quadrant 2 2 2 2
= 616 + 392 - 616 = 392 cm2.
- 2 # 1 # p # b 3 l - p # b 4.5 l
2 2
2 2 2
105.The long and short hands of a clock are 6 cm and 4 cm
long respectively. Find the sum of distances travelled
= p [(9) 2 + (3) 2 - 2 (3) 2 - 2 (4.5) 2]
by their tips in 24 hours. (Use p = 3.14 ) 8
= p [4 (4.5) 2 + (3) 2 - 2 (3) 2 - 2 (4.5) 2]
Long hand makes 24 rounds in 24 hours 8
and short hand makes 2 round in 24 hours.
Distance travelled by tips of hands in one = p [2 (4.5) 2 - (3) 2] = p [2 (3 # 1.5) 2 - (3) 2]
8 8
XIX Commonwealth Games; a major sporting event.

2
p (3)
= [2 (1.5) 2 - 1] = 9p [4.5 - 1]
8 8
= 9 # 22 # 3.5 = 99 = 12.375 cm2

8#7 8
Thus area of shaded region is 12.375 cm2.
107.In fig., ABCDEF is any regular hexagon with different

vertices A, B, C, D, E and F as the centres of circle
with same radius r are drawn. Find the area of the
shaded portion.
Jawaharlal Nehru stadium is conducting the annual
sports competition soon. The curator of the stadium
is tasked to figuring out the dimensions for carving
out some areas allotted for a hockey court and a
shooting range, as shown in the figure below.
Let n be number of sides.

Now n # each angle = ^n - 2h # 180c
6 # each angle = 4 # 180c
each angle = 120c
The shapes of the hockey court and the shooting
Area of a sector = pr2 # 120c range are square and triangle respectively. Both of the
360c courts have a common edge that touches the centre
of stadium. The construction of the shooting range is
Area of 6 shaded regions = 6pr2 # 120c
360c such that the angle to centre is 90c. The radius of the
stadium is 200 metres.
= 2p r 2
(i) What is the area allotted to shooting range ?
(a) 12, 600 m2
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (b) 22, 000 m2
(c) 20, 000 m2
108.Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is a multi-purpose sports (d) 16, 880 m2
stadium and a very popular sports stadium of Delhi.
The stadium is a part of the Jawaharlal Nehru (ii) What is the area allotted to hockey court ?
sports complex in central Delhi, which also houses (a) 12, 600 m2 (b) 22, 000 m2
the headquarters of the Sports Authority of India, (c) 20, 000 m2 (d) 16, 880 m2
the field arm of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports, and the Indian Olympic Association . It (iii) If the team of the curators managing the stadium,
has a capacity to seat 60,000 people. It is the third likes to allot space for some more sports, how
largest multi-purpose stadium in India. In 2010, the much area is available to them?
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was the main stadium for (a) 85, 600 m2 (b) 95, 800 m2
(c) 60, 040 m2 (d) 76, 980 m2

(iv) If the boundaries of the hockey court and shooting For triangle, length of AB ,
range are to be fenced, then what is the required
AB = OA2 + OB 2
length of the fence ?
(a) 200 ^2 + 5 3 h m (b) 200 ^2 + 3 2 h m = 2002 + 2002
(c) 200 ^2 + 5 2 h m (d) 200 ^2 + 3 3 h m = 200 2 m
(v) If the cost of fencing is Rs 6 per metre, what is Perimeter of triangle,
the total cost of fencing ?
OA + OB + AB = 200 + 200 + 200 2
(a) Rs 2400 ^2 + 3 2 h (b) Rs 1200 ^2 + 5 2 h
(c) Rs 1200 ^2 + 3 2 h (d) Rs 2400 ^2 + 3 2 h = 400 + 200 2
Ans : Perimeter of square,

(i) Here TAOB is a right-angled triangle in which 4a = 4 # 100 2 = 400 2
AB is a hypotenuse.
Boundary need to be fenced,
Now AO = OB
= 400 + 200 2 + 400 2
= radius of circle = 200 m
= 400 + 600 2
Thus area of TAOB ,
= 200 ^2 + 3 2 h m
= 1 # OA # OB Thus (b) is correct option.
2
(v) Cost of Fencing = Length of Fence # Rate
= 1 # 200 # 200 = 20, 000 m2
2
= 200 ^2 + 3 2 h # 6
(ii) Here OCDE is a square whose diagonal is equal to = 1200 ^2 + 3 2 h
the radius of the circle. Let a be side of square. Thus (c) is correct option.
Now a + a = ^200h
2 2 2
109.A barn is an agricultural building usually on farms and
2 used for various purposes. A barn refers to structures
2a = 200 # 200
that house livestock, including cattle and horses, as
a = 100 # 100 # 2 well as equipment and fodder, and often grain.
= 100 2 m
a2 = ^100 2 h = 20, 000 m2

2
Area of square
Area of hockey court is equal to area of shooting
court.
(iii) Unoccupied area of stadium,
=Area of circle - (Area of hockey court + area Ramkaran want to build a barn at his farm. He has
made a design for it which is shown above. Here roof
of shooting court) is arc of a circle of radius r at centre O .
= pr - ^20, 000 + 20, 000h
2 (i) What is the value of radius of arc ?
(a) 4 3 m
= 40, 000p - 40, 000
(b) 4 2 m
= 40000 (p - 1)
(c) 4 3 m
= 40, 000 # 2.14 = 85, 600 m2 (d) 2 2 m
(ii) What is the curved width of roof ?
(iv) Boundaries need to be fenced (a) 2p 3 m (b) 4p 2 m
= perimeter of triangle + perimeter of square (c) 2p 2 m (d) 4p 3 m
(iii) What is area of cross section of barn ? = 48 + 8p = 8 ^6 + p h

(a) 8 ^6 + p h m2 (b) 4 ^6 + p h m2 Thus (a) is correct option.
(c) 8 ^3 + p h m 2
(d) 4 ^3 + p h m 2
(iv) Curved surface area of roof
(iv) If the length of the barn is 12 meters, what is the = 2p 2 # 12
curved surface area of roof?
= 24 2 p m2
(a) 32 2 p m2 (b) 16 2 p m2
(c) 48 2 p m2 (d) 24 2 p m2
(v) Storage capacity of barn,
(v) What is the storage capacity of barn ?
= Cross section area # Length
(a) 48 ^6 + p h m3 (b) 48 ^6 + p h m3
(c) 96 ^6 + p h m3 (d) 96 ^3 + p h m3 = 8 ^6 + p h # 12
Ans : = 96 ^6 + p h m3
(i) We redraw the cross section of barn as shown Thus (c) is correct option.
below. 110.The tunnels are defined as the underground passages
that are used for the transportation purposes. These
permit the transmission of passengers and freights, or
it may be for the transportation of utilities like water,
sewage or gas etc. The tunnel engineering is one of the
most interesting disciplines in engineering. The work
is complex and difficult throughout its course, even
though it is interesting.
In right triangle TAFO ,

AO = AF2 + FO2
= 42 + 42 = 4 2 m
Thus AO = 4 2 which is also radius of curved arc.
(ii) In right angle triangle TAFO is also isosceles
triangle
Thus, +FAO = +FOA = 45c
Similarly, +FOC = 45c
Earth is excavated to make a road tunnel. The tunnel
Thus +AOC = +AOF + +FOC is a cylinder of radius 7 m and length 450 m.
A level surface is laid inside the tunnel to make road.
= 45c + 45c = 90c
Figure shows the circular cross - section of the tunnel.
The level surface is represented by AB , the centre of
Curved width 2prq = 2p # 4 2 # 90c
360c 360c the circle is O and +AOB = 90c. The space below
AB is filled with rubble (debris from the demolition
= 2p 2 m buildings).
(iii) Area of cross section
= Area of AECD +
+ Area of section ABCO - Area of triangle ACO
p ^4 2 h # 90c 1
2
= 8#8+ - #4#8
360c 2
= 64 + 8p - 16

Steel girders are erected above the tracks to strengthen

the tunnel. The girders are erected at 6 m intervals Area of cross section of tunnel,
along the length of the tunnel, with one at each end. = Area of circle - Area AMBC
(i) What is the cross section area of tunnel before
= Area of circle - (Area of OACB - Area of TOAB )
filling debris on ground plane ?
2 2
(a) 154 m2 = pr2 - c pr - r m
4 2
(b) 140 m2
2 2
(c) 155 m2 = 3pr + r
4 2
(d) 145 m2
2
(ii) What is the area of cross section of tunnel after = r ^3p + 2h
4
filling debris on ground plane?
(a) 138 m2 (b) 140 m2
= 7 # 7 c 3 # 22 + 2 m = 140 m2
4 7
(c) 152 m 2
(d) 145 m 2

(iii) What is the length of each girder ?
(iii) Length of each girder is length of curved part of
(a) 11 m (b) 22 m
cross-section,
(c) 33 m (d) 44 m
2pr ^360c - 90ch
=
(iv) How many girders are erected ? 360c
(a) 76 (b) 75
2 # 22 # 7 ^360c - 90ch
(c) 74 (d) 73 = 7
360c
(v) If the weight of 1 meter girder is 25 kg, how much
steel is required ? = 2 # 22 # 270c = 33 m
(a) 2508 quintals (b) 627 quintals 360c
(c) 2246 quintals (d) 1646 quintals Thus (c) is correct option.
(iv) Since 1 girder is placed at every 6 m, total girder
Ans :
required,
(i) Cross section area of tunnel before filling debris on
ground plane, = 450 + 1
6
22
pr2 = 7 # 7 # 7 = 154 m2 = 75 + 1 = 76 girder
Thus (a) is correct option. Thus (a) is correct option.

(ii) The geometry of cross-section is shown below. (v) Total requirement of girder
= 76 # 33 = 2508 meter
Total weight of girder
= 2508 # 25
= 62700 kg = 627 quintal

Triangle OAB is isosceles triangle having right angle
at O . Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
2 Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
Thus area of TAOB = r
2
Area of circular section OACB
2 2 2
= pr q = pr 90c = pr
360c 360c 4
Page 370 Surface Areas and Volumes Chap 13
CHAPTER 13
SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
ONE MARK QUESTIONS their curved surface areas are also equal, then what is
the ratio of the slant height of the cone to the height
of the cylinder?
1. If the radius of the sphere is increased by 100%, then Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
how much volume of the corresponding sphere is
increased ? We have prl = 2prh
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] l =2
h 1
Let r be the original radius of sphere. If we increased
radius by 100 %. it will be 2r .
5. Find the ratio of lateral surface areas of two cylinders
with equal height.
4
Vr = 3 pr 3 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016]
4 4 2pRh : 2prh = R : r
Now V2r = 3 p # (2r) 3 = 3 p # 8r 3
Thus new volume is 8 times of original volume. 6. Find the ratio of volumes of two cylinders
Hence when the radius is increased by 100%, the with equal height.
corresponding volume becomes 800% and thus Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
increase is 700%.
pR 2 h : p r 2 h = R 2 : r 2
2. A sphere is melted and half of the melted liquid is used
to form 11 identical cubes, whereas the remaining half
7. From a solid circular cylinder with height 10
is used to form 7 identical smaller spheres. Find the
cm and radius of the base 6 cm, a right circular cone
ratio of the side of the cube to the radius of the new
of the same height and same base is removed, then
small sphere.
find the volume of remaining solid?
Ans : [Board 2008]
As per the given conditions,
Volume of the remaining solid
11a = 7 # 4 # 22 # r3
3
=Volume of the cylinder - Volume of the cone
3 7
a = b 8 l1/3 = p # 62 # 10 - 1 # p # 62 # 10
3
r 3
= (360p - 120p) = 240p cm3
3. Find the ratio of volumes of two cones with same
radii. 8. The diameter of a sphere is 6 cm. It is melted and
Ans : [Board 2010] drawn into a wire of diameter 2 mm. What is the
length of the wire?
1 p r 2 h : 1 pr 2 h Ans : [Board 2009]
3 1 1 3 2 2
Let the length of the wire be l . Since, metallic sphere
1 p r 2 h : 1 pr 2 h (r1 = r2) is converted into a cylindrical shaped wire of length l ,
3 1 1 3 1 2
Volume of the metal used in wire is equal to the
h1 : h2 volume of the sphere.
4
4. The base radii of a cone and a cylinder are equal. If pr2 l = 3 pR 3

Chap 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Page 371
6 3
p #b2 # 1 l # l = 4 # p #b2l 4 # 22 r3 = 38808 # 3
2
2 10 3 7
p # 1 # h = 4 # p # 33 r3 = 38808 # 3 # 7 = 441 # 21
100 3 4 # 22
l = 4 32 = 36
# r3 = 21 # 21 # 21
100
l = 3600 cm = 36 m r = 21 cm
9. The diameter of hollow cone is equal to the diameter 12. Twelve solid spheres of the same size are made by
of a spherical ball. If the ball is placed at the base of melting a solid metallic cylinder of base diameter
the cone, what portion of the ball will be outside the 2 cm and height 16 cm. What is the diameter of each
cone? sphere?
Ans : [Board 2007] Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 201]
Though it is given that diameter of the cone is equal Volume of the twelve solid sphere is equal to the
to the diameter of the spherical ball. But the ball will volume of cylinder.
not fit into the cone because of its slant shape. Hence V12 sphere = Vcylinder
more than 50% of the portion of the ball will be
2 2
outside the cone. 12 # 4 pr3 = p b 1 l # 16
3
16pr3 = 16p
r3 = 1 & r = 1 cm
Diameter of each sphere, d = 2r = 2 # 1 = 2 cm
13. The total surface area of the given solid figure is

.......... .
10. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius

r are joined together along their bases, then
find the curved surface area of this new solid.
Ans : [Board 2010]
Because curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2pr2 Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
and here, we join two solid hemispheres along their
bases of radius r , from which we get a solid sphere. Given figure is combination of right circular cone and
Hence, the curved surface area of new solid cylinder.
= 2pr2 + 2pr2 = 4pr2 Total surface area
= Area of base of cylinder+
11. A solid piece of iron in the form of a cuboid of + Curved surface area of cylinder+
dimensions 49 cm # 33 cm # 24 cm , is moulded to
+ Curved surface area of cone
form a solid sphere. What is the radius of the sphere ?
Ans : [Board 2006] = pr2 + 2prh + prl
Volume of the sphere = Volume of the cuboid = pr (r + 2h + l)
4 pr3 = 49 33 24 = 38808 cm3 14. A solid metallic cuboid 24 cm # 11 cm # 7 cm is

3 # #
melted and recast and recast into solid cones of base
radius 3.5 cm and height 6 cm. Find the number of
cones so formed. = 1|1|2

3 3
Let n be the number of cones formed. = 3|1|2

Now, according to question,
18. What is the ratio of the total surface area of the solid
Volume of n cones = Volume of cuboid hemisphere to the square of its radius.
n # 1 # 22 # (3.5) 2 # 6 = 24 # 11 # 7
3 7
Total surface area of hemisphere 3pr2 3p
= 2 =
n = 24 # 11 # 7 # 3 # 7 = 24 Square of its radius r 1
22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # 6
Thus required ratio is 3p | 1.
Thus n = 24 .
19. Two cubes each of volume 8 cm3 are joined end to
15. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 264 m2 and end, then what is the surface area of resulting cuboid.
its volume is 924 m3. Find the ratio of its height to Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
its diameter.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] Side of the cube, a =3 8 = 2 cm
Curved Surface area of cylinder is 2prh and volume Length of cuboid, l = 4 cm
of cylinder pr2 h .
Breadth, b = 2 cm
Now pr2 h = 924
2prh 264 Height, h = 2 cm
r =7 &r=7 Surface area of cuboid = 2 ^l # b + b # h + h # l h
2 2
= 2 ^4 # 2 + 2 # 2 + 2 # 4h
Substituting r = 7 in 2prh = 264 we have
= 2 # 20 = 40 cm2
2 # 22 # 7 # h = 264
7
20. The radius of sphere is r cm. It is divided into two
h =6 m equal parts. Find the whole surface of two parts.
h = 6 =3 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Now
2r 14 6 Whole surface of each part
Hence, h|d = 3|7 = 2pr2 + pr2 = 3pr2
16. A rectangular sheet paper 40 cm # 22 cm is rolled Total surface of two parts

to form a hollow cylinder of height 40 cm. Find the = 2 # 3pr2 = 6pr2
radius of the cylinder.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] 21. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 2 | 3 and
Here, h = 40 cm, circumference = 22 cm their heights are in the ratio 5 | 3 , find the ratio of
their volumes.
2pr = 22 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012]
r = 22 # 7 = 7 = 3.5 cm Volume of 1 st cylinder 2

2 # 22 2
nd = pr12 h1
Volume of 2 cylinder pr2 h2
17. A cylinder, a cone and a hemisphere have same base
and same height. Find the ratio of their volumes. = a r1 k # h1
2
r2 h2
= b2l # 5
2
Vcylinder |Vcone |Vhemisphere = pr h | 1 pr2 h | 2 pr3

2
3 3
3 3
= 4 # 5 = 20
= p r 2 r | 1 p r 2 r | 2 pr 3 (h = r ) 9 3 27
3 3
= 20 | 27

22. What is the volume of a right circular cylinder of base 26. The circumference of the edge of a hemisphere bowl
radius 7 cm and height 10 cm ? Use p = 227 is 132 cm. When p is taken as 227 , find the capacity of
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] the bowl in cm3.
We have r = 7 cm, h = 10 cm,
Volume of cylinder, Let r be the radius of bowl, then circumference of
bowl,
pr2 h = 22 # ^7 h2 # 10
7 2pr = 132
= 1540 cm3 r = 132 # 7 = 21 cm
2 # 22
23. If the radius of the base of a right circular Capacity i.e volume of the bowl,
cylinder is halved, keeping the height same,
2 pr 3 = 2 22 21 21 21
find the ratio of the volume of the reduced 3 3# 7 # # #
cylinder to that of original cylinder.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] = 19404 cm3
27. Volume and surface area of a solid hemisphere are

Volume of reduced cylinder p # ^ r2 h2 h
= =1 numerically equal. What is the diameter of hemisphere
Volume of original cylinder pr 2 h 4 ?
= 1|4 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
Let radius of sphere be r .

24. Volume of two spheres are in the ratio 64 | 27 , find
the ratio of their surface areas. Now Volume of sphere = S.A. of hemisphere
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] 2 p r 3 = 3p r 2
3
Volume of I st sphere
= 64
Volume of II nd 27 r = 9 units
2
4
pr13
3
= 64
4
pr23 27 Diameter d = 9 # 2 = 9 units
3 2
r13 = 43 28. Three solid metallic spherical balls of radii 3 cm, 4 cm
r23 33 and 5 cm are melted into a single spherical ball, find
r1 = 4 its radius.
r2 3 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
Ratio of their surface areas, Let the radius of spherical ball be r .

Volume of spherical ball = Volume of three balls
2pr12 = r1 2 = 4 2 = 16
a r2 k b3l
3 6 @
4pr22 9 4 pr 3 = 4 p 3 3 + 4 3 + 5 3
3
25. Find the volume (in cm3) of the largest right circular
cone that can be cut off from a cube of edge 4.2 cm. r3 = 27 + 64 + 125 = 216
, r = 6 cm
Edge of the cube = 4.2 cm.
29. Three cubes of iron whose edges are 3 cm,
Height of the cone = 4.2 cm. 4 cm and 5 cm respectively are melted and
formed into a single cube, what will be the
Radius of the cone = 4.2 = 2.1 cm.
2 edge of the new cube formed ?
Volume of the cone, Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
1 pr 2 h = 1 22
3 # 7 #^ h #
2.1 2 4.2 Let the edge of single cube be x .
3
Volume of single cube= Volume of three cubes
= 19.4 cm3
x3 = 33 + 43 + 53 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

= 27 + 64 + 125 = 216
x = 6 cm 33. Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1 : 3 and
radii in the ratio 3 : 1. What is the ratio of their
30. A solid sphere of radius r melted and recast into the volumes?
shape of a solid cone of height r . Find the radius of Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
the base of a cone.
Let h1 and h2 be height and r1 and r2 be radii of two
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] cones.
Let the radius of cone be R cm. Now h1 = 1 and r1 = 3
h2 3 r2 1
Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
Ratio of their volumes,
4 pr 3 = 1 pR 2 r 2
3 pr 1 h1
1
V1
= a r1 k b h1 l = b 3 l b 1 l = 3
# 2 2
3 3 =
V2 2 r h2 1 3 1
3 pr 2 h 2
1
2
4r3 = R2 r Hence, ratio of their volumes is 3 :1.

2 2
R = 4r 34. A solid is in the shape of a cone surmounted on a
R = 2r hemisphere. The radius of each of them being 3.5 cm
and the total height of the solid is 9.5 cm. Find the
31. Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1 : 3 and volume of the solid.
radii in the ratio 3 : 1. What is the ratio of their Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
volumes?
As per question the figure is shown below. Here total
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] volume of the toy is equal to the sum of volume of
Let h1 and h2 be height and r1 and r2 be radii of two hemisphere and cone.
cones.
Now h1 = 1 and r1 = 3
h2 3 r2 1
Ratio of their volumes,
2
3 pr 1 h1
1
V1
V2 = 2
3 pr 2 h 2
1
= a r1 k b h1 l = b 3 l b 1 l = 3
2 2
r2 h2 1 3 1
Hence, ratio of their volumes is 3 :1.
32. A solid metallic cone of radius 2 cm and height 8 cm is Volume of toy,

melted into a sphere. Find the radius of sphere. 1 pr2 h + 2 pr3 = 1 pr2 (h + 2r)
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] 3 3 3
Let R be the radius of sphere. = 1 # 22 # (3.5) 2 # (6 + 2 # 3.5)

3 7
Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
4 pR 3 = 1 pr 2 h = 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # (6 + 7)
3 7
3 3
= 1 # 22 # 3.5 # 13
4 pR 3 = 1 p 3 2
3 #^ h #
22 8
3
= 1 # 11 # 3.5 # 13
4R3 = 4 # 8 3
R3 = 8 & R = 2 cm = 500.5 = 166.83 cm3 (Approx)

3

Hence, the volume of the solid is 166.83 cm3 . success. They went to a juice shop and asked for two
glasses of juice.
35. Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km/h through a Aisha, a juice seller, was serving juice to her customers
pipe of diameter 14 cm into a cuboidal pond which is in two types of glasses.
50 m long and 44 m wide. In what time will the level
Both the glasses had inner radius 3 cm. The height of
of water in the pond rise by 21 cm?
both the glasses was 10 cm.
First Type : A glass with hemispherical raised bottom.
Let t be the time in which the level of the water in
the tank will rise by 21 cm.
Length of water that flows in 1 hour is 15 km or
15000 m.
Radius of pipe is 14 = 7 cm or 0.07 m.
2
Volume of water in 1 hour,
= 22 # b 7 l # 15000
2
7 100 Second Type : A glass with conical raised bottom of

height 1.5 cm.
= 231 m3
Volume of water in time t ,
= 231t m3
This volume of water is equal to the water flowed into
the cuboidal pond which is 50 m long, 44 m wide and
0.21 m high.
Thus 231t = 50 # 44 # 0.21
Isha insisted to have the juice in first type of glass and
t = 50 # 44 # 0.21 = 2 Hours her father decided to have the juice in second type of
231 glass. Out of the two, Isha or her father Suresh, who
36. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of base diameter got more quantity of juice to drink and by how much?
24 m and height 3.5 m. Find the volume of the rice. Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the
heap? Let H and h be the height of cylinder and height
of cone. Let r be the common radius of cone and
cylinder and hemisphere.
Radius of conical heap r = 12 m Capacity of first glass,
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of hemisphere
Height of heap, h = 3.5 m
Volume of rice, = p r 2 H - 2 pr 3
3
1
V = 3 pr2 h = pr :H - 2 r D
2
3
= 1 # 22 # 12 # 12 # 3.5 m3 = p # (3) 2 :10 - 2 # 3D
3 7 3
= 528 m3 = 9p # 8 = 72p cm2

Slanted height, Capacity of second glass,
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone
l = 122 + (3.5) 2 = 12.5 m
Area of canvas cloth required, = pr2 H - 1 pr2 h = pr2 :H - 1 hD
3 3
prl = 22 # 12 # 12.5 = 471.4 m2
7 = p (3) 2 :10 - 1 # 15D
3
37. Isha is 10 years old girl. On the result day, Isha and her
father Suresh were very happy as she got first position = 9p # 9.5 = 85.5p cm2
in the class. While coming back to their home, Isha Therefore Suresh got more juice of quantity,
asked for a treat from her father as a reward for her
= 85.5p - 72p cm2 = 13.5p cm3 Let h be the height of water raised measured.
Volume of water displaced in cylinder = p ^10h2 h
38. A sphere of maximum volume is cut out from a solid
hemisphere of radius 6 cm. Find the volume of the cut Volume of cube,
out sphere.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] p ^10h2 h = 8 # 8 # 8
Here diameter of sphere is equal to the radius h = 8#8#8#7

22 # 10 # 10
of hemisphere which is 6 cm.
Diameter of sphere = Radius of hemisphere = 1.629 cm.
= 6 cm 41. Two cubes of 5 cm each are kept together joining edge

to edge to form a cuboid. Find the surface area of the
Radius of sphere = 3 cm
cuboid so formed.
Volume, V = 4 pr3 = 4 # 22 # 33 cm3. Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015]
3 3 7
Let l be the length of the cuboid so formed.
= 113.14 cm3.
Now l = 5 + 5 = 10 cm,b = 5 cm; h = 5 cm.
39. A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a Surface area = 2 ^l # b + b # h + h # l h
hemisphere. What is the greatest diameter the
hemisphere can have ? Find the surface area of the = 2 ^10 # 5 + 5 # 5 + 5 # 10h
solid.
= 2 ^50 + 25 + 50h
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012 ]
= 2 # 125 = 250 cm2.
Here diameter of hemisphere is equal to the side of
cubical block which is 7 cm.
Diameter of hemisphere = Side of cubical block 42. If the total surface area of a solid hemisphere
is 462 cm2, find its volume. Use p = 227
2r = 7 & r = 7 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
2
Surface area of solid Total surface area of hemisphere,
= Surface area of the cube 3pr2 = 462 cm2
- Area of base of hemisphere 22r2 = 462
7 3
+ curved surface area of hemisphere
= 6l2 - pr2 + 2pr2 r2 = 462 # 7 = 49
22 # 3
= 6l2 + pr2
r = 7 cm.
= 6 # 72 + 22 # b 7 l
2
Volume of hemisphere,
7 2
2 pr 3 = 2 22 7 7 7
= 6 # 49 + 77 = 332.5 cm2 3 3# 7 # # #
2
40. A glass cylinder with diameter 20 cm has water to a = 2156 = 718.67 cm3.
3
height of 9 cm. A metal cube of 8 cm edge is immersed
in it completely. Calculate the height by which water 43. A solid metallic of dimensions 9m # 8 m # 2 m is
will rise in the cylinder. Use p = 227 melted and recast into solid cubes of edge 2 m. Find
the number of cubes so formed.
OR
A cylinder glass tube with radius 10 cm has water
upto a height of 9 cm. A metal cube of 8 cm edge is Volume of cuboid = 9 # 8 # 2 cm3
immersed in it completely. By how much the water
Volume of cube = 23 cm3
will rise in the glass tube. Use p = 227
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Let number of recast cubes be n .

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Volume of n cubes =Volume of cuboid cloth. Let x meter of cloth is required

n23 = 9 # 8 # 2 5x = 550 or, x = 550 = 110 m.
5
n#2#2#2 = 9#8#2
Thus 110 m of cloth is required.
n = 9 # 8 # 2 = 18
2#2#2 Cost of cloth = 25 # 110 = Rs.2750 .
Hence, number of cubes recast is 18. 46. Find the number of plates, 1.5 cm in diameter and
0.2 cm thick, that can be fitted completely inside a
44. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and right circular of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.
diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the same height Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the volume
of the remaining solid to the nearest cm3. Use p = 227 As per question we can arrange circular plate in right
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] circular as follows. Here smaller circle is plate of 1.5
cm diameter and large circle is cylinder of 4.5 cm
As per question the figure is shown below. diameter.
From figure it may be easily seen that 6 plate will be

fitted in cylinder in one layer.
Height of six plate is 0.2 cm. Total height of cylinder
is 10 cm. Thus layer of plate in cylinder is 010.2 = 50
Volume of remaining solid is difference of volume of layer. Thus total plate 50 # 6 = 300
cylinder and volume of cone.
47. A solid metallic cylinder of radius 3.5 cm and height
pr 2 h - 1 pr 2 h = 2 pr 2 h 14 cm melted and recast into a number of small solid
3 3
metallic ball, each of radius 127 cm. Find the number
= 2 # 22 # ^0.7h2 # 2.4 of balls so formed.
3 7
= 44 # 0.1 # 0.7 # 0.8 Let the number of recasted balls be N .

= 4.4 # .56 = 2.464 cm3. Radius of cylinder R = 3.5 cm
45. A 5 m wide cloth is used to make a conical tent of Height of cylinder h = 14 cm

base diameter 14 m and height 24 m. Find the cost of
cloth used at the rate of Rs.25 per meter. Radius of recasted ball r = 7
12
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014, Delhi 2014]
Volume of balls = Volume of cylinder
We have radius r = 7 m and height h = 24 m
n 4 pr 3 = pR 2 h
3
Slant height of tent,
n # 4 # 7 # 7 # 7 = 3.5 # 3.5 # 14
l = r2 + h2 = 72 + 242 3 12 12 12
= 625 = 25 m. n = 3.5 # 3.5 # 14 # 3 # 12 # 12 # 12

4#7#7#7
Curved surface area of cone,
= 0.5 # 0.5 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 12 # 12
prl = 22 # 7 # 25 = 550 m2
7 = 648
Curves surface area of tent will be required area of
Hence, number of recasted balls is 648. 4r13 = 36 # 24
48. A sphere of diameter 6 cm is dropped in a right r13 = 63 & r1 = 6 cm

circular cylindrical vessel partly filled with water. Hence, radius of sphere is 6 cm.
The diameter of the cylindrical vessel is 12 cm. If
the sphere is completely submerged in water, by how 51. A metallic sphere of total volume p is melted and
much will the level of water rise in the cylindrical recast into the shape of a right circular cylinder of
vessel ? radius 0.5 cm. What is the height of cylinder ?
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
Radius of sphere 6
2 = 3 cm Volume of cylinder = Volume of sphere,
Radius of cylinder vessel 12
2 = 6 cm pr 2 h = p
Let the level of water rise in cylinder be h .
where r and h are radius of base and height of cylinder
3
Volume of sphere = 4 pr3 = 4p3
3 3 ^0.5h2 h = 1
= 4p32 = 36p cm3 0.25h = 1 & h = 4 cm.
Volume of sphere = Increase volume in cylinder 52. A metallic solid sphere of radius 4.2 cm is melted and
recast into the shape of a solid cylinder of radius 6 cm.
36p = p ^6 h2 h Find the height of the cylinder.
36p = p# 6 # 6 # h Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
h = 1 cm Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder

Thus level of water rise in vessel is 1 cm. 4p R 3 = p r 2 h
3
49. Find the number of coins of 1.5 cm diameter and
4p
3 #^ h
0.2 cm thickness to be melted to form a right circular 4.2 3 = p62 # h
cylinder of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.
Ans :
h = 4 # 4.2 # 4.2 # 4.2
[Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
3#6#6
Volume of of any cylinder shape is pr2 h .
Hence, height of cylinder is h = 2.744 cm.
Volume of coin = p ^0.75h2 # 0.2 cm3
Volume of cylinder = p ^2.25h2 # 10 cm3 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
Volume of cylinder
No. of coins =
Volume of coin
53. From a solid cylinder whose height is 15 cm and the
p ^2.25h2 # 10 ^3 h2 # 10 diameter is 16 cm, a conical cavity of the same height
= =
p ^0.75h # 0.2
2 0.2 and same diameter is hollowed out, Find the total
surface area of remaining solid. (Given your answer in
= 450 terms of p ).
Ans : [Board 2010]
50. A cone of height 24 cm and radius of base 6 cm is
made up of clay. If we reshape it into a sphere, find Height of cylinder, h = 15 cm
the radius of sphere.
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] Radius of cylinder, r = 16 = 8 cm
2
Volume of sphere =Volume of cone Radius of base of cone, r = 8 cm
4 pr 3 = 1 pr 2 h
3 1 3 2 Let slant height of cone be l , then we have
4 r 3 = 6 2 24 l = r2 + h2 = 82 + 152
3# 1 ^ h# 3
= 64 + 225 = 289

Thus l = 17 cm = 1 (4pr2) = 2pr2

2
TSA of reaming solid
= Top area of cylinder+ Slant height of a cone,
+ CSA of cylinder + CSA of conical vanity l = r2 + h2
2
= pr + 2prh + prl Curved surface area of a cone = prl
= pr (r + 2h + l) = pr h 2 + r 2
= p # 8 (3 + 2 # 15 + 17) Since curved surface areas of the hemispherical part

and the conical part are equal,
= p # 8 # 55 = 440p
2p r 2 = p r h 2 + r 2
TSA of reaming solid is 440p .
2r = h2 + r2
54. The volume of a right circular with its height equal to Squaring both of the sides, we have
the radius is 25 71 cm3 . Find the height of the cylinder.
4r2 = h2 + r2
Ûse p = 7 h
22
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 4r2 - r2 = h2

Let r be the radius of base of cylinder and h be 3r2 = h2
height.
r2 = 1
Volume of a right circular cylinder = 25 1 cm h2 3
7
r = 1
pr h = 176
2 h 3
7
Hence, the ratio of the radius and the height is 1 : 3
22 h2 h = 176
7 # # 7 56. From a solid right circular cylinder of height 14 cm
and base radius 6 cm, a right circular cone of same
h3 = 176 = 8 = 23 . height and same base removed. Find the volume of
22
the remaining solid.
Hence, height of the cylinder = 2 cm. Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Let h and r be the height and radius of cylinder and

55. A solid is in the shape of a cone mounted on a
cone.
hemisphere of same base radius. If the curved surface
areas of the hemispherical part and the conical part Height, h = 14 cm
are equal, then find the ratio of the radius and the
height of the conical part. and radius, r = 6 cm
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] Volume of the remaining solid,
Let ABC be a cone, which is mounted on a hemisphere. Vremain = Vcylinder - Vcone
= pr 2 h - 1 pr 2 h
3
2
= pr h 2
3
= 2 # 22 # 6 # 6 # 14
3 7
= 1056 cm2
57. A solid is in the shape of a hemisphere surmounted by

a cone. If the radius of hemisphere and base radius of
cone find the volume of the solid. ^Take p = 227 h
We have OC = OD = r Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Curved surface area of the hemispherical part As per given information in question we have drawn
the figure below, = 2 # 22 # 3.5 # 10

7
= 220 cm2
Surface area of two hemispherical scoops
= 4 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5
7
= 154 cm2
Total surface area of article = 220 + 154 = 374 cm2
59. Water in a canal, 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep, is flowing

with a speed of 10 km/hour. How much area will
Here, radius r = 7 cm it irrigate in 30 minutes; if 8 cm standing water is
needed?
and height of a cone = 3.5 cm Ans : [Board 2020 OD STD, 2019 Delhi]
Volume of the solid, Canal is the shape of cuboid where
= Volume of hemisphere + volume of a cone Breadth = 6 m
= 2 pr 3 + 1 pr 2 h Depth = 1.5 m
3 3
and speed of water = 10 km/hr
= 2 # 22 # 73 + 1 # 22 # 73 # 3.5 Length of water moved in 60 minutes i.e. 1 hour
3 7 3 7
= 10 km
= 1 (2156 + 539)
3 Length of water moved in 30 minutes i.e. 1
2 hours,
= 1 # 2695 = 1 # 10 = 5 km = 5000 m
3 2
Now, volume of water moved from canal in 30 minutes
= 898.33 cm3 .
= Length # Breadth # Depth
58. A wooden article was made by scooping out a
hemisphere from each end of a solid cylinder, as = 5000 # 6 # 1.5 m3
shown in Figure. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm Volume of flowing water in canal
and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find the total surface = volume of water in area irrigated
area of the article.
5000 # 6 # 1.5m3 = Area Irrigated # 8 cm
5000 # 6 # 1.5m3 = Area Irrigated # 8 m

100
Area Irrigated = 5000 # 6 # 1.5 # 100 m2

8
= 5.625 # 105 m2
60. A right circular cone of radius 3 cm, has a curved

surface area of 47.1 cm2. Find the volume of the cone.
(Use p = 3.14 )
Ans : [Board 2018] Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
Total surface Area of article
We have r = 3, prl = 47.1
= CSA of cylinder + CSA of 2 hemispheres
Thus l = 47.1 = 5
CSA of cylinder = 2prh 3 # 3.14

h = 52 - 32 = 4 cm Height of cylinder = 2.1 m
Volume of cone, Radius of cylinder = radius of cone = 3 m

2
1 pr2 h = 1 3.14 3 3 4
3 3# # # # Slant height of cone = 2.8 m
= 37.68 cm3 Surface area of tent,
61. The sum of the radius of base and height of a solid = C.S.A of cone + C.S.Aof cylinder.
right circular cylinder is 37 cm. If the total surface = prl + 2prh = pr (l + 2h)
area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find the
volume of the cylinder. p = 227 Thus pr (l + 2h) = 22 # 3 ^2.8 + 2 # 2.1h
7 2
= 33 # 7 = 33 m2
7
We have r + h = 37 (1)
Total Cost = 33 # 500
and 2pr ^r + h h = 1628 (2)
= 16, 500Rs
Thus 2pr # 37 = 1628
63. A cubical block of side 10 cm is surmounted by a
2pr = 1628 & r = 7 cm hemisphere. What is the largest diameter that the
37 hemisphere can have ? Find the cost of painting the
Substituting r = 7 in (1) we have total surface area of the solid so formed, at the rate of
Rs.5 per 100 sq. cm. Use p = 3.14 .
h = 30 cm. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
Here volume of cylinder As per question the figure is shown below.
pr2 h = 22 # 7 # 7 # 30 = 4620 cm3

7
62. A tent is in the shape of cylinder surmounted by a

conical top of same diameter. If the height and
diameter of cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 3 m
respectively and the slant height of conical part is
2.8 m, find the cost of canvas needed to make the tent
if the canvas is available at the rate of Rs.500 per
square meter. Use p = 227 .
Side of given cube a = 10 cm

Area of cube(excluding base)
A1 = area of 4 walls + area of Top
= 4a2 + a2 = 5a2 = 5 ^10h2 = 500 cm2
Area of canvas required will be surface area of tent. Let r be the largest radius of hemisphere. From fig.
(ii) we have
4ABCD , in the square of side 10 cm. Volume of bottles = volume in liquid after wastage
In TABC, +B = 90 p # ^3 h2 # h # 72 = 2 p # ^18h2 # 90
3 100
From Pythagoras theorem we have
2
3 p # ^18h2 # 100
90
2
AC = AB + BC 2 2 h =
p # ^3 h2 # 72
^2r h2 = ^10h2 + ^10h2 Hence, the height of bottle = 5.4 cm
2
4r = 200 cm 2
65. A metallic cylinder has radius 3 cm and height 5 cm.
r = 200 = 5 2 To reduce its weights, a conical hole is drilled in the
4 cm
cylinder. The conical hole has a radius of 32 cm and its
Hence, the required diameter of hemisphere depth 89 cm. calculate the ratio of the volume of metal
left in the cylinder to the volume of metal taken out
d = 2r = 2 # 5 2 = 10 2 cm
in conical shape.
Now, area of unshaded part in fig (ii) Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
A2 = area of circle- area of square ABCD Volume of cylinder,

= pr - â h = 8p # 50 - ^10h B
2 2 2
pr2 h = p ^3 h2 # 5
= ^157 - 100h = 57 cm2 = 45p cm3
Now, Total surface area of solid Volume of conical hole,
2
A = A1 + A2 + 2pr 1 pr2 h = 1 p 3 2 8 = 2 p cm3
3 3 b2l # 9 3
= 6500 + 57 + 2 # 3.14 # 50@
= 871 cm2 Metal left in cylinder = 45p - 2 p = 133p
3 3
The cost of painting of solid p
133
Volume of metal left = 3
= 133 | 2 .
Volume of metal taken out 2
p
= b 871 # 5 l = 43.55 Rs 3
100
Hence required ratio is 133 | 2
64. A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm
contains liquid is filled into 72 cylindrical bottles of 66. A solid right-circular cone of height 60 cm and radius
diameter 6 cm. Find the height of the each bottle, if 30 cm is dropped in a right-circular cylinder full of
10% liquid is wasted in this transfer. water of height 180 cm and radius 60 cm. Find the
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] volume of water left in the cylinder in cubic metre.
Use p = 227 .
Volume of the hemispherical bowl of internal diameter
36 cm will be equal to the 72 cylindrical bottles of Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
diameter 6 cm.
Volume of water in cylinder is equal to the volume of
Volume of bowl = 2 pr3 cylinder. Thus
3
Volume of water in cylinder = Volume of cylinder
= 2 p # ^18h3 cm3 pr2 h = p ^60h2 # 180
3
Volume of liquid in bowl is equal to the volume of = 648000p cm3
bowl. Water displaced on dropping cone is equal to the
volume of solid cone, which is
Volume of liquid after wastage = 2 p ^18h3 # 90 cm3
3 100 1 pr 2 h = 1 p
3 #^ h #
30 2 60
2
3
Volume of one bottle = pr h
Volume of liquid in 72 bottles = 18000p cm3
= p # ^3 h2 # h # 72 cm2 Volume of water left in cylinder

= Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone = 22 # 210 # ^25 - 9h

7
= 648000p - 18000p = 630000p cm3
= 22 # 210 # 16
= 630000 # 22 m3 = 1.98 m3 7
1000000 # 7
67. The rain water from 22m # 20 m roof drains into = 10560 cm3.
cylindrical vessel of diameter 2 m and height 3.5 m.
69. A glass is in the shape of a cylinder of radius 7 cm
If the rain water collected from the roof fills 45th of
and height 10 cm. Find the volume of juice in litre
cylindrical vessel then find the rainfall in cm.
required to fill 6 such glasses. Use p = 227
Let h be the rainfall.
Volume of water collected in cylindrical vessel, Radius of the glass r = 7 cm
4 pr 2 h = 4 p 7 m3 Height of the glass h = 10 cm
5 # #^ h #b2l
12
5
Volume of 1 glass,
= 44 m3
5 pr2 h = 22 # 7 # 7 # 10
7
Rain water from roof = 22 # 20 # h m3
= 1540 cm3
Now 22 # 20 # h = 44 Volume of juice to fill 6 glasses,
5
6pr2 h = 6 # 1540 = 9240 cm3
h = 44 # 1 = 1 m3
5 22 # 20 50
Volume in litre = 9240 = 9.240 litre.
1000
= 1 # 100 = 2 cm
50 70. The largest possible sphere is carved out of a wooden
68. A hollow cylindrical pipe is made up of copper. It is solid cube of side 7 cm. Find the volume of the wood
21 dm long. The outer and inner diameters of the pipe left. Use p = 227
are 10 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the volume of Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014]
copper used in making the pipe.
The diameter of the largest possible sphere is the side
of the cube.
Volume of copper used in making the pipe is equal to Side of cube a = 7 cm
the difference of volume of external cylinder and
volume of internal cylinder. Thus radius of sphere r = 7 cm.
Height of cylindrical pipe, 2
Volume of the wood left,
h = 21 dm = 210 cm
Vcube - Vsphere = a3 - 4 pr3
External Radius, R = 10 = 5 cm 3
2
= 73 - 4 # 22 # b 7 l
3
Internal Radius, r = 6 = 3 cm 3 7 2
2
= 73 ;1 - 4 # 22 # b 1 l E
3
Volume of copper used in making the pipe
3 7 2
= (Volume of External Cylinder)
= 73 :1 - 4 # 22 # 1 D
- (Volume of Internal Cylinder) 3 7 8
= pR 2 h - p r 2 h = 73 :1 - 11D
21
= ph ^R2 - h2h
= 73 # 10 = 490
= 22 # 210 # ^52 - 32h 21 3
7
Hence, volume of wood = 163.3 cm3.
71. A girl empties a cylindrical bucket, full of sand, of = pr 2 h - 2 # 2 p r 3

radius 18 cm and height 32 cm, on the floor to form a 3
conical heap of sand. If the height of this conical heap
is 24 cm, then find its slant height correct upto one = pr2 :h - 4r D
3
place of decimal.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] = 22 # ^3.5h2 :10 - 4 # 3.5D
7 3
Here volume of cone is equal to the volume of cylinder.
= 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 # : 30 - 4 # 3.5 D
Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the cylinder and cone 7 3
respectively.
= 22 # 0.5 # 3.5 # 16
Volume of cone = Volume of Cylinder 3
1 pr 2 h = pr h 2 = 204.05 cm3.
3 2 1
1 r 2 24 = 18 18 32 73. A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl

3# 2 # # # surmounted by a hollow cylinder of same diameter.
The diameter of the hemispherical bowl is 14 cm and
r22 = 3 # 18 # 18 # 32 the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the total
24 surface area of the vessel. Use p = 227
r22 = 1296 & r2 = 36 cm Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013]
Radius of cone r2 = 36 cm As per question the figure is shown below.
Now, slant height of cone
l = h2 + r2 = 242 + 362
= 576 + 1296
= 43.2 cm.
72. A wooden toy was made by scooping out a hemisphere

of same radius from each end of a solid cylinder. If
the height of the cylinder is 10 cm, and its base is of
radius 3.5 cm, find the volume of wood in the toy. Use
p = 227
As per question the figure is shown below. Radius of hemisphere r = 14 = 7 cm

2
Height of cylinder h = 13 - 7 = 6 cm
Total slanted area of cylinder,
= S.A of hemisphere +S.A. of cylinder
= 2pr2 + 2prh
= 2pr ^r + h h
= 2 # 22 # 7 # ^7 + 6h
7
Here radius of toy is equal to the radius of cylinder = 44 # 13 = 572 cm2

which is 3.5 cm.
74. The radii of two right circular cylinders are in the
Radius of toy = radius of cylinder = 3.5 cm
ratio of 2 | 3 and their height are in the ratio of
Vol. of toy = Vol. of cylinder- 2 # Vol. of hemisphere 5 | 4 . Calculate the ratio of their curved surface area

and radio of their volumes. + Curved surface area of cone

= 2pr2 + prl
Let the radii of two cylinders be 2r and 3r
= pr ^2r + l h
and their heights be 5h and 4h respectively.
Ratio of their curved surface areas, = 22 # 3.5 # ^2 # 3.5 + 12.5h
7
= 2p # 2r # 5h = 5
2p # 3r # 4h 6 = 11 # 19.5 = 214.5 cm2
Thus their curved surface areas are in the ratio of
5 | 6. 76. Water is flowing at 7 m/s through a circular pipe of
internal diameter of 4 cm into a cylindrical tank, the
Ratio of their volumes, radius of whose base is 40 cm. Find the increase in
p # ^2r h2 # 5h water level in 30 minutes.
= = 5#4 = 5 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012]
2p # 3r # 4h 4#9 9
Hence, their volumes are in the ratio of 5 | 9 and Length of water that flows in 1 sec is 7 m or 700 cm.
their C.SA are in the ratio of 5 | 6 . Radius of pipe is 4 = 2 cm.
2
75. A toy is in the form of a cone radius 3.5 cm mounted Thus volume of water in 1 second,
on a hemisphere of same radius. If the total height of = p # ^2 h2 # 700 cm3
the toy is 15.5 cm, find the total surface area of the
Volume of water in 30 minutes,
toy. Use p = 227 [Board OD 2020 Basic]
or = p # ^2 h2 # 700 # 60 # 30 cm3
A toy is in the form of a cone surmounted on a Let h be height of water in tank. Radius of tank is
hemisphere of common base of diameter 7 cm. If the 40 cm.
height of the toy is 15.5 cm, find the total surface area Volume of water in the tank,
of the toy. Use p = 227
p402 # h = p # 4 # 700 # 60 # 30
As per question the figure is shown below. Here total h = 700 # 60 # 30 # 4 = 3150 cm
40 # 40
surface area of the toy is equal to the sum of surface
area of hemisphere and curved surface area of cone. Hence, water level increased is 3150 cm or 31.5 m.
77. A metallic solid sphere of radius 10.5 cm melted and

recasted into smaller solid cones each of radius 3.5 cm
and height 3 cm. How may cones will be made ?
Radius of given sphere R = 10.5 cm

Volume of sphere,
4 pR3 = 4 p (10.5) 3 cm3
3 3
Radius of one recasted cone,
Radius r = 7 = 3.5 cm r = 3.5 cm
2
and height h = 12 cm Height h = 3 cm
Volume 1 pr2 h = 1 p (3.5) 2 3 = p (3.5) 2 cm3

Slant height of cone, 3 3 #
l = r2 + h2 = 3.52 + 122 = 12.5 Let the number of recasted cones be n . Volume of

sphere is equal to the n recasted cone.
Total surface area of the toy
np (3.5) 2 = 4 p (10.5) 3
= Surface area of hemisphere + 3
6#6#h = 4 #3#3#3
3
(10.5)
n =4 = 4 # 10.5 # b 10.5 l
2
3 (3.5) 2 3 3.5 3
6#6#h = 4#3#3
= 4 # 10.5 # (3) 3
3
= 4 # 10.5 # 3 = 126 h = 4 # 3 # 3 = 1 cm
6#6
Hence, number of recasted cones is 126. Hence the water level rises is 1 cm.
78. A solid metallic sphere of diameter 16 cm is melted 80. A conical vessel, with base radius 5 cm height 24 cm,
and recasted into smaller solid cones, each of radius is full of water. This water emptied into a cylindrical
4 cm and height 8 cm. Find the number of cones so vessel, of base radius 10 cm. Find the height to which
formed. the water will rise in the cylindrical vessel. Use p = 227
Radius of given sphere R = 16 = 8 cm Here radius and height of conical vessel are 5 cm and
2 24 cm.
Volume of sphere,
Volume of cone = 1 pr2 h
4 pR3 = 4 p (8) 3 cm3 3
3 3
= 1 p # 2.5 # 24
Radius of one recasted cone, 3
When water is emptied into cylindrical vessel, water
r = 4 cm
will rise in cylindrical vessel. Let rise in height be h .
Height h = 8 cm Volume of water raised = pr2 h . This volume is equal
to the volume of cone.
Volume 1 pr2 h = 1 p (4) 2 8
3 3 #
Thus p # (10) 2 # h = 1 p # 25 # 24
3
Let the number of recasted cones be n . Volume of
sphere is equal to the n recasted cone. 100h = 25 # 8
n # 1 p (4) 2 # 8 = 4 p (8) 3 h = 2 cm
3 3
4 # (8) 3 2 81. Water is flowing at the rate of 0.7 m/sec through a

n = = 8 = 64 = 16 circular pipe whose internal diameter is 2 cm into a
(4) 2 # 8 4 4
cylindrical tank, the radius of whose base is 40 cm.
Hence, number of recasted cones is 16. Determine the increase in the level of water in half
hour.
79. A solid sphere of diameter 6 cm is dropped in a right Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
circular cylindrical vessel partly filled with water.
The diameter of the cylindrical vessel is 12 cm. If the Length of water that flows in 1 sec is 0.7 m or 70 cm.
sphere is completely submerged into water, by how Radius of pipe is 2 = 1 cm.
much will the level of water rise in the cylindrical 2
vessel ? Volume of water in 1 second,
Ans : = p # ^1 h2 # 70 = 70p cm3
Let h be the rise in level of water. Volume of water in 30 minutes,
Radius of sphere = 3 cm. = 70p # 60 # 30 cm3
Let h be height of water in tank. Radius of tank is
Radius of cylinder = 12 = 6 cm
2 40 cm.
Volume of water displaced in cylinder will be equal to Volume of water in the tank,
the volume of sphere. p402 # h = 70p # 60 # 30
p (6) 2 h = 4p (3) 3 h = 70 # 60 # 30 = 78.75 cm

3 40 # 40

82. A well of diameter 4 m dug 21 m deep. The earth For cone, height h = 2 # d = 2 # 2r = 4r
taken out of it has been spread evenly all around it Volume of cone,
in the shape of a circular ring of width 3 m to form
an embankment. Find the height of the embankment. 1 pr2 h = 1 pr2 4r = 4 pr3
3 3 # 3
Volume of hemisphere = 2 pr3

Radius of earth dug out r =4=2 m 3
2
Total volume of cone and hemisphere
Depth of the earth d = 21,
= 4 p r 3 + 2 p r 3 = 6 p r 3 = 2p r 3
3 3 3
Volume of earth pr2 d = 22 # (2) 2 # 21
7 According to question,
= 22 # 4 # 3 = 264 m 2 2pr3 = 54p
Width of embankment = 3 m r3 = 27 & r = 3
Outer radius of ring = 2 + 3 = 5 m Hence diameter of conical part of ice-cream cones,
Let the height of embankment be h . = 2r = 2 # 3 = 6 cm.

Volume of embankment,
84. A hemispherical tank, of diameter 3 m, is full of water.
p ^R - r h2 h = 264 It is being emptied by a pipe at the rate of 3 74 litre
per second. How much time will it take to make the
22
7 #^
52 - 22h # h = 264 tank half empty ? Use p = 227
22
7 #^
25 - 4h # h = 264
Radius r =3 m
2
22 21 h = 264
7 # # Volume of hemispherical tank,
V = 2 pr3 = 2 p b 3 l m3
3
22 # 3 # h = 264 3 3 2
h = 264 # 7 = 4
22 # 21 = 2 # 22 # 27 m3
3 7 8
Height of embankment is 4 m.
= 11 # 9 = 99 m3
7 2 14
83. A cylindrical tub, whose diameter is 12 cm and height
15 cm is full of ice-cream. The whole ice-cream is to Since 1 m3 = 1000 litre, we have
be divided into 10 children in equal ice-cream cones,
with conical base surmounted by hemispherical top. V = 99 # 1000 litre
14
If the height of conical portion is twice the diameter
of base, find the diameter of conical part of ice-cream Volume of half of the hemisphere
cones. V =1 99 1000 Litres
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016] 2 2 # 14 #
For cylindrical tub, Let time taken for this volume to flow out be t . Then
according to question,
Radius R = 12 = 6 cm
2 3 4 t = 1 # 99 # 1000
7 2 14
Height H = 15 cm.
25t = 1 99 1000
Volume pR2 H = p ^6 h2 # 15 = 540p cm3 7 2 # 14 #
Each child will get the ice-cream 540p cm3 t = 7 # 1 # 99 # 1000

10 25 2 14
= 54p cm3 = 990 sec = 16 minutes 30 sec.
85. 504 cones, each of diameter 3.5 cm and height 3 cm, p # r2 # 32 = 4 p # 63 cm

are melted and recast into a metallic sphere. Find the 9 3
diameter of the sphere and hence find its surface area.
Use p = 227 r2 = 216 # 3 # 4 = 27 # 3 # 4
32 4
r2 = 27 # 3 = 81 & r = 9 cm
Volume of single cone,
Diameter 2r = 2 # 9 = 18 cm.
Vcone = 1 pr2 h = p # b 3.5 l # 3
2
3 3 2
87. The 34 th part of a conical vessel of internal radius
Volume of recast sphere, 5 cm and height 24 cm is full of water. The water
emptied into a cylindrical vessel with internal radius
Vsphere = 4 pr3
3 10 cm. Find the height of water in cylindrical vessel.
Volume of sphere is equal to the volume of 504 cones. Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017]
Thus Vsphere = 504Vcone Radius of conical vessel = 5 cm

4p r3 = 504 p 3.5 2
3 # # 3 #b 2 l # 3 Height of conical vessel = 24 cm
Volume of this vessel, = p # ^5 h2 # 24

4r3 = 504 # 7 # 7 # 3 3
4 4
= 200p cm3
r = 126 # 7 # 7 # 3
3
4 4 Internal radius of cylindrical vessel = 10
Let the h be the height of emptied water.
= 7#9#2#7 #7 #3
4 4 Volume of water in cylinder,
= 3#3#7 #7 #7 #3 pr2 h = 3 # Volume of cone

2 2 2 4
r = 3 # 7 = 10.5 cm p # 10 # 10 # h = 3 # 200p
2 4
Thus diameter is 21 cm. 100h = 150 & h = 1.5 cm

Hence the height of water is 1.5 cm.
Surface area 4pr2 = 4 # 22 # 10.5 # 10.5
7
88. Rampal decided to donate canvas for 10 tents conical
= 1386 cm2 in shape with base diameter 14 m and height 24 m
to a centre for handicapped person’s welfare. If the
86. A sphere of diameter 12 cm, is dropped in a right cost of 2 m wide canvas is Rs. 40 per meter, find the
circular cylindrical vessel, partly filled with water. amount by which Rampal helped the money.
If the sphere is completely submerged in water, the
water level into the cylindrical vessel rises by 3 5 cm.
9
Find the diameter of the cylindrical vessel. Radius of tent r = 14 = 7 m
2
Height h = 24 m
Radius of sphere = 12 = 6 cm
2
Slant height l = r2 + h2
Volume = 4 p # 63 cm3 = 72 + 242
3
It is submerged into water, in cylindrical vessel, then = 49 + 576 = 25 m
water level rise by 3 59 = 329 cm. Volume of submerged Surface area of the tent,
sphere is equal to the volume of water rise in cylinder.
prl = prl
Volume submerged = Volume rise
= 22 # 7 # 25 = 550 m2
Let r be radius of cylinder. Therefore 7

Surface area of 10 tents, = 54 # 18 # 250 # 40 m3

60
= 550 # 10 = 5500
= 54 # 6 # 500 m3
Total cost = 5500 # 40 = 110000 Let A be the irrigated area then volume of water in
2
irrigated area is equal to the water flow.
Hence, Rampal helped the centre of 110000 Rs.
Thus A # 0.1 = 54 # 6 # 500
89. A cone of maximum size is curved out from a cube
edge 14 cm. Find the surface area of remaining solid A = 54 # 6 # 500 # 10
after the cone is curved out.
= 1620000 m3
If a cone of maximum size is curved out from a cube 91. From a solid cylinder whose height is 8 cm and radius
edge a , diameter and height of cone will be a 6 cm, a conical cavity of same height and same base
radius is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of
Side of cube a = 14 cm. the remaining solid. (Take p = 3.14 )
If cone of maximum size is curved out, Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt. 2017]
Height and radius of cylinder are equal to the height

Radius of cone r = 14 = 7 cm and radius of cone.
2
Height of cylinder = height of cone = 8 cm
Height of cone h = 7 cm
radius of cylinder = radius of cone = 6 cm
Slant height l = r2 + h2 = 72 + 142
Slant height of cone = r2 + h2
= 49 + 196 = 245
= 15.65 cm. = 62 + 82 = 36 + 64
Total surface area, = 10 cm

Total surface area of remaining solid,
= Surface area cube + curved Surface area of cone
= CSA of cylinder+
- Circular area of base of cone
+ CSA of cone + area of top
= 6a2 + prl - pr2
= 2prh + prl + pr2
= 6 # 14 # 14 + 22 # 7 # 15.65 - 22 # 7 # 7
7 7 = pr ^2h + l + r h
= 1176 + 622 ^15.65 - 7h@ = 22 # 6 ^2 # 8 + 10 + 6h

7
= 1176 # 22 # 8.65
= 22 # 6 # 32
= 223792.8 cm2 7
90. Water in a canal, 5.4 m wide and 1.8 m deep, is flowing = 603.43
with a speed of 25 km/hour. How much area can it Hence total surface area is 603.43 cm2.
irrigate in 40 minutes, if 10 cm of standing water is
required for irrigation ? 92. From a solid cylinder of height 24 cm and diameter
Ans : 14 cm, a conical cavity of the same height and same
diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area
Water flow in 1 hour, of the remaining solid.
= Area of cross-section # Speed of water Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
= 5.4 # 1.8 # 25000 m3 Height and radius of cylinder are equal to the height
and radius of cone.
= 54 # 18 # 250 m3
Height of cylinder = height of the cone = 24 cm
Water flow in 40 minutes,
radius of cylinder = radius of cone = 14 = 7 cm
2
r =2
Slant height of cone = 2
r +h 2 R 3
= 72 + 242 r = 2 =2
R-r 3-2 1
= 49 + 576 = 25 cm
R-r = 1
Total surface area of remaining part r 2
= Surface area of cylinder+ 95. A solid cylinder of diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm

is melted and recast into toys in the shape of a cone
+ Surface area of cone + area of top
of radius 3 cm and height 9 cm. Find the number of
= 2prh + prl + pr2 toys formed so.
= pr ^2h + l + r h
Height of cylinder, H = 15 cm
= 22 # 7 ^2 # 24 + 25 + 7h
7
Radius of cylinder, R = 12 = 6 cm
2
= 22 # 80
= 1760 cm2
Radius of cone r = 3 cm
Height h = 9 cm
93. From a rectangular block of wood, having dimensions
15 cm # 10 cm # 3.5 cm, a pen stand is made by Let the number of toys recast be n .
making four conical depressions. The radius of each
one of the depression is 0.5 cm and the depth 2.1 cm. Volume of n conical toys = Volume of cylinder
Find the volume of wood left in the pen stand.
n # 1 pr 2 h = p R 2 H
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017] 3
Volume of cuboidal block n # 1 # 3 # 3 # 9 = 6 # 6 # 15

3
l # b # h = 15 # 10 # 3.5 = 525 cm3
n = 6 # 6 # 15 = 20
Volume of one cone 3#9
1 pr 2 h = 1 22 0.5 0.5 2.1 cm3 Hence the number of toys is 20.
3 3# 7 # # #
= 0.55 cm3 96. Water in a canal 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep is flowing
with a speed of 10 km/h. How much area in hectare
Volume of 4 cones will it irrigate in 30 minutes if 8 cm of standing water
2
is needed ?
4 # pr h = 0.55 # 4 = 2.2 cm3
3 Ans : [Board Term-2 2012, Delhi 2014]
Volume of wood remaining in pen stand
Water flow in 1 hour,
= 525 - 2.2 = 522.80 cm3
= Area of cross-section # Speed of water
= 6 # 1.5 # 10000 m3
94. The ratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8 | 27 . If
r and R are the radii of sphere respectively, then find = 90000 m3
the ^R - r h | r .
Water flow in 40 minutes,
Ratio of volumes = 90000 # 30 m3

60
3
3 pr
4
Volume of 1 st sphere 8
= 3 = 27 = 45000 m3
Volume of 2 nd sphere 3 pR
4
Let A be the irrigated area then volume of water in

r3 = 8 irrigated area is equal to the water flow.
R3 27
Thus A # 0.08 = 45000

A = 45000 = 562500 m3 = pr 2 b h + 4 r l
0.08 3
= 56.25 hectare. = 22 # 7 # 7 :13 + 4 # 7 D

7 2 2 3 2
97. Find the volume of the largest solid right circular cone
that can be cut out off a solid cube of side 14 cm. = 77 b 53 l cm3
2 3
= 680.2 cm3
The base of cone is the largest circle that can be
inscribed in the face of the cube and the height will 99. The weight of two spheres of same metal are 1 kg and
be equal to edge of the cube. 7 kg. The radius of the smaller sphere is 3 cm. The
two spheres are melted to form a single big sphere.
Radius of cone, r = 14 = 7 cm
2 Find the diameter of the new sphere.
Height of cone, h = 14 cm
Weight of smaller sphere, W1 = 1 kg
Volume of cone, V = 1 pr 2 h
3
Weight of larger sphere, W2 = 7 kg
= 1 # 22 # 7 # 7 # 14 Radius of smaller sphere, r1 = 3 cm
3 7
= 2156 = 718.67 . Volume of smaller sphere, V1 = 4 pr3 = 4 p (3) 3

3 3 3
= 4 p (27) = 36p cm3

3
Now weight of recanted metal sphere
98. A solid is in the form of a cylinder with hemispherical = (1 + 7) kg = 8 kg

end. The total height of the solid is 20 cm and the Since, 1 kg metal sphere occupies 36p cm3 space.
diameter of the cylinder is 7 cm. Find the total volume Thus 8 kg metal sphere occupies 8 # 36p cm3 space.
of the solid. (Use p = 227 )
Let R be the radius of new sphere, then volume of
Ans : [Board 2019 OD] new 8 kg sphere is 43 pR3 .
As per given information in question we have drawn 4 pR3 = 36 8p cm3
Thus #
the figure given below. 3
R 3 = 36 # 2 # 3
R3 = 9 # 4 # 2 # 3 = 33 # 23
R = 2 # 3 = 6 cm
Diameter of new sphere
2R = 2 # 6 = 12 cm
Height of the cylinder,
100.A right cylindrical container of radius 6 cm and height
h = (20 - 7) cm = 13 cm 15 cm if full of ice-cream, which has to be distributed
to 10 children in equal cones having hemispherical
Radius of circular part, shape on the top. If the height of the conical portion
is four times its base radius, find the radius of the
r = 7 cm ice-cream cone.
2
Volume of solid, Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
= Volume of cylinder + 2 # Volume of hemisphere For cylindrical container R = 6 cm and H = 15 cm .

Volume of ice cream in the cylindrical container
V = pr2 h + 2 # b 2p r3 l
3
pR2 H = p (6) 2 # 15 = 36 # 15p Volume of embankment = Volume of earth taken out

As per given information in question we have drawn p 8^2 + r h2 - ^2 h2B # 0.4 = 176
the figure of cone as given below. Here r is the
common radius of cone and hemisphere.
p 64 + r2 + 4r - 4@ # 0.4 = 176
0.4 # 22 r2 + 4r = 176
7 ^ h
r2 + 4r = 176 # 7 = 140
0.4 # 22
r2 + 4r - 140 = 0
^r + 14h^r - 10h = 0 & r = 10

Hence width of embankment is 10 m.
Volume of each cone with hemispherical top 102.A hemispherical depression is cut from one face of a
1 pr2 h + 2 pr3 = 1 pr2 (h + 2r) cubical block, such that diameter l of hemisphere is
3 3 3 equal to the edge of cube. find the surface area of the
remaining solid.
= 1 pr2 (4r + 2r)
= 2p r 3
Let r be the radius of hemisphere.
Now, volume of ice-cream in container is equal to 10
cone of ice-cream. Now r =l
2
36 # 15p = 10 # 2px3
Now, the required surface area
r 3 = 36 # 15 = 27 = Surface area of cubical block +
20
- Area of base of hemisphere +
r = 3 cm
+ Curved surface area of hemisphere.
101.Hence, radius of the ice-cream cone is 3 cm A well of
diameter 4 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out is = 6 ^ l h2 - pr2 + 2pr2
spread evenly all around the well to form a 40 m high
= 6l2 - p b l l + 2p b l l
2 2
embankment. Find the width of the embankment. 2 2
= l2 b 6 - p + 2p l
Depth of well, d = 14 m, 4 4
Radius, r = 12 m. = l2 a6 + p k
4
Volume of earth taken out,
= l2 b 6 + 22 l
pr h = 22 # (2) 2 # 14
2 7#4
7
2
= l2 b 6 + 11 l = 95l
= 22 # 2 # 2 # 14 14 14
7
103.A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm
= 176 m3
from a canal into a cylindrical tank in his field, which
Let r be the width of embankment. The radius of is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows
outer circle of embankment through the pipe at the rate of 3 km/hr, in how much
= 2+r time will the tank be filled ?
Area of upper surface of embankment Ans : [Board Term-2 2012, Delhi 2015]
= p 8^2 + r h2 - ^2 h2B Radius of the tank R = 10 = 5 m

2

Water flow rate = 0.4 m/s = 40 cm/s

Depth of tank D =2 m Volume of water flowing through pipe in 1 sec.
Volume of tank V = pR D 2
pr2 h = p # ^1 h2 # 40 = 40p cm3
= p (5) 2 # 2 = 50p Volume of water flowing in 30 min ^30 # 60 sech
Radius of pipe r = 20 = 10 cm = 0.10 m = 40p # 30 # 60 = 72000p

2
Volume of water in cylindrical tank in 30 min,
Speed of the water is 3 km/hr.
Now pR2 H = p ^40h2 # H
Speed of water in minute,
p ^40h2 # H = 72000p
= 3000 = 50 m/min
60
40 # 40 # H = 72000p
Volume of water supplied in one minute
Rise in water level
pr2 h = p # 0.10 # 0.10 # 50
H = 72000 = 45 cm.
Time taken to fill the tank, 40 # 40
50p Thus level of water in the tank is 45 cm.
t = = 100
p # 0.10 # 0.10 # 50
106.Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km/hr through a
Hence time taken to fill the tank is 100 minutes. cylindrical pipe of diameter 14 cm into a cuboidal
pond which is 50 m long and 44 m wide. In what time
104.The internal and external diameters of a hollow the level of water in pond rise by 21 cm ?
hemispherical vessel are 16 cm and 12 cm respectively. Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012]
If the cost of painting 1 cm2 of the surface area is Rs.
5.00, find the total cost of painting the vessel all over.
Radius of pipe, r = 14 = 7 cm
(Use p = 3.14 ) 2
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] Cross section area of pipe,
As per question the figure is shown below.
pr2 = 22 # b 7 l
2
7 100
Speed of water flowing through the pipe
= 15 km/hr = 15000 m/hr
In an hour length of water = 15000 m
Here R = 8 cm, r = 6 cm Volume of water flowing from pipe in 1 hr,
pr2 h = 22 # b 7 l # 15000 m3
2
Surface area = 2pR2 + 2pr2 + p ^R2 - r2h
7 100
= p 82 # 82 + 2 # 62 + ^82 - 62hB Let t be time taken to fill the tank. Now total volume
= p 62 # 64 + 2 # 36 + ^64 - 36h@ of water flowing in time t ,
pr2 ht = 22 # b 7 l # 15000t
2
= p 6128 + 72 + 28@ 7 100
= 228 # 3.14 = 715.92 cm2 Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
Total cost = 715.92 # 5 = 3579.60 Rs pr2 ht = l # b # y
105.Water is flowing through a cylindrical pipe, of internal 22 7 2 1500t = 50 44 21
diameter 2 cm, into a cylindrical tank of base radius 7 # b 100 l # # # 100
40 cm, at the rate of 0.4 m/s. Determine the rise in
22 7 7 15000t = 50 # 44 # 21
level of water in the tank in half an hour. 7 # 100 # 100 # 100
22 7 7 15000t = 50 # 44 # 21
7 # 100 # 100 # 100
Radius of pipe r =2=1
2
22 # 7 # 150t = 50 # 44 # 21 Total height = 14 mm
t = 50 # 44 # 21 = 2 Height of cylinder = 14 - 2 # 2.5 = 9 mm

22 # 150 # 7
Radius of cylinder = 2.5 mm
Hence, time taken to fill the tank is 2 hours.
Radius of hemisphere = 2.5 mm
107.A toy is in the form of a cylinder of diameter 2 2 m
Volume of capsule = Volume of two hemispheres
and height 3.5 m surmounted by a cone whose vertical
angle is 90c. Find total surface area of the toy. + Volume of cylinder
= 2 # 2pr + pr2 h
As per question the figure is shown below. 3
= 4 pb 5 l + pb 5 l # 9
3 2
3 2 2
= pb 5 l b 4 # 5 + 9l
2
2 3 2
= 25p b 10 + 9 l
4 3
= 25 p b 10 + 27 l = 25 p : 37 D
4 3 4 3
= 25 # 22 # 37 = 10175 mm3
4 7 3 42
= 242.26 mm3.
Here +C = 90c and AC = BC = l 109.From each end of a solid metal cylinder, metal was
scooped out in hemispherical form of same diameter.
Thus AB2 = AC2 + BC2 The height of the cylinder is 10 cm and its base is of
= l2 + l2 = 2l2 radius 4.2 cm. The rest of the cylinder is melted and
converted into a cylindrical wire of 1.4 cm thickness.
^2 2 h = 2l2
2
Now Find the length of the wire. Use p = 227
Thus l = 2 and r = 2 m
Slant height of conical portion, l = 2 m
Total surface area of toy
2prh + pr2 + prl = pr 67 + 2 + 2@ m2
= p 2 69 + 2 @ m2
= p 62 + 9 2 @ m2
108.A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with

two hemisphere stuck to each of its ends, the length
of the entire capsule is 15 mm and the diameter of the
capsule is 5 mm. Find the Volume of the capsule.
Volume of cylinder,
As per question the figure is shown below. pR2 H = p ^4.2h2 # 10 cm3
Volume of metal scooped out ,

= 2 # Volume of hemisphere

= 2 # 2 # pr 3 = 4 pr 3 Height in 2nd vessel = 225.28 = 5.28 # 7 = 1.68 m

3 3 7 #1
22
= 4p ^4.2h3 111.A well diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The soil taken

3
out of it is spread evenly around it to a width of
Volume of rest of cylinder, 5 m. to form a embankment. Find the height of the
embankment.
= p ^4.2h2 # 10 - 4p ^4.2h3 cm3 Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2017]
3
The volume of soil taken out from the well,
= p ^4.2h2 b10 - 4 # 4.2 l cm3
3
p2 rh = p # b 3 l # 14 m3
2
2
= p ^4.2h2 ^10 - 5.6h cm3
= p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3 The radius of embankment with well
Now from rest volume a wire of thickness 1.4 cm = 3 + 5 = 13 m
i.e radius 0.7 cm is formed. Let l be length of wire. 5 2
Volume of wire and rest cylinder will be equal. Let the y be height of embankment. Then the volume
Volume of wire, of soil used in embankment,
p ^R2 - r2h y = pr2 h
pr2 l = p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3
p ^0.7h2 l = p ^4.2h2 # 4.4 cm3
p ;b 13 l - b 3 l E y = p # b 3 l # 14
2 2 2
2 2 2
l = 4.2 # 4.2 # 4.4 cm3
07 # 0.7 160 y = 3 3 14
4 2#2#
= 6 # 6 # 4.4
= 158.4 cm y = 3 # 3 # 14 = 0.7875 m
160
110.A milk tanker cylindrical in shape having diameter Hence the height of embankment is 78.75 cm.
2 m and length 4.2 m supplies milk to the two booths
in the ratio of 3 | 2 . One of the milk booths has 112.Water is flowing at the rate of 5 km/hour through
cuboidal vessel having base area 3.96 sq. m. and the a pipe of diameter 14 cm into a rectangular tank of
other has a cylindrical vessel having radius 1 m. Find dimensions 50 m # 44 m. Find the time in which the
the level of milk in each of the vessels. Use p = 227 level of water in the tank will rise by 7 cm.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2012] Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
Radius of milk tanker R =2=1 m Radius of pipe, r = 14 = 7 cm

2 2
Cross section area of pipe,
Length of mil tanker L 4.2 m
pr2 = 22 # b 7 l
2
Volume of milk tanker, 7 100
pR2 L = 22 # 1 # 4.2 = 13.2 m3 Speed of water flowing through the pipe

7
= 5 km/hr = 15000 m/hr
Supply of milk to booth I,
In an hour length of water = 5000 m
= 13.2 # 3 = 2.64 # 3 = 7.92 m3 Volume of water flowing from pipe in 1 hr,
5
pr2 h = 22 # b 7 l # 5000 m3
2
Supply of milk to booth II,
7 100
= 13.2 # 2 = 2.64 # 2 = 5.28 m3 Let t be time taken to fill the tank. Now total volume
5
of water flowing in time t ,
Height in 1sh vessel = 7.92 = 2 m pr2 ht = 22 # b 7 l # 5000t
2
3.96 7 100
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Volume of 150 spherical marbles = Volume of water rise

Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
150 # 4p # b 7 l = p # b 7 l # h
3 2
2
pr ht = l # b # y 3 10 2
22
b
7 2 500t = 50 44 7 150 # 4 # 7 # 7 # 7 = 7 # 7 # h
7 # 100 l # # # 100 3 10 10 10 2 2
22 7 7 5000t = 50 # 44 # 7 h = 4#7
7 # 100 # 100 # 100 5
22 # 50t = 50 # 44 28 = h & h = 5.6 cm

5
t = 50 # 44 = 2 Thus 5.6 cm will be rise in the level of water.
22 # 50
Hence, Time taken to fill the tank is 2 hours. 115.In fig., from a cuboidal solid metallic block of
dimensions 15 cm # 10 cm # 5 cm, a cylindrical hole
113.A decorative block, made up of two solids - a cube of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the surface area
and a hemisphere. The base of the block is a cube of of the remaining block. Use p = 227
side 6 cm and the hemisphere fixed on the top has a
diameter of 3.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015]
block. Use p = 227 .
Let a be the side of cube and r be the radius of

hemisphere. As per question the figure is shown below.
Surface area of block We have l = 15 cm,b = 10 cm, h = 5 cm, r = 7 cm

2
= 6a2 - pr2 + 2pr2 Total Surface area = 2 ^lb + bh + hl h + 2prh - 2pr2
= 6a2 + pr2 TSA of cuboidal block
= 6 # (6) 2 + 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 = 2 ^15 # 10 + 10 # 5 + 5 # 15h

7 2 2
= 550 cm2.
= 225.625 cm2.
Area of curved surface cylinder,
114.150 spherical marbles, each of diameter 1.4 cm,
are dropped in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 7 2prh = 2 # 22 # 7 # 5 = 110 cm2
7 2
cm containing some water, which are completely
immersed in water. Find the rise in the level of water Area of two circular bases = 2 # 22 # 7 # 7
in the vessel. 7 2 2
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2014] = 77 cm2
Radius of spherical marble r1 = 1.4 = 0.7 cm Required area = 550 + 110 - 77 = 583 cm3.
2
116.A right triangle whose sides are 15 cm is made to
Radius of cylindrical vessel R = 7 = 3.5 cm revolve about its hypotenuse. Find the volume and
2
the surface area of the double cone so formed. (Use
Let h be the rise in water level then,

p = 3.14 ) Find the mass of the pipe, given that 1 cm3 of iron has
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] approximately 8 g mass. (Use p = 3.14 )
Ans : [Board 2019 OD, 2012]
We have AC2 = 202 + 152 = 625

AC = 25 cm Radius of lower cylinder, R = 12 cm
area ^TABC h = area ^TABC h Height of lower cylinder, H = 220 cm
1 AC BD = 1 BC AB
2# # 2# # Radius of upper cylinder, r = 8 cm
Height of upper cylinder, h = 60 cm
25 # BD = 15 # 20 = 300
Volume of solid iron pole,
BD = 12 cm
pR2 H + pr2 h = 3.14 # ^12h2 # 220 + 3.14 # ^8h2 # 60
Volume of double cone,
= 111532.8 cm3
= Volume of upper cone + Volume of lower cone
Mass of pole = 111532.8 # 8 g
= 1 p ^BD h2 # AD + 1 p ^BD h2 # CD
3 3 = 892262.4 g
= 1 p ^BD h2 (AD + CD) = 892.2624 kg.
3
118.A heap of wheat is in the form of cone of diameter 6 m
= 1 p ^BD h2 ÂC h and height 3.5 m. Find its volume . How much canvas
3
cloth is required to just cover the heap ? Use p = 227
= 1 # 3.14 # (12) 2 # 25 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2016]
3
= 1 # 3.14 # 144 # 25 = 3768 cm2 Radius of cone, r = 6 = 3 cm

3 2
Surface area= CSA of upper cone + CSA of lower cone Height of cone, h = 3.5 cm
Volume of wheat in the form of cone
= p ^12h^20h + p ^12h^15h
V = 1 pr 2 h
= 12p "20 + 15, 3
= 12 # 3.14 # 35 = 1 # 22 # 3 # 3 # 3.5
3 7
= 1318.8 cm2
= 11 # 3 = 33 m3
117.A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height
220 cm and base diameter 24 cm is surmounted by l = 32 + 3.5 = 4.609 m
another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm.
Canvas required to cover the heap, pr2 h = 3.14 # ^2 h2 # 4 cm3
prl = 22 # 3 # 4.609 = 50.24 cm3

7
Difference of two volume
= 43.45 m2.
= Volume of cylinder - Volume of toy
119.A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted
= 50.24 - 25.12 = 25.12 cm3.
by a right circular cone. The height of the cone is 2
cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine
120.A right angled triangle whose sides are 3 cm, 4 cm
the volume of the toy. If a right circular cylinder
and 5 cm is revolved about the longest side. Find the
circumscribes the toy, find the difference of the volume
surface area of figure obtained. Use p = 227
of the cylinder and toy. (Use p = 3.14 )
Let BOC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone. As per
question the figure is shown below.
Radius of hemisphere is equal to the radius of cone

which is 42 = 2 cm.
By revolving right triangle about longest side double
Height of cone, h = 2 cm cone is generated. Let x be radius of double cone.
Volume of toy = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h area ^TABC h = area ^TABC h

3 3
1 5 x =1 3 4
1 pr2 2r + h = 1 3.14 2 2 2 2 + 2 2# # 2# #
3 ^ h 3# # # ^ # h
x = 12 = 2.4 cm
5
= 1 # 3.14 # 4 # 6
3
Surface area of double cone,
= 25.12 cm3
prl1 + prl2 = px ^l1 + l2h
Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the
given solid toy.
= 22 # 2.4 # ^3 + 4h
7
= 22 # 2.4 = 52.8 cm2.
121.Water is flowing at the rate of 2.52 km/h through a

cylindrical pipe into a cylindrical tank, the radius of
whose base is 40 cm. If the increase in the level of the
water in the tank, in half an hour is 3.15 m, find the
internal diameter of the pipe.
Radius of cylinder = 2 cm Let r be the internal radius of the pipe, then cross
Height of cylinder = 4 cm section area of pipe is pr2 .
Volume of right circular cylinder Speed of water flowing through the pipe

= 2.52 km/hr = 2520 m/hr 91 = 2 # 3.5 # (7 + h)

In an hour length of water = 2520 m 13 = 7 + h & h = 6
Volume of water flowing from pipe in 1 hr, Height of the toy = 6 + 3.5 = 9.5 cm.
pr2 h = pr2 2520 m3 CSA of hemisphere,
In 30 minute or in 0.5 hour,
2pr2 = 2 # 22 # 3.5 # 3.5 = 77 cm2
7
Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
pr2 2520 # 0.5 = p # (0.4) 2 # 3.15 Cost of painting = 10 # 77 = 770 Rs
1260r2 = 0.4 # 0.4 # 3.15 123.A circus tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted
by a conical top of same diameter. If their common
400r2 = 0.4 # 0.4 diameter is 56 m, the height of cylindrical part is 6 m
and the total height of the tent above the ground is
20r = 0.4 & r = 0.4 = 0.02 m
20 27 m, find the area of canvas used in the tent.
Internal radius is 2 cm and diameter of pipe is 4 cm.
122.A solid wooden toy is in the form of a hemisphere
surmounted by a cone of same radius. The radius of
hemisphere is 3.5 cm and the total wood used in the
making of toy is 166 56 cm3. Find the height of the toy.
Also find the cost of painting the hemisphere part of
the toy at the rate of Rs. 10 per cm2. Use p = 227
Total height of tent HTotal = 27 m

Height of cylindrical part h = 6 m
Height of conical part H = 27 - 6 = 21 m
Radius of cone R = 56 = 28 m
2
Radius of cylinder R = 56 = 28 m
Radius of hemisphere is equal to the radius of cone 2
which is 3.5 cm.
Slant height of cone L = R2 + H2
Volume of toy = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h
3 3 = 282 + 212
166 5 = 2 pr3 + 1 pr2 h = 784 + 441 = 1225

6 3 3
= 35 m
1001 = pr2 (2r + h)
6 3 Area of canvas used,
1001 = 2pr2 (2r + h) 2prh + prl = pr ^2h + l h
1001 = 2 # 22 # ^3.5h2 (2 # 3.5 + h) = 22 # 28 ^2 # 6 + 35h

7 7
1001 = 22 # 3.5 # (7 + h) = 22 # 4 # 47 = 4136 m2
124.A vessel full of water is in the form of an inverted 126.In a toys manufacturing company, wooden parts are
cone of height 8 cm and the radius of its top, which assembled and painted to prepare a toy. For the wood
is open, is 5 cm. 100 spherical lead balls are dropped processing activity center, the wood is taken out of
into vessel. One-fourth of the water flows out of the storage to be sawed, after which it undergoes rough
vessel. Find the radius of a spherical ball. polishing, then is cut, drilled and has holes punched
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] in it. It is then fine polished using sandpaper. For
the retail packaging and delivery activity center, the
Volume of water in cone polished wood sub-parts are assembled together, then
1 pr 2 h = 1 p decorated using paint.
5 3 8 = 200 p cm3
3 3 #^ h # 3
Volume of water flows out
= 1 # 200 p = 50 p cm3
4 3 3
Let r be the radius of one spherical ball.

Volume of 100 spherical ball,
4 pr3 100 = 50 p
3 # 3
r3 = 50 =1
4 # 100 8
r = 1 = 0.5 cm One specific toy is in the shape of a cone mounted on

2 a cylinder. The total height of the toy is 110 mm and
125.From a right circular cylinder of height 2.4 cm and the height of its conical part is 77 mm. The diameters
radius 0.7 cm, a right circular cone of same radius is of the base of the conical part is 72 mm and that of
cut-out. Find the total surface area of the remaining the cylindrical part is 40 mm.
solid. (i) If its cylindrical part is to be painted red, the
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] surface area need to be painted is
(a) 2320p mm2
Radius of cylinder and cone,
(b) 1120p mm2
r = 0.7 cm
(c) 1320p mm2
Height of cylinder and cone,
(d) 1720p mm2
h = 2.4 cm
(ii) If its conical part is to be painted blue, the surface
Slant height of cone,
area need to be painted is
l = r2 + h2 = 0.72 + 2.42 = 2.5 m (a) 4328p mm2 (b) 1124p mm2
Total surface area of remaining solid, (c) 3956p mm2 (d) 3528p mm2
= CSA of cylinder + CSA of cone + Area of top. (iii) How much of the wood have been used in making
= 2prh + prl + pr 2 the toy ?
(a) 56824p mm3 (b) 46464p mm3
= pr (2h + l + r)
(c) 84424p mm3 (d) 64684p mm3
= 22 # 0.7 ^2 # 2.4 + 2.5 + 0.7h (iv) If the cost of painting the toy is 2 paise for
7
8p mm2 , then what is the cost of painting of a
= 22 # 0.7 # 8 = 176 box of 100 toys?
7 10 (a) 1598 Rs (b) 2558 Rs
Hence total surface area is 17.6 cm2 (c) 1419 Rs (d) 1894 Rs
(v) If the toy manufacturer company charge 3 paise
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS for 32p mm3 of wood, what is the price of a box
of 100 toys?

(a) 4356 Rs (b) 4698 Rs = 1419 # 100 = 141900 paise

(c) 4178 Rs (d) 4898 Rs = 1419 Rs
Ans : Thus (c) is correct option.
(v) Cost of toy is 3 paise for 32p mm3 of wood, thus
(i) Radius of cylindrical part, rcy = 40
2 = 20 mm
cost of wood of 1 mm 3 is 323r paise.
Height of cylindrical part, Hence cost of a toy of 46464p mm3 ,
hcy = 110 - 77 = 33 mm = 3 # 46464p = 4356 paise
32p
C.S.A. of cylinder = 2prcy hcy + pr cy2 Cost of box of 100 toys,
= 4356 # 100 = 435600 paise
= prcy (2hcy + rcy)
= 4356 Rs
= 20p (2 # 33 + 20)
= 1720p mm2
Thus (d) is correct option. 127.Underground water tank is popular in India. It
is usually used for large water tank storage and
(ii) Radius of conical part is 72
= 36 .
2
can be built cheaply using cement-like materials.
C.S.A. of conical part, Underground water tanks are typically chosen by
prco lco + pr co2 - pr cy2 = prco h co2 + r co2 + p (r co2 - r cy2 ) people who want to save space. The water in the
underground tank is not affected by extreme weather
= p [rco h co2 + r co2 + (r co2 - r cy2 )] conditions. The underground tanks maintain cool
temperatures in both winter and summer. Electric
= p [36 772 + 362 + (362 - 202)] pump is used to move water from the underground
= p [36 # 85 + (362 - 202)] tank to overhead tank.
= p (3060 + 1296 - 400)

= 3956p mm2
(iii) Volume of toy = Volume of cone
+ Volume of cylinder
= 1 pr co2 hco + pr cy2 hcy

3
1
= p b 3 # 36 # 36 # 77 + 20 # 20 # 33 l
Ramesh has build recently his house and installed a
= 48p ]9 # 77 + 5 # 5 # 11g underground tank and overhead tank. Dimensions of
tanks are as follows :
= 46464p mm3 Underground Tank : Base 2 m # 2 m and Height 1.1 m.
Thus (b) is correct option. Overhead tank : Radius 50 cm and Height 175 cm
(iv) Surface area = S.A. of cone (i) What is the capacity of the underground tank ?
(a) 2200 litres
+ S.A. of cylinder
(b) 44000 litres
= 3956p + 1720p = 5676 mm2
(c) 4400 litres
Cost of painting is 2 paise for 8p mm2 , thus cost of
(d) 22000 litres
painting of 1 mm2 is 82r paise.
Hence cost of painting of a toy of 3956p mm2 , (ii) What is the ratio of the capacity of the
underground tank to the capacity of the overhead
= 2 # 5676p = 1419 paise tank?
8p
Cost of painting of 100 toys, (a) 1.75 (b) 1.25
(c) 2.5 (d) 3.2
(iii) If curved part of overhead tank need to be painted h1 = 2.4 = 0.6 m = 60 cm

to save it from corrosion, how much area need to 2#2
be painted? Thus (a) is correct option.
(a) 5.5 m2 (b) 3.3 m2
(c) 2.5 m2 (d) 4.5 m2 128.Atal Tunnel (also known as Rohtang Tunnel)
is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang
(iv) If water is filled in the overhead tank at the rate
Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range of the
of 11 litre per minute, the tank will be completely
Himalayas on the Leh-Manali Highway in
filled in how much time?
Himachal Pradesh. At a length of 9.02 km, it is the
(a) 65 minutes (b) 62.5 minutes longest tunnel above 10,000 feet (3,048 m) in the
(c) 130 minutes (d) 125 minutes world and is named after former Prime Minister of
India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The tunnel reduces the
(v) If the amount of water in the underground tank,
travel time and overall distance between Manali and
at an instant, is 2400 litres , then the water level
Keylong on the way to Leh. Moreover, the tunnel
in the underground tank at that instant is
bypasses most of the sites that were prone to road
(a) 60 cm (b) 50 cm blockades, avalanches, and traffic snarls.
(c) 70 cm (d) 65 cm
Ans :
(i) Volume of underground tank,
lbh = 2 # 2 # 1.1 = 4.4 m 3
Since 1 m 3 is equal to 1000 litres,
4.4 m 3 = 4.4 # 1000 = 4400 litres
(ii) Radius of overhead is 50 cm i.e. 1
2 meter and
height is 175 cm i.e 1.75 = 74 metre.
Thus volume of overhead tank,
22 1 1 7 11
pr2 hcy = 7 # 2 # 2 # 4 = 8 m 3
Capacity of sump = 411.4 = 3.2 Earth is excavated to make a railway tunnel. The
= lbh
Capacity of Overhead tank pr2 hcy 8 tunnel is a cylinder of radius 7 m and length 450 m.
Thus (d) is correct option. A level surface is laid inside the tunnel to carry the
railway lines. Figure given below shows the circular
cross - section of the tunnel. The level surface is
(iii) C.S.A. of cylindrical tank
represented by AB , the centre of the circle is O and
2prhcy = 2 # 22 # 1 # 7 = 5.5 m2 +AOB = 90c. The space below AB is filled with
7 2 4 rubble (debris from the demolition buildings).
11
(iv) Volume of water in cylindrical tank is 8 m 3 .
11 3 11
8 m = 8 # 1000 litres
Thus time taken to fill tank,
= 11 # 1000 # 1 = 125 minutes
8 11
(v) Volume of water in underground tank
= 2400 litres = 2.4 m3
(i) How much volume of earth is removed to make
Then, V = lbh1 the tunnel ?
2 # 2 # h1 = 2.4 (a) 58700 m 3 (b) 61400 m 3

(c) 62700 m 3 (d) 69300 m 3 2 # 22 # 7 ^360c - 90ch

= 7
(ii) If the cost of excavation of 1 cubic meter is Rs 360c
250, what is the total cost of excavation?
(a) Rs 17325000 (b) Rs 34650000 = 2 # 22 # 270c = 33 m
360c
(c) Rs 8662500 (d) Rs 12677500
Total curved surface area of tunnel
(iii) A coating is to be done on the surface of inner
= Length of curved part of cross-section
curved part of tunnel. What is the area of tunnel
to be being coated ? # Length of tunnel
(a) 12300 m2 (b) 14850 m2 = 33 # 450 = 14850 m2
(c) 15250 m 2
(d) 21200 m 2
(iv) Costing of coating is Rs 30 per m . What is the
2 (iv) Cost of coating on curved part,
total cost of coating ? = 14850 # 30
(a) Rs 5588000 (b) Rs 445500
= ` 445500
(c) Rs 339900 (d) Rs 228800
(v) How much volume of debris is required to fill the (v) Cross-section area of debris part of tunnel
ground surface of tunnel ?
= Area of OACB - Area of TOAB
(a) 3500 m 3 (b) 14000 m 3
2 2
(c) 7000 m 3 (d) 10500 m 3 = pr - r
4 2
Ans :
22
#7#7 7#7
(i) Cross-section area of tunnel to be excavated = pr2 = 7
-
4 2
Volume of earth to be removed,
pr2 l = 22 # 7 # 7 # 450 = 11 # 7 - 7 # 7
2 2
7
= 69300 m3 = 4 # 7 = 14 m2
2
Volume of debris required
(ii) Total cost of excavation
= 14 # 500 = 7000 m 3
= 69300 # 250 = ` 1732500
(iii) The geometry of cross-section is shown below. 129.A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells
flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread,
cookies, cakes, pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries
are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee and tea to
customers who wish to consume the baked goods on
the premises.
Triangle OAB is isosceles triangle having right angle

at O .
Length of curved part of cross-section,
2pr ^360c - 90ch
=
360c
Tania runs a bakery shop and her bakery is very is 0.7 cm .

famous for tasty biscuits. The amount of mixture Thus total layer in box,
required to make one biscuit is 18 cu cm. Before it is
cooked, the mixture is rolled into a sphere. After the = 14 = 20 layer
0.7
biscuit is cooked, the biscuit becomes a cylinder of
radius 3 cm and height 0.7 cm. The increase in volume Total biscuits in box = 20 # 7 = 140 biscuits
is due to air being trapped in the biscuit. Biscuits are Thus (c) is correct option.
packed in a cylindrical card box of height 14 cm. The (iv) From figure it is clear that radius of box is 3 times
arrangement of biscuits is shown below. of biscuit radius i.e. 3 # 3 = 9 .
Volume of box = pR2 H
= 22 # 9 # 9 # 14
7
= 22 # 9 # 9 # 2
= 3564 cm3
Volume of biscuits = pr2 h # 140
(i) What is the volume of the biscuits after it is = 19.8 # 140
cooked ?
(a) 17.8 cu cm (b) 18.7 cu cm = 2772 cm3
(c) 19.8 cu cm (d) 21.2 cu cm Vacant volume = 3564 - 2772 = 792 cm3
(ii) What is the volume of air trapped, while Thus (b) is correct option.
cooking the biscuit ? (v) Weight of 7 biscuits = 50 grams
(a) 1.8 cu cm (b) 0.7 cu cm
Weight of 140 biscuits = 50 # 140
(c) 1.5 cu cm (d) 3.2 cu cm 7
(iii) How many biscuits will be there in a box ? = 1000 grams = 1 kg

(a) 120 (b) 70 Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 140 (d) 60
130.The boiler is essentially a closed vessel inside which
(iv) How much space is vacant in box after biscuits water is stored. Fuel is burnt in a furnace and hot
are packed ? gasses are produced. These hot gasses come in contact
(a) 940 cm3 (b) 792 cm3 with water vessel where the heat of these hot gases
transfer to the water and consequently steam is
(c) 846 cm3 (d) 912 cm3
produced in the boiler. Then this steam is piped to
(v) If weight of 7 biscuits is 50 grams, what will be the turbine of thermal power plant. There are many
the weight of box of biscuits? different types of boiler utilized for different purposes
(a) 750 gram (b) 1.4 kg like running a production unit, sanitizing some area,
sterilizing equipment, to warm up the surroundings
(c) 900 gram (d) 1 kg
etc.
Ans :
(i) Volume of the biscuit,
= pr2 h = 22 # 32 # 0.7 = 19.8 cu cm
7
(ii) Volume of air trap
= Volume of biscuit - Volume of sphere
= 19.8 - 18 = 1.8 cu cm
(iii) In a layer, 7 biscuits are arranged whose height

Rajesh has been given the task of designing a boiler for = Volume of cylinder+ Volume of two hemisphere
NTPC. Boiler consist of a cylindrical part in middle
and two hemispherical part at its both end. The cross = pr2 l + 2 b 2p # r3 l
3
section of boiler is given below. Length of cylindrical
part is the 3 times of radius of hemispherical part. = pr2 $ 3r + 4p # r3
3
4
= b 3 + 3 l pr3 = 13 pr3
3
13
pr3
(iv) Ratio of volume to the surface = 3
= 13 r
(i) Which of the following is correct expression for 10pr2 30
the surface area of cylindrical part of boiler?
(a) 2pr2 (b) 6pr2
(v) At r = 3 m volume of boiler,
(c) 4pr2 (d) 8pr2
(ii) Which of the following is correct = 13 pr3 = 13 # p # 33
3 3
expression for the total surface area of boiler?
(a) 22 pr2 (b) 11 pr2 = 13 # p # 9 = 117p m 3
3 3
(c) 6pr2 (d) 10pr2
131.The advantages of cone bottom tanks are found in
(iii) Which of the following is correct expression for nearly every industry, especially where getting every
the volume of boiler? last drop from the tank is important. This type of
(a) 15 pr3 (b) 19 pr3 tank has excellent geometry for draining, especially
4 3 with high solids content slurries as these cone tanks
provide a better full-drain solution. The conical tank
(c) 13 pr3 (d) 17 pr3
3 4 eliminates many of the problems that flat base tanks
(iv) What is the ratio of volume to the surface area? have as the base of the tank is sloped towards the
centre giving the greatest possible full-drain system in
(a) 13 r (b) 3 r
30 10 vertical tank design.
(c) 10 r (d) 3 r
3 10
(v) If r = 3 m , what is the volume of boiler?
(a) 117p m 3 (b) 125p m 3
(c) 231p m 3 (d) 238p m 3
Ans :
(i) Radius of cylindrical part is equal to the radius of
hemispherical part and length of cylindrical part is
three times of radius.
Surface area of cylindrical part of boiler = 2prl
Since l = 3r , 2prl = 2pr # 3r = 6pr2
(ii) Total surface area of boiler
= SA of cylindrical part + SA of two hemisphere
2 Rajesh has been given the task of designing a conical
= 6pr2 + 2 b 4pr l bottom tank for his client. Height of conical part is
2
equal to its radius. Length of cylindrical part is the 3
= 6pr2 + 4pr2 = 10pr2 times of its radius. Tank is closed from top. The cross
section of conical tank is given below.
(iii) Volume of boiler,
= pr2 $ 3r + 1 pr2 $ r
3
= 3pr3 + 1 pr3 = 10 pr3

3 3
= 10 p (3) 3 = 90 p m3
3
(ii) Surface area of tank,
= SA of top + CSA of cylinder + CSA of cone
= pr2 + 2prl + pr h2 + r2
(i) If radius of cylindrical part is taken as 3 meter, = pr2 + 2pr $ 3r + pr r2 + r2

what is the volume of above conical tank ? = pr2 + 6pr2 + 2 pr2
(a) 120p m 3 (b) 90p m 3
= (1 + 6 + 2 ) pr2
(c) 60p m 3 (d) 30p m 3
(ii) What is the area of metal sheet used to make this = (7 + 2 ) p (3) 2
conical tank ? Assume that tank is covered from = 9 (7 + 2 ) p m2
top.
(a) 27 (7 + 2 ) p m2 (b) 9 (7 + 2 ) p m2
(iii)Volume of cylindrical part
(c) 27 (5 + 2 ) p m2 (d) 9 (5 + 2 ) p m2
(iii) What is the ratio of volume of cylindrical part to = pr2 l
the volume of conical part? = pr2 $ 3r = 3pr3
(a) 6 (b) 9
Volume of conical part = 1 pr2 h
(c) 1 (d) 1 3
6 9
(iv) The cost of metal sheet is Rs 2000 per square = 1 pr2 r = 1 pr3
meter and fabrication cost is 1000 per square 3 3
meter. What is the total cost of tank ? Ratio of volume of cylindrical part to conical part
(a) Rs 27000 (7 + 2 ) p (b) Rs 54000 (7 + 2 ) p 3
= 31 pr 3 = 9
(c) Rs 27000 (5 + 2 ) p (d) Rs 54000 (5 + 2)p 3 pr
(v) A oil is to be filled in the tank. The density of oil Thus (b) is correct option.
is 1050 kg per cubic meter. What is the weight of (iv)Surface area of sheet used = 9 (7 + 2 ) p m2
oil filled in tank ?
(a) 195 Tonne (b) 200 Tonne Total cost = Cost of sheet + Fabrication cost
(c) 297 Tonne (d) 174 Tonne = 2000 + 1000
Ans :
= 3000 per sq. meter
(i) Length of cylindrical part is three times of radius
of conical part and height of conical part is equal to Total cost of tank = 9 (7 + 2 ) p # 3000
its radius. = 27000 (7 + 2)p
If we assume r be the common radius of cylindrical Thus (c) is correct option.
part and conical part, height of conical part will be r
(v) Volume of tank i.e. volume of oil = 90 p m3
and length of cylindrical part will be 3r .
Density of oil = 1050 kg per cubic meter
Volume of conical tank = Volume of cylindrical part
Weight of oil = 90p # 1050
+ Volume of conical part
= 90 # 22 # 1050
= pr2 l + 1 pr2 h 7
3
= 90 # 22 # 150

= 297000 kg = 297 Tonne (i) How much blue PVC coated fabric is required?
Thus (c) is correct option. (a) 2640 sq. meter (b) 1914 sq. meter
(c) 1320 sq. meter (d) 3828 sq. meter
132.Kumbh Mela is a major pilgrimage and festival in
Hinduism. It is celebrated in a cycle of approximately (ii) How much white fabric is required ?
12 years at four river-bank pilgrimage sites: the (a) 1320 sq. meter (b) 330 sq. meter
Prayagraj (Ganges-Yamuna Sarasvati rivers
(c) 660 sq. meter (d) 240 sq. meter
confluence), Haridwar (Ganges), Nashik (Godavari),
and Ujjain (Shipra). The festival is marked by a ritual (iii) If labour charge for the construction of tent is `
dip in the waters. The seekers believe that bathing 15 per sq. meter what is the total cost of tent ?
in these rivers is a means to prayascitta for past (a) ` 243100 (b) ` 129800
mistakes, and that it cleanses them of their sins.
(c) ` 199650 (d) ` 243800
(iv) If space requirement of a pilgrims is 6 sq. meter,
how many pilgrims can be accommodate in a
tent?
(a) 142 (b) 231
(c) 196 (d) 346
(v) If total 50000 pilgrims are expected to visit fair,
how many tents are required ?
(a) 198 tent (b) 217 tent
(c) 179 tent (d) 292 tent
Ans :
Government of UP is planing to procure tent for the (i) Common radius of conical and cylindrical part is
pilgrims during Kumbh Mela. The specification of 2 = 21 m. Height of conical part is equal to its radius
42
tent is given below. 21 m.

Surface area of conical part of tent
prl = pr h2 + r2
= 22 # 21 # ]21g2 + ]20g2
7
= 22 # 3 # 29
= 1914 sq. meter
Thus, 1914 sq. meter of blue PVC coated fabric is
required.
(1) Lower cylindrical part must have a white colored Thus (b) is correct option.
thick fabric whose cost is ` 60 per square meter. (ii) Surface area of cylindrical part of tent,
(2) Top conical part must have PVC coated blue = 2prh
fabric whose cost is ` 70 per square meter.
The front view of tent is given below with dimension. = 2 # 22 # 21 # 5
7
= 660 sq. meter
(iii) Total cost is sum of material cost and construction
cost of both type of fabric.
Total cost = White fabric cost + Blue fabric cost
= ^60 + 15h # 1914 + ^70 + 15h # 660
= 75 # 1914 + 85 # 660
= 75 (1914 + 17 # 44)
= `199650
(iv) Total floor area of tent,
pr2 = 22 # 21 # 21
7
= 22 # 3 # 21
= 1386 sq. meter
Pilgrims in a tent = 1386 = 231 pilgrims

6
(v) Total requirement of tent
= 50000 = 216.45
231
Thus, 217 tent are required.
***********

Chap 14 Statistics Page 409
CHAPTER 14
STATISTICS
ONE MARK QUESTIONS We have Mo = 3Md - 2M

29 = 3 # 26 - 2M
1. Find the class-marks of the classes 10-25 and 35-66. 2M = 78 - 29 = 49
M = 49 = 24.5
2
Class mark of 10 - 25 , = 10 + 25
2 5. Find the class marks of the classes 20-50 and 35-60.
Ans :
= 35 = 17.5
[Board 2020 OD Standard]
2
Class mark of 20 - 50 = 20 + 50
2
and class mark of 35 - 55 , = 35 + 55 = 90 = 45
2 2
2. Find the class marks of the classes 15-35 and 45-60. = 70 = 35 and
2
Class mark of 35 - 60 = 35 + 60 = 95 = 47.5 .
2 2
Class mark of 15 - 35 = 15 + 35
2
6. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is
= 50 = 25 10 and the width of the class is 6. What is the lower
2
limit of the class?
and class mark of 45 - 60 = 45 + 60 = 105 = 52.5 Ans :
2 2
Let x be the upper limit and y be the lower limit.
3. If the mean of the first n natural number is 15, then Since the mid value of the class is 10.
find n .
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] x+y
Hence, = 10
2
Given : 1, 2, 3, 4, ... to n terms.
The sum of first n natural numbers x + y = 20 ...(1)
n (n + 1)
Sn = Since width of the class is 6,
2
x-y = 6 ...(2)
n (n + 1)
Mean, M = Solving (1) and (2), we get y = 7
2#n
Hence, lower limit of the class is 7.
n (n + 1)
15 =
2#n 7. Consider the following frequency distribution of the
heights of 60 students of a class
15 = n + 1
2
Height 150- 155- 160- 165- 170- 175-
n + 1 = 30 & n = 29 (in cm) 155 160 165 170 175 180
Number 15 13 10 8 9 5
4. The median and mode respectively of a frequency of
distribution are 26 and 29, find its mean. students
What is the upper limit of the median class in the
given data?
Page 410 Statistics Chap 14

x = 130 + x + 126 + x + 68 + x + 50 + x + 1 + x
5
We prepare the following cumulative table
Height x (in cm) Number of cf = 375 + 5x = 375 + 0 = 375 = 75

5 5 5
Students (f)
150-155 15 15 11. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is 20.5. If
each of the largest 4 observation of the set is increased
155-160 13 28
by 2, then what is the median of the new set?
160-165 10 38
165-170 08 46
Since, n =9
170-175 09 55
th
175-180 08 63 then, median term = b 9 + 1 l = 5 th item.
2
N = 63
Now, last four observations are increased by 2,
but median is 5th observation, which is remaining
We have, N = 63 ; N = 63 = 31.5 unchanged. Hence there will be no change in median.
2 2
The cumulative frequency just greater than 12. If the mean of the observation x, x + 3, x + 5, x + 7
N
2 is 38 and the corresponding class is 160- and x + 10 is 9, the find the mean of the last three
165. Thus upper limit is 165. observation
8. For finding the popular size of readymade garments, Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2014]
which central tendency is used?
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2012] Mean = Sum of all the observations
Total no. of observation
For finding the popular size of ready made
garments, mode is the best measure of central 9 = x + x + 3 + x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10
tendency. 5
9. If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, 9 = 5x + 25

5
then what is the difference of median and mean?
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2011] x =4
So, mean of last three observation,
We have, Mo - Md = 24
= x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10 = 5x + 22
We know Mo = 3Md - 2M 3 3
3x + 22 = 3 # 4 + 22
Now Mo - Md = 2Md - 2M 3 3
24 = 2 (Md - M) = 12 + 22 = 34 = 11 1
3 3 3
Md - M = 12
13. A set of numbers consists of three 4’s, five
10. If the mean of the numbers 27 + x , 31 + x, 89 + x 5’s, six 6’s, eight 8’s and seven 10’s. What is
107 + x, 156 + x is 82, then what is the mean of the mode of this set of numbers?
130 + x, 126 + x, 68 + x, 50 + x, and 1 + x ?
Ans : [Board 2010]
Mode of the data is 8 as it is repeated maximum
Given, number of times.
^27 + x h + ^31 + x h + ^89 + x h + ^107 + x h + ^156 + x h
82 =
5 14. The mean weight of 9 students is 25 kg. If one more
student is joined in the group the mean is unaltered,
82 # 5 = 410 + 5x
then find the weight of the 10th student.
410 - 410 = 5x & x = 0 Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
Required mean is,
The sum of the weights of the 9 students

= 25 # 9 = 225. If one more student is joined in the what is the value of x ?

group, then total number of students is 10 and mean Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
is 25.
Hence, the sum of the weights of the 10th students Given observations are x5 , x , x3 , 23x , x4 , 25x and 34x
= 25 # 10 = 250 . where x > 0. On arranging the above observations in
Hence, the weight of the 10th student is 250 - 225 ascending order, we get
= 25 kg . x , x , x , 2x , 2x , 3x , x
However we can answer this question without any 5 4 3 5 3 4
calculation. If mean is not altered on adding more Here, total number of observations are 7, which is
data, then added data must be of mean value. odd.
Median = b n + 1 l observation
th
15. The mean and median of the data a , b and c are 50
2
and 35 respectively, where a < b < c . If c - a = 55 ,
then find the value of (b - a).
= b 7 + 1 l observation
th
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2014] 2
Since, a , b and c and are in ascending order, therefore = 4 observation = 2x

th
5
median is b i.e b = 35 . 2 x
Median = =4
a + b + c = 50 5
Mean
3
x = 4 # 5 = 10
2
a + b + c = 150
a + c = 150 - 35 = 115 ...(1) 18. If the coordinates of the point of intersection
of less than ogive and more than ogive is
Also, it is given that c - a = 55 ...(2) (13.5, 20), then find the value of median.
Subtracting equation (2) and (1), we get Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
a = 30
The abscissa of point of intersection gives the median
Hence, b - a = 35 - 30 = 5 of the data. So, median is 13.5.
16. If the mean of the squares of first n natural numbers 19. Find the mode of the following grouped frequency
is 105, then find the first n natural numbers. distribution.
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011] Class Frequency

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 3-6 2
Sum of square, / x2 =
6 6-9 5
Mean of squares of first n natural numbers, 9-12 10
(n + 1) (2n + 1) 12-15 23
105 =
6
15-18 21
2n2 + 3n + 1 = 630 18-21 12
2
2n + 3n - 629 = 0 21-24 03
2n2 + 37n - 34n - 629 = 0 Ans :
n (2n + 37) - 17 (2n + 37) = 0 We observe that the class 12-15 has maximum
frequency 23. Therefore, this is the modal class.
(2n + 37) (n - 17) = 0 & n = 17
We have, l = 12 , h = 3 , f1 = 23 , f0 = 10 and f2 = 21
Since, n is odd, therefore median is = b 17 + 1 l = 9 th
th
2 f1 - f0
observation. Mo = l + h
2f1 - f0 - f2 #
17. Observations of some data are x5 , x , x3 , 23x , x4 , 25x and
= 12 + 23 - 10 3
4 where x > 0. If the median of the data is 4, then
3x
46 - 10 - 21 #
= 12 + 13 # 3 = 1500 + 16 # 500
15 23
= 12 + 13 = 14.6 = 1847.26
5
23. Which central tendency is obtained by the abscissa of
20. What is abscissa of the point of intersection of the point of intersection of less than type and more than
‘‘Less than type’’ and of the ‘‘More than type’’ type ogives ?
cumulative frequency curve of a grouped data ? Ans :
Ans :
Median.
The abscissa of the point of intersection of
the ‘‘Less than type’’ and ‘‘More than type’’ 24. What is the model class for the following
cumulative frequency curve of a grouped data distribution?
is median.
Marks Number of Marks Number of
21. If median is 137 and mean is 137.05, then what is the Students students
value of mode ? Below 10 3 Below 40 57
Below 20 12 Below 50 75
Mo = 3Md - 2M Below 30 28 Below 60 80
= 3 (137) - 2 (137.05) Ans :
= 411 - 274.10 = 136.90 Let us first construct the following frequency

distribution table.
22. The following data gives the distribution of total
household expenditure (in <) of manual workers in a Marks Number of Students
city. 0-10 3
Expenditure (in <) Frequency 10-20 9
1000-1500 24 20-30 16
1500-2000 40 30-40 29
2000-2500 33 40-50 18
2500-3000 28 50-60 5
3000-3500 30 Since, the maximum frequency is 29 and the class

corresponding to this frequency is 30-40. So, the
3500-4000 22 modal class is 30-40.
4000-4500 16
4500-5000 07 25. If xi ’s are the mid-points of the class intervals
of grouped data, f i ’s are the corresponding
Then, find the average expenditure which is done by frequencies and x is the mean, then find
the maximum number of manual workers. / (f i xi - x ).
Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015] Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2017]
We observe that the class 1500-2000 has maximum
frequency 40. Therefore, this is the modal class. / (f i xi - x ) = / f i xi - / x = / f i xi - nx
We have l = 1500 , h = 500 , f1 = 40 , f0 = 24 and
= / f i x i - / f i xi = 0 cx =
/ f i xi m
f2 = 23 n
f1 - f0
Mo = l + h 26. For the following distribution find the sum of lower
2f1 - f0 - f2 #
limits of the median class and modal class.
= 1500 + 40 - 24 500
80 - 24 - 33 # Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25
Frequency 10 15 12 20 9

Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2016] Ans :
Here, Marks Number of students

Class Frequency Cumulative frequency 0-10 3-0 = 3
0-5 10 10 10-20 12 - 3 = 9
5-10 15 25 20-30 27 - 12 = 15
10-15 12 37 30-40 57 - 27 = 30
15-20 20 57 40-50 75 - 57 = 18
20-25 9 66 50-60 80 - 75 = 5
Now, N2 = 332 = 33 , which lies in the interval 10-15. Class 30-40 has the maximum frequency 30, therefore
Therefore, lower limit of the median class is 10. this is model class.
The highest frequency is 20, which lies in the interval
15-20. Therefore, lower limit of modal class is 15. 29. Consider the data:
Hence, required sum is 10 + 15 = 25 . Class 65- 85- 105- 125- 145- 165- 185-
Thus (b) is correct option. 85 105 125 145 165 185 205
27. Consider the following frequency distribution Frequency 4 5 13 20 14 7 4
What is the difference of the upper limit of the median

Class 0-5 6-11 12-17 18-23 24-29 class and the lower limit of the modal class?
Frequency 13 10 15 8 11 Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2017]
What is the upper limit of the median class ?
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
65-85 4 7
Given, classes are not continuous, so we make
continuous by subtracting 0.5 from lower 85-105 5 9
limit and adding 0.5 to upper limit of each 105-125 13 22
class.
125-145 20 42
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency 145-165 14 56
- 0.5 -5.5 13 13 165-185 7 63
5.5-11.5 10 23 185-205 4 67
11.5-17.5 15 38
Here, N2 = 672 = 33.5 , which lies in the interval
17.5-23.5 8 46 125 - 145 . Hence, upper limit of median class is 145.
23.5-29.5 11 57 Here, we see that the highest frequency is 20 which
lies in 125-145. Hence, the lower limit of modal class
Here, N2 = 572 = 28.5 , which lies in the interval is 125.
11.5 - 17.5 . Hence, the upper limit is 17.5.
Required difference
= Upper limit of median class
28. For the following distribution what is the modal class:
- Lower limit of modal class
Marks Number of students
= 145 - 125 = 20
Below 10 3
30. The times, in seconds, taken by 150 athletes to run a
Below 20 12
110 m hurdle race are tabulated below
Below 30 27
Class Frequency
Below 40 57
13.8-14 2
Below 50 75
14-14.2 4
Below 60 80
Class Frequency 33. From the following frequency distribution, find the
median class :
14.2-14.4 5
14.4-14.6 71 Cost of 1400- 1550- 1700- 1850-
living index 1500 1700 1850 2000
14.6-14.8 48
Number of 8 15 21 8
14.8-15 20 weeks
What is the number of athletes who completed the Ans : [Board Term-1, 2015]
race in less than 14.6 second?
Ans : We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
find median class.
The number of athletes who completed the
race in less than 14.6 second, Cost of living index Number of weeks f c.f.
= 2 + 4 + 5 + 71 = 82 1400-1500 8 8
1550-1700 15 23
31. In the following distribution what is the frequency of
the class 30-40? 1700-1850 21 44
1850-2000 8 52
Marks obtained Number of students
More than or equal to 0 63 We have N = 52 ; N = 26
2
More than or equal to 10 58 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is
More than or equal to 20 55 44 and the corresponding class is 1700-1850.
Thus median class is 1700-1850.
More than or equal to 30 51
More than or equal to 40 48 34. In the following frequency distribution, find the
median class.
More than or equal to 50 42
Height 104- 145- 150- 155- 160- 165-
Ans :
(in cm) 145 150 155 160 165 170
Frequency 5 15 25 30 15 10
Marks obtained Number of students Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
0-10 (63 - 58) = 5 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
10-20 (58 - 55) = 3 find median class.
20-30 (55 - 51) = 4 Height Frequency c.f.
30-40 (51 - 48) = 3 140-145 5 5
40-50 (48 - 42) = 6 145-150 15 20
50-60 42 = 42 150-155 25 45
Hence, frequency in the class interval 30-40 is 3. 155-160 30 75
32. If the median of a series exceeds the mean by 3, find 160-165 15 90
by what number the mode exceeds its mean? 165-170 10 100
N = 100
We have Md = M + 3
Now Mo = 3Md - 2M We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2
= 3 (M + 3) - 2M
is 75 and the corresponding class is 155-160.
= 3M + 9 - 2M = M + 9 Thus median class is 155-160.
Hence mode exceeds mean by 9.

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35. Find median of the data, using an empirical relation Median, Md = 45.5
when it is given that Mode = 12.4 and Mean = 10.5 .
Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
3 # 45.5 = 50.5 + 2M
Mode, Mo = 12.4
Mean, M = 136.5 - 50.5 = 43
Mean, M = 10.5 2
Median, Md = 1 M + 2 Mo Hence mean is 43.

3 3
= 1 ^12.4h + 2 ^10.5h 38. Find the mean of first odd multiples of 5.

= 12.4 + 21 The first five odd multiples of 5, according to

3 3 the problem are : 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
= 12.4 + 21 = 33.4
3 3
Mean = 5 + 15 + 25 + 35 + 45 = 125 = 25
= 33.4 = 11.13 5 5
3
39. Median of a data is 52.5 and its mean is 54, use
36. Consider the following distribution : empirical relationship between three measure of
central tendency to find its mode.
Marks 0 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or
Obtained more more more more more more Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Number 63 58 55 51 48 42 Median Md = 52.5

of
students and mean M = 54
Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
(i) Calculate the frequency of the class 30 - 40.
(ii) Calculate the class mark of the class 10 - 25. 3 # 52.5 = Mo + 2 # 54
Ans : [Board Term-1, 2014] Mode Mo = 157.5 - 108 = 49.5
Class Interval c.f. f

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
0-10 63 5
10-20 58 3
40. Find the mean the following distribution :
20-30 55 4
30-40 51 3 Class 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13
40-50 48 6 Frequency 5 10 10 7 8
50-60 42 42 Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
(i) Frequency of the class 30 - 40 is 3. Class Frequency Mid-Value fi xi

(fi ) (xi)
3-5 5 4 20
(ii) Class mark of the class : 10 - 25 = 10 + 25 5-7 10 6 60

2
7-9 10 8 80
= 35 = 17.5 9-11 7 10 70
2
11-13 8 12 96
37. Find the mean of the data using an empirical formula
when it is given that mode is 50.5 and median in 45.5. / fi = 40 / fi xi = 326
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 326 = 8.15
Mode, M = 50.5 / fi 40
41. Find the mode of the following data : Class Frequency c.f.
Class : 0- 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 120- 40-45 2 2
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 45-50 3 5
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3 50-55 8 13
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] 55-60 6 19
Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 12, therefore 60-65 6 25
this is model class.
65-70 3 28
Hence, l = 60 , f1 = 12 , f0 = 6 , f2 = 6 and h = 20
70-75 2 30
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h N = 30
1 0 2
We have N = 30 ; N
= 15
= 60 + 12 - 10 20
2
2 # 12 - 10 - 6 # Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 19 and

the corresponding class is 55-60. Thus median class
= 60 + 2 # 20 is 55-60.
24 - 16
Now l = 55 , f = 6 , F = 13 , h = 5
= 60 + 40 = 60 + 5 = 65
8 N
-F
Md = l + e
f o#
2
Median, h
42. The mode of the following frequency distribution is
36. Find the missing frequency f .
= 55 + b 15 - 13 l # 5
6
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 = 55 + 5 = 55 + 1.67
3
Frequency 8 10 f 16 12 6 7
= 56.67
Mode is 36 which lies in class 30-40, therefore this is 44. Find the mean of the following distribution :
model class.
Class 10- 25- 40- 55- 70- 85-
Here, f0 = f , f2 = 16 , f2 = 12 , l = 30 and h = 10 25 40 55 70 85 100
f1 - f0 Frequency 2 3 7 6 6 6
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
1 0 2
16 - f
36 = 30 + 10 Let a = 62.5 be assumed mean.
2 # 16 - f - 12 #
16 - f Class Frequency c.f. xi Ui = x - a fi ui
h
6 = 10
20 - f # Interval (fi)
10-25 2 2 17.5 -3 -6
120 - 6f = 160 - 10f
25-40 3 5 32.5 -2 -6
4f = 40 & f = 10
40-55 7 12 47.5 -1 -7
55-70 6 18 62.50= 0 0
43. Find the median for the given frequency distribution : a
Class 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 70-85 6 24 77.5 1 6
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 85-100 6 30 92.5 2 12
Frequency 2 3 8 6 6 3 2 / fi = 30 / fi ui =- 1
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] / fi ui h

Mean, x = a+
/ fi #

= 62.5 + - 1 # 15 = 30 + 6 = 36
30
47. The data regarding marks obtained by 48 students
= 62.5 - 1 = 62.5 - 0.5 = 62 of a class in a class test is given below. Calculate the
2
modal marks of students.
45. Find the mean of the following data :
Marks 0-5 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45-
Class 0- 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- obtained 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
20 40 60 80 100 120 Number of 1 0 2 0 0 10 25 7 2 1
students
Frequency 20 35 52 44 38 31
Ans : [Board 2019 Comp]
Class 30-35 has the maximum frequency 25, therefore
Let a = 70 be assumed mean.
C.I. Frequency f xi fi ui Now l = 30 , f1 = 25 f0 = 10 , f2 = 7 , h = 5
ui = xi - a
h
f1 - f0
Mo = l + c
2f1 - f0 - f2 m #
Mode h
0-20 20 10 -3 - 60
20-40 35 30 -2 - 70 25 - 10
= 30 + 5
40-60 52 50 -1 - 52 50 - 10 - 7 #
60-80 44 70 0 0 = 30 + 2.27 or 32.27 approx.
80-100 38 90 1 38
48. Find the value of l , if the mode of the following data
100-120 31 110 2 62 is 20 :
/ fi = 220 / fi ui =- 82 15, 20, 25, 18, 13, 15, 25, 15, 18, 17, 20, 25, 20, l , 18.
Mean, x = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi # First we prepare the following table as discrete
frequency distribution.
(- 82)
= 70 + 20
220 # xi fi
13 1
= 70 - 82 = 70 - 7.45 = 62.55
11
15 3
46. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution. 17 1
18 3
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 20 3
Frequency 8 10 10 16 12 6 7 l 1
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] 25 3
Class 30-40 has the maximum frequency 16, therefore Frequency of 20 must be highest to be mode of the
this is model class. frequency distribution, l = 20 .
We have l = 30, f0 = 10, f1 = 16, f2 = 12, h = 10 49. The mean and median of 100 observation are 50 and
f1 - f0 52 respectively. The value of the largest observation
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h is 100. It was later found that it is 110. Find the true
1 0 2
mean and median.
= 30 + c 16 - 10 m 10
2 # 16 - 10 - 12 # Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
6 Mean, M =
/ fx
= 30 + e o 10 /f
32 - 22 #
/ fx
= 30 + c 6 m # 10 50 =
100
10
/ fx = 5000 120-140 2
Correct, / fx' = 5000 - 100 + 110 Total 44
= 5010 Class 80-100 has the maximum frequency 18, therefore

Correct Mean = 5010 = 50.1 We have l = 80 , f1 = 18 , f2 = 5 , f0 = 12 , h = 20
100
Median will remain same i.e median is 52. f1 - f0
1 0 2
50. Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency
distribution : = 80 + b 18 - 12 l # 20
36 - 12 - 5
xi 3 4 5 7 10
fi 3 4 8 5 10 = 80 + 6 # 20
19
Ans : [Board Term-1, 2015] = 80 + 6.31 = 86.31
We prepare the following table to fine mean.
52. Find the mean of the following distribution :
xi fi fi xi
Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
3 3 9 interval
4 4 16 Frequency 5 4 1 6 4
5 8 40
7 5 35
xi fi fi xi
10 10 100
3 5 15
Total / fi = 30 / fi xi = 200
9 4 36
Mean, M =
/ fi xi = 200 = 6.67
/ fi 30 15 1 15
21 6 126
51. Given below is the distribution of weekly pocket 27 4 108
money received by students of a class. Calculate the Total / fi = 20 / fi xi = 300
pocket money that is received by most of the students.
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 300 = 15
Pocket 0-20 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 120- / fi 20
Money 40 60 80 100 120 140
(in Rs.) 53. Find the sum of the lower limit of the median
class and the upper limit of the modal class :
Number 2 2 3 12 18 5 2
of Classes 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
students. 20 30 40 50 60 70
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
Class Interval Frequency
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
0-20 2
find median class.
20-40 2
Class 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
40-60 3
20 30 40 50 60 70
60-80 12
Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
80-100 18
Cumulative 1 4 9 18 25 28
100-120 5 Frequency

We have N = 28 ; N = 28 = 14 56. Calculate the median from the following data :

2 2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
is 18 and the corresponding class is 40 - 50. Number of 5 15 30 8 2
Thus median class is 40-50. Students
Lower limit is 40 and upper limit is 5. Their sum is
= 40 + 50 = 90 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

54. The following table gives the life time in days of 100
find median class.
bulbs :
Marks No. of students c.f.
Life Less Less Less Less Less Less
time in than than than than than than 0-10 5 5
days 50 100 150 200 250 300 10-20 15 20
Number 8 23 55 81 93 100 20-30 30 50
of Bulbs
30-40 8 58
Change the above distribution as frequency
distribution. 40-50 2 60
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] N = 60
Life time in days Number of Bulbs We have N = 60 ; N

2 = 30
(Class Interval) (Frequency) Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 50 and
0-50 8 the corresponding class is 20-30. Thus median class
is 20-20.
50-100 15
Now l = 20 , f = 30 , F = 20 , h = 10
100-150 32
N
-F
Md = l + e
f o#
150-200 26 Median, 2
h
150-200 12
150-200 7 = 20 + b 30 - 20 l # 10
30
Total 100
= 20 + 100 = 20 + 10
30 3
55. Find the unknown values in the following table :
= 20 + 3.33
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative
Thus Md = 23.33
Frequency
0-10 5 5 57. Write the relationship connecting three measures of
10-20 7 x1 central tendencies. Hence find the median of the give
data if mode is 24.5 and mean is 29.75.
20-30 x2 18 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
30-40 5 x3
Mode, Mo = 24.5
40-50 x4 30
and mean, M = 29.75
The relationship connecting measures of central
We have x1 = 5 + 7 = 12 tendencies is,
x2 = 18 - x1 = 18 - 12 = 6 3Md = Mo + 2M
x3 = 18 + 5 = 23 Thus 3Md = 24.5 + 2 # 59.50
and x 4 = 30 - x3 = 30 - 23 = 7 = 24.5 + 59.50 = 84.0
Median Md = 84 = 28
3
58. The following distribution shows the marks scored by

140 students in an examination. Calculate the mode Now l = 35, f1 = 50 , f2 = 42 , f0 = 34 , h = 5
of the distribution :
f1 - f0
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 1 0 2
Number of 20 24 40 36 20 50 - 34
= 35 + 5
students 100 - 34 - 42 #
= 35 + 16 # 5 = 38.33

24
this is model class. 61. Find x and y from the following cumulative frequency
distribution :
Here, l = 20 , f1 = 40 , f0 = 24 , f2 = 36 ,h = 10
f1 - f0 Classes Frequency c.f.
1 0 2 0-8 15 15
^40 - 24h 8-16 x 28
= 20 + 10
80 - 24 - 36 # 16-24 15 43
24-32 18 y
= 20 + 16 # 10 = 28
20
32-40 09 70
59. Find the unknown entries a , b , c , d in the following Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
distribution of heights of students in a class :
From the cumulative frequency distribution,
Height (in cm) Frequency Cumulative 15 + x = 28 & x = 28 - 15 = 13
Frequency
and 43 + 18 = y & y = 61
150-155 12 12
155-160 a 25 Hence, x = 13 and y = 61
160-165 10 b
62. The frequency distribution of agricultural holdings in
165-170 c 43 a village below :
170-175 5 48
Area of land (in 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13
175-180 2 d hectare)
Number of 20 45 80 55 40 12
families
From the table,
Find the modal agricultural holding of the village.
12 + a = 25 & a = 25 - 12 = 13 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
25 + 10 = b & b = 35, Class 5-7 has the maximum frequency 80,

therefore this is model class.
b + c = 43 & c = 43 - b = 13 - 35 = 8
and 48 + 2 = d & d = 50
Here l = 5 , f1 = 80 , f0 = 45 , h = 2 , f2 = 55
60. Find the mode of the following distribution :
^ f1 - f0h
Mode, Mo = l + h
Classes 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 2f1 - f0 - f2 #
30 35 40 45 50 55
= 5+ 80 - 45 2 = 5 + 35 # 2
Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14 160 - 45 - 55 # 60
Ans : = 6.17
Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 50,

63. Write the median class of the following distribution : 65. Find the mean of the following data :
Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- Class Frequency

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0.5-5.5 13
Frequency 4 4 8 10 12 8 4 5.5-10.5 16
Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2012] 10.5-15.5 22
We prepare following cumulative frequency 15.5-20.5 18
table to find median class.
20.5-25.5 11
Classes Frequency Less than c.f.
We prepare following table to find mean.
0-10 4 4
10-20 4 8 Class xi = l1 + l2 fi fi xi
2
20-30 8 16 0.5-5.5 3 13 39
30-40 10 26 5.5-10.5 8 16 128
40-50 12 38 10.5-15.5 13 22 286
50-60 8 46 15.5-20.5 18 18 324
60-70 4 50 20.5-25.5 23 11 253
N = 50 Total / fi = 80 1,030
We have N = 50 ; N = 25 / xi fi 1, 030
2 Mean x = = = 12.9
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 26 and
/ fi 80
is 20-20.
66. Find the mean number of plants per house from the
64. The following are the ages of 300 patients getting following data :
medical treatment in a hospital on a particular day :
Number 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14
Age (in 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 of plants
years) Number 1 2 1 5 6 2 3
Number 60 42 55 70 53 20 of houses
of
students
Form the ‘‘less than type’’ cumulative frequency
distribution table. Class xi = l1 + l2 fi fi xi
0-2 1 1 1
Age Number of Patients
2-4 3 2 6
Less then 20 60
4-6 5 1 5
Less then 30 102
6-8 7 5 35
Less then 40 157
8-10 9 6 54
Less then 50 227
10-12 11 2 22
Less then 60 280
12-14 13 3 39
Less then 70 300
Total 20 162
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 162 = 8.1
/ fi 20
Classes xi fi fi xi
Mean number of plants per house = 8.1.
0-6 3 7 21
67. Given below is a frequency distribution showing the 6-12 9 5 45
marks by 50 students of a class :
12-18 15 10 150
Marks Number of students 18-24 21 12 252
Below 20 17 24-30 27 6 162
Below 40 22 / fi = 40 / fi xi = 630
Below 60 29
Below 80 37 Mean M =
/ fi xi = 630 = 15.75
/ fi 40
Below 100 50
Form the distribution table for the above data. 70. The mean of the following frequency distribution is
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 25. Find the value of p .
Class Frequency Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

0-20 17 interval
20-40 5 Frequency 4 6 10 6 p
40-60 7 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
60-80 8 We prepare following table to find mean.

80-100 13 Class- Mid-Point fi fi xi
Total 50 Interval xi
0-10 5 4 20
68. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
: 10-20 15 6 90
Classes 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 20-30 25 10 250
Frequency 7 5 10 12 6 30-40 35 6 210
Ans : [Board Term-1 2013] 40-50 45 p 45 p
Class 18-24 has the maximum frequency 12, therefore 26 + p 570 + 45p
We have M =
/ fi xi
Now l = 18 , f1 = 12 , f0 = 10 , f2 = 6 , h = 6 / fi
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h 25 =
570 + 45p
1 0 2 26 + p
= 18 + 12 - 10 6 650 + 25p = 570 + 45p

24 - 10 - 6 #
650 - 570 = 45p - 25p
= 18 + 1.5 = 19.5
Thus p =4
69. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution
: 71. The data regarding the height of 50 girls of class X
of a school is given below :
Class 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
Height 120- 130- 140- 150- 160- Total
Frequency 7 5 10 12 6 (in cm) 130 140 150 160 170
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] Number 2 8 12 20 8 50
of girls
Change the above distribution to ‘more than type’

distribution. 160-165 5 51
74. Prepare a cumulative frequency distribution of ‘more
Heights No. of Girls than type’ for the following data :
more than 120 50
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
more than 130 48
Number 3 8 15 7 5
more than 140 40 of
more than 150 28 students
more than 160 6 Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
72. Convert the following distribution to more than We prepare following cumulative frequency table.
type, cumulative frequency distribution :
Marks Cumulative Frequency
Class 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
More than 0 38
Frequency 12 18 10 15 5
More than 10 35
More than 20 27
We prepare following cumulative frequency table.
More than 30 12
Class Cumulative Frequency More than 40 5
More than 50 60
75. Change the following distribution to ‘more than
More than 60 48
type’ of distribution :
More than 70 30
Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180-
More than 80 20
income (in 120 140 160 180 200
More than 90 5 Rs.)
Number of 12 14 8 6 10
73. Convert the following cumulative distribution to a students
frequency distribution :
Height less less less less less less
(in cm) than than than than than than We prepare following cumulative frequency table.
140 145 150 155 160 165
Daily income No. of workers
Number 4 11 29 40 46 51
More than 100 50
of
students More than 120 38
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] More than 140 24
We prepare following cumulative frequency More than 160 16

table. More than 180 10
Class Frequency Cumulative 76. Convert the following data into ‘more than type’
Frequency distribution :
135-140 4 4
Class 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75-
140-145 7 11 55 60 65 70 75 80
145-150 18 29 Frequency 2 8 12 24 38 16
150-155 11 40
155-160 6 46
We prepare following cumulative frequency
table.
We have l = 12 , f1 = 17 , f0 = 9 , f2 = 12 and h = 4
Class Frequency f1 - f0
Mo = l + c
2f1 - f0 - f2 m #
Mode h
More than 50 100
More than 55 98 = 12 + b 17 - 9
2 # 17 - 9 - 12 l #
4
More than 60 90
More than 65 78 = 12 + 8 # 4
13
More than 70 54
= 12 + 2.46
More than 75 16
= 14.46
77. Given below is a frequency distribution table showing
daily income of 100 workers of a factory : 79. The mean of the following frequency distribution is
18. The frequency f in the class interval 19-21 is
Daily 200- 300- 400- 500- 600- missing. Determine f .
income of 300 400 500 600 700
workers Class 11- 13- 15- 17- 19- 21- 23-
(in Rs.) interval 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Number 12 18 35 20 15 Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4
of Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
workers
Convert this table to a cumulative frequency Class Class Mark Frequency fi xi
distribution table of ‘more than type’. 11-13 12 3 36
13-15 14 6 84
Cumulative frequency distribution table
15-17 16 9 144
(more than type)
17-19 18 13 234
Daily income of workers Number of workers 19-21 20 f 20f
(in Rs.) 21-23 22 5 110
More than 200 100 23-25 24 4 96
More than 300 88 Total 40 + f 704 + 20f
More than 400 70
We have / fi = 40 + f
More than 500 35
More than 600 15 / fi xi = 704 + 20f
More than 700 0 Mean, M =

/ fi x i
/ fi
704 # 20f
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 18 =
40 + f
720 + 18f = 704 + 20f

78. Compute the mode for the following frequency
distribution: f =8
Size of items 0- 4- 8- 12- 16- 20- 24- 80. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
(in cm) 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 :
Frequency 5 7 9 17 12 10 6 Class 15- 20- 25- 30- 35- 40-
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] 20 25 30 35 40 45
Class 12-16 has the maximum frequency 17, therefore Frequency 3 8 9 10 3 2

this is model class. Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]

Class 30-35 has the maximum frequency 10, therefore = 3 # 21 - 2 # 23.4

= 63 - 46.8 = 16.2 cm
Now l = 30 , f0 = 9 , f1 = 10 , f2 = 3 and h = 5
82. The marks obtained by 110 students in an examination
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h are given below
1 0 2
10 - 9 Marks 30- 35- 40- 45- 5 0 - 5 5 - 60-

= 30 + b
2 # 10 - 9 - 3 l #
5 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Number of 14 16 28 23 18 8 3
= 30 + 5 Students
8
= 30 + 0.625 = 30.625 Find the mean marks of the students.

81. A TV reporter was given a task to prepare a report on
the rainfall of the city Dispur of Indian in a particular
year. After collecting the data, he analysed the data
Marks fi xi ui = xi - a fi ui
h
and prepared a report on the rainfall of the city, Using 30-35 14 32.5 -3 - 42
this report, he drew the following graph of a particular
time period of 66 days 35-40 16 37.5 -2 - 32
40-45 28 42.5 -1 - 28
45-50 23 47.5 0 0
50-55 18 52.5 1 18
55-60 8 57.5 2 16
60-65 3 62.5 3 9
/ f i = 110 / f iu i =- 59
Let a be assumed mean,
a = 47.5
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui
N #h
(- 59)
= 47.5 + 5
110 #
= 47.5 - 2.682 = 44.818

Based on the above graph, answer the following
questions : 83. The mean of the following distribution is 48 and sum
(i) Identify less than type ogive and more than type of all the frequency is 50. Find the missing frequencies
ogive from the given graph. x and y .
(ii) Find the median rainfall of Dispur.
(iii) Obtain the Mode of the data if mean rainfall is Class 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
23.4 cm Frequency 8 6 x 11 y
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, 2016]
(i) Curve-1 shows less than ogive and curve-2 shows
more than ogive. We prepare following table to find mean.
(ii) The abscissa of intersecting point of less than and
more than ogive give the median. Thus median is
C.I. f1 xi u i = xi - a fi ui
h
21 cm.
20-30 8 25 -2 -16
(iii) Mode of data,
30-40 6 35 -1 -6
Mo = 3Md - 2M
40-50 x 45=a 0 0
50-60 11 55 1 11 Hence, mean of daily expenditure on food is <211.
60-70 y 65 2 2y 85. The weekly expenditure of 500 families is tabulated

/ fi = / fi ui = below :
Total
25 + x + y 2y - 11 Weekly Expenditure(Rs.) Number of families
/ fi ui h 0-1000 150
Mean, M = a+
/ fi # 1000-2000 200
2y - 11 2000-3000 75
48 = 45 + 10
50 #
3000-4000 60
2y - 11 4000-5000 15
48 - 45 =
5
Find the median expenditure.
3 # 5 = 2y - 11 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
15 = 2y - 11 & y = 13 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
find median class.
Also / fi = 25 + x + y = 50
x + y = 25 Expenditure f (families) c.f.
0-1000 150 150
x = 25 - 13 = 12
1000-2000 200 350
Thus x = 12 and y = 13
2000-3000 75 425
84. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food 3000-4000 60 485
of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily
expenditure on food. 4000-5000 15 500
/ f = 500
Daily expenditure 100- 150- 200- 250- 300-
(in <) 150 200 250 300 350 We have N = 500 ; N = 250
2
Number of 4 5 12 2 2
households
the corresponding class is 1000-2000. Thus median
Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi] class is 1000-2000.
Let a = 225 be assumed mean, N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
Daily No. of (x i) ui = xi - a fi ui
Expenditure household h
( fi ) = 1000 + 250 - 150 # 1000
(in <) 200
100-150 4 125 -2 -8 = 1000 + 500 = 1, 500
150-200 5 175 -1 -5 Thus median expenditure is Rs. 1500 per week.
200-250 12 225 0 0
86. Following frequency distribution shows the expenditure
250-300 2 275 1 2
on milk of 30 households in a locality :
300-350 2 325 2 4
Daily 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150
/ fi = 25 / fi u i expenditure
=- 7 on milk (Rs.)
Mean, M = a+
/ fi u i h Number of 5 6 9 6 4
/ fi # households
^- 7h Find the mode for the above data.
= 225 + 50
25 # Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
= 225 - 14 = 211

Class 60-90 has the maximum frequency 9, therefore 88. Find the mean of the following distribution :
Height Less Less Less Less Less Less
(in cm) than than than than than than
Here, l1 = 60 , f1 = 9 , f0 = 6 , f2 = 6 and h = 30 .
75 100 125 150 175 200
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h No. of 5 11 14 18 21 28
1 0 2
students
= 60 + b 9-6
2 # 9 - 6 - 6l#
30 Height Less Less Less Less
(in cm) than than than than
225 250 275 300
= 60 + 30 # 3 = 60 + 15 = 75
6 No. of 33 37 45 50
87. Find the median of the following data : students
Height Less Less Less Less Less Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
(in cm) than than than than than We prepare following table to find mean.
120 140 160 180 200
Number 12 26 34 40 50 Class Frequency xi ui = fi ui
of Interval fi xi - a
students Height h
(in cm)
50-75 5 62.5 -5 -25
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to 75-100 6 87.5 -4 -24
find median class.
100-125 3 112.5 -3 -9
Height Frequency c.f . 125-150 4 137.5 -2 -8
100-120 12 12 150-175 3 162.5 -1 -3
120-140 14 26 175-200 7 0 0
140-160 8 34 200-225 5 212.5 1 5
160-180 6 40 225-250 4 237.5 2 8
180-200 10 50 250-275 8 262.5 3 24
Total N = 50 275-300 5 287.5 4 20
We have N = 50 ; N = 25 / fi = 50 / fi yi
2
=- 12
the corresponding class is 120-140. Thus median class Here, / fi ui =- 12 ; / fi = 50 , h = 25
is 120-140.
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h
N
-F / fi #
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
= 187.5 + - 12 # 25
50
= 120 + b 25 - 12 l # 20
14 = 187.5 - 6 = 181.5
= 120 + 260 89. The mean of the following distribution is 314.

14
Determine the missing frequency x .
= 120 + 18.57
Class 0-10 10- 20- 30- 40- 50-
= 138.57 20 30 40 50 60
Frequency 5 x 10 12 7 8
We prepare following table to find mean. = 60 + - 34 # 20

70
C.I. x f x-f fi ui
ui = = 60 - 9.71 = 50.29
h
1-10 5 5 -3 -15 91. Heights of students of class X are given in the
10-20 15 x -2 -2x following distribution :
20-30 25 10 -1 -10 Heights (in 150- 155- 160- 165- 170-

30-40 35 12 0 0 cm) 155 160 165 170 175
40-50 45 7 1 7 Number of 15 8 20 12 5
students
50-60 55 8 2 16
Total 42+x -2x-2 Find the modal height.
Let mid point of class 30-40 be assumed mean a .
a = 35
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h Now l = 160 , f1 = 20 , fo = 8 , f2 = 12 , h = 5
/ fi #
f1 - f0
31.4 = 35 + - 2x - 2 # 10 1 0 2
42 + x
= 160 + b 20 - 8
^2x + 2h 10 = ^42 + x h^3.6h 40 - 8 - 12 l #
5
20x + 20 = 151.2 + 3.6x

= 160 + b 12 l # 5
20
16.4x = 131.2 & x = 8
= 163
90. Calculate the mean of the following frequency
distribution : Thus modal height is 163 cm.
Class 10-30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90- 92. A school conducted a test (of 100 marks) in English
110 for students of Class X . The marks obtained by
Frequency 15 18 25 10 2 students are shown in the following table :
Ans : Marks 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
obtained 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number 1 2 4 15 15 25 15 10 2 1
C.I. fi xi u i = xi - a fi ui of
h students
10-30 15 20 -2 -30 Find the modal marks.
30-50 18 40 -1 -18 Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
50-70 25 60 = a 0 0 Class 50-60 has the maximum frequency 25, therefore
70-90 10 80 1 10 this is model class.
90-110 2 100 2 4 Here l = 50 , f1 = 25 , f0 = 15 , f2 = 15 , h = 10
Total / f = 70 / fi ui f1 - f0
=- 34 Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h
1 0 2
Let mid point of class 50-60 be assumed mean a . = 50 + 25 - 15 10

50 - 15 - 15 #
a = 60
= 50 + 10 # 10
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h 20
/ fi #

= 50 + 10 = 55 Class Frequencies
93. The following frequency distribution shows the 0-10 5
number of runs scored by some batsman of India in 10-20 x
one-day cricket matches :
20-30 20
Run scored 2000- 4000- 6000- 8000- 10000- 30-40 15
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
40-50 y
Number of 9 8 10 2 1
batsmen 50-60 5
Total 60
Find the mode for the above data.
Class 6000-8000 has the maximum frequency 10, We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
therefore this is model class. find median class.
Here f0 = 8 , f1 = 10 , f2 = 2 , h = 2000 , and l = 6000 C.I. f c.f.
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h 0-10 5 5
1 0 2
10-20 x x+5
= 6000 + b 10 - 8 l # 2000 20-30 20 x + 25
20 - 8 - 2
30-40 15 x + 40
= 6000 + 2 # 2000
10 40-50 y x + y + 40
= 6000 + 400 50-60 5 x + y + 45
= 6400
/ f = 60
Since, median is 28.5 which lies between 20-30. Thus
94. A group of students conducted a survey of their model class is 20-30.
locality to collect the data regarding number of plants
and recorded it in the following table : From table N = x + y + 45
60 = x + y + 45
Number 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15
of plants x + y = 60 - 45 = 15 ...(1)
Number 2 4 5 1 2 N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
of houses Median, h
Find the mode for the above data. 630 - ^x + 5h@

Ans : 28.5 = 20 + # 10
[Board Term-1 2015] 20
Class 6-9 has the maximum frequency 5, therefore this
is model class. 8.5 = 25 - x
2
Now l1 = 6 , f1 = 5 , f0 = 4 , f2 = 1, h = 3 25 - x = 17 & x = 25 - 17 = 8
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h From (1), y = 15 - 8 = 7
1 0 2
= 6+ 5-4 3
10 - 4 - 1 #
96. Find the mean and mode of the following frequency
distribution :
= 6 + 1 # 3 = 6 + 0.6 = 6.6
5
Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60-
95. If the median for the following frequency distribution 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
is 28.5, find the value of x and y :
Frequency 3 8 10 15 7 4 3
We prepare following table to find mean. Let assumed mean, a = 35 and given h = 10 .
Classes xi fi fi xi Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
0-10 5 3 15
10-20 15 8 120 = 35 + - 44 # 10
65
20-30 25 10 250 = 35 - 6.76 = 28.24
30-40 35 15 525
98. If the mean of the following data is 14.7, find the
40-50 45 7 315 values of p and q .
50-60 55 4 220
Class 0-6 6- 12- 18- 24- 30- 36- Total
60-70 65 3 195 12 18 24 30 36 42
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 1640 Frequency 10 p 4 7 q 4 1 40
/ fi xi Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]

Mean M = = 1640 = 32.8
/ fi 50
Class xi fi fi xi
this is model class. 0-6 3 10 30
Here l = 30 , f1 = 15 , f2 = 7 , f0 = 10 , h = 10 6-12 9 p 9p
f1 - f0 12-18 15 4 60
1 0 2 18-24 21 7 147
15 - 10 24-30 27 q 27q
= 30 + 10
30 - 10 - 7 # 30-36 33 4 132
= 30 + 5 # 10 36-42 39 1 39
13
Total / fi = / fi xi =
= 30 + 50 26 + p + q = 40 408 + 9p + 27q
13
= 30 + 3.85 = 33.85 We have / fi = 40 ,
26 + p + q = 40
97. Find the mean of the following distribution by step
deviation method : p + q = 14 ...(1)
Class 0-10 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- Mean M =

/ xi fi
20 30 40 50 60 / fi
Frequency 5 13 20 15 7 5 408 + 9p + 27q
14.7 =
40
588 = 408 + 9p + 27q
Class xi ui = fi fi ui
180 = 9p + 27q
(Class xi - a
Marks) h p + 3q = 20 ...(2)
0-10 5 -3 5 -15 Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have,
10-20 15 -2 13 -26 2q = 6 & q = 3
20-30 25 -1 20 -20 Substituting this value of q in equation (2) we get
30-40 35 0 15 0 p = 14 - q = 14 - 3 = 11
40-50 45 1 7 7 Hence, p = 11, q = 3
50-60 55 2 5 10
Total / fi = 65 / fi ui = - 44

99. Find the mean and median for the following data : 500-600 5 58+f
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 600-700 2 60+f
Frequency 8 16 36 34 6 60 + f
From table, N = 60 + f & N =
2 2
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to Since median is 240 which lies between class 200-300.
find median class. Thus median class is 200-300.
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Class xi (class fi fi xi c.f. Median, h
marks)
60 + f
- 32
0-10 5 8 40 8 240 = 200 + = 2
G # 100
f
10-20 15 16 240 24
60 + f - 64
20-30 25 36 900 60 40 = ; E # 100
2f
30-40 35 34 1190 94
8f = 10f - 40
40-50 45 6 270 100
2f = 40 & f = 20
/ fi = 100 / fi xi = 2640
101.The following table shows the weights (in gms) of a
Mean M =
/ fi xi = 2640 = 26.4 sample of 100 apples, taken from a large consignment
/ fi 100 :
We have N = 100 ; N = 50 Weight 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120-
2
(in 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 60 and gms)
the corresponding class is 20-30. Thus median class No. of 8 10 12 16 18 14 12 10
is 20-30. Apples
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
Median, 2
h Find the median weight of apples.
= 20 + 50 - 24 # 10
36
C.I. 50- 60- 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120-
= 20 + 7.22 = 27.22 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
f 8 10 12 16 18 14 12 10
100.If the median of the following data is 240, then find c.f. 8 18 30 46 64 78 90 100
the value of f :
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
Classes 0- 100- 200- 300- 400- 500- 600- 2
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 64 and
Frequency 15 17 f 12 9 5 2 is 90-100.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
find median class. = 90 + b 50 - 46 l # 10
18
Classes fi c.f.
= 90 + 40 = 92.2
0-100 15 15 18
100-200 17 32 = 92.2 gm.
200-300 f 32+f Thus median weight is 92.2.
300-400 12 44+f
102.The mean of the following distribution is 53. Find the
400-500 9 53+f
missing frequency p :
Mean, M =
/ xi fi = 3020 = 60.4
/ fi 50
Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-
104.Weekly income of 600 families is given below
100
:
Frequency 12 15 32 p 13
Income 0- 1000- 2000- 3000- 4000- 5000-
(in Rs.) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Class xi fi fi xi No. of 250 190 100 40 15 5
(Class marks) Families
0-20 10 12 120 Find the median.
20-40 30 15 450 Ans : [Board 2010]
40-60 50 32 1600 We prepare following cumulative frequency table to

find median class.
60-80 70 p 70p
80-100 90 13 1170 Income No. of Families c.f.
Total / fi = / fi xi = 0-1000 250 250
72 + p 3340 + 70p 1000-2000 190 440
/ fi xi 2000-3000 100 540
Mean, x =
/ fi 3000-4000 40 580
3340 + 70p 4000-5000 15 595
53 =
72 + p
5000-6000 5 600
3340 + 70p = 53 ^72 + p h N = 600
3340 + 70p = 3816 + 53p
We have N = 600 ; N = 300
2
70p - 53p = 3816 - 3340 Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 440 and
17p = 476 the corresponding class is 1000-2000. Thus median
class is 1000-2000.
p = 476 = 28 N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
f n
17 2
h
103.Find the mean of the following data :
= 1000 + b 300 - 250 l # 1000
Classes 0-20 20- 40- 60- 80- 100- 190
40 60 80 100 120 = 1000 + 50 # 1000 = 1000 + 5000
190 19
Frequency 6 8 10 12 8 6
= 1000 + 263.16
= 1263.16 = Rs. 1263.16
105.Find the mean for the following data :
Classes Frequency Mid fi xi
points Class 24.5- 29.5- 34.5- 39.5- 44.5- 49.5- 54.5-
29.5 34.5 39.5 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5
0-20 6 10 60
Frequency 4 14 22 16 6 5 3
20-40 8 30 240
40-60 10 50 500
60-80 12 70 840 We prepare following table to find mean.
80-100 8 90 720 Class Class fi fi xi

100-120 6 110 660 marks ^xi h
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 3020 24.5-29.5 27 4 108

29.5-34.5 32 14 448 We prepare following table to find mean.
34.5-39.5 37 22 814 C.I. fi xi xi fi

39.5-44.5 42 16 672 0-20 15 10 150
44.5-49.5 47 6 282 20-40 22 30 660
49.5-54.5 52 5 260 40-60 37 50 1850
54.5-59.5 57 3 171 60-80 25 70 1750
/ fi = 70 / fi xi = 2, 755 80-100 21 90 1890
/ fi xi / fi = 120 / xi fi = 6, 300
Mean M = = 2755 = 39.36
/ fi 70
/ fi xi
Mean M = = 6300 = 52.5
/ fi 120
106.Find the mode of following data :
Marks Below Below Below Below Below 108.The sum of deviations of a set of values x1 , x2 , x3 ,
10 20 30 40 50 ............, xn , measured from 50 is - 10 and the sum of
deviations of the values from 46 is 70. Find the value
Number 8 20 45 58 70 of n and the mean.
of Ans : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2013]
students
We have,
n n
/ ^xi - 50h =- 10 and / (xi - 46) = 70
i=1 i=1
Class-Interval Frequency
n
0-10 8 / xi - 50n =- 10 ...(1)
i=1
10-20 12
n
20-30 25 and / xi - 46n = 70 ...(2)
i=1
30-40 13 Subtracting (2) from (1) we get,
40-50 12
- 4n =- 80 & n = 20
Total 70 Substituting this value of n in equation (1) we have
Class 20-30 has the maximum frequency, therefore n
this is model class. / xi - 50 # 20 =- 10

i=1
Now l = 20 , f1 = 25 , f2 = 13 , f0 = 12 , h = 10 n
/ xi = 990
i=1
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h n
M = 1 c / xi m = 990 = 49.5
1 0 2
Mean
n i=1 20
= 20 + b 25 - 12
50 - 12 - 13 l #
10
Hence, n = 20 and mean = 49.5
= 20 + 13 # 10 109.Prove that / ^xi - x h = 0

25
= 20 + 5.2 = 25.2
n
We have x = 1 c / xi m
107.Find the mean of the following data : n i=1
n
Class Less Less Less Less Less nx = / xi
i=1
than than than than than
20 40 60 80 100 n
Now, / ^xi - x h = ^x1 - x h + ^x2 - x h + ... + ^xn - x h
Frequency 15 37 74 99 120 i=1
n
Ans : [Board Term-1 2011] / ^xi - x h = (x1 + x2 + ... + xn) - nx
i=1
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n n n
/ ^xi - x h = / xi - nx = / ^xi - x h I term +1
i=1 i=1 i=1
II term +2
n
III term +3
Hence, / ^xi - x h =0
i=1 n terms + n
110.Compute the median from the following data : The mean of the new numbers is
n ^n + 1h
^n + 1h
Mid-values 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195
x+ 2 =x=
Frequency 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3 n 2
112. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution :
Here, the mid-values are given So, we should first
find the upper and lower limits of the various classes. Class-Interval f
The difference between two consecutive values is 25-35 7
h = 125 - 115 = 10
35-45 31
Lower limit of a class = Mid-value - h 45-55 33
2
55-65 17
Upper limit = Mid- value + h
2 65-75 11
75-85 1
Mid-value Class Frequency Cumulative
Groups Frequency
115 110-120 6 6 Class 44-45 has the maximum frequency 33, therefore
125 120-130 25 31
135 130-140 48 79 Now l1 = 45 , f0 = 31, f1 = 33 f2 = 17 , h = 10
f1 - f0
145 140-150 72 151 Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
1 0 2
155 150-160 116 267
= 45 + 33 - 31 10
165 106-170 60 327 66 - 31 - 17 #
175 170-180 38 365
= 45 + 2 # 10 = 46.1
185 180-190 22 387 18
195 190-200 3 390 113.The mode of a distribution is 55 and the modal class
is 45-60 and the frequency preceding the modal class
Now N = 390 ; N
= 195
is 5 and the frequency after the modal class is 10.
2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 36 and Find the frequency of the modal class.
the corresponding class is 150-160. Thus median class Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2015]
is 150-160.
Here, l = 150 , f = 116 , h = 10 , F = 151 Mode, Mo = 55
N
-F Modal class = 45 - 60
Median, Md = l + d
f n
2
h
Frequency of the class preceding,
f1 = 5
= 150 + 195 - 151 # 10
116
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class,
= 153.8 f2 = 10
Let the frequency of modal class be f .
111.The mean of n observations is x , if the first term is
increased by 1, second by 2 and so on. What will be f - f1
Mode Mo = l + h
the new mean ? 2f - f1 - f2 #

f-5 From table we have

55 = 45 + 15
2f - 5 - 10 #
76 + x + y = 100
f-5
10 = c
2f - 15 m #
15 x + y = 100 - 76 = 24 ...(1)
10 = f - 5 Here median is 525 which lies between class 500 - 600.
15 2f - 15 Thus median class is 500-600.
2 f - 15 N
-F
Median, Md = l + d
3 = 2f - 15 f n
2
h
4f - 30 = 3f - 15 100
- (36 + x)
525 = 500 + ; 2
E # 100
4f - 3f =- 15 + 30 & f = 15 20
25 = (50 - 36 - x) 5
14 - x = 25 = 5
5
114.The median of the following data is 525. Find the x = 14 - 5 = 9

values of x and y , if total frequency is 100 : Substituting the value of x is equation (1), we get
Class Frequency y = 24 - 9 = 15
0-100 2 Hence, x = 9 and y = 15
100-200 5
115.Daily wages of 110 workers, obtained in a survey, are
200-300 x tabulated below :
300-400 12
Daily 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- 200- 220-
400-500 17 Wages 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
500-600 20 (in<)
600-700 y Number 10 15 20 22 18 12 13
of
700-800 9
Workers
800-900 7
Compute the mean daily wages an modal daily wages
900-1000 4 of these workers.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi STD] Ans : [Board 2020 SQP STD]
Let a = 170 be assumed mean.

We prepare cumulative frequency table as given below.
CI xi (f) xi - 170 xi - 170 fi ui
Class Interval Frequency (f) Cum. freq. c.f. 20
0-100 2 2
100-120 110 10 - 60 -3 - 30
100-200 5 7
120-140 130 15 - 40 -2 - 30
200-300 x 7+x
140-160 150 20 - 20 -1 - 20
300-400 12 19 + x
400-500 17 36 + x 160-180 170 22 0 0 0
500-600 20 56 + x 180-200 190 18 20 1 18
600-700 y 56 + x + y 200-220 210 12 40 2 24
700-800 9 65 + x + y 220-240 230 13 60 3 39
800-900 7 72 + x + y / fi / fi ui
900-1000 4 76 + x + y = 110 =1
N = 100
Mean, x = a+
/ fi ui h Now, Median = 3.25
/ fi # N
- cf
l +d 2
n # h = 32.5
= 170 + 1 # 20 f
110
20 - ^14 + f1h
= 170 + 0.1818 = 170.1818 30 + c m # 10 = 32.5
12
Hence, mean daily wages of the workers is < 170.1818
6 - f1
Here the maximum frequency is 22 and the c m 10 = 2.5
12 #
corresponding class is 160-180. So, 160-180 is modal
class. 60 - 10f1
= 2.5
12
Now l = 160 , h = 20 , f = 22 , fi = 20 and f2 = 18
f - f1 60 - 10f1 = 30
Mode Mo = l + h
2f - fi - f2 #
10f1 = 30 & f1 = 3
= 160 + 22 - 20 20
2 # 22 - 20 - 18 # From equation (1), we get f2 = 9 - 3 = 6
Hence, f1 = 3 and f2 = 6
= 160 + 40
6 117.The arithmetic mean of the following frequency
distribution is 53. Find the value of k .
= 160 + 6.666 = 166.67
Hence, modal daily wages of the workers is < 166.67. Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Frequency 12 15 32 k 13
116.If the median of the following frequency distribution
is 32.5. Find the values of f1 and f2 . Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- Total

Class Class Frequency fi x i
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Interval Marks (x i ) ( fi )
Frequency f1 5 9 12 f2 3 2 40
0-20 10 12 120
20-40 30 15 450
40-60 50 32 1600
Class Frequency ( f ) Cumulative
Frequency (cf ) 60-80 70 k 70k
0-10 f1 f1 80-100 90 13 1170
10-20 5 f1 + 5 Total 72 + k 3340 + 70k
20-30 9 f1 + 14 / fi x i
Mean, M =
30-40 12 f1 + 26 / fi
40-50 f2 f1 + f2 + 26
53 = 3340 + 70k
72 + k
50-60 3 f1 + f2 + 29
60-70 2 f1 + f2 + 31 53 ^72 + k h = 3340 + 70k
N = / f = 40 3816 + 53k = 3340 + 70k
Now, f1 + f2 + 31 = 40 70k - 53k = 3816 - 3340
f1 + f2 = 9 17k = 476 & k = 28

Hence, value of k is 28.
f2 = 9 - f1 ...(1)
Since median is 32.5, which lies in 30-40, median class 118.Find the mode of the following frequency distribution
is 30-40.
Class 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50-
Here l = 30 , N = 40 = 20 , f = 12 and F = 14 + f1 Interval 30 35 40 45 50 55
2 2

Frequency 25 34 50 42 38 14 Salary No. of Persons (f) c.f.

(In thousand <)
15-20 63 245
Class Interval Frequency 20-25 15 260
25-30 25 25-30 6 266
30-35 34 30-35 7 273
35-40 50 35-40 4 277
40-45 42 40-45 2 279
45-50 38 45-50 1 280
50-55 14
We have N = 280 = 140
Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 50, therefore 2 2
this is model class. Commutative frequency greater than just greater
Now, l = 35 f1 = 50 , f0 = 34 , f2 = 42 , h = 5 than N2 = 140 is 182 and the corresponding class is
10-15. Thus median class is 10-15.
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h N
-F
Median Md = l + e
f o
2
1 0 2 h
= 35 + b 50 - 34
2 # 50 - 34 - 42 l #
5 (140 - 49)
= 10 + #5
133
= 35 + 16 # 5
24 = 10 + 91 # 5
133
= 35 + 10 = 13.42
3
= 105 + 10 = 115 = 38.33 Median salary is < 13.42 thousand or < 13420 (approx)
3 3
120.The mean of the following distribution is 18. Find the
119.The table below show the salaries of 280 persons:
frequency of the class 19-21.
Salary (In thousand <) No. of Persons
Class 11- 13- 15- 17- 19- 21- 23-
5-10 49 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
10-15 133 Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4
15-20 63 Ans : [Board 2018]
20-25 15
25-30 6 Class Class mark Frequency (f) fi xi
30-35 7 11-13 12 3 36
35-40 4 13-15 14 6 84
40-45 2 15-17 16 9 144
45-50 1 17-19 18 13 234

19-21 20 f 20f
Calculate the median salary of the data.
Ans : [Board 2018] 21-23 22 5 110
23-25 24 4 96
Salary No. of Persons (f) c.f.
40 + f 704 + 20f
(In thousand <)
5-10 49 49 Sfi xi
Mean, M = Sf
i
10-15 133 182
704 + 20f ages is as shown in the following table :

18 =
40 + f
Ages (in 05- 07- 09- 11- 13- 15- 17-
720 + 18f = 704 + 20f & f = 8 years) 07 09 11 13 15 17 19
121.Literacy rates of 40 cities are given in the following Number 70 120 32 100 45 28 5
table. It is given that mean literacy rate is 63.5, then of
find the missing frequencies x and y . students
Find mean and median of the above data.
Literacy 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85-
rate (in 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Ans : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
%)
Number 1 2 3 x y 6 8 4 2 3 2
find mean and median.
of cities
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fi ui

xi - a
We prepare following table to find mean. h
05-07 70 70 6 -3 -210
C.I. xi ui fi fi ui 07-09 120 190 8 -2 -240
35-40 37.5 -5 1 -5 09-11 32 222 10 -1 -32
40-45 42.5 -4 2 -8 11-13 100 322 12 0 0
45-50 75.5 -3 3 -9 13-15 45 367 14 1 45
50-55 52.5 -2 x -2x 15-17 28 395 16 2 56
55-60 57.5 -1 y -y 17-19 5 400 18 3 15
60-65 62.5 = a 0 6 0 / fi / fi ui
65-70 67.5 1 8 8 = 400 =- 366
70-75 72.5 2 4 8
Assumed mean, a = 12
75-80 77.5 3 2 6
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
80-85 82.5 4 3 12 / fi #
85-90 87.5 5 2 10
= 12 + - 366 # 2
Total / fi = / fi ui = 400
31 + x + y 22 - 2x - y
= 12 - 183 = 12 - 1.83
100
Here, / fi = 31 + x + y = 40 = 10.17
x+y = 9 ...(1) We have N = 400 ; N = 200
2
/ fi ui = 22 - 2x - y
Mean M = a+
/ fi ui h the corresponding class is 9-11. Thus median class is
/ fi # 9-11.
^22 - 2x - y h -F
N
Md = l + d
f n
2
63.5 = 62.5 + #5 Median, h
40
2x + y = 14 ...(2) = 9 + 200 - 190 # 2

32
Solving equation (1) and (2) we have x = 5 and y = 4
= 9 + 10 # 2 = 9 + 0.625
32
122.On annual day of a school, 400 students participated
in the function. Frequency distribution showing their = 9.625

123.The following distribution gives the weights of 60 Ans : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2015]
students of a class. Find the mean and mode weights We prepare following table to find mean.
of the students.
Age xi fi fi xi
Weight 40- 44- 48- 52- 56- 60- 64- 68-
(in kg) 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 5-7 6 67 402
Number 4 6 10 14 10 8 6 2 7-9 8 33 264

of 9-11 10 41 410
students
11-13 12 95 1140
13-15 14 36 504
We prepare following table to find mean. 15-17 16 13 208
17-19 18 15 270
C.I. xi fi ui = xi - a fi ui
h / fi = 300 / fi xi = 3, 198
40-44 42 4 -3 -12
Mean, M =
/ fi xi =
3, 198
= 10.66
44-48 46 6 -2 -12 / fi 300
48-52 50 10 -1 -10 Class 11-13 has the maximum frequency 95, therefore
52-56 54 = a 14 0 0 this is model class.
56-60 58 10 1 10 Now l = 11, f1 = 95 , f0 = 41, f2 = 36 , h = 2

60-64 62 8 2 16 f1 - f0
1 0 2
64-68 66 6 3 18
= 11 + 95 - 41 2
68-72 70 2 4 8 190 - 41 - 36 #
/ fi = 60 / fi ui = 18
= 11 + 54 # 2
113
Let a be assumed mean where a = 54
= 11 + 0.95 = 11.95
Mean, M = a+
/ fi ui h
/ fi #
125.The median of the following data is 525. Find the
= 54 + 18 # 4 = 55.2 values of x and y if the total frequency is 100.
60
Class 52-56 has the maximum frequency 14, therefore Class Interval Frequency
this is model class. 0-100 2
Here l = 52 , f1 = 14 , f0 = 10 , f2 = 10 , h = 4 100-200 5
f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + d 2f - f - f n h 200-300 x
1 0 2
300-400 12
= 52 + 14 - 10 # 4 = 54 400-500 17
28 - 10 - 10
500-600 20
Hence mean is 55.2 and mode is 5.
600-700 y
124.On the sports day of a school, 300 students participated.
Their ages are given in the following distribution : 700-800 9
800-900 7
Age (in 5-7 7-9 9-11 11- 13- 15- 17-
years) 13 15 17 19 900-1000 4
Number 67 33 41 95 36 13 15 Ans : [Board Term-1 2013]

of We prepare following cumulative frequency table to
students find median class.
Find the mean and mode of the data.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency C.I. f c.f.

0-100 2 2 0-175 10 10
100-200 5 7 157-350 14 24
200-300 x 7+x 350-525 15 39
300-400 12 19+ x 525-700 21 60
400-500 17 36+ x 700-875 28 88
500-600 20 56+ x 875-1050 7 95
600-700 y 56+ x+y 1050-1225 5 100
700-800 9 65+ x+y N = 100
800-900 7 72+ x+y
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
900-1000 4 76+ x+y 2
N = 100 the corresponding class is 525-700. Thus median class
is 525-700.
Here median is 525, which lies between class 500-600.
Thus median class is 500-600. N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
Now, 76 + x + y = 100
= 525 + 50 - 39 # 175
x + y = 100 - 76 = 24 ...(1) 21
N
-F
Md = l + d = 525 + 11 # 175
f n
2
Median, h 21
100 - 36 + x
^ hH = 525 + 91.6 = 616.6
525 = 500 + > 2 # 100
20
25 = ^50 - 36 - x h 5 therefore this is model class.
25
^14 - x h = 5 = 5 Here l = 700 , f0 = 21, f1 = 28 f2 = 7 , h = 175
f1 - f0
x = 14 - 5 = 9 Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
1 0 2
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), 28 - 21

= 700 + b
2 # 28 - 21 - 7 l #
175
y = 24 - 9 = 15
Hence, x = 9 and y = 15 = 700 + 7 # 175
28
126.Monthly expenditures on milk in 100 families of a
= 700 + 43.75
housing society are given in the following frequency
distribution : = 743.75
Monthly 0- 175- 350- 525- 700- 875- 1050- 127.Calculate the average daily income (in Rs.) of the
expenditure 175 350 525 700 875 1050 1125 following data about men working in a company :
(in Rs.)
Number of 10 14 15 21 28 7 5 Daily < 100 < 200 < 300 < 400 < 500
families income
(Rs.)
Find the mode and median for the distribution.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016] Number 12 28 34 41 50
of men
find median class. Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

Class xi (class fi fi xi 129.If the mean of the following frequency distribution

mark) is 91, and sum of frequency is 150, find the missing
frequency x and y :
0-100 50 12 600
100-200 150 16 2400 Class 0- 30 30- 60- 90- 120- 150-
60 90 120 150 180
20-300 250 6 1500
Frequency 12 21 x 52 y 11
300-400 350 7 2450
400-500 450 9 4050
/ fi = 50 / fi xi = 11, 000
Class xi fi fi xi
Mean M =
/ xi fi = 11000 (Class
/ fi 50 marks)
= 200 0-30 15 12 180
Average daily income is Rs. 220. 30-60 45 21 945

60-90 75 x 75x
128.The following table gives the life time of 200 bulbs.
Calculate the mean life time of a bulb by step 90-120 105 52 5460
deviation method : 120-150 135 y 135y
Life time 400- 500- 600- 700- 800- 900- 150-180 165 11 1815
(in hours) 499 599 699 799 899 999 Total /f= i / fx = i i
Number of 24 47 39 42 34 14 x + y + 96 = 150 8400 + 75x + 135y

bulbs
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] 96 + x + y = 150
We prepare following table to find mean. x + y = 54 ...(1)
Life time xi u i = xi - a fi fi ui
x =
/ fi xi
(in hrs) h / fi
399.5-499.5 449.5 -2 24 -48 8400 + 75x + 135y
91 =
499.5-599.5 549.5 -1 47 -47 150
599.5-699.5 649.5 0 39 0 13650 = 8, 400 + 75x + 135y
699.5-799.5 749.5 1 42 42 75x + 135y = 5250
799.5-899.5 849.5 2 34 68
5x + 9y = 350 ...(2)
899.5-999.5 949.5 3 14 42
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 34 and y = 20
Total / fi / fi ui
= 200 = 57 130.Find the median of the following data :
Let a be assumed mean, Profit (in lakh of rupee) Number of shops
a = 649.5 More than of equal to 5 30
M = a +e
/ fi ui h More than of equal to 10 28
Mean,
/ fi # o More than of equal to 15 16
= 649.5 + 57 # 100 More than of equal to 20 14
200
More than of equal to 25 10
= 649.5 + 28.5 = 678
Hence, mean life time of a bulb is 678 hours.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] Since median is 31, which lies between 30-40. Thus
We prepare following cumulative frequency table to median class is 30-40.
find median class. Here from table, N = 22 + x + y
Class f c.f. 40 = 22 + x + y
5-10 2 2 x + y = 18 ...(1)
10-15 12 14 N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
15-20 2 16
20-25 4 20 20 - ^11 + x h
31 = 30 + = G # 10
25-30 3 23 y
30-35 4 27 ^9 - x h # 10
1 =
35-40 3 30 y
Total / f = 30 = N y = 90 - 10x
We have N = 30 ; N = 15 10x + y = 90 ...(2)

2
Cumulative frequency just greater than N2 is 16 and Solving equation (1) and (2) we get x = 8 and y = 10
is 15-20. 132.Find the mode of the following distribution of marks
N
-F obtained by the students in an examination :
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Now, l = 15 , N = 30 , F = 14 , f = 2 h = 5 obtained
N
-F Number 15 18 21 29 17
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h of
students
= 15 + b 15 - 14 l # 5 Given the mean of the above distribution is 53, using
2
empirical relationship estimate the value of its median.
= 15 + 2.5 = 17.5 Ans : [Board Term-1 SQP 2017]
131.Find the value of x and y , if the median for the Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 29, therefore
following data is 31. this is model class.
Classes 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- Total

Here, l = 60 , f1 = 29 , f0 = 21, f2 = 17 and h = 20
10 20 30 40 50 60 f1 - f0
Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
Frequency 5 x 6 y 6 5 40 1 0 2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] = 60 + 8 20

58 - 38 #
find median class. = 60 + 8 = 68
C.I. f c.f. Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
0-10 5 5 = 68 + 2 # 53
10-20 x 5+x Md = 174 = 58
3
20-30 6 11+ x
30-40 y 11+ x+y Hence median is 58.
40-50 6 17+ x+y

50-60 5 22+ x+y
Total 40

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS (a) 20 (b) 40

(c) 60 (d) 80
133.The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is a system of Ans :
premier central government schools in India that are (i) Since numbers of students are 100,
instituted under the aegis of the Ministry of Education
(MHRD), Government of India. As of October 2020, 15 + 18 + 21 + 29 + p = 100
it has a total of 1239 schools. It is one of the world’s 83 + p = 100
largest chains of schools. The system came into being
in 1963 under the name ‘Central Schools’. Later, the p = 100 - 83 = 17
name was changed to Kendriya Vidyalaya. Its schools Thus (c) is correct option.
are all affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary
(ii) Class 60-80 has the maximum frequency 29,
Education (CBSE). The objective of KVS is to cater
therefore this is model class. Lower limit of this class
to the educational needs of the children of transferable
is 60.
Central Government employees including Defence
and Para-Military personnel by providing a common Thus (c) is correct option.
programme of education. (iii) Here, l = 60 , f1 = 29 , f0 = 21, f2 = 17 and h = 20
f1 - f0
1 0 2
= 60 + 29 - 21 20
2 # 29 - 21 - 17 #
= 60 + 8 20
58 - 38 #
= 60 + 8 = 68
(iv) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M = 68 + 2 # 53
Commissioner of Regional office Jaipur prepare a
table of the marks obtained of 100 students which is Md = 174 = 58
3
given below
Hence median is 58.
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Thus (a) is correct option.
obtained
(v) Since median is 58 and corresponding class is 40-
Number of 15 18 21 29 p 60. Upper limit of this class is 60.
students Thus (c) is correct option.
He was told that mean marks of a student is 53.
134.Student-teacher ratio expresses the relationship
(i) How many students got marks between 80-100?
between the number of students enrolled in a school
(a) 21 (b) 38 and the number teachers employed by the school.
(c) 17 (d) 26 Student-teacher ratio is important for a number of
reasons. It can be used as a tool to measure teacher
(ii) What is the lower limit of model class ?
workload as well as the allocation of resources. A low
(a) 20 (b) 40 student-teacher ratio indicates the burden on a single
(c) 60 (d) 80 teacher of teaching multiple students as well as the
lack of time that each student gets.
(iii) What is the value of model marks ?
(a) 58 (b) 62
(c) 65 (d) 68
(iv) What is the value of median marks ?
(a) 58 (b) 62
(c) 65 (d) 72 A survey was conducted in the 100 secondary school
(v) What is the upper limit of median class ? of Rajasthan and following frequency distribution
table was prepared N

-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
(ii) Median, h
Students per teacher Number of School
20-25 5 = 35 + 50 - 45 # 5
30
25-30 15 = 35 + = 215 = 35.83
5
6 6
30-35 25
35-40 30
(iii) Class 35-40 has the maximum frequency 30,
40-45 15 therefore this is model class. Lower limit of this class
45-50 10 is 35.
(i) What is the upper limit of median class ?
(iv) Here, l = 35 , f1 = 30 , f0 = 25 , f2 = 15 and h = 5
(a) 25 (b) 40
f1 - f0
(c) 35 (d) 35 Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
1 0 2
(ii) What is the median value of students per teacher? 30 - 25

= 35 + 5
(a) 25.67 (b) 37.67 60 - 25 - 15 #
(c) 35.83 (d) 39.67 = 35 + 5 # 5
20
(iii) What is the lower limit of model class ? = 35 + 1.25 = 36.25
(a) 20 (b) 40 Thus (b) is correct option.
(c) 35 (d) 45 (v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
(iv) What is the model value of students per teacher ? 3 # 215 = 36.25 + 2M
(a) 35.25 (b) 36.25 6
(c) 37.25 (d) 39.25 2 # 215 = 4 # 36.25 + 8M
(v) What is the mean value of students per teacher ? 430 = 145 + 8M
(a) 35.625 (b) 36.250 8M = 430 - 145 = 285
(c) 38.500 (d) 39.275
285
M = 8 = 35.625
Ans :
(i) We prepare following cumulative frequency table
to find median class. 135.Formula one Portugese Grand Prix technical team at
the Algarve International Circuit are analysing last
Students per teacher Number of School c.f year data of drivers’ performance to provide valuable
20-25 5 5 inferences to commentators on how the drivers can
improve this year.
25-30 15 20
30-35 25 45
35-40 30 75
40-45 15 90
45-50 10 100
N = 100
We have N = 100 ; N = 50
2
the corresponding class is 35-40. Thus median class is The length of time taken by 80 drivers to complete a
35-40 and upper limit is 40. journey is given in the table below:

Times 70- 80- 90- 100- 110- 120- (iv) Here, l = 110 , f1 = 24 , f0 = 20 , f2 = 8 and h = 10
(in minutes) 80 90 100 110 120 130 f1 - f0
Number of 4 10 14 20 24 8 1 0 2
drivers 24 - 20
= 110 + 10
2 # 24 - 20 - 8 #
(i) What is the estimate of the mean time taken to
complete the journey ? = 110 + 4 # 10 = 112
20
(a) 104.25 minute (b) 94 minute Thus (a) is correct option.
(c) 101.5 minute (d) 112 minute
(v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M = 112 + 2 # 104.25
(ii) In which interval does the median of the
= 320.5
distribution lie?
(a) 80-90 (b) 90-100 Md = 320.5 = 106.83
3
(c) 100-110 (d) 110-120 Thus (a) is correct option.
(iii) In which interval does the mode of the distribution 136.Amul, is an Indian dairy cooperative society, based
lie? at Anand in the Gujarat. Formed in 1946, it is a
(a) 80-90 (b) 90-100 cooperative brand managed by a cooperative body,
(c) 100-110 (d) 110-120 the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation
Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by 36
(iv) What is the model time taken to complete journey ? lakh (3.6 million) milk producers in Gujarat. Amul
(a) 112 minute (b) 118 minute spurred India’s White Revolution, which made the
(c) 101 minute (d) 108 minute country the world’s largest producer of milk and milk
products.
(v) What is the median time taken to complete
journey ?
(a) 107 minute (b) 118 minute
(c) 98 minute (d) 103 minute
Ans :
(i) We prepare the following table :
C.I. fi c.f. xi fi xi
70-80 4 4 75 300
80-90 10 14 85 850
90-100 14 28 95 1330
100-110 20 48 105 2100 Survey manager of Amul dairy has recorded monthly
expenditures on milk in 100 families of a housing
110-120 24 72 115 2760
society. This is given in the following frequency
120-130 8 80 125 1000 distribution :
/ f i = 80 / fi xi = 8340 Monthly expenditure (in Rs.) Number of families
M =
/ fi xi
= 8390 = 104.25 0-175 10
/ fi 80
Thus (a) is correct option. 175-350 14
(ii) Cumulative frequency just greater than 350-525 15
2 = 2 = 40 is 48 and the corresponding class is 100-
N 80
525-700 x
110. Thus median class is 100-110.
Thus (c) is correct option. 700-875 28
(iii) Class 110-120 has the maximum frequency 24, 875-1050 7
therefore this is model class. 1050-1225 5
(i) How many families spend between Rs 350- 700 on

milk ? = 525 + 50 - 39 # 175
21
(a) 21 (b) 38
(c) 17 (d) 36 = 525 + 11 # 175
21
(ii) What is the upper limit of median class ?
(a) 1225 (b) 875 = 525 + 91.6 = 616.6
(c) 1050 (d) 700 Thus (d) is correct option.
(iv) Class 700-875 has the maximum frequency 28,
(iii) What is the median expenditure on milk? therefore this is model class and lower limit is 700.
(a) 601.4 (b) 636.5 Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 616.6 (d) 624.5
(v) Here l = 700 , f0 = 21, f1 = 28 f2 = 7 , h = 175
(iv) What is the lower limit of model class ? f1 - f0
(a) 1225 (b) 875 Mode, Mo = l + h d 2f - f - f n
1 0 2
(c) 1050 (d) 700

= 700 + b 28 - 21
2 # 28 - 21 - 7 l #
175
(v) What is the model expenditure on milk?
(a) 734.25 (b) 743.75
= 700 + 7 # 175
(c) 801.25 (d) 820.25 28
Ans : = 700 + 43.75 = 743.75
(i) Since number of families is 100, Thus (b) is correct option.
10 + 14 + 15 + x + 28 + 7 + 5 = 100 137.Apples are most widely planted and are commercially
79 + x = 100 the most important fruit crop in Jammu and Kashmir.
The cultivation of apple crop in Jammu and Kashmir
x = 100 - 79 = 21 shows particular interest for a number of reasons.
Thus 15 + 21 = 36 families spend between Rs 350- In terms of both area and production, apple is very
700 on milk. beneficial fruit crop. This provides a major source of
income and employment in Jammu and Kashmir.
(ii) We prepare following cumulative frequency table
to find median class.
C.I. f c.f.
0-175 10 10
157-350 14 24
350-525 15 39
525-700 21 60
700-875 28 88
875-1050 7 95 Horticultural department has tasked their statistical
1050-1225 5 100 officer to create a model for farmers to be able to
predict their produce output based on various factors.
N = 100
A box containing 250 apples was opened and each
apple was weighed. The distribution of the weight of
We have N = 100 ; N = 50 the apples is given in the following table:
2
the corresponding class is 525-700. Thus median class Weight (in grams) No. of fi Apples
is 525-700 and upper limit is 700.
80-100 20
100-120 60
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
(iii) Median, h

120-140 70 therefore this is model class.
140-160 40 Here, l = 120 , f1 = 70 , f0 = 60 , f2 = 60 and h = 20
160-180 60 f1 - f0
1 0 2
(i) How many apples are in the range 140-160 grams? 70 - 60
= 120 + 20
(a) 40 (b) 50 2 # 70 - 60 - 40 #
(c) 60 (d) 70
= 120 + 20 # 10 = 125
(ii) What is the mean weight of the apples? 40
(a) 131 grams (b) 135 grams Thus (b) is correct option.
(c) 150 grams (d) 156 grams (v) Now 3Md = Mo + 2M
(iii) What is the upper limit of the median class? 3Md = 125 + 2 # 135 = 395
(a) 80 (b) 100
395
Md = 3 = 131.67 grams
(c) 120 (d) 140
(iv) What is the modal mass of the apples?
(a) 122 grams (b) 125 grams
(c) 128 grams (d) 132 grams NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY TEXT BOOK
(v) What is the median mass of the apples? Get free PDF Of India’s Best Book with Video
(a) 122.33 grams (b) 128.67 grams Video Explanation Included for Every Concept and Example.
(c) 131.67 grams (d) 136.33 grams Visit www.cbse.online/maths21
Ans :
(i) 20 + 60 + 70 + x + 60 = 250
210 + x = 250
x = 250 - 210 = 40
(ii) We prepare following cumulative frequency
distribution table.
Weight fi c.f. xi fi xi
80-100 20 20 90 1800
100-120 60 80 110 6600
120-140 70 150 130 9100
140-160 40 190 150 6000
160-180 60 250 170 10200
/ f i = 250 / fi xi = 33700
/ fx
= 33700 = 134.8 gm
M=
i i
xi 250
(iii) Cumulative frequency just greater than
2 = 2 = 125 is 150 and the corresponding class is
N 250
120-140. Thus median class is 120-140 and upper limit

is 140.
(iv) Class 120-140 has the maximum frequency 70,
Page 448 Probability Chap 15
CHAPTER 15
PROBABILITY
ONE MARK QUESTIONS is .......... .

1. What is the probability that a number selected at Given numbers are - 5 , - 4 , - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,

random from the numbers 1, 2, 3, ......, 15 is a multiple 5 and their squares are 25, 16, 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25.
of 4? Total number of outcomes n (S) = 11.
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] Favourable outcome are - 1, 0, 1, thus number of
favourable outcomes is n (E) = 3 .
Total possible outcome, n (S) = 15
n (E)
Number of multiples of 4 between 1 to 15 are Required probability, P (E) = = 3
n (S) 11
4, 8, 12 i.e. 3 favourable outcome.
n (E) = 3 5. A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack
of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a red king.
n (E)
Required Probability, P (E) = = 3 =1 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
n (S) 15 5
Total no. of cards, n (S) = 52
2. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the
probability of getting at most one head ? Number of red kings, n (E) = 2
n (E)
All possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}. P (a red king), P (E) = = 2 = 1
n (S) 52 26
Thus n (S) = 4 6. A card drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of
Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, TT}. 52 playing cards. What is the probability of getting a
black king?
n (E) = 3
Probability of getting at most one head,
n (E) Total no. of cards, n (S) = 52
P (E) = =3
n (S) 4 Number of black kings, n (E) = 2
n (E)
3. A die is thrown once. What is the probability of P (black king), P (E) =
n (S)
getting a number less than 3?
= 2 = 1
52 26
There are 6 possible outcome for a die.
7. If the probability of wining a game is 0.07, what is the
n (S) = 6 probability of losing it?
Favourable outcome are 1 and 2 i.e. two outcomes. Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
n (E) = 2
P (winning the game), P (E) = 0.07
P (number less than 3)
P (number less game), P ( E ) = 1 - P (E)
n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3 = 1 - 0.07
4. A number is chosen at random from the numbers - 5 , = 0.93
- 4 , - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Then the probability
that square of this number is less than or equal to 1

Chap 15 Probability Page 449
8. If a card is selected from a deck of 52 cards, then find Total number of sold tickets are 6000. Let she bought
the probability of its being a red face card? x tickets.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2011] Now n (S) = 6000
In a deck of 52 cards, there are 12 face cards i.e., 6 red
n (E) = x
and 6 black cards.
n (E)
n (S) = 52 P (E) =
n (S)
n (E) = 6 x
0.08 = 6000
So, probability of getting a red face card,
n (E)
P (E) = = 6 = 3 x = 0.08 # 6000 = 480
n (S) 52 26
Hence, she bought 480 tickets.
9. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. The event E 13. Find the probability of an impossible event.
is that card is not an ace of hearts. Find the number Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
of outcomes favourable to E .
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2017] Probability of impossible event is 0.
In a deck of 52 cards, there are 13 cards of heart and
1 is ace of heart.
14. One ticket is drawn at random from a
Hence, the number of outcomes favourable
bag containing tickets numbered 1 to 40. Find the
n (E) = 52 - 1 = 51 probability that the selected ticket has a number
which is a multiple of 5.
10. When a die is thrown, what is the probability of Ans : [Board 2010]
getting an odd number less than ?
Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 thus
8 outcome.
Odd number less than 3 is 1 only.
n (S) = 40
n (S) = 6
n (E) = 8
n (E) = 1
n (E)
So, probability of getting an odd number less than 3, P (E) = = 8 =1
n (S) 40 5
n (E)
P (E) = =1
n (S) 6 15. Someone is asked to take a number from 1 to 100.
What is the probability that it is a prime ?
11. The probability of getting a bad egg in a lot of 400 is Ans : [Board 2006]
0.035. Find the number of bad eggs in the lot?
Prime numbers between 1 to 100 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
We have n (S) = 400 79, 83, 89 and 97, i.e 25 outcome.
n (S) = 100
n (E) = x
n (E) n (E) = 25
P (E) =
n (S) n (E)
P (E) = = 25 = 1
x n (S) 100 4
0.035 = 400
16. What is the probability of getting a number greater
x = 0.035 # 400 = 14 then 3 in throwing a die?
Ans : [Board 2009]
12. A girl calculates that the probability of her winning
the first prize in a lottery is 0.08. If 6000 tickets are We have n (S) = 6
sold, then how many tickets has she bought?
Ans : n (E) = 2
Required probability, All possible outcome i.e. sample space,

n (E) S = "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
P (E) = =4=2
n (S) 6 3 Number of all possible outcome,
17. Out of one digit prime numbers, one number is selected n ^S h = 6

at random. What is the probability of selecting an Favourable outcomes,
even number?
E = "1, 2,
Number of favourable outcome,
One digit prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7. Out of these
n Ê h = 2
numbers, only the number 2 is even.
n Ê h
n (S) = 4 Thus P Ê h = =2=1
n ^S h 6 3
n (E) = 1 21. If the probability of winning a game is 115 , find the
Required probability, probability of losing the game.
n (E)
P (E) = =1 Probability of winning the game,
n (S) 4
18. A bag contains 3 red and 2 blue marbles. If a marble P Ê h = 5

11
is drawn at random, then find the probability of
Probability of losing the game
drawing a blue marble.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2013] P Ê h = 1 - P Ê h
There are 5 marbles in the bag. Out of these 5 marbles = 1- 5 = 6

one can be choose in 5 ways. Since, the bag contains 11 11
2 blue marbles. Therefore, one blue marble can be 22. If E be an event such that P Ê h = 73 , what is P (not
drawn in 2 ways. E ) equal to?
n (S) = 5 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014]
n (E) = 2 We have P Ê h = 3
7
Required probability,
P ^not E h = 1 - P Ê h
n (E)
P (E) = =2
n (S) 5 = 1-3 = 4
7 7
19. A single letter is selected at random from the word 23. A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Shalini
PROBABILITY. What is the probability that the takes out one candy without looking into the bag.
selected letter is a vowel? What is the probability that she takes out an orange
Ans : [Board 2007] flavoured candy?
There are 11 letter in word PROBABILITY. Out of
these 11 letter, 4 letter are vowels. Bag contains only lemon flavoured candies.
n (S) = 11 So, getting an orange flavoured candy is an
impossible.
n (E) = 4
P (E) = 0
24. If a number x is chosen a random from the number
n (E) - 3 , - 2 , - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What is probability that
P (E) = = 4
n (S) 11 x2 # 4 ?
20. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
“at most 2.” We have 7 possible outcome. Thus
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017] n (S) = 7

Favourable outcomes are - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2 i.e. 5. n (S) = 48

n (E) = 5 Favourable outcomes are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 and 49.
No. of favourable outcomes,
n (E)
P (x2 # 4), P (E) = =5 n Ê h = 6
n (S) 7
25. Out of 200 bulbs in a box, 12 bulbs are defective. One P (perfect square number),
bulb is taken out at random from the box. What is n Ê h
P Ê h = = 6 or = 1
the probability that the drawn bulb is not defective? n ^S h 48 8
29. 20 tickets, on which numbers 1 to 20 are written,
Total number of bulbs,
are mixed thoroughly and then a ticket is drawn at
n ^S h = 200 random out of them. Find the probability that the
Number of favourable cases, number on the drawn ticket is a multiple of 3 or 7.
n Ê h = 200 - 12 = 188
Required probability, Total number of cases,
n Ê h n (S) = 20
P Ê h = = 188 = 47
n ^S h 200 50 Favourable outcome,
E = "3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18,
26. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack
of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting neither a Number of favourable cases,
red card nor a queen. n Ê h = 8
There are 26 red cards out of total 52 cards and 2 n Ê h
P Ê h = = 8 =2
black queen also. n ^S h 20 5
Total number of cards, n (S) = 52 30. What is the probability that a non-leap year has 53
Mondays ?
Cards which are neither red nor queen,
n Ê h = 52 - (26 + 2) = 24
There are 365 days in a non-leap year.
365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 24 = 6 One day can be M, T, W, Th, F, S, S i.e. total 7
n ^S h 52 13
possible outcomes and only one favourable outcome.
27. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random.
Determine the probability that the chosen letter is a Thus n (S) = 7 and n (E) = 1
consonant. P (53 Mondays in non-leap year)
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015, 2020 Delhi STD] n Ê h
P Ê h = =1
In the English language there are 26 alphabets. n ^S h 7
Consonant are 21. The probability of chosen a 31. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the
consonant probability that the product of the number on the top
n (S) = 26 of the dice is 6.
n (E) = 21 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
n (E) 21 Total number of possible outcomes,

P (E) = =
n (S) 26 n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
28. Cards marked with number 3, 4, 5, ..........., 50 are Product of 6 are (1, 6), (2, 3), (6, 1) and (3, 2).
placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. A card is Number of favourable outcomes,
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability
that the selected card bears a perfect square number. n Ê h = 4
Ans : [Board Term-2 2016] Total number of chances
Total number of outcomes, n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
P (Product of 6) that it bears a prime number less than 23.

n Ê h Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
P Ê h = = 4 =1
n ^S h 36 9 Number of possible outcomes,
32. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which n (S) = 90
comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and these are equally likely outcomes. Prime numbers less than 23 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19.
Find the probability that the arrow will point at any Number of favourable outcomes
factor of 8 ? n Ê h = 8
P (prime no. less than 23)
Total number of points are 8. Thus, total number of n Ê h
P Ê h = = 8 = 4
possible outcomes n ^S h 90 45
n (S) = 8
36. From the number 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, one number
Favourable outcomes are 1, 2, 4, and 8
is selected at random, what is the probability that the
No. of favourable outcomes, selected number is mean?
n Ê h = 3 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
P (factor of 8)
Total outcomes, n (S) = 10
n Ê h
P Ê h = =2 =1 Mean,
n ^S h 8 2
M = 3 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 70 = 7
33. A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 25. A card is 10 10
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability Thus 7 is the mean of given numbers and frequency
that number is divisible by both 2 and 3. of 7 is 3 in given data.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] Number of favourable outcomes,
Since bag contains 25 cards, n Ê h = 3
n (S) = 25 n Ê h
P (mean), P Ê h = = 3
The numbers divisible by 2 and 3 both are 6, 12, 18, n ^S h 10
24 which are 4 numbers.
37. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting
Thus n Ê h = 4 a prime number.
P (number divisible by 2 and 3) Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012]
n Ê h n (S) = 6
P Ê h = = 4 Total outcomes,
n ^S h 25
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5.
34. A number is selected at random from 1 to 30. Find n Ê h = 3
the probability that it is a prime number.
n Ê h
Ans : P (prime no.), P Ê h = =3=1
[Board Term-2, 2014]
n ^S h 6 2
Number of possible outcomes,
38. A girl calculates the probability of her winning
n (S) = 30 the game in a match and find it 0.08. What is the
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, probability of her losing the game?
23 and 29.
Number of favourable outcomes,n Ê h = 10 P (winning the game), P (E) = 0.08
n Ê h P (losing the game), P ( E ) = 1 - P (E)

P (prime ), P Ê h = = 10 = 1
n ^S h 30 3
= 1 - 0.08
35. A box contains 90 discs, numbered from 1 to 90. If one
disc is drawn at random from box, find the probability = 0.92

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39. The probability of getting a bad egg in a lot of 400 (6, 3), (4, 5) and (5, 4). In these case sum of both
eggs is 0.035. Find the number of bad eggs in the lot. faces are 9.
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] Number of total outcomes,
Number x be number of bad eggs. n (S) = 36
n (E) = x Number of favourable outcomes
Total eggs, n (S) = 400 n Ê h = 4

n Ê h
P (bad eggs) P (E) = 0.035 P Ê h = = 4 =1
n ^S h 36 9
n Ê h
P (bad eggs), P (E) =
n ^S h 44. Can 1.1 be probability of an event ?
0.035 = x Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
400
x = 400 # 0.035 = 14 No. Since the probability of an event cannot
be more than 1.
Thus there are 14 bad eggs in lot.
40. If P Ê h = 0.20 , then what is the probability of ‘not 45. A bag contains 3 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn
E ’? at random from the bag. What is the probability that
the drawn ball is not red ?
We have P Ê h = 0.20 There are total 3 + 5 = 8 balls in bag. Thus total
P ^notE h = 1 - P Ê h possible outcomes,
= 1 - 0.20 = 0.80 n (S) = 8

5 black balls are not red. Thus favourable outcome
41. In tossing a die, what is the probability of getting an
n Ê h = 5
odd number or number less than 4 ?
P (drawn ball is not red),
n Ê h
P Ê h = =5
Total outcome, n (S) = 6 n ^S h 8
Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 and number less than 4 are 1,
2, 3. Thus there are 4 favourable outcome. 46. If three different coins are tossed together, then find
the probability of getting two heads.
n Ê h = 4
P (an odd no. or a no. <4),
All possible outcomes are {HHH, THH, HTH, HHT,
n Ê h 4
P Ê h = = =2 TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}.
n ^S h 6 3
42. A card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing a red face card. n (S) = 8
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] Number of favourable outcomes,
n Ê h = 3
Total outcomes, n (S) = 52
P (getting two heads),
Red face card, n Ê h = 6 n Ê h
P Ê h = =3
n Ê h n ^S h 8
P (red face card), P Ê h = = 6 = 3
n ^S h 52 26 47. A number is chosen at random from the numbers
- 3, - 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 . What will be the probability
43. Find the probability of getting a sum of 9, when two that square of this number is less than or equal to 1.
dice are thrown simultaneously.
No. of all possible outcomes,
If two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36 possible
outcomes. Thus there are 4 favourable outcome (3, 6), n (S) = 7
No. of favourable outcomes are - 1, 0, 1. 51. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the
probability of drawing a blue ball at random from the
n Ê h = 3
bag is three times that of a red ball, find the number
Required probability, of blue balls in the bag.
n Ê h Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
P Ê h = =3
n ^S h 7
Let x be blue balls.
48. The probability of selecting a rotten apple randomly
Total balls, n (S) = 5 + x
from a heap of 900 apples is 0.18. What is the number
of rotten apples in the heap ? n (R) = 5 and n (B) = x
Ans :
n ^Rh
P (red ball), P (R) = = 5
Let E be the event of getting a rotten apple. n ^S h 5+x
Total apples, n ^S h = 900 n ^B h
P (blue ball), P (R) = = x
Probability of selecting a rotten apple, n ^S h 5+x
n Ê h = 0.18 As per question we have
Let n Ê h be number of rotten apples, x = 3#5
5+x 5+x
n Ê h
Then, P Ê h =
n ^S h Thus x = 15
n Ê h Hence, bag contains 15 blue balls.

0.18 =
900
52. If a pair of dice is thrown once, then what is the
0.18 # 900 = n Ê h probability of getting a sum of 8?
n Ê h = 162
So, there are 162 rotten apples in the heap.
n (S) = 62 = 36
49. A number x is chosen from 25, 24, 23, - 2, - 1, 0, 1,
The favourable outcomes are (sum of getting 8)
2, 3. Find the probability that x < 3 .
{(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2)} i.e. 5 outcomes.
Total possible outcomes,
n (E) = 5
n (S) = 9
Probability (getting sum of 8),
Favourable outcome are - 2, - 1, 0, 1, and 2.
n (E)
Favourable outcomes n (E) = 5 P (E) = = 5
n (S) 36
53. Two different dice are thrown together, find the
n (E)
P ` x < 3j = =5 probability that the sum of the numbers appeared is
n (S) 9
less than 5.
50. A die thrown once. What is the probability of getting Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
an even prime number? Number of possible outcomes,
n (S) = 62 = 36
Total possible outcomes of die is 6. The favourable outcomes are (sum less than 5) {(1, 1),
n (S) = 6 (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2) and (3, 1)} i.e. 6 outcomes.
Favourable outcomes is only 2 i.e. there is one possible Number of favourable outcome,
outcome.
n (E) = 6
n (E) = 1
P (have sum less than 5)
P (getting an even prime number),
n (E)
n (E) P (E) = = 6 =1
n (S) 36 6
P (E) = =1
n (S) 6

54. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. What 58. If a number x is chosen at random from the numbers
is the probability of getting a prize? - 3 , - 2 , - 1. 0, 1, 2, 3, then find the probability of
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] x2 < 4 .
Total number of possible outcomes,
Possible outcome are - 3 , - 2 , - 1. 0, 1, 2, 3 i.e 7
n (S) = 10 + 25 = 35
outcomes.
Total number of prizes,
Thus n (S) = 7
n (E) = 10
Favourable outcomes are x2 < 4 i.e. =- 1, 0, 1.
Probability of getting a prize,
n (E) = 3
n (E)
P (E) = = 10 = 2 n (E)
n (S) 35 7
P (x2 < 4), P (E) = =3
n (S) 7
55. Two different coins are tossed simultaneously, What is
the probability of getting at least one head?
59. A bag contains cards with numbers written on it
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi OD Basic]
from 1–80. A card is pulled out at random. Find the
probability that the card shows a perfect square.
All possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
Thus n (S) = 4
We have S = "1, 2........... 80,
Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}.
n (E) = 3
n ^S h = 80
Probability of getting at least one head,
Favourable outcome are {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64}
n (E)
P (E) = =3 Number of favourable outcomes,
n (S) 4
n Ê h = 8
56. A pair of dice is thrown once. What is the probability
n Ê h
of getting a doublet? P Ê h = = 8 = 1
n ^S h 80 10
60. A bag contains 6 red and 5 blue balls. Find the
There are total 62 = 36 possible outcomes. Thus probability that the ball drawn is not red.
n (S) = 36 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014, 2015]
Favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (2, 2 ), (3, 3), (4, 4), No. of possible outcomes,
(5, 5) and (6, 6).
n (S) = 6 + 5 = 11
Number of favourable outcomes,
Since 5 blue balls are favourable outcome,
n (E) = 6
n Ê h = 5
P (getting doublet),
n Ê h
n (E) P (not red), P Ê h = = 5
P (E) = = 6 =1 n ^S h 11
n (S) 36 6
57. A die is thrown once. What is the probability of 61. There are 30 cards of the same size in a bag in which
getting a prime number. the numbers 1 to 30 are written. One card is taken
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard] out of the bag at random. Find the probability that
the number on the selected card is not divisible by 3.
There are 6 possible outcome for a die.
n (S) = 6
Favourable outcome are 1 and 2 i.e. two outcome. Total cards n (S) = 30
Number divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27
n (E) = 2
and 30 i.e 10 numbers.
P (number less than 3), Number of favourable outcomes,
n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1 n Ê h = 30 - 10 = 20
n (S) 6 3
Required probability, n (E1) = 5

n Ê h n (E1)
P Ê h = = 20 = 2 P (E1) = = 5
n ^S h 30 3 n (S) 26
(ii) a consonant,
62. A bag contains cards bearing numbers from 11 to 30.
A card is taken out from the bag at random. Find n (E2) = 21
the probability that the selected card has multiple of
n Ê2h
5 on it. P Ê2h = = 21
n ^S h 26
65. Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously.
No. of cards n (S) = 20 What is the probability that she gets :
Multiples of 5 from 11 to 30 are 15, 20, 25 and 30 i.e (i). at least one head ?
4 numbers . (ii) one head and one tail ?
Thus number of favourable outcomes, Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014]
n (E) = 4 All possible outcomes are {HH, TT, TH, HT}

Required probability, n (S) = 4
n Ê h (i) At least one head,
P Ê h = = 4 =1
n ^S h 20 5 All favourable outcome are {HH, TH, HT}
63. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the n (E1) = 3
probability :
n (E1)
(i) that the number on each die is even. P (E1) = =3
n (S) 4
(ii) that the sum of numbers appearing on the two
dice is 5. (ii) One head and one tail
All favourable outcome are {TH, HT}
In both case, n (S) = 36 n (E2) = 2
(i) Even numbers events are (2, 2) (2, 4) (2, 6) (4, 2) n Ê2h
P Ê2h = =2=1
(4, 4) (4, 6) (6, 2), (6,4) and (6, 6) which are 9 event. n ^S h 4 2
n (E1) = 9
66. A bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls.
P (number of each die is even),
One ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the
n (E1) probability of getting :
P (E1) = = 9 =1
n (S) 36 4 (i) not a white ball,
(ii) Sum of numbers is 5 in (1, 4) (2, 3) (3, 2) (4, 1) (ii) neither a green nor a red ball.
n (E2) = 4 Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012, 2014]
P (sum of numbers appearing on two dice is 5) Bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls i.e. total
20 ball.
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 4 =1 Total number of possible outcomes,
n ^S h 36 9
n (S) = 20
64. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random, find (i) not a white ball,
the probability that the letter so chosen is :
There are 5 red and 8 green balls which are not white.
(i) a vowel,
Thus number of favourable outcome,
(ii) a consonant.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] n (E1) = 13
P (not a white ball),
Since total number in English alphabet is 26, in which
n (E1)
5 vowels and 21 consonants. P (E1) = = 13
In both case total possible outcome n (S) 20
n (S) = 26 (ii) neither a green nor a red ball.

There are 7 white balls which are neither a green nor
(i) a vowel,

a red ball. 70. Find the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays
n (E2) = 7 Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
P (neither a green nor a red ball) 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days

n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 7 2 days can be MT, TW, WTh, ThF, FS, SS, SM out
n ^S h 20 of which SS and SM are favourable outcome.
67. Two dice are rolled simultaneously. Find the
probability that the sum of numbers appearing is 10. n (S) = 7
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2014] Thus number of favourable outcome,
When two dice are thrown, we have 6 # 6 = 36 n Ê h = 2

possible outcomes. n Ê h
P Ê h = =2
n (S) = 36 n ^S h 7
Favourable outcomes are (4, 6), (6, 4) and (5, 5). In 71. Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the
these outcomes, sum of numbers appearing is 10. same time. What is the probability that the sum of
No. of favourable outcomes the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is
8?
n Ê h = 3
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 3 = 1 There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.
n ^S h 36 12
n (S) = 36
68. A bag contains 3 red, 4 green and 5 white candles,
one candle is drawn at random from the bag, find the We have 5 favourable outcomes are (2, 6), (3, 5),
probability that candle is not red. (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2).
Ans : [Board Term-2 2014] n Ê h = 5
Total number of possible outcomes are 3 + 4 + 5 = 12. Required probability,
n (S) = 12 n Ê h
P Ê h = = 5
When candles not red, there are 9 possibilities, n ^S h 36
n Ê h = 9 72. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If
P (candle is not red), the probability of drawing a blue ball from the bag
is thrice that of the red ball, find the number of blue
n Ê h
P Ê h = = 9 =3 balls in the bag.
n ^S h 12 4
69. In a family of two children find the probability of Let x be blue balls in bag.
having at least one girl.
Total balls n (S) = 5 + x
n (R) = 5 and n (B) = x
All possible outcomes,
n ^Rh
S = {GG, GB, BG, BB} P (red ball), P (R) = = 5
n ^S h 5+x
n ^B h
n (S) = 4 P (blue ball), P (B) = = x
n ^S h 5+x
Favourable outcomes are GG, GB and BG.
As per question we have
Thus n Ê h = 3
x = 3#5
P (at least one girl), 5+x 5+x
n Ê h Thus x = 15
P Ê h = =3
n ^S h 4
73. Two coins are tossed together. Find the probability of
getting both heads or both tails. Total no. of pens, n (S) = 144
No. of good pen, n (E) = 144 - 20 = 124
Possibilities are HH, HT TH, TT out of which HH
Probability of purchasing pen,
and TT are favourable.
n Ê h
n (S) = 4 P Ê h = = 124 = 31
n ^S h 144 36
n Ê h = 2
Probability of not purchasing pen,
n Ê h P Ê h = 1 - P Ê h
P (HH or TT), P Ê h = =2=1
n ^S h 4 2
= 1 - 5 = 31
74. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 36 36
cards. Find the probability of getting : 77. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the
(i) a non face card, probability of drawing a blue ball is double that of red
(ii) a black king. ball, determine the number of blue balls in the bag.
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2012] Ans : [Board Term-2, 2013]
Let x be blue balls in bag.

Total cards, n (S) = 52
(i) There are 12 face cards and thus 40 non- Total balls, n (S) = 5 + x
face cards. n (R) = 5 and n (B) = x
n (E1) = 40 n ^Rh
P (red ball), P (R) = = 5
n (E1) n ^S h 5+x
P (non-faces), P (E1) = = 40 = 10
n (S) 52 13
n ^B h
P (blue ball), P (R) = = x
(ii) There are 2 black king n ^S h 5+x
n (E2) = 2 As per question we have
n Ê2h x = 2#5
P (black king), P Ê2h = = 2 = 1 5+x 5+x
n ^S h 52 26
75. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability Thus x = 10
of getting a doublet ?
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012] 78. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the
probability that the product of the number appeared
When two dice are thrown, we have 6 # 6 = 36 is less than 18.
possible outcomes.
n (S) = 36
There are 6 # 6 = 36 possible outcomes.
Doublets are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5) and
(6, 6). Thus we have 6 favourable outcomes. n (S) = 36
n Ê h = 6 Favourable outcomes are (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), (5, 1),
(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2), (1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 2),
n Ê h
P (a doublet), P Ê h = = 6 =1 (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),
n ^S h 36 6
(2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (2, 5) and (4, 1).
76. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective No. of favourable outcomes,
and others are good. Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, n Ê h = 26
but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper P (Product appears is less than 18)
draws one pen at random and gives it to her. What is
n Ê h
the probability that : P Ê h = = 26 = 13
(i) she will buy it ? n ^S h 36 18
(ii) she will not buy it ?
79. A box contains cards numbered 11 to 123. A card is
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability

that the number of the drawn card is Total balls, n ^S h = 15 + x

(i) A perfect square number Let P (B) be the probability of drawing black ball and
(ii) A multiple of 7. P (W) be the probability of drawing white ball.
Now P (B) = 3 # P (W)
Total number of all possible outcomes,
x = 3 # 15
n (S) = 113 ^15 + x h ^15 + x h
(i) Perfect square numbers between 11 to 123 are 16, x = 45
25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 and 121.
Thus there are 45 black balls in the bag.
No. of all favourable outcomes
n (E1) = 8
P (Number drawn is perfect square),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 8 82. An integer is chosen between 70 and 100. Find the
n (S) 113
probability that it is
(ii) No. of multiples of 7 from 11 to 123 is 16 i.e 14, (i) a prime number (ii) divisible by 7
21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105, 112
and 119.
No. of all favourable outcomes. There are 29 integer from 70 to 100. Total number of
outcomes are 29 in both case.
n (E2) = 16
P (number drawn card is multiple of 7) n (S) = 29
(i) There are 6 prime numbers between 70 and 100
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 16 as 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97 i.e. 6 favourable out-
n ^S h 113 come.
80. A box contains 12 balls of which some are red in n (E1) = 6
colour. If 6 more red balls are put in the box and a
ball is drawn at random the probability of drawing n (E1)
P (E1) = = 6
a red ball doubles than what it was before. Find the n (S) 29
number of red balls in the bag.
Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2017] (ii) There are 4 numbers between 70 and 100 which
Let x be red balls in the box out of 12 balls. are divisible by 7 as 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e. 4 favour-
able outcome.
P (R) = x n (B) = 4
12
After putting 6 red balls in the bag, total numbers of n (E2)
P (E2) = = 4
balls in box is 12 + 6 = 18 and red ball are x + 6 . n (S) 29
Pl (R) = x + 6 83. Find the probability that 5 Sundays occur in the

18 month of November of a randomly selected year.
According to the problem Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
2# x = x+6 Total no. of days in November = 30

12 18
So, it has 4 weeks and 2 days. 4 weeks have 4 Sundays.
18x = 6x + 36 & x = 3 The two remaining days should be
1. Sunday, Monday
Hence there were 8 red ball.
2. Monday, Tuesday
81. A bag contains 15 white and some black balls. If the 3. Tuesday, Wednesday
probability of drawing a black ball from the bag is 4. Wednesday, Thursday
thrice that of drawing a white ball, find the number 5. Thursday, Friday
of blackballs in the bag. 6. Friday, Saturday
7. Saturday, Sunday
Ans :
Thus number of possible outcomes,
Let x be black balls and 15 white balls.
n (S) = 7 n (E) 4
P (E) = = =1
n (S) 8 2
86. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters as
n (E) = 2 shown below:
So, the probability of getting 5 Sunday in the month A B C D E A
of November, The die is thrown once. What is the probability of
n (E) getting (i) A, (ii) D ?
P (E) = =2
n (S) 7 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Total possible outcomes, n (S) = 6

84. Two dice are tossed simultaneously. Find the
probability of getting (i) Probability of getting letter A,
(i) an even number on both dice. n (E1) = 2 .
(ii) the sum of two numbers more than 9.
n (E1)
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] P (E1) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. (ii) Probability of getting letter D ,
n (S) = 36 n (E2) = 1
(i) an even number on both dice.
n (E2)
Favourable outcome are (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2) P (E2) = =1
n (S) 6
(4, 4), (4, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4) and (6, 6).
87. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters as
Number of favourable outcomes
shown below:
n (E1) = 9 A A B C C C
P (an even number on both dice), The die is thrown once. What is the probability of
n (E1) getting (i) A, (ii) C ?
P (E1) = = 9 =1
n (S) 36 4 Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
(ii) sum of two numbers more than 9 Total possible outcomes, n (S) = 6
Favourable outcome are (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (i) Probability of getting letter A,
(6, 5) and (6, 6).
Number of favourable outcomes n (E1) = 2 .
n (E1)
n (E2) = 6 P (E1) = =2 =1
n (S) 6 3
P (sum of two numbers more than 9),
(ii) Probability of getting letter C ,
n (E2)
P (E2) = = 6 =1 n (E2) = 3
n (S) 36 6
n (E2)
85. In a family of three children, find the probability of P (E2) = =1
n (S) 6
having at least two boys.
Ans : [Board 2020 OD Basic] 88. A game consists of tossing a coin 3 times and noting
If there are three children in family all possible the outcome each time. If getting the same result in
outcome are {BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, GGB, GBG, all the tosses is a success, find the probability of losing
BGG, GGG}. the game.
So, the total number of outcomes, Ans : [Board 2019 Delhi]
n (S) = 23 = 8 Possible outcomes are {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH,

TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}.
At-least two of them are boys means all those cases
Total possible outcomes,
in which we have either 2 or 3 boys. Thus favourable
outcome are {BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB} n (S) = 23 = 8
Number of favourable outcome, Number of outcomes where the game lost,
n (E) = 4 n (E) = 8 - 2 = 6
The probability of having at least two boys

Probability of losing the game, Ans : [Board 2018]
n (E) There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.

P (E) = =6 =3
n (S) 8 4 n (S) = 36
89. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a (i) of getting a doublet
number which (i) is a prime number (ii) lies between Doublets are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5) and
2 and 6. (6, 6) which are 6 doublets.
Total outcomes n (S) = 6 n (E1) = 6
(i) is a prime number n (E1)
P (doublet), P (E1) = = 6 =1
Prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5. n (S) 36 6
n (E1) = 3 (ii) of getting a sum 10, of the numbers on the two

dice.
P (prime no.),
Favourable outcomes are (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4) i.e., 3.
n (E1)
P (E1) = =3=1 Number of favourable outcomes,
n (S) 6 2
n (E2) = 3
(ii) lies between 2 and 6
n (E2)
n (E2) = 3 P (sum 10), P (E2) = = 3 = 1
n (S) 36 12
P (lies between 2 and 6),
92. An integer is chosen at random between 1 and 100.
n (E2)
P (E2) = =3=1 Find the probability that it is:
n (S) 6 2 (i) divisible by 8.
90. A die is thrown twice. Find the probability that (ii) not divisible by 8.
(i) 5 will come up at least once. Ans : [Board 2018]
(ii) 5 will not come up either time.
Total number of outcomes,
n (S) = 100 - 2 = 98
There are 6 # 6 = 36 possible outcome. Thus sample
(i) divisible by 8.
space for two die is
Favourable outcomes are 8, 16, 24, ..., 96, i.e., 12.
n (S) = 36 Number of favourable outcomes,
(i) 5 will come up at least once
n (E1) = 12
Favourable case are (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5),
(5, 6) (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5) and (6, 5)thus 11 case. P (Divisible by 8),
Number of favourable outcome, n (E1)
P (E1) = = 12 = 6
n (E1) = 11 n (S) 98 49
Probability that 5 will come up at least once, (ii) not divisible by 8.
P (not divisible by 8),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 11
n (S) 36 P ( E ) = 1 - P (E)
(ii) 5 will not come up either time
Probability that 5 will come up either time = 1 - 6 = 43
49 49
P ( E ) = 1 - P (E) 93. From a pack of 52 playing cards, Jacks, Queens and
Kings of red colour are removed. From the remaining,
= 1 - 11 = 36 - 11 = 25 a card is drawn at random. Find the probability that
36 36 36
drawn card is
91. Two different dice are tossed together. Find the
(i) a black king,
probability:
(ii) a card of red colour,
(i) of getting a doublet
(ii) of getting a sum 10, of the numbers on the two (iii) a card of black colour.
dice. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
There are total 52 cards out of which 6 cards are Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
removed.
Total cards, n (S) = 49
Total number of all possible outcomes,
(i) an odd number
n (S) = 52 - 6 = 46
Number of black king, Odd number are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21,
n (E1) = 2 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 and 49.
(i) a black king, Total odd number, n (E1) = 25
Probability of drawing black king
n (E1) n Ô h
P (odd number), P (E1) = = = 25
P (E1) =
n (E1)
= 2 = 1 n (S) n ^S h 49
n (S) 46 23
(ii) a multiple of 5
(ii) a card of red colour, Multiple of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45.
Total red card, Total multiple of 5 number,
n (E2) = 26 - 6 = 20 n (E2) = 5
Probability of drawing red colour card
n Ê2h
n Ê2h P (multiple of 5), P Ê2h = = 9
P Ê2h = = 20 = 10 n ^S h 49
n ^S h 46 23
(iii) Even prime
(iii) a card of black colour. Only 2 is even prime number. Therefore
Total card of black colour,
n (E3) = 1
n (E3) = 26
n Ê3h
Probability of drawing black colour card P (even prime), P (E3) = = 1
n ^S h 49
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 26 = 13 96. Two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. Find
n ^S h 46 23 the probability of getting :
(i) at least one head,
94. A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If
the probability of drawing a blue ball from the bag is (ii) almost one head,
twice that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls (iii) no head.
in the bag. Ans : [Board Term-2, 2012, 2014]
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] There are 4 possible outcome when two unbiased coins
Let x be blue balls. are tossed simultaneously.
Total balls n (S) = 6 + x Sample space S ={HH, HT, TH, TT}
n (R) = 5 and n (B) = x n (S) = 4

(i) at least one head,
n ^Rh
P (red ball) P (R) = = 6 Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}.
n ^S h 6+x
n (E1) = 3
n ^B h
P (blue ball) P (R) = = x
n ^S h 6+x
P (E1) =
n (E1)
=3
n (S) 4
As per question we have
(ii) almost one head,
x = 2 # 6 & x = 12
6+x 6+x Favourable outcomes are {HT, TH, HH}.
n (E2) = 3
Thus there are 12 blue balls.
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = =3
95. A bag contains cards numbered 1 to 49. Find the n ^S h 4
probability that the number on the drawn card is :
(iii) no head.
(i) an odd number
Favourable outcomes is {TT} only.
(ii) a multiple of 5
(iii) Even prime n (E3) = 1

n Ê3h P (Ramesh will win the game)

P Ê3h = =1
n ^S h 4 n (E)
P (E) = =2 =1
n (S) 8 4
97. Three different coins are tossed together. Find the
probability of getting P (Ramesh will loose the game)
(i) exactly two heads. P (E ) = 1 - P (E)
(ii) at least two heads
(iii) at least two tails. = 1- 1 = 3
4 4
99. In a single throw of a pair of different dice, what is the
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, probability of getting
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} (i) a prime number on each dice ?
n ^S h = 8 (ii) a total of 9 or 11 ?
(i) Exactly two heads
When two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36
Sample space E1 ={HHT, HTH, THH} possible outcomes.
n (E1) = 3 n (S) = 36
n (E1) (i) a prime number on each dice ?
P (E1) = =3 Favourable outcomes are (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (3, 2) (3,
n (S) 8
3) (3, 5) (5, 2) (5, 3) and (5, 5) i.e. 9 outcomes.
(ii) At least two heads.
n (E1) = 9
Sample space E2 = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}
P (a prime number on each die)
n (E2) = 4
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 9 =1
n Ê2h n (S) 36 4
P Ê2h = =4=1
n ^S h 8 2 (ii) a total of 9 or 11 ?
(iii) At least two tails, Favourable outcomes are (3, 6) (4, 5) (5, 4) (6, 3) (5,
6) and (6, 5) i.e. 6 outcomes.
Sample space E3 ={TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
n (E1) = 6
n (E3) = 4
P (a total of 9 or 11)
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = n Ê2h
n ^S h P Ê2h = = 6 =1
n ^S h 36 6
=4=1
8 2 100.A box consists of 100 shirts of which 88 are good, 8
have minor defects and 4 have major defects. Ramesh,
98. A game consists of tossing a one-rupee coin 3 times a shopkeeper will buy only those shirts which are good
and noting the outcome each time. Ramesh will win but ‘Kewal’ another shopkeeper will not buy shirts
the game if all the tosses show the same result, (i.e with major defects. A shirt is taken out of the box at
either all three heads or all three tails) and loses the random. What is the probability that :
game otherwise. Find the probability that Ramesh (i) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt ?
will lose the game. (ii) Kewal will buy the selected shirt ?
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2016, Delhi 2017]
There are 8 possible outcome when one coin is tossed Since box consists of 100 shirts, there are 100 possible
three times : {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, outcomes.
TTH, TTT}.
n ^S h = 100
n ^S h = 8
(i) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt ?
In the case of same result on all the tosses,
Number of good shirts
E = {HHH, TTT}
n (E1) = 88
n (E) = 2 P (Ramesh buys the shirt).
n (E1) (ii) is a prime number greater than 80.

P (E1) = = 88 = 22
n (S) 100 25 Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
(ii) Kewal will buy the selected shirt ? Since bag consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible
Number of shirts without major defect, outcomes.
n (E2) = 88 + 8 = 96 n ^S h = 100
P (Kewal buys a shirt) (i) is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square.
n Ê2h Number divisible by 9 and perfect square are 9, 36
P Ê2h = = 96 = 24
n ^S h 100 25 and 81 i.e. 3 numbers.
n (E1) = 3
101.A box contains 100 cards marked from 1 to 100. If
one card is drawn at random from the box, find the Required probability,
probability that it bears : n (E1)
P (E1) = = 3
(i) a single digit number n (S) 100
(ii) a number which is a perfect square (ii) is a prime number greater than 80.
(iii) a number which is divisible by 7 Prime numbers greater than 80 and less than 100 are
Ans : [Board Term-2 2016] 83, 89 and 97 i.e 3 numbers.
Since box consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible n (E2) = 3
outcomes. Required probability,
n ^S h = 100 n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 3
(i) a single digit number n ^S h 100
Number of favourable outcomes, 103.Cards numbered 2 to 101 are placed in a box. A card is
n (E1) = 9 selected at random from the box, find the probability
that the card selected :
P (single digit number),
(i) has a number which is a perfect square.
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 9 (ii) has an odd number which is not less than 70.
n (S) 100
(ii) a number which is a perfect square
Since box consists of 100 cards, there are 100 possible
Perfect square number are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
outcomes.
81 and 100.
No. of favourable outcomes, n ^S h = 100
(i) has a number which is a perfect square.
n (E2) = 10
Perfect squares are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 and
P (perfect square), 100.
n Ê2h 10
P Ê2h = = = 1 Number of favourable outcomes,
n ^S h 100 10
n (E1) = 9
(iii) a number which is divisible by 7
P (Perfect square),
Number divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56,
n (E1)
63, 70, 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e. 14 numbers. P (E1) = = 9
n (S) 100
(ii) has an odd number which is not less than 70.
n (E3) = 14
Favourable outcomes are 71, 73, 75, ......101.
P (a number divisible by 7),
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 14 n (E2) = 16
n ^S h 100
P (odd number not less than 70),
102.There are 100 cards in a bag on which numbers from
n Ê2h
1 to 100 are written. A card is taken out from the bag P Ê2h = = 16 = 4
at random. Find the probability that the number on n ^S h 100 25
the selected card. 104.All red face cards are removed from a pack of playing
(i) is divisible by 9 and is a perfect square. cards. The remaining cards are well shuffled and

then a card is drawn at random from them. Find the Total numbers of balls,
probability that the drawn card is :
(i) a red card n (S) = 10 # 12 = 24
5
(ii) a face card 106.Two different dice are thrown together. Find the
(iii) a card of clubs probability of :
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2015] (i) getting a number greater than 3 on each die.
Since red face cards are removed, number of all (ii) getting a total of 6 or 7 of the numbers on two
possible outcomes are 52 - 6 = 46 dice.
n (S) = 46
(i) a red card When two dice are thrown there are 6 # 6 = 36
possible outcomes.
No. of remaining red cards,
n (S) = 36
n (E1) = 26 - 6 = 20
(i) getting a number greater than 3 on each die.
n (E1)
P (red card), P (E1) = = 20 = 10 Favourable outcomes are (4, 5), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 4),
n (S) 46 26
(5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5) and (6, 6).
(ii) a face card
Number of remaining face cards,
n (E1) = 9
n (E2) = 12 - 6 = 6
P (a face card), P (a number > 3 on each die)
n Ê2h n (E1)
P Ê2h = = 6 = 3 P (E1) = = 9 =1
n ^S h 46 23 n (S) 36 4
(iii) a card of clubs (ii) getting a total of 6 or 7 of the numbers on two
Number of cards clubs dice.
Favourable outcomes are (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2),
n (E3) = 13
(5, 1), (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2) and (6, 1).
P (a card of clubs),
No. of favourable outcomes n (B) = 11
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 13
n ^S h 46 P (a total of 6 to 7),
n Ê2h
105.The probability of selecting a red ball at random from P Ê2h = = 11
n ^S h 36
a jar that contains only red, blue and orange balls is
1
4 . The probability of selecting a blue ball at random
107.One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52
from the same jar is 13 . If the jar contains 10 orange
cards. Find the probability of getting
balls, find the total number of ball in the jar.
(i) Non face card,
(ii) Black king or a Red queen,
Probability of red ball, P (R) = 1 (iii) Spade card.
4 Ans : [Board Term-2 SQP 2016]
Probability of blue ball, n (B) = 1 Total cards n (S) = 52

3
(i) Non face card
Probability of orange,
Total number of non-face card,
P (O) = 1 - [P (R) + P (B)]
n (E1) = 52 - 12 = 40
= 1 -b1 + 1l = 5 P (non-face cards),
4 3 12
n (E1)
n (O) P (E1) = = 40 = 10
Now P (O) = n (S) 52 13
n (S)
(ii) Black king or a red queen,
5 = 10
12 n (S) Number of black kings = 2
Number of red queens = 2 n (E1)

P (three heads), P (E1) = =1
Thus there are 4 favourable outcome. n (S) 8
n (E2) = 4 (ii) at least two tails.

Favourable outcome are {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}.
P (a black Kind or a red queen),
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 4 = 1 n (E2) = 4
n ^S h 52 13
n Ê2h
(iii) Spade card P (at least two tails), P Ê2h = =4=1
Number of spade cards, n ^S h 8 2
n (E3) = 13 110.One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52

P (Spade cards), cards. Find the probability of getting :
n Ê3h (i) a red face card,
P Ê3h = = 13 = 1
n ^S h 52 4 (ii) a spade,
(iii) either a king or a black cards.
108.Three coins are tossed simultaneously once. Find the Ans : [Board Term-2 2012, 2015]
probability of getting :
(i) at least one tail, Total cards, n (S) = 52
(ii) no tail. (i) Red face card
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] Total number of red-face card,
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, n (E1) = 6
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} P (red face cards)
n ^S h = 2 = 8
3
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 6 = 3
(i) at least one tail, n (S) 52 26
Number of favourable outcomes, (ii) Spade card
n (E1) = 7 Number of spade cards
P (at least one tail), n (E2) = 13
n (E1) P (Spade cards),
P (E1) = =7
n (S) 8 n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1
(ii) no tail. n ^S h 52 4
Number of favourable outcomes, (iii) Black king or a red queen,
n (E2) = 1 Number of kings = 4
n Ê2h
P (no tail), P Ê2h = =1 Number of black cards = 26 - 2 = 24
n ^S h 8
Thus there are 4 favourable outcome.
109.A game consists of tossing a one-rupee coin n (E3) = 24 + 4 = 28
three times and noting its outcome each time. P (a black Kind or a red queen)
Find the probability of getting :
n Ê3h
(i) three heads, P Ê3h = = 28 = 7
n ^S h 52 13
(ii) at least two tails.
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] 111.Two dice are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1, 1, 2, 2,
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT, 3, 3 respectively. They are thrown and the sum of the
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. numbers on them is noted. What is the probability of
getting even sum :
n ^S h = 23 = 8 Ans :
(i) three heads,
Total number of outcomes = 6 # 6 = 36
Favourable outcome is {HHH} i.e. only one outcome.
Possible sum of two numbers on the two dice are 2, 3,
Thus n (E1) = 1 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. i.e. outcomes favourable to event are

(1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3), (1, 3), (3, 3), Substituting P (B) = 2
5 and n (B) = 20 in above
(4, 2), (4, 2), (5, 1), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 3), (6, 2), (6, 2) equation we have
Hence, number of outcomes favourable to E is 18. 2 = 20 & n (S) = 20 # 5 = 50
n (S) = 36 5 n (S) 2
n (E) = 18 Thus there are 50 total balls.
Required probability, 114.A bag contains 18 balls out of which x balls are red.
n (E) (i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, what
P (E) = = 18 = 1 is the probability that it is not red ?
n (S) 36 2
(ii) If 2 more red balls are put in the bag, the
112.Three unbiased coins are tossed together. Find the probability of drawing a red ball will be 98 times
probability of getting : the probability of drawing a red ball in the first
(i) at least two heads, case. Find the value of x .
(ii) almost two heads. Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015]
Total ball, n (S) = 18
Sample space for three coins tossed is {HHH, HHT,
HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Red ball n (R) = x
n ^S h = 8 (i) not red
n (R)
(i) Sample space for at least 2 heads is {HHH, HHT, P (red ball), P (R) = = x
HTH, THH} n (S) 18
Number of favourable outcomes, P (no red ball),
n (E1) = 4 P (R ) = 1 - x = 18 - x
18 18
P (at least two heads).
n (E1) (ii) Now two more red balls are added.
P (E1) = =4=1
n (S) 8 2 Now total ball nl (S) = 18 + 2 = 20
(ii) Sample space for almost two heads is {HHT, HTH, There are total x + 2 red ball.
TTT, THH, THT, TTH, HTT}
nl (R) = x + 2
nl (R)
n (E2) = 7 P (red balls), Pl (R) = = x+2
nl (S) 20
n Ê2h
P ( almost 2 heads), P Ê2h = =7 Now, according to the question,
n ^S h 8
x+2 = 9 x
113.A bag contains, white, black and red balls only. A ball 20 8 # 18
is drawn at random from the bag. If the probability
of getting a white ball is 103 and that of a black ball 180x = 144x + 288
is 25 , then find the probability of getting a red ball. 36x = 288
If the bag contains 20 black balls, then find the total
number of balls in the bag. x = 288 = 8
36
Now substituting x = 8 we have

We have P (W) = 3
10
P (R ) = 18 - 8 = 10 = 5
18 18 9
P (B) = 2
5 115.Cards numbered 1 to 30 are put in a bag. A card
is drawn at random. Find the probability that the
P (R) = 1 - c 3 + 2 m = 3 drawn card is
10 5 10
(i) prime number > 7
n (B) (ii) not a perfect square
Now P (B) =
n (S) Ans : [Board Term-2, 2014]
We have 30 cards and thus there are 30 possible Ans : [Board Term-2 2014]
outcomes. We have 5 cards and thus there are 5 possible
n (S) = 30 outcomes.
(i) prime number > 7 n (S) = 5
Favourable outcomes are 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29. Thus (i) Drawn card is queen
number of favourable outcomes, No. of favourable outcomes,
n (E1) = 6 n (E1) = 1
n (E1)
P (prime no. > 7) P (E1) = = 6 =1 P (queen), P (E1) =
n (E1)
=1
n (S) 30 5 n (S) 5
(ii) not a perfect square (ii) second card drawn is an ace
Favourable outcomes are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25. Thus number Since, queen was kept, number of all possible outcomes
of favourable outcomes,
P (not a perfect square), n (S) = 5 - 1 = 4
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 25 = 5
n ^S h 30 6 n (E2) = 1
116.Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the P (second card drawn is an ace),
probability of getting : n Ê2h
P Ê2h = =1
(i) same number on both dice n ^S h 4
(ii) sum of two numbers appearing on both the dice is
8. 118.From all the two digit numbers a number is chosen at
Ans : [Board Term-2 2012] random. Find the probability that the chosen number
is a multiple of 7.
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices.
n (S) = 36
All possible outcomes are 10, 11, 12 ........., 98 and 99.
(i) same number on both dice No. of all possible outcomes
Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4),
(5, 5) and (6, 6). n (S) = 90
Thus number of favourable outcome All favourable outcomes are 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56,
63, 70, 77, 84, 91 and 98 i.e 13 outcome.
n (E1) = 6
No. of favourable outcomes
P (Same number on both dice)
n Ê h = 13
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 6 =1 P (getting a number multiple of 7),
n (S) 36 6
n Ê h
(ii) sum of two numbers appearing on both the dice is P Ê h = = 13
8. n ^S h 90
Favourable outcome are (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (6, 2) and 119.A box contains cards, number 1 to 90. A card is drawn
(5, 3). Thus number of favourable outcomes, at random from the box. Find the probability that the
selected card bears a :
n (E2) = 5
(i) Two digit number.
n Ê2h
P (Sum is 8), P Ê2h = = 5 (ii) Perfect square number
n ^S h 36 Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt. 2017]
117.Five cards, ten, Jack, Queen, King and Ace of We have 90 cards and thus there are 90 possible
diamonds are well shuffled. One card is picked up outcomes.
from them. n (S) = 90
(i) Find the probability that the drawn card is
Queen. (i) No. of cards having 2 digit number 90 - 9 = 81.
(ii) If Queen is put aside, then find the probability Number of favourable outcomes,
that the second card drawn is an ace.
n (E1) = 81

P (selected card bears two digit number) FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

n (E1)
P (E1) = = 81 = 9
n (S) 90 10
121.What is the probability that a randomly taken leap
(ii) Perfect square number between 1 to 90 are 1, 4, 9, year has 52 Sundays?
16, 25, 36, 49, 64 and 81 i.e. 9 numbers. Ans : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Number of days in a leap year = 366
n (E2) = 9
P (perfect square numbers) Number of weeks = 366 = 52.28
7
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 9 = 1 So, there will be 52 weeks and 2 days
n ^S h 90 10
So, every leap year has 52 Sundays
120.Two different dice are thrown together. Find the Now, the probability depends on remaining 2 days
probability that the number obtained : The Possible pairing of days are
(i) have a sum less than 7. Sunday - Monday
(ii) have a product less than 16. Monday - Tuesday
(iii) is a doublet of odd numbers. Tuesday - Wednesday
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] Wednesday - Thursday
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. Thursday - Friday
Friday - Saturday
n (S) = 36
Saturday - Sunday
(i) have a sum less than 7. There are total 7 pairs and out of 7 pairs, only 2 pairs
Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), have Sunday. The remaining 5 pairs does not include
(1,5) (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), Sunday.
(4, 1), (4, 2) and (5, 1).
n (S) = 7
n (E1) = 15 n (A) = 5
P (have sum less than 7), n (A)
P (A) = =5
n (S) 7
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 15 = 5
n (S) 36 12 Therefore, the probability of only 52 Sunday in a Leap
(ii) have a product less than 16. year is 5 .
7
Favourable outcome are (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),
122.Jayanti throws a pair of dice and records the product
(1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,
of the numbers appearing on the dice. Pihu throws 1
2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5,
dice and records the squares the number that appears
2), (5, 3), (6, 1) and (6, 2).
on it. Who has the better chance of getting the
No. of favourable outcomes, number 36? Justify?
n (E2) = 24 Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
P (have a product less than 16), Jayanti throws two dice together. There are 62 = 36
n Ê2h total number of possible outcomes.
P Ê2h = = 24 = 2
n ^S h 36 3 n (S) = 36
(iii) is a doublet of odd numbers. She get 36 only when she gets (6, 6),
Favourable outcome are (1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 1), No. of favourable outcomes,
(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 1), (5, 3) and (5, 5).
n (E1) = 1
P (getting the numbers of product 25)
n (E3) = 9
n (E1)
P (a doublet of odd number), P (E1) = = 1
n (S) 36
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 9 =1 Pihu throws one dice. There are 6 total number of all
n ^S h 36 4
possible outcomes. Let x and y be the number of blue and black marbles.
No of green marbles = 11
n (S) = 6
Total number of marbles = x + y + 11
The number where square is 36 is 6.
According to the problem,
n (E2) = 1 P (black marbles) = 1
4
P (getting a number whose square is 36)
y
=1
n (E2) x + y + 11 4
P (E2) = =1
n (S) 6
x = 3y - 11 ...(1)
P (E2) > P (E1)
Hence, Pihu has better chances to the number square Again, P (blue marble) = 1
5
36.
x =1
123.Peter throws two different dice together and finds the x + y + 11 5
product of the two numbers obtained. Rina throws a
die and squares the number obtained. Who has the 5x = x + y + 11
better chance to get the numbers 25. y + 11
x = ...(2)
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2017] 4
Peter throws two dice together. There are 62 = 36 From equation (1) and (2), we have
total number of possible outcomes. y + 11
3y - 11 =
n (S) = 36 4
He get 25 only when he gets (5, 5), 12y - 44 = y + 11
12y - y = 11 + 44
n (E1) = 1
11y = 55 & y = 5
P (getting the numbers of product 25),
n (E1) n (A) From equation (1) we have
P (E1) = = = 1
n (S) n (S) 36 x = 3 # 5 - 11 = 4
Rina throws one dice. There are 6 total number of all Hence, total number of marbles in the jar,
possible outcomes.
x + y + 11 = 4 + 5 + 11 = 20
n (S) = 6
The number where square is 25 is 5. 125.Cards marked with numbers 3, 4, 5, .........50 are
No. of favourable outcomes, placed in a bag and mixed thoroughly. One card is
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability
n (E2) = 1 that number on the card drawn is :
P (getting a number whose square is 25) (i) Divisible by 7.
n Ê2h (ii) A perfect square.
P Ê2h = =1
n ^S h 6 (iii) A multiple of 6.
P (E2) > P (E1)
We have 48 cards and thus there are 48 possible
Hence, Rina has better chances to the number square
outcomes.
25.
n (S) = 48
124.The probability of selecting a blue marble at random
from a jar that contains only blue, black and green (i) Divisible by 7.
marbles is 15 . The probability of selecting a black Number of cards divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35,
marble at random from the same jar is 14 . If the jar 35, 42 and 49.
contains 11 green marbles, find the total number of No. of favourable outcomes,
marbles in the jar. n (E1) = 7

P (cards divisible by 7), (iv) a face card

n (E1) Number of face cards, n (E 4) = 12 - 6 = 6
P (E1) = = 7
n (S) 48
n Ê 4h
P (a face card) P Ê 4h = = 6 = 3
(ii) A perfect square. n ^S h 46 23
Number of cards having a perfect square are 4, 9, 16,
25, 36 and 49. 127.All the black face cards are removed from a pack of 52
No. of favourable outcomes, cards. Find the probability of getting a
n (E2) = 6 (i) face card
(ii) red card
P (cards having a perfect square),
(iii) black card
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 6 =1 (iv) king
n ^S h 48 8
(iii) A multiple of 6.
There are 52 - 6 = 46 cards after removing black face
Number of multiples of 6 from 3 to 50 are 6, 12, 24,
cards. We have 46 cards and thus there are 48 possible
30, 36, 42, and 48.
outcomes.
n (S) = 46
n (E3) = 6
(i) face card
P (multiple of 6 from 3 to 50),
Number of red cards, n (E1) = 12 - 6 = 6
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 8 =1
n ^S h 48 6
P (face card), P (E1) =
n (E1)
= 6 = 3
n (S) 46 23
126.All the red face cards are removed from a pack of (ii) red card
52 playing cards. A card is drawn at random from
the remaining cards, after reshuffling them. Find the Number of red card, n (E2) = 26
probability that the drawn card is n Ê2h 26 13
P (red card), P Ê2h = = =
(i) of red colour n ^S h 46 23
(ii) a queen
(iii) black card
(iii) an ace
(iv) a face card. Number of black card, n (E3) = 26 - 6 = 20
Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015] n Ê3h
P (black card), P Ê3h = = 20 = 10
There are 52 - 6 = 46 cards after removing black face n ^S h 46 23
cards. We have 46 cards and thus there are 48 possible (iv) king
outcomes.
Number of king, n (E 4) = 4 - 2 = 2
n (S) = 46
n Ê 4h
P (king), P Ê 4h = = 2 = 1
(i) red colour n ^S h 46 23
Number of red cards, n (E1) = 26 - 6 = 20
128.A box contains 20 cards from 1 to 20. A card is drawn
n (E1)
P (red colour), P (E1) = = 20 = 10 at random from the box. Find the probability that the
n (S) 46 23 number on the drawn card is
(ii) a queen (i) divisible by 2 or 3
No. of queen, n (E2) = 4 - 2 = 2 (ii) a prime number
n Ê2h
P (a queen), P Ê2h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 46 23 We have 20 cards and thus there are 20 possible
outcomes.
(iii) an ace
n (S) = 20
No. of ace, n (E3) = 4
(i) divisible by 2 or 3
n Ê3h
P (an ace), P Ê3h = = 4 = 2 Number divisible by 2 or 3 are 6, 12, 18.
n ^S h 46 23
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Number of favourable outcomes, P (a odd number less than 30),

n (E1) = 3 n Ê3h 12
P Ê3h = =
P (divisible by 2 or 3), n ^S h 65
n (E1) (iv) a composite number between 50 and 70
P (E1) = = 3 Composite number between 50 and 70 are 51, 52, 54,
n (S) 20
55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68 and 69.
(ii) a prime number
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19 i.e 8
numbers. n (E 4) = 15
Number of favourable outcomes, P (a composite number between 50 and 70)
n (E2) = 8 n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 15 = 3
P (a prime no.), n ^S h 65 13
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 8 =2 130.A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled deck
n ^S h 20 5 of playing cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is :
129.A box contains cards bearing numbers from 6 to 70.
(i) a card of spade or an ace.
If one card is drawn at random from the box, find the
probability that it bears, (ii) a black king.
(i) a one digit number. (iii) neither a jack nor a king.
(ii) a number divisible by 5. (iv) either a king or a queen.
(iii) an odd number less than 30. Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2015]
(iv) a composite number between 50 and 70. We have 52 cards and thus there are 52 possible
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] outcomes.
We have 70 - 5 = 65 cards and thus there are 65 n (S) = 52

possible outcomes. (i) a card of spade or an ace
n (S) = 65 Cards of spade or an ace,
(i) a one digit number. n (E1) = 13 + 3 = 16
One digit numbers are 6, 7, 8 and 9. P (spade or an ace),
Number of favourable outcomes n (E1)
P (E1) = = 16 = 4
n (E1) = 4 n (S) 52 13
P (one digit number), (ii) a black king
n (E1) Number of black kings,
P (E1) = = 4
n (S) 65 n (E2) = 2
(ii) a number divisible by 5. P (a black king),
Number divisible by 5 are 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, n Ê2h
45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 i.e. 13 numbers. P Ê2h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 52 26
(iii) neither a jack nor a king
n (E2) = 13
There are 4 + 4 = 8 Jack or king.
P (a number divisible by 5),
Number of neither jack nor a king,
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1 n (E3) = 52 - 8 = 44
n ^S h 65 5
P (neither jack nor a king),
(iii) an odd number less than 30.
n Ê3h 44 11
Odd number less than 30 are 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 P Ê3h = = =
23, 25, 27 and 29. n ^S h 52 13
Number of favourable outcomes, (iv) either a king or a queen
n (E3) = 12 There are 4 + 4 = 8 king or queen.

n (E 4) = 8 (ii) P (blue ball)

n (B)
P (either a king or a queen), P (R) = = 12 = 4
n (S) 15 5
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 8 = 2 (iii) P (blue ball if of 5 extra red balls are actually
n ^S h 52 13
added)
131.A bag contains 15 balls of which x are blue and the
nl (R)
remaining are red. If the number of red balls are Pl (R) = = 3+5 = 8 = 2
nl (S) 15 + 5 20 5
increased by 5, the probability of drawing the red
balls doubles. Find :
132.Three digit number are made using the digits 4, 5,
(i) P (red ball) 9 (without repetition). If a number among them is
(ii) P (blue ball) selected at random, what is the probability that the
(iii) P (blue ball if of 5 extra red balls are actually number will :
added) (i) be a multiple of 5 ?
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015] (ii) be a multiple of 9 ?
(iii) will end with 9 ?
Total ball, n (S) = 15
Blue ball n (B) = x
Total number of three digit numbers are 459, 495, 549,
Red ball n (R) = 15 - x 594, 945 and 954. Thus we have 6 possible outcomes.
Now probability of drawing red ball, n (S) = 6
n (R) (i) be a multiple of 5
P (R) = = 15 - x ...(1)
n (S) 15 Multiple of 5 are 495 and 945.
If the number of red balls are increased by 5, i.e. total n (E1) = 2
the probability of drawing the red balls doubles.
P (multiple of 5),
In this case, number of total ball,
n (E1)
n (S l ) = 15 + 5 = 20 P (E1) = =2=1
n (S) 6 3
and number of red ball, (ii) be a multiple of 9
n (Rl ) = 15 - x + 5 = 20 - x . All are multiple of 9.
Now in this case probability of drawing red ball, n (E2) = 6
nl (R) -
P (Rl ) = = 20 x P (multiple of 9),
nl (S) 20
n Ê2h 6
According to the question, we have P Ê2h = = =1
n ^S h 6
P (Rl ) = 2P (R)
(iii) will end with 9
20 - x = 2 b 15 - x l Numbers 459 and 549 ends with 9.
20 15
n (E3) = 2
1 - x = 2 - 2x P (ending with 9),
20 15
n Ê2h
2x - x = 2 - 1 P Ê3h = =2=1
15 20 n ^S h 6 3
133.A number x is selected at random from the numbers
8x - 3x = 1 1, 2, 3 and 4. Another number y is selected at random
60
from the numbers 1, 4, 9 and 16. Find the probability
5x = 60 & x = 12 that product of x and y is less than 16.
(i) P (red ball) Ans : [Board Term-2 OD 2016]
n (R) We have,
P (R) = = 15 - 12 = 3 = 1 Total possible outcome are 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9, 12,
n (S) 15 15 5
16, 16, 18, 27, 32, 36 48 and 64 which are shown in
following table.
1 2 3 4 P (Ramlal will buy a shirt),

#
n (E1)
1 1 2 3 4 P (E1) = = 110 = 22
n (S) 125 25
4 4 8 12 16
(ii) Naveen will buy it
9 9 18 27 36
Naveen will reject the shirt which have major defects
16 16 32 48 64 and will buy all other shirts.
There are 16 possible outcomes,
n (E2) = 125 - 3 = 122
n (S) = 16
P (Naveen will buy the shirt)
Total favourable number having product less than 16
n Ê2h
are 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9 and 12. P Ê2h = = 122
Number of favourable outcomes n ^S h 125
n (E) = 8 136.A box contains 90 discs which are numbered 1 to 90.

If one disc is drawn at random from the box, find the
P (product of x and y is less than 16),
probability that it bears
n Ê h (i) a two digit number,
P Ê h = = 8 =1
n ^S h 16 2 (ii) number divisible by 5.
134.Two different dice are rolled together once. Find the
probability of numbers coming on the tops whose Total number of discs in the box are 90.
product is a perfect square. Thus we have 90 possible outcomes.
n (S) = 90
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. (i) a two digit number,
n (S) = 36 Discs with two digit number are 10, 11, .....89 and 90
which are 81 numbers.
Favourable outcome are (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) (5, 5),
(6, 6), (1, 1), (4, 1) and (1, 4). No. of favourable outcomes,
Number of favourable outcomes n (E1) = 81
n (E) = 8 P (a disc with two digit number)
n (E1)
P (product is a prefect square), P (E1) = = 81 = 9
n (S) 90 10
n (E)
P (E) = = 8 =2 (ii) number divisible by 5
n (S) 36 9
The numbers divisible by 5 between 1 to 90 are 5, 10,
135.A box contains 125 shirts of which 110 are good 12 15 ..... 85 and 90 which are 18 numbers.
have minor defects and 3 have major defects. Ram Lal No. of favourable outcomes,
will buy only those shirts which are good while Naveen
will reject only those which have major defects. A n (E2) = 18
shirt is taken out at random from the box. Find the P (a disc with a number divisible by 5)
probability that : n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 18 = 1
(i) Ram Lal will buy it n ^S h 90 5
(ii) Naveen will buy it
137.Cards on which numbers 1, 2, 3 .......... 100 are written
(one number on one card and no number is repeated),
For both case total shirt, put in a bag and are mixed thoroughly. A card is
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability
n (S) = 125 that card taken out has
(i) Ram Lal will buy it (i) an even number
Ramlal will buy only a good shirt. (ii) a number which is a multiple of 13.
No. of all possible outcomes, (iii) a perfect square number.
n (E1) = 110 (iv) a prime number less than 20.

Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi Compt 2017] (5, 1), (5, 3) (5, 5) (6, 2), (6, 4) and (6, 6).
There are 100 cards in bags. Thus we have 100 possible Number of favourable outcomes,
outcomes. n (E1) = 18
n (S) = 100 n (E1)
(i) an even number P (even sum), P (E1) = = 18 = 1 or 0.5
n (S) 36 2
Even numbers 1 to 100 are 50. (ii) Even product
Number of favourable outcomes, Favourable outcome are (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1),
n (E1) = 50 (2,2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 2) (5, 4),
P (an even number),
(5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5) and (6, 6).
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 50 = 1 Number of favourable outcomes
n (S) 100 2
n (E2) = 27
(ii) A number which is a multiple of 13
Numbers multiples of 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78 and 91. P (have a product less than 16),
n Ê2h
No. of favourable outcomes, P Ê2h = = 27 = 3 = 0.75
n ^S h 36 4
n (E2) = 7
P (card taken out has multiple of 13), Probability of getting even product is 3 or 0.75.
4
n Ê2h
P Ê2h = = 7
n ^S h 100 139.From a deck of 52 playing cards, Jacks and kings of
(iii) a perfect square number red colour and Queen and Aces of black colour are
Perfect square number in 1 to 100 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, removed. The remaining cards are mixed and a card
36, 49, 64, 81 and 100. is drown at random. Find the probability that the
drawn card is
No. of all favourable outcomes,
(i) a black queen
n (E3) = 10 (ii) a card of red colour
P (perfect square number), (iii) a Jack of black colour
(iv) a face card
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 10 = 1 Ans :
n ^S h 100 10 [Board Term-2 OD Compt 2017]
(iv) a prime number less than 20 There are 52 - ^2 + 2 + 2 + 2h = 44 cards in deck.

Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 Thus we have 44 possible outcomes.
and 19.
No. of all favourable outcomes, n (S) = 44
(i) a black queen
n (E 4) = 8
Number of black Queens in the deck,
P (prime number less than 20),
n (E1) = 0
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 8 = 2 P (getting a black queen),
n ^S h 100 25
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 0 =0
138.Two different dice are thrown together. Find the n (S) 44
probability that the numbers obtained have Hence it is an impossible event
(i) even sum, and (ii) even product. (ii) a card of red colour
Ans : Number of red cards,
There are 36 possible outcomes of rolling two dices. n (E2) = 26 - 4 = 22
n (S) = 36 P (getting a red card),
n Ê2h
P Ê2h =
(i) even sum
= 22 = 1
Favourable outcome are (1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 1), (2, 2), n ^S h 44 2
(2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1) (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (iii) a Jack of black colour
Number of Jacks (black), 141.In Figure a disc on which a player spins an arrow
twice. The fraction ab is formed, where a is the number
n (E3) = 2
of sector on which arrow stops on the first spin and ‘b’
P (getting a black coloured Jack), is the number of the sector in which the arrow stops
n Ê3h on second spin, On each spin, each sector has equal
P Ê3h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 44 22 chance of selection by the arrow.
Find the probability that the fraction ab > 1
(iv) a face card
Number of face cards in the deck,
n (E 4) = 12 - 6 = 6
P (getting a face card),
n Ê 4h
P Ê 4h = = 6 = 3
n ^S h 44 22
140.A bag contains 20 balls out of which x balls are red.
For ab > 1, when a = 1, b can not take any value.
(i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, find
the probability that it is not red. For a = 2 , b can take 1 value i.e. 1.
(ii) If 4 more red balls are out into the bag, the For a = 3 , b can take 2 values, i.e. 1 and 2.
probability of drawing a red ball will be 54 times For a = 4, b can take 3 values i.e. 1, 2, and 3.
the probability of drawing a red ball in the first For a = 5, b can take 4 values i.e. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
case. Find the value of x . For a = 6, b can take 5 values i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Ans : [Board Term-2 Foreign 2015] Total possible outcomes,
Total ball, n (S) = 20 n (S) = 36

Favourable outcomes,
Red ball n (R) = x
(i) not red n (E) = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
n (E)
P (red ball), P (R) =
n (R)
= x p d a > 1n , P (E) = = 15 = 5
n (S) 20 b n (S) 36 12
P (no red ball), 142.A bag contains 25 cards numbered from 1 to 25.
P (R ) = 1 - x = 20 - x ...(1) A card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the
20 20 probability that the number on the drawn card is :
(ii) Now two more red balls are added. (i) divisible by 3 or 5
Total ball nl (S) = 20 + 4 = 24 (ii) a perfect square number.
Ans : [Board Term-2, 2015)
There are total x + 4 red ball.
nl (R) = x + 4 Total cards n (S) = 25
nl (R) (i) divisible by 3 or 5

P (red balls), Pl (R) = = x+4 Number divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 24,
nl (S) 24
and number divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25.
Now, according to the question,
Thus number divisible by 3 or 5,
x+4 = 5 x
24 4 # 20 n (E1) = 12
x+4 = x
24 16 P (divisible by 3 or 5),
16x + 64 = 24x n (E1)
P (E1) = = 12
n (S) 25
64 = 8x & x = 8
(ii) a perfect square number.
For first case, substituting x = 8 in equation (1) we
have Perfect square number are 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25.
n (E2) = 5
P (R ) = 20 - 8 = 12 = 3
20 20 5 P (a perfect square no.),

n Ê2h (a) 0.23 (b) 0.45

P Ê2h = = 5 =1
n ^S h 25 5 (c) 0.56 (d) 0.34
143.A dice is rolled twice. Find the probability that : (iii) What is the probability that card taken out has a
(i) 5 will not come up either time. odd number which is multiple of 11?
(ii) 5 will come up exactly one time. (a) 0.05 (b) 0.10
Ans : [Board Term-2 Delhi 2014] (c) 0.12 (d) 0.06
When a dice is rolled twice, total number of outcomes, (iv) What is the probability that card taken out has
2 an odd number which is not less than 70 ?
n (S) = 6 = 36
(a) 0.13 (b) 0.14
There are 25 outcomes when 5 not come up either
time. (c) 0.12 (d) 0.15
(v) What is the probability that card taken out has
Thus n (E1) = 25
an odd number which is not multiple of 11 ?
P (5 will not come up either time), (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
n (E1) (c) 0.40 (d) 0.45
P (E1) = = 25
n (S) 36 Ans :
(ii) 5 will come up exactly one time. (i) There are 100 cards in bags. Thus we have 100
Possible outcomes are (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), possible outcomes for all cases.
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6) and (6, 5).
n (S) = 100
n (E2) = 10
Odd numbers 1 to 100 are 50.
P (5 will come up exactly one time) Number of favourable outcomes,
n Ê2h 10
P Ê2h = = = 5 n (E1) = 50
n ^S h 36 18
P (an odd number),
n (E1)
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS P (E1) = = 50 = 1 = 0.5
n (S) 100 2
144.Cards on which numbers 1, 2, 3 .......... 100 are written (ii) Total odd number are 50 and 5 numbers are one
(one number on one card and no number is repeated), digit odd number. Hence two digit odd number are 45.
put in a bag and are mixed thoroughly. A card is Thus favourable outcomes,
drawn at random from the bag.
n (E2) = 50 - 5 = 45
P (Two digit odd number),
n (E2)
P (E2) = = 45 = 0.45
n (S) 100
(iii) Favourable outcomes are {11, 33, 55, 77, 99}.
Number of favourable outcomes is 5. Therefore
n (E3) = 5
P (odd number multiple of 11),
Ans : n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 5 = 0.05
n ^S h 100
(i) What is the probability that card taken out has a
odd number ? Thus (a) is correct option.
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.49 (iv) Favourable outcomes are 71, 73, 75, ......99.
(c) 0.50 (d) 0.51 Number of favourable outcomes,
(ii) What is the probability that card taken out has a n (E 4) = 15

two digit odd number ? P (odd number not less than 70),
n Ê 4h (a) 7 (b) 2
P Ê 4h = = 15 = 0.15
n ^S h 100 36 9
5
Thus (d) is correct option. (c) 18 (d) 11
36
(v) Total odd number are 50 and out of which {11, Ans :
33, 55, 77, 99} are multiple of 11. Thus 50 - 5 = 45
numbers are not multiple of 11. (i) All possible outcome are given as below:
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
Therefore n (E5) = 45
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
P (odd number not multiple of 11), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
n Ê5h
P Ê5h = = 45 = 0.45 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
n ^S h 100 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
Thus (d) is correct option. (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Number of all possible outcomes in all case,
145.In two dice game, the player take turns to roll both n (S) = 6 # 6 = 36
dice, they can roll as many times as they want in one
turn. A player scores the sum of the two dice thrown Favourable outcome are $2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. . We may
and gradually reaches a higher score as they continue get as follows
to roll. If a single number 1 is thrown on either die, {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 5), (5, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2),
the score for that whole turn is lost. Two dice are (3, 3), (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4), (6, 4), (4, 6),
thrown simultaneously. (5, 5), (6, 6)}
Thus number of favourable outcomes,
n (E1) = 18
P (sum as an even number),
n (E1)
P (E1) = = 18 = 1
n (S) 36 2
(i) What is the probability of getting the sum as an Thus (d) is correct option.
even number ?
(a) 3 (b) 1 (ii) Favourable outcome are "2, 3, 5, 7, 11, , which may
4 2 be as follows
{(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 6),
(c) 1 (d) 5
4 8 (6, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, 5), (5, 6)}
(ii) What is the probability of getting the sum as a Thus number of favourable outcomes,
prime number ? n (E1) = 15
(a) 5 (b) 1 P (sum as a prime number),
12 6
n (E2)
(c) 7 (d) 11 P (E2) = = 15 = 5
12 12 n (S) 36 12
(iii) What is the probability of getting the sum of at-
least 10? (iii) Favourable outcomes are {(5, 5), (6, 4), (4, 6), (6,
5), (5, 6), (6, 6)}
(a) 5 (b) 5 Thus number of favourable outcomes,
12 6
(c) 1 (d) 7 n (E3) = 6

6 12
(iv) What is the probability of getting a doublet of P (sum of atleast 10),
even number ? n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 6 =1
(a) 1 (b) 5 n ^S h 36 6
12 12 Thus (c) is correct option.
(iv) Favourable outcomes are {(2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6)}
(c) 11 (d) 7
12 12 Thus number of favourable outcomes,
(v) What is the probability of getting a product of n (E3) = 3
numbers greater than 16?
P (doublet of even number),

n Ê 4h (v) What is the probability of favourite colour being

P Ê 4h = = 3 = 1
n ^S h 36 12 red or blue?
Thus (a) is correct option. (a) 0.2 (b) 0.3
(c) 0.1 (d) 0.4
(v) Favourable outcomes are {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5,
4), (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6),} Ans :
Thus number of favourable outcomes, Area of region
(i) Probability = Area of circle
n (E5) = 10
P ( product of numbers greater than 16), Total Angle in region
=
n Ê5h 360c
P Ê5h = = 10 = 5
n ^S h 36 18 P (red) = 36 c = 1 = 0.1
360c 10
146.A survey was taken at a high school, and the results
(ii) P (blue of green) = 72c + 36c = 108c = 3 = 0.3
were put in a circle graph. The students were asked to 360c 360c 10
list their favourite colours. The measurement of each
central angle is shown. If a person is chosen at random
from the school, find the probability of each response. (iii)
P (not red or blue) = 1 - P (red or blue)
= 1 - 36c + 72c = 1 - 108c

360c 360c
= 1 - 3 = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
10
(iv)
a. P (not orange or green) = 1 - P (orange or green)
= 1 - 144c + 36c = 1 - 180c

360c 360c
= 1 - 1 = 0.5
2
(i) What is the probability of favourite colour being (v) P (red or blue) = 1 - P (not red or blue)
red ?
= 1 - 0.7 = 0.3
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.4
(ii) What is the probability of favourite colour being 147.A game at a stall in new year carnival involves spinning
blue or green ? a wheel first as a first step to complete the game
with certain rules. If the wheel stops at a particular
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2
number, then the player is allowed to roll a 6 faced
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.4 unbiased dice.
(iii) What is the probability of favourite colour not Rules of Game:
being red or blue? 1. If the wheel stops at a particular number, then
(a) 0.35 (b) 0.70 the player is allowed to roll a unbiased dice.
2. If the wheel stops at any other number, player get
(c) 0.15 (d) 0.50 to try again and only one extra try allowed.
(iv) What is the probability of favourite colour not If player reach the next stage and roll a dice, he
being orange or green ? may get a prize depending on the number on dice.
(a) 0.65 (b) 0.75
(c) 0.25 (d) 0.50
n (E) = 4
Probability of getting an even number on the wheel,
n (E)
P (E) = =4 =1
n (S) 8 2
(ii) Total outcomes n (S) = 8

Favourable outcome are {3, 5, 7, 9}, therefore
n (E) = 4
Probability of getting an odd number on the wheel,
n (E)
(i) What is the probability of getting an even number P (E) = =4 =1
n (S) 8 2
on the wheel?
(a) 1 (b) 1
4 2 (iii) Dice has total six outcome, thus total outcome
(c) 1 (d) 1 n (S) = 6
8 16
Number greater than 4 on dice are {5, 6}, therefore
(ii) If getting an odd number on the wheel allows a
n (E) = 2
player to roll the die, then what is the probability
of his rolling the die ? Probability of getting a number greater than 4,
(a) 1 (b) 1 P (E) =
n (E)
=2 =1
4 2 n (S) 6 3
(c) 1 (d) 1 Thus (c) is correct option.
8 16
(iv) Total outcomes n (S) = 8
(iii) If the player is allowed to roll the dice and getting
a number greater than 4 entitles him to get prize, Favourable outcome are {4, 9}, therefore
what is the probability of his winning the prize? n (E) = 2
(a) 3 (b) 1 Probability of getting a square number on the wheel,
4 6
n (E)
(c) 1 (d) 2 P (E) = =2 =1
3 3 n (S) 8 4
(iv) If getting a square number on the wheel allows a Thus (a) is correct option.
player to roll the dice, then what is the probability (v) Dice has total six outcome, thus total outcome
of his rolling the dice ?
n (S) = 6
(a) 1 (b) 1
4 2 Prime number on dice are {2, 3, 5}, therefore
(c) 1 (d) 2 n (E) = 3
3 3
(v) If the player is allowed to roll the die and getting Probability of getting a prime number on dice,
a prime number on die entitles him to get prize, n (E)
P (E) = =3 =1
then what is the probability of his winning the n (S) 6 2
prize?
(a) 1 (b) 1
4 2 148.Five friends and one of their mother are having a
(c) 1 (d) 1 picnic. The mother deicide to play card game. 17
3 6 cards numbered 1, 2, 3 ... 17 are put in a box and
Ans : mixed thoroughly. The mother asks each boy to draw
a card and after each draw she shows some magic
(i) Total outcomes n (S) = 8
Favourable outcome are {2, 4, 6, 8}, therefore

tricks based on card number. Probability of drawing an odd number card in the
first draw by the first boy,
n (E)
P (E) = = 9
n (S) 17
(ii) Total outcomes n (S) = 17

Favourable outcome are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17},
therefore
n (E) = 7
Probability of drawing prime number card by the
second boy,
(i) What is the probability of drawing an odd number
n (E)
card in the first draw by the first boy ? P (E) = = 7
n (S) 17
(a) 8 (b) 9
17 17 Thus (c) is correct option.
(c) 10 (d) 11 (iii) If the card drawn is not replaced, then total
17 17 number of cards remaining are 16.
(ii) Now in second draw, card drawn in first draw is
replaced. What is the probability of drawing a Total outcomes n (S) = 16
prime number card by the second boy? Favourable outcome are {6, 9, 12, 15}, therefore
(a) 6 (b) 9 n (E) = 4
17 17
Probability of drawing a number multiple of 3 and
(c) 7 (d) 11 greater than 5 by the third boy is,
17 17
(iii) If in second draw, boy got number 2 and the card n (E)
P (E) = = 4 =1
is not replaced, what is the probability of drawing n (S) 16 4
a card bearing a multiple of 3 greater than 5 by
the third boy?
(iv) Probability of getting number greater than 17 is
(a) 1 (b) 1 zero because there is no card having number 17.
4 3
(c) 2 (d) 5
3 6
(v) Here we must note that we have 16 card because
(iv) If the card is replaced after the third draw, what
we have not replaced card in third draw.
is the probability of drawing a card bearing a
number greater than 17 by the fourth boy ? Total outcomes n (S) = 16
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.2 Favourable outcome are {3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15},
(c) 0 (d) 1 therefore
(v) If the card is replaced after the fourth draw, what n (E) = 7
is the probability of drawing a card bearing a Probability of drawing a number multiple of 3 or 7 by
multiple of 3 or 7 by the fifth boy?: the fifth boy,
(a) 6 (b) 7 n (E)
16 16 P (E) = = 7
n (S) 16
(c) 8 (d) 9 Thus (b) is correct option.
17 17
Ans :
(i) Total outcomes n (S) = 17

Favourable outcomes are {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17},
therefore
n (E) = 9
Page 482 Basic 2021 Sample Paper
Class- X
Mathematics -Basic(241)
Sample Question Paper 2020-21
Max. Marks : 80 Duration : 3 Hours

General Instructions :
1. This question paper contains two parts A and B.
2. Both Part A and Part B have internal choices.
Part – A:
1. It consists three sections- I and II.
2. Section I has 16 questions of 1 mark each. Internal choice is provided in 5 questions.
3. Section II has 4 questions on case study. Each case study has 5 case-based sub-parts. An examinee is to attempt
any 4 out of 5 sub-parts.
Part – B:
1. Question No 21 to 26 are Very short answer Type questions of 2 mark each,
2. Question No 27 to 33 are Short Answer Type questions of 3 marks each
3. Question No 34 to 36 are Long Answer Type questions of 5 marks each.
4. Internal choice is provided in 2 questions of 2 marks, 2 questions of 3 marks and 1 question of 5 marks.
= x2 - 2x - 8
Part - A
3. Given that HCF (96,404) is 4, find the LCM ^96, 404h .
Ans :
Section - I
We have HCF (96, 404) = 4
1. Express 156 as the product of primes. As we know that,
Ans :
HCF (x, y) # LCM (x, y) = xy
2 156
4 # LCM = 96 # 404
2 78
3 39 LCM = 96 # 404
13 13 4
1
= 24 # 404
Hence, 156 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 13 LCM = 9696
= 22 # 3 # 13 or
State the fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
2. Write a quadratic polynomial, sum of whose zeroes is Ans :
2 and product is - 8 .
Every composite number can be written
Ans :
(factorised) as product of primes and this
Let the roots of the quadratic polynomial be a and b prime factorisation is unique apart from the
Now, according to the question order in which the prime factors occur.
a+b = 2 4. On comparing the ratios of the coefficients, find

out whether the pair of equations x - 2y = 0 and
and ab =- 8
3x + 4y - 20 = 0 is consistent or inconsistent.
Hence, the polynomial will be Ans :
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab

Basic 2021 Sample Paper Page 483
We have x - 2y = 0 ...(1) length of the rope.

We know that,
and 3x + 4y - 20 = 0 ...(2)
Comparing the equation (1) and (2) with Perimeter of circle = 2pr
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 = 2 # 22 # 28
7
and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , we get
= 176 m
a1 = 1, b1 =- 2 , c1 = 0 Hence, horse can graze in 176 m perimeter.
a2 = 3 , b2 = 4 , c2 =- 20
7. In the given fig. DE | | BC , +ADE = 70c and
a1 = 1 . +BAC = 50c, then angle +BCA = ______
Here,
a2 3
b1 = - 2 =- 1
b2 4 2
a1 ! b1
a2 b2
Therefore, the pair of equation is consistent.
5. If a and b are co-prime numbers, then find the

HCF â, b h .
Ans : Ans :
Since, a and b are co-prime numbers, they do not We have DE z BC
have any common factor,
+ADE = 70c
a = 1#a
and +BAC = 50c
b = 1#b
DE z BC
HCF (a, b) = 1
By converse of Thale’s theorem
6. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm +ADE = +ABC = 70c
if angle of the sector is 60c. (Take p = 227 )
In TABC ,
Ans :
+ABC + +ACB + +BAC = 180c
Radius r = 6 cm
70c + +BCA + 50c = 180c
and q = 60c
+BCA = 180c - 120c = 60c
Area of sector = q # pr2 or
360c
In the given figure, AD = 2 cm , BD = 3 cm ,
= 60c # 22 # 6 # 6 AE = 3.5 cm and AC = 7 cm . Is DE parallel to BC ?
360c 7
= 22 # 6 = 18.86 cm2
7
or
A horse tied to a pole with 28 m long rope. Find
the perimeter of the field where the horse can graze.
(Take p = 227 )
Ans :
Given, length of rope = 28 m Ans :

Perimeter where horse can graze is equal to the
perimeter of the circle with a radius equal to the We have AD = 2 cm , BD = 3 cm , AE = 3.5 cm
AC = 7 cm tan 30c = BC
CD
Here, EC = (7 - 3.5) cm = 3.5 cm
1 = BC
Now, AD = 2 3 8
DB 3
AE = 3.5 = 1 BC = 8
and 3
EC 3.5 1
Hence, height from where tree is broken is 8 m.
So, AD ! AE 3
DB EC 10. If the perimeter and the area of a circle are numerically
By converse of Thale’s theorem, DE is not parallel equal, then find the radius of the circle.
to BC . Ans :
8. The cost of fencing a circular field at the rate of <24 Let r be the radius of circle.
per metre is <5280. Find the radius of the field. Since Perimeter of circle = area of circle
Ans :
2pr = pr2
Given, cost of fencing a circular field =< 5280
2 =r
Now, Length of the fence = Total cost
Rate r = 2 unit
= 5280 = 220 m 11. Write the empirical relationship among mean, median
24
and mode.
Let the radius of the circular field be r . Ans :
Length of the fence = circumference of the field Empirical relation is
220 m = 2 pr 3 median = 2 mean + mode
2 # 22 # r = 220 12. To divide a line segment BC internally in the ratio

7
3 : 5, we draw a ray BX such that +CBX is an acute
r = 220 # 7 = 35 m angle. What will be the minimum number of points to
2 # 22
be located at equal distances, on ray BX ?
9. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends
so that the top of the tree touches the ground where Ans :
it makes an angle 30c. The distance between the foot To divide a line segment BC in the ratio
of the tree to the point where the top touches the m : n , a ray BX making as acute +CBX is
ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree from where drawn and then (m + n) points are marked
it is broken. at equal distances on ray BX .
Ans :
Here, m = 3 and n = 5
Let the tree be AC and is broken at point B . The Minimum number of points to be marked on BX
broken part touches at the point D on the ground as
shown in figure below. = m+n = 3+5 = 8
13. For what values of p does the pair of equations

4x + py + 8 = 0 and 2y + 2y + 2 = 0 has unique
solution?
Ans :
We have 4x + py + 8 = 0
2x + 2y + 2 = 0
Here, a1 = 4 , b1 = p , c1 = 8
In right TBCD , a2 = 2 , b2 = 2 , c2 = 2
For unique solution,

a1 ! b1 15. A tower stands vertically on the ground. From a point

a2 b2 on the ground, which is 15 m away from the foot of
the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the
4 !p
2 2 tower is found to be 60c. Find the height of the tower.
Ans :
p !4
Let AB be the tower standing vertically on the ground
Therefore, for all real values of p except 4, the given and O be the position of the observer as shown in
pair of equation will have a unique solution, figure.
or
We have OA = 15 m , +OAB = 90c, +AOB = 60c
What type of straight lines will be represented by the
system of equations 2x + 3y = 5 and 4x + 6y = 7 ?
Ans :
We have 2x + 3y - 5 = 0
4x + 6y - 7 = 0
Here, a1 = 2 , b1 = 3 , c1 =- 5
a2 = 4 , b2 = 6 , c2 =- 7
Now, a1 = 2 = 1 , b1 = 3 = 1
a2 4 2 b2 6 2
c1 = 5 Now, in right TOAB , we have
c2 7
tan 60c = AB
OA
a1 = b1 ! c1
a2 b2 c2
3 = h
Thus given pair of equation will represent parallel 15
lines.
h = 15 3 = 25.95 m
14. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A
ball is drawn at random from the bag. What is the 16. Probability of an event E + Probability of the event
probability that the ball drawn is red? E (not E ) is,_______
Ans : Ans :
Number of red balls n (R) = 3 P (E ) + P (E ) = 1
Number or black balls n (B) = 5

Total no. of balls n (S) = 3 + 5 = 8
Section II
Case study-based questions are compulsory. Attempt
Now, required probability, of being red ball,
any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question
n (R)
P ( R) = =3 carries 1 mark
n (S) 8
or 17. Mathematics teacher of a school took her 10th
A die is thrown once. What is the probability of standard students to show Red fort. It was a part
getting a prime number? of their educational trip. The teacher had interest in
Ans : history as well. She narrated the facts of Red fort
to students. Then the teacher said in this monument
Total number of all outcomes n (S) = 6 one can find combination of solid figures. There are 2
pillars which are cylindrical in shape. Also 2 domes at
Prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5. i.e 5 numbers. the corners which are hemispherical.7 smaller domes
Favourable outcome, n (E) = 3 at the centre. Flag hoisting ceremony on Independence
Day takes place near these domes.
=3=1
n (E)
Required probability, P (E) =
n (S) 6 2
(c) 98 m3 (d) 89.83 m3

Ans :
Radius, r = 3.5 m
Volume of hemisphere,
2 pr3 = 2 22 3.5 3.5 3.5
3 3# 7 # # #
(i) How much cloth material will be required to cover = 89.83 m3

2 big domes each of radius 2.5 metres? (Take
p = 227 ) Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) What is the ratio of sum of volumes of two
(a) 75 m2 (b) 78.57 m2 hemispheres of radius 1 cm each to the volume of
(c) 87.47 m2 (d) 25.8 m2 a sphere of radius 2 cm?
Ans : (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 8
(c) 8 : 1 (d) 1 : 16
Radius of spherical dome = 2.5 m
Ans :
Cloth material required
= 2 # Surface area of hemispherical dome Radius of hemisphere, r1 = 1 cm
= 2 # 2pr2 and radius of sphere, r2 = 2 cm

Now, sum of volume of two hemispheres
= 4 # 22 # 2.5 # 2.5 = 78.57 m2
7 = 2 # 2 p (r1) 3
3
(ii) Write the formula to find the volume of a = 4 # 22 # (1) 3 = 88
3 7 21
cylindrical pillar.
(a) pr2 h (b) prl Volume of sphere = 4 p (r2) 3
3
(c) pr (l + r) (d) 2pr
Ans : = 4 # 22 # (2) 3 = 88 # 8
3 7 21
If radius and height of cylindrical pillar are r and h 88
respectively, then volume is pr2 h . Required ratio = 21
88 # 8 = 1: 8
21
(iii) Find the lateral surface area of two pillars if
height of the pillar is 7 m and radius of the base 18. Class X students of a secondary school in Krishnagar
is 1.4 m . have been allotted a rectangular plot of a land for
(a) 112.3 cm2 (b) 123.2 m2 gardening activity. Saplings of Gulmohar are planted
on the boundary at a distance of 1 m from each other.
(c) 90 m2 (d) 345.2 cm2 There is a triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown
Ans : in the fig. The students are to sow seeds of flowering
plants on the remaining area of the plot.
We have r = 1.4 m and h = 7 m
So, lateral surface area,
2 # 2prh = 4 # 22 # 1.4 # 7 = 123.2 m2

7
(iv) How much is the volume of a hemisphere if the
radius of the base is 3.5 m?
(a) 85.9 m3 (b) 80 m3

Considering A as origin, answer question (i) to (v). by looking at the figure.

(i) Considering A as the origin, what are the
coordinates of A?
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 0)
(c) (0, 0) (d) ^- 1, - 1h
Ans :
Considering A as the origin, coordinate of A are
(0, 0),
Thus (c) is correct option. (i) Rahul tied the sticks at what angles to each other?
(ii) What are the coordinates of P ? (a) 30c (b) 60c
(a) (4, 6) (b) (6, 4)
(c) 90c (d) 60c
(c) (4, 5) (d) (5, 4)
Ans :
Ans :
It may be seen easily from figure that, Rahul tied the
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of P are sticks at right angle i.e. 90c.
(4, 6).
Thus (a) is correct option. (ii) Which is the correct similarity criteria applicable
(iii) What are the coordinates of R ? for smaller triangles at the upper part of this kite?
(a) (6, 5) (b) (5, 6) (a) RHS (b) SAS
(c) (6, 0) (d) (7, 4) (c) SSA (d) AAS
Ans : Ans :
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of R are Since, sticks of kite tied at 90c, so SAS similarity
(6, 5). criteria applicable for smaller triangles at upper part
of this kite.
(iv) What are the coordinates of D ? (iii) Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4:9.
(a) (16, 0) (b) (0, 0) Corresponding medians of these triangles are in
the ratio,
(c) (0, 16) (d) (16, 1)
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 9
Ans :
(c) 81 : 16 (d) 16 : 81
From figure, we easily get that coordinates of D are
Ans :
(16, 0).
If two triangles are similar then,
(v) What are the coordinate of P if D is taken as the Ratio of medians = Ratio of sides
origin?
= 4 : 9.
(a) (12, 2) (b) ^- 12, 6h
(c) (12, 3) (d) (6, 10) Thus (b) is correct option.
(iv) In a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the
Ans :
sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the
If we take D as origin, then DA is X axis and CD is angle opposite the first side is a right angle. This
the Y -axis, so coordinates of paint P = (- 12, 6) . theorem is called as,
Thus (b) is correct option. (a) Pythagoras theorem
(b) Thales theorem
19. Rahul is studying in X Standard. He is making a kite (c) Converse of Thales theorem
to fly it on a Sunday. Few questions came to his mind
while making the kite. Give answers to his questions (d) Converse of Pythagoras theorem
Ans :
According to converse of Pythagoras theorem, if zeroes are 2.

square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides, then the angle opposite the
first side is a right angle. (iii) The zeroes of the polynomial are
(a) - 1, 5 (b) - 1, 3
(c) 3, 5 (d) - 4, 2
(v) What is the area of the kite, formed by two
perpendicular sticks of length 6 cm and 8 cm? Ans :
(a) 48 cm2 (b) 14 cm2 Given polynomial intersect the X -axis at - 1 and 3.
2 2
(c) 24 cm (d) 96 cm So, zeroes are - 1 and 3.
Ans : Thus (b) is correct option.
Area of kite whose diagonals are d1 and d2 , (iv) What will be the expression of the polynomial?
= 1 d1 d2 = 1 (6) (8) = 24 cm2 (a) x2 + 2x - 3 (b) x2 - 2x + 3

2 2
Thus (c) is correct option. (c) x2 - 2x - 3 (d) x2 + 2x + 3
Ans :
20. Due to heavy storm an electric wire got bent as
shown in the figure. It followed a mathematical shape. Here, zeroes are - 1 and 3.
Answer the following questions below. Sum of zeroes =- 1 + 3 = 2
Product of zeroes = (- 1) (3) =- 3
Required polynomial is x2 -(sum of zeroes) x +
product of zeroes
= x2 - 2x - 3
(v) What is the value of the polynomial if x =- 1?
(a) 6 (b) - 18
(c) 18 (d) 0
Ans :
Let, P (x) = x2 - 2x - 3
At x =- 1, P (- 1) = (- 1) 2 - 2 (- 1) - 3
= 1+2-3 = 0
(i) Name the shape in which the wire is bent
(a) Spiral (b) ellipse
(c) linear (d) Parabola Part - B
Ans : All questions are compulsory. In case of internal
The shape shown in given figure is parabola. choices, attempt anyone.
Thus (d) is correct option. 21. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the
(ii) How many zeroes are there for the polynomial line segment joining the points (4, -3) and (8, 5) in the
(shape of the wire) ratio 3 : 1 internally.
(a) 2 (b) 3 Ans :
(c) 1 (d) 0 Let P (x, y) be the required point.
Ans : We have x1 = 4 , y1 = - 3
Since, the graph of given polynomial (shape of wire)
x2 = 8 , y2 = 5
intersect the X -axis at two points. So, number of

and m1 = 3 , m2 = 1 By equation (1) and (2), we get

AM = AN
Now, x = m1 x2 + m2 x1 MB ND
m1 + m2
3 (8) + 1 (4)
= = 28 = 7 23. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a
3+1 4 circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC .
m1 y2 + m2 y1
and y =
m1 + m2
3 (5) + 1 (- 3)
= = 15 - 3 = 3
3+1 4
Thus P (x, y) = (7, 3)

or
Find a relation between x and y such that the point
^x, y h is equidistant from the points (7, 1) and (3, 5). Ans :
Ans :
Let P (x, y) be equidistant from the points A (7, 1) and circle are equal,
B (3, 5).
At A, AP = AS (1)
Since AP = BP
At B BP = BQ (2)
AP2 = BP2
At C CR = CQ (3)
(x - 7) 2 + (y - 1) 2 = (x - 3) 2 + (y - 5) 2
At D DR = DS (4)
x2 + 49 - 14x + y2 + 1 - 2y
= x2 + 9 - 6x + y2 + 25 - 10y Adding eqn. (1), (2), (3), (4)
50 - 14x - 2y = 34 - 6x - 10y AP + BP + DR + CR = AS + DS + BQ + CQ
x-y = 2 AP + BP + DR + RC = AS + SD + BQ + QC
AB + CD = AD + BC
22. In the fig. if LM | | CB and LN | | CD , prove that
AM = AN . Hence Proved
MB ND
24. Draw a line segment of length 7.8 cm and divide it in
the ratio 5 : 8. Measure the two parts.
Ans :
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 7.8
cm.
2. Draw any ray AX making an acute angle with
AB .
3. Mark 5 + 8 = 13 point A1, A2, A3, ...., A13 on AX
such that AA1 = A1 A2 = A2 A3 = ...., A12 A13 .
Ans : 4. Join BA13 .
5. At point A5 , draw a line CA5 parallel to BA13 .
In TABC , LM z CB Hence AC | CB = 5 | 8
AM = AL On measuring, we get
By BPT , ...(1)
MB LC AC = 3 cm and CB = 4.8 cm
In TADC , LN z CD
By BPT , AN = AL ...(2)
ND LC
= 169 - 149 = 25 = 5
QR
Now tan P = = 5
PQ 12
QR
and cot R = = 5
PQ 12
tan P - cot R = 5 - 5 = 0
12 12
26. How many terms of the AP : 9, 17, 25, .......must be

taken to give a sum 636?
Ans :
Given, AP is 9, 17, 25, ..........
25. Given 15 cot A = 8 , find sin A and sec A and Sn = 636
Ans :
Here, a = 9 , d = 17 - 9 = 8
We have 15 cot A = 8 & cot A = 8
15 Now, Sn = n [2a + (n - 1) d ]
2
We draw the triangle as given below,
636 = n [2 # 9 + (n - 1) 8]
2
1272 = n [18 + 8n - 8]
1272 = n (10 + 8n)
2
8n + 10n - 1272 = 0
4n2 + 5n - 363 = 0
In right TABC , - 5 ! 25 - 4 # 4 # (- 636)
Now, n =
AC = 2
(15) + (8) 2 2#4
= 225 + 64 = 289 = 17 = - 5 ! 25 + 10176

8
Now sin A = BC = 15
AC 17
= - 5 ! 10201
8
and cos A = AB = 8
AC 17
= - 5 ! 101
or 8
Find tan P - cot R .
Thus n = - 5 + 101 , = - 5 - 101
8 8
n = 96 or - 106
8 8
n = 12 or - 53
4
Since n can not be negative, n = 12
Ans : 27. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.

Ans :
In right TPQR , by Pythagoras theorem,
Let 3 be a rational number.
QR = PR2 - PQ2
p
= 132 - 122 Then 3 = ,
q

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90c - q + 90c - q + +PTQ = 180c

where p and q are co-prime integers and q ! 0 On
squaring both the sides we have, +PTQ = 180c - 180c + 2q
p2 +PTQ = 2q
3 =
q2
Hence, +PTQ = 2+OPQ
or, p2 = 3p2
29. Meena went to a bank to withdraw <2000. She asked
Since p2 is divisible by 3, thus p is also divisible by 3.
the cashier to give her <50 and <100 notes only. Meena
Let p = 3r for some positive integer r , then we have got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of <50 and
p2 = 9r2 <100 she received.
Ans :
3q2 = 9r2
Let the <50 notes be x and <100 notes be y .
or, q2 = 3r2
Since total 25 notes were given,
Since q2 is divisible by 3, thus q is also divisible by 3.
x + y = 25 ...(1)
We have seen that p and q are divisible by 3, which
contradicts the fact that p and q are co-primes. Since total money was < 2000,
Hence, our assumption is false and 3 is irrational.
Hence, 3 is irrational. So, 50x + 100y = 2000
or x + 2y = 40 ...(2)
28. In figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to
circle with centre O from an external point T . Prove Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we get
that +PTQ = 2+OPQ . y = 15
Substituting, y = 15 in equation (1), we get
x + y = 25
x = 25 - 15 = 10
Thus Meena received 10 notes of <50 and 15 notes of
<100.
30. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to
Ans : 90. If one disc is drawn at random from the box, find
the probability that it bears
We redraw the given figure as shown below.
(i) a two-digit number
(ii) a perfect square number
(iii) a number divisible by 5
Ans :
Total discs n (S) = 90

(i) a two-digit number
Two digits number are 10, 11, 12, .....90, i.e.81 possible
outcome.
Let +OPQ be q , then n (E1) = 81
+TPQ = 90c - q P (a two-digit number),
Since, TP = TQ , due to opposite angles of equal sides n (E1)
we have P (E1) = = 81 = 9 = 0.9
n (S) 90 10
+TQP = 90c - q (ii) a perfect square number.
Perfect square numbers are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
From angle sum property of a triangle we can write,
81 i.e. 9 perfect square number.
+TPQ + +TQP + +PTQ = 180c n (E2) = 9
P (a perfect square number), = sum of the volumes of the solid sphere

n Ê2h
P Ê2h =
4 pr 3 = 4 pr 3 + 4 pr 3 + 4 pr 3
= 9 = 1 = 0.1
n ^S h 90 10 3 3 1 3 2 3 3
(iii) a number divisible by 5.
r 3 = 63 + 83 + 103
The number divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15, ..... 90, i.e
total 18 numbers. r 3 = 216 + 512 + 1000 = 1728
n (E3) = 18 r = ^1728h1/3 = ^123h1/3 = 12
P (a number divisible by 5), Therefore, radius of the resulting sphere is 12 cm.
n Ê3h
P Ê3h = = 18 = 1 = 0.2 32. Prove that sin A - cos A + 1 = 1
n ^S h 90 5 sin A + cos A - 1 sec A - tan A
or Ans :
One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 sin A
- cos
cos A + cos A
A 1
cards. Find the probability of getting LHS = sin A - cos A + 1 = cos A
(i) A king of red colour. sin A + cos A - 1 sin A

cos A + cos
cos A - cos A
A 1
(ii) A spade
^tan A + sec Ah - 1
(iii) The queen of diamonds = tan A - 1 + sec A =
tan A + 1 - sec A ^tan A - sec Ah + 1
Ans :
6^tan A + sec Ah - 1@6tan A - sec A@
=
Total cards n (S) = 52 6^tan A - sec Ah + 1@6tan A - sec A@
Number of red king,
^tan2 A - sec2 Ah - ^tan A - sec Ah
=
n (E1) = 2 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
(i) a red king,
6â - b hâ + b h = a2 - b2@
Probability of drawing red king
n (E1) = - 1 - tan A + sec A
P (E1) = = 2 = 1 = 1 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
n (S) 52 26 23
(ii) A spade 6tan2 A - sec2 A =- 1@
Number of spade cards,
^tan A - sec A + 1h
=
n (E2) = 13 ^tan A - sec A + 1h^tan A - sec Ah
P (Spade cards), -1 1
= = = RHS
n Ê2h tan A - sec A sec A - tan A
P Ê2h = = 13 = 1
n ^S h 52 4
33. A motor boat whose speed in still water is 18 km/h,
(iii) The queen of diamonds
takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream than to
We have only 1 queen of diamonds. return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed
n (E3) = 1 of the stream.
P (The queen of diamonds), Ans :
n Ê3h We have speed of boat in still water = 18 km/h

P Ê3h = = 1
n ^S h 52 Let s be the speed of the stream.
Speed of boat upstream,
31. Metallic spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm
respectively are melted to form a solid sphere. Find = speed of boat in still water - speed of stream
the radius of the resulting sphere.
= 18 - s
Ans :
Speed of boat down stream,
Given that,
= speed of boat in still water + speed of water
r1 = 6 cm , r2 = 8 cm and r3 = 10 cm
According to question, = 18 + s
Volume of the resulting sphere

Time taken for upstream denotes the 8 m tall building. Angle of depressions of
top and bottom are given 30c and 45c respectively.
= Time taken to cover downstream + 1
As per given in question we have drawn figure below
Dis tan ce upstream
= Dis tan ce downstream + 1
Speed upstream Speed downstream
24 = 24 + 1
18 - s 18 + s
24 ^18 + s h = 24 ^18 - s h + ^18 - s h^18 + s h

s2 + 48s - 324 = 0
s2 + 54s - 6s - 324 = 0
s ^s + 54h - 6 ^s + 54h = 0
^s - 6h^s + 54h = 0
s = 6 , - 54
Since speed of stream cannot be negative, s = 6
Thus, s = 6 km/hr
We have, +PBD = 30c and +PAC = 45c
or
Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of Let PD = h and AC = BD = x
whose squares is 290.
Now, in right TBPD ,
Ans :
Let x be the first integer, then second integer will be tan 30c = PD
BD
^x + 2h .
1 =h
Since sum of squares of both numbers is 290, 3 x
x 2 + ^x + 2h2 = 290 x = 3h ...(1)
x 2 + x 2 + 4 + 4x = 290
In right TDAC , tan 45c = PC
2 AC
2x + 4x - 286 = 0
x 2 + 2x - 143 = 0 1 = h+8
x
x 2 + 13x - 11x - 143 = 0
x = h+8 ...(2)
x ^x + 13h - 11 ^x + 13h = 0 Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get
^x + 13h^x - 11h = 0 3h = h+8
x = 11, 13 3h-h = 8
Since x is a positive odd integer, we take x = 11. h ^ 3 - 1h = 8
First odd integer = 11 8 8 ^ 3 + 1h
h = =
Second consecutive integer = 11 + 2 = 13 ^ 3 - 1h ^ 3 - 1h^ 3 + 1h
8 ^ 3 + 1h
34. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of = = 8 ^ 3 + 1h
^3 - 1h 2
a 8 m tall building from the top of a multi storied
building are 30c and 45c, respectively. Find the height = 4 ^ 3 + 1h
of the multi storied building and the distance between
Now, total height of multi storied building
the two buildings.
Ans : h + 8 = 4 ^ 3 + 1h + 8
Let PC denote the multi storied building and AB = 4 3 +4+8
= 4 ^ 3 + 3h m AC = 87 3
and distance between two buildings
Now, distance travelled by the balloon
x = 3h= 3 # 4 ^ 3 + 1h
GC = AC - AG
= 4 3 ^ 3 + 1h
= 87 3 - 29 3
= ^12 + 4 3 h m
= 3 ^87 - 29h
or
A 1.2 m tall girl spots a balloon moving with the Thus GC = 58 3 m
wind in a horizontal line at a height 88.2 m from the
35. The p th , q th and r th terms of an AP are a , b and c
ground. The angle of elevation of the balloon from the
respectively.
eyes of the girl at any instant is 60c.After sometime,
Show that a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h = 0
the angle of elevation reduces 30c.Find the distance
travelled by the balloon during the interval. Ans :
Let the first term be A and the common difference
be D .
a = A + ^p - 1h D
b = A + ^q - 1h D
c = A + ^r - 1h D
Now a ^q - r h = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @
b ^r - p h = 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@
and c 6p - q @ = 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@
Ans :
a ^q - r h + b ^r - p h + c ^p - q h
Let E be the initial position of the balloon and F be
final position be F . = 8A + ^p - 1h DB6q - r @ +
Height of balloon above the girl height + 8A + ^q - 1h DB6r - p@ +
= 88.2 - 1.2 = 87 m + 8A + ^r - 1h DB6p - q@ +
= A 6p - q + q - p + q - r @ +
+ D (p - 1) (q - r) +
+ D (q - 1) (r - p) +
+ D (r - 1) (p - q)
= A 60@ +
In right triangle TEAG , + D [p ^q - r h - (q - r)]
tan 60c = EG + D [q (r - p) - ^r - p h]
AG
+ D [r ^p - q h - ^p - q h]
AG = 87 = 87 # 3 = 29 3
3 3 3 = D [p (q - r) + q (r - p) + r (p - q)] +
In right triangle TFAC , - D [(q - r) + (r - p) + (p - q)]
tan 30c = FC = D [pq - pr + qr - qp + rp - rq] + 0
AC
= D [0] = 0
1 = 87
ÊC = FC h
3 AC

36. A survey regarding the heights in (cm) of 51 girls of

class X of a school was conducted and the following = 145 + ' 25.5 - 11 1 # 5
data was obtained. Find the median height and the 18
mean using the formulae.
= 145 + 72.5
18
Height (in cm) Number of Girls
Less than 140 4 = 145 + 4.03 = 149.03
Less than 145 11 For Mean we prepare following table.
Less than 150 29
Height (in cm) fi xi f ix i
Less than 155 40
Below 140 4 137.5 550
Less than 160 46
140-145 7 142.5 997.5
Less than 165 51
145-150 18 147.5 2655
Ans :
150-155 11 152.5 1617.5
To calculate the median height, we need to convert
155-160 6 157.5 945
the given data in the form of intervals and their
corresponding frequencies. 160-165 5 162.5 812.5
Given distribution is of less type and 140, 145, 150, N= / fi xi
165 gives the upper limits of the corresponding class / f i = 51 = 7637.5
interval So, the classes should be below 140, 140-145,
145-150, 160-165.
Now, Mean =
/ f i xi
Now, the frequency of class interval below 140 is 4, N
since then are 4 boys with height less than 140. For
the frequency of class interval 140-145 subtract the = 7637.5 = 149.75
51
number of boys having height less than 140 from the
number of boys having height less than 145.
Thus, the frequency of class interval 140-145 is ***********
11 - 4 = 7 Similarly, we can calculate the frequencies
of other class intervals and get the following table
Class interval Frequency Cumulative

Frequency
Below 140 4 4
140-145 11 - 4 = 7 11
145-150 29 - 11 = 18 29
150-155 40 - 29 = 11 40
155-160 46 - 40 = 6 46
160-165 51 - 46 = 5 51
Here, N = 51
N = 51 = 25.5
2 2
Since, the cumulative frequency just greater than 25.5
is 29 and the corresponding class is 145-150. Thus
145-150 is median class,
Now, l = 145 , f = 18 , F = 11 and h = 5
N
-F
Md = l + d
f n
2
Median, h
Page 496 Standard 2021 Sample Paper
Class- X Session - 2020-21

Subject- Mathematics -Standard
Sample Question Paper
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions :
1. This question paper contains two parts A and B.
2. Both Part A and Part B have internal choices.
Part – A:
1. It consists three sections- I and II.
2. Section I has 16 questions of 1 mark each. Internal choice is provided in 5 questions.
3. Section II has 4 questions on case study. Each case study has 5 case-based sub-parts. An examinee is to attempt
any 4 out of 5 sub-parts.
Part – B:
1. Question No 21 to 26 are Very short answer Type questions of 2 mark each,
2. Question No 27 to 33 are Short Answer Type questions of 3 marks each
3. Question No 34 to 36 are Long Answer Type questions of 5 marks each.
4. Internal choice is provided in 2 questions of 2 marks, 2 questions of 3 marks and 1 question of 5 marks.
Since in denominator power of 10 is 4. Decimal

Section - A representation of a will terminate after 4 decimal places.
1. If xy = 180 and HCF ^x, y h = 3 , then find the LCM 2. If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
^x, y h . 3x2 - kx + 6 is 3, then find the value of k .
Ans : Ans :
Let a and b be the roots of the equation 3x2 - kx + 6
We have, HCF (x, y) = 3
Now a+b = 3
Now, we know that
HCF (x, y) # LCM (x, y) = xy and a + b =- coefficient of x2
coefficient of x
xy
LCM (x, y) = = 180 = 60 (- k)
HCF (x, y) 3 3 =- & k =9
3
or
The decimal representation of 14587 will terminate 3. For what value of k , the pair of linear equations
21 # 5 4 3x + y = 3 and 6x + ky = 8 does not have a solution.
after how many decimal places? Ans :
Ans :
For equations, a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
Let, a = 145874 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
2#5
3 System will not have a solution, if
= 14587
4
#2
4 a1 = b1 ! c1
2 #5
a2 b2 c2
= 14587 #48 So, for the equations 3x + y = 3 or 3x + y - 3 = 0
(2 # 5)
and 6x + ky = 8 or 6x + ky - 8 = 0 , the system has
= 116696 no solution, when
10 4
3 = 1 ! -3 & k =2
6 k -8

Standard 2021 Sample Paper Page 497
4. If 3 chairs and 1 table costs Rs. 1500 and 6 chairs and 7. Find the roots of the equation x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
1 table costs Rs. 2400m, form linear equations to Ans :
represent this situation.
Ans : We have, x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
Let the cost of one chair be x and of one x2 + 5x + 2x + 10 = 0
table be y.
x (x + 5) + 2 (x + 5) = 0
Now 3x + y = 1500
(x + 5) (x + 2) = 0
and 6x + y = 2400
x =- 5 - 2
5. Which term of the AP 27, 24, 21,…..is zero? So, roots of given equation are - 5 and - 2 .
Ans : or
We have, AP : 27, 24, 21, .......... For what value(s) of a quadratic equation
30ax2 - 6x + 1 = 0 has no real roots?
a = 27 , d = 24 - 27 = - 3
Ans :
th
Let n term of the AP is zero.
i.e an = 0 We have, 30ax2 - 6x + 1 = 0
a + (n - 1) d = 0 [an = a + (n - 1) d ] For no real roots, D <0
27 + (n - 1) (- 3) = 0 b2 - 4ac < 0
27 - 3n + 3 = 0 (- 6) 2 - 4 (30a) (1) < 0
3n = 30 & n = 10 36 - 120a < 0
Thus 10 th term of the given AP is zero. 36 < 120a

or
a > 36
In an Arithmetic Progression, if d =- 4 , n = 7 , 120
a n = 4, then find a .
Ans : a > 3
10
We have, d =- 4 , n = 7 , an = 4
8. If PQ = 28 cm , then find the perimeter of TPLM .
Now an = a + (n - 1) d
4 = a + (7 - 1) (- 4)
4 = a - 24 & a = 28
6. For what values of k , the equation 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0

has equal roots?
Ans :
We have, 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0

For equal roots, D = 0 ,
Ans :
b2 - 4ac = 0
Since tangents drawn from external points are of
(6k) 2 - 4 (a) (4) = 0 equal length,
36k2 - 144 = 0 PQ = PT ...(1)
36k2 = 144 Perimeter of TPLM = PL + LM + PM
k2 = 4 = PL + LN + MN + PM
k =! 2 = PL + LQ + MT + PM
[LM = LQ and MN = MT ] Since tangent is perpendicular to the radius at point

of contact,
= PQ + PT = 2PQ [from (1)]
+P = 90c
= 2 # 28 = 56 cm [PQ = 28 cm]
Now, in TOPQ
9. If two tangents inclined at 60c are drawn to a circle of +P + +Q + +O = 180c [Angle sum properly]
radius 3 cm, then find length of each tangent.
90c + 2+Q = 180c
Ans :
Let TP and TQ are two tangents to the circle with 2+Q = 90c
centre O as shown below. +Q = 45c
Since radius is always perpendicular to the tangent at
point of contact, Thus +OQP = 45c
+OAT = 90c 10. In the TABC , D and E are points on side AB and
AC respectively such that DE | | BC . If AE = 2 cm ,
AD = 3 cm and BD = 4.5 cm , then find CE .
Ans :
In TABC , D and E are points on sides AB and AC
such that AB z AC . We have drawn the figure as
shown below.
Since OT bisects +ATB ,
+OTA = 1 +ATB = 1 # 60c = 30c

2 2
Now, in TOAT
tan 30c = OA
TA
By BPT , in TABC we get
1 = 3
3 TA AD = AE
DB EC
TA = 3 3 cm
Substituting AD = 3 cm, BD = 4.5 cm and AE = 2 cm
or
PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre O at point P. 3 = 2
If TOPQ is an isosceles triangle, then find +OQP . 4.5 CE
Ans :
CE = 2 # 4.5
3
Given PQ is a tangent to a circle with centre O at P
and TOPQ is isosceles. CE = 3 cm
PQ = PQ
11. In the figure, if B1, B2, B3,…... and A1,A2, A3,…..
+Q = +O have been marked at equal distances. In what ratio C
We draw the figure as given below. divides AB ?

Ans : 60c # 2 # 227 # 21

Length of arc = q2pr =
There are 8 points on AX and 5 points on BY at 360c 360c
equal distance.
= 22 cm
AC : BC
Hence length of the arc is 22 cm.
Number of points on AX : Number of points on BY
15. 12 solid spheres of the same radii are made by melting
8:5
a solid metallic cylinder of base diameter 2 cm and
12. sin A + cos B = 1, AB = 30c and B is an acute angle, height 16 cm. Find the diameter of the each sphere.
then find the value of B . Ans :
Ans : Given, diameter and height of cylinder are d = 2 cm
and h = 16 cm .
We have, sin A + cos B = 1
Radius of cylinder, r = 1 d = 1 # 2 = 1 cm
sin 30c + cos B = 1 [A = 30c] 2 2
1 Let radius of each sphere be rs .
1 + cos B = 1 :sin 30c = 2 D
2 Now, according to the question
Volume of cylinder = 12 # volume of sphere
cos B = 1 - 1
2
pr2 h = 12 # 4 pr s3
cos B = 1 3
2
1 p # (1) 2 # 16 = 16 # 4 # pr s3
cos B = cos 60c :cos 60c = 2 D 3
B = 60c r s3 = 1
13. If x = 2 sin2 q and y = 2 cos2 q + 1, then find x + y . rs = 1 cm

Ans : Diameter of the sphere = 2rs = 2 # 1 = 2 cm
We have, x = 2 sin2 q , y = 2 cos2 q + 1 16. Find the probability of getting a doublet in a throw
2 2 of a pair of dice.
x + y = 2 sin q + 2 cos q + 1
Ans :
= 2 (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 1
There are total 62 = 36 possible outcomes. Thus
= 2#1+1 = 3 [sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
n (S) = 36
14. In a circle of diameter 42 cm,if an arc subtends an Favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (2, 2 ), (3, 3), (4, 4),
angle of 60c at the centre where p = 227 , then what (5, 5) and (6, 6).
will be the length of arc.
Ans : Number of favourable outcomes,
As per information given , we have drawn the figure n (E) = 6

as shown below. P (getting doublet),
n (E)
P (E) = = 6 =1
n (S) 36 6
or
Find the probability of getting a black queen when a
card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of
52 cards.
Ans :
Diameter of circle = 42 cm Total outcomes, n (S) = 52
Radius, r = 1 # 42 = 21 cm Black queen card, n Ê h = 2

2
n Ê h (c) b 2 , 2 l
15 33
(d) b 2 , 2 l
1 3
P (red face card), P Ê h = = 2 = 1
n ^S h 52 26
Ans :
Section - II Mid-point of line joining J (6, 17) and I (9, 16)

15 33
= b 6 + 9 , 16 + 17 l = b 2 , 2 l
17. Case Study Based-1 2 2
SUN ROOM Thus (c) is correct option.
The diagrams show the plans for a sun room. It will (ii) Refer to Top View. The distance of the point P
be built onto the wall of a house. The four walls of from the y -axis is
the sun room are square clear glass panels. The roof (a) 4 (b) 15
is made using
• Four clear glass panels, trapezium in shape, all (c) 19 (d) 25
the same size Ans :
• One tinted glass panel, half a regular octagon in
Distance of point P from y -axis will be equal to the
shape
length of perpendicular drawn from P on y -axis.
Required distance = 4 unit
(iii) Refer to Front View. The distance between the
points A and S is
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 20
Ans :
From figure, it is clear that the coordinates of A and
S are (1, 8) and (17, 8) respectively.
The distance between A and S ,
d = (17 - 1) 2 + (8 - 8) 2
= 162 + 02 = 16
(iv) Refer to Front View. Find the co-ordinates of the
point which divides the line segment joining the
points A and B in the ratio 1 : 3 internally.
(a) (8.5, 2.0) (b) (2.0, 9.5)
(c) (3.0, 7.5) (d) (2.0, 8.5)
Ans :
From figure, we have A (1, 8) and B (5, 10)
Let T be the point, which divides the line joining A

and B in the ratio 1 : 3
By internal section formula, we have
T = c 1 # 5 + 3 # 1, 1 # 10 + 3 # 8 m
1+3 1+3
(i) Refer to Top View. Find the mid-point of the seg-
ment joining the points J ^6, 17h and I ^9, 16h . 5 + 3 10 + 24
=b 4 , 4 l
(a) b 2 , 2 l (b) b 2 , 2 l
33 15 3 1
8 34
= b 4 , 4 l = (2, 8.5)


(v) Refer to Front View. If a point ^x, y h is equidis-
tant from the Q ^9, 8h and S ^17, 8h ,then
(a) ^x + y h = 13 (b) x - 13 = 0
(c) y - 13 = 0 (d) x - y = 13
Ans :
Let V be the point (x, y).
Now, VQ = VS
VQ2 = VS 2
(x - 9) 2 + (y - 8) 2 = (x - 17) 2 + (y - 8) 2
x2 - 18x + 81 + y2 - 16y + 64
Figure: Rotation or Turn
= x2 - 34x + 289 + y2 - 16y + 64
34x - 18x = 289 - 81
16x = 208
x = 13 & x - 13 = 0
18. Case Study Based- 2

SCALE FACTOR AND SIMILARITY
SCALE FACTOR : A scale drawing of an object is
the same shape as the object but a different size. The
Figure: Reflection or Flip
scale of a drawing is a comparison of the length used
on a drawing to the length it represents. The scale is
written as a ratio.
SIMILAR FIGURES : The ratio of two corresponding
sides in similar figures is called the scale factor.
length in image
Scale factor =
corresponding length in object
If one shape can become another using Resizing then
the shapes are similar.
Figure: Translation or Slide
Hence, two shapes are Similar when one can become

the other after a resize, flip, slide or turn.
(i) A model of a boat is made on the scale of 1 : 4.
The model is 120 cm long. The full size of the
boat has a width of 60 cm. What is the width of
the scale model?
Figure: Similar Shape
We know, for any two similar triangles ratio of sides

= radio of altitude = ratio of median = ratio of
perimeter = scale factor
Correct option is their altitude have a ratio a : b .
(iv) The shadow of a stick 5 m long is 2 m. At the
same time the shadow of a tree 12.5 m high is
(a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm
(a) 3 m (b) 3.5 m
(c) 15 cm (d) 240 cm
(c) 4.5 m (d) 5 m
Ans :
Ans :
Given, Scale factor = 1
4
Now, given the width of the full size = 60 cm
Width of the scale model = 1 # 60 = 15 cm

4
(ii) What will effect the similarity of any two poly-

gons? Let AB be tree and DE be stick.
(a) They are flipped horizontally Since TABC is similar to TDEF
(b) They are dilated by a scale factor AB = DE
(c) They are translated down BC EF
(d) They are not the mirror image of one another 12.5 = 5
BC 2
Ans :
The effect of the similarity of any two polygons is that BC = 12.5 # 2 = 5 m
5
they are not the mirror image of one another.
Thus (d) is correct option. Thus (d) is correct option.
(v) Below you see a student’s mathematical model
(iii) If two similar triangles have a scale factor of a : b. of a farmhouse roof with measurements. The at-
Which statement regarding the two triangles is tic floor, ABCD in the model, is a square. The
true? beams that support the roof are the edges of a
(a) The ratio of their perimeters is 3a : b rectangular prism, EFGHKLMN . E is the mid-
dle of AT , F is the middle of BT , G is the mid-
(b) Their altitudes have a ratio a : b dle ofCT , and H is the middle of DT . All the
(c) Their medians have a ratio a : b edges of the pyramid in the model have length of
2 12 m
(d) Their angle bisectors have a ratio a2 : b2
Ans :

19. Case Study Based- 3

Applications of Parabolas-Highway Overpasses/
Underpasses
A highway underpass is parabolic in shape.
Parabola
A parabola is the graph that results from
p ^x h = ax2 + bx + c Parabolas are symmetric about a
vertical line known as the Axis of Symmetry. The Axis
What is the length of EF , where EF is one of the of Symmetry runs through the maximum or minimum
horizontal edges of the block? point of the parabola which is called the
(a) 24 m (b) 3 m Vertex
(c) 6 m (d) 10 m
Ans :
We have, TTEF similar with TTAB

EF = TE
AB TA
1
EF = 2 TA [E is mid-point of TA]
AB TA
EF = 1 AB = 1 # 12 = 6 m
2 2
(iv) The representation of Highway Underpass whose

one zero is 6 and sum of the zeroes is 0, is
(a) x2 - 6 + 2 (b) x2 - 36
(c) x2 - 6 (d) x2 - 3
Ans :
Let a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial. Then,
we have
a = 6 and a + b = 0
b =- 6
Now, ab = (6) (- 6) = - 36
Polynomial is x2 - (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
(i) If the highway overpass is represented by
x2 - 2x - 8 . Then its zeroes are p (x) = x2 - (0) x + (- 36) = x2 - 36
(a) ^2, - 4h (b) ^4, - 2h Hence, representation of highway underpass is x2 - 36
(c) ^- 2, - 2h (d) ^- 4, - 4h .
Ans : (v) The number of zeroes that polynomial
f ^x h = ^x - 2h2 + 4 can have is:
Let, P (x) = x2 - 2x - 8
(a) 1 (b) 2
= x2 - 4x + 2x - 8 (c) 0 (d) 3
= x (x - 4) + 2 (x - 4) Ans :
So for = (x - 4) (x + 2) We have, f (n) = (x - 2) 2 + 2
Zeros of P (n) are x - 4 = 0 and x + 2 = 0
= x2 - 4x + 4 + 2 = x2 - 4x + 6
x = 4, - 2 Now, discriminant,
(ii) The highway overpass is represented graphically. D = b2 - 4ac
Zeroes of a polynomial can be expressed graphi- = (- 4) 2 - 4 # 1 # 6 = 16 - 24 =- 8
cally. Number of zeroes of polynomial is equal to
number of points where the graph of polynomial Since, D < 0,
(a) Intersects x -axis So number of zeroes of polynomial f (n) is zero.
(b) Intersects y -axis Thus (c) is correct option.
(c) Intersects y -axis or x -axis 20. Case Study Based- 4
(d) None of the above 100m RACE
Ans : A stopwatch was used to find the time that it took a
group of students to run 100 m.
Number of zeroes of any polynomial is equal to the
number of points where the graph of the polynomial
intersect x -axis.
(iii) Graph of a quadratic polynomial is a
(a) straight line (b) circle
(c) parabola (d) ellipse
Ans :
Any quadratic polynomial is of the form ax2 + bx + c .
So its graph is of parabola shape

Time (in sec) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 N = / f i = 40
No. of 8 10 13 6 3 N = 40 = 20 ,
2 2
students
which lies in cummulative frequency 31. So, median
Ans :
class is 40-60. Sum of lower limits of median class and
modal class = 40 + 40 = 80 .
Time Number of Mid- f i xi Cummulative Thus (c) is correct option.
(in sec) students value frequency cf (v) How many students finished the race within 1
(f i) xi minute?
0-20 8 10 80 8 (a) 18 (b) 37
20-40 10 30 300 18 (c) 31 (d) 8
40-60 13 50 650 31 Ans :
60-80 6 70 420 37 The number of students finished the race within 1 min
80-100 3 90 270 40 (i.e. 60 sec)
Total / f = 40
i /f x i i = cummulative frequency of class 40-60
= 1720
= 31
(i) Estimate the mean time taken by a student to Thus (c) is correct option.
finish the race.
(a) 54 (b) 63
(c) 43 (d) 50
Part - B
Ans : 21. 3 bells ring at an interval of 4,7 and 14 minutes. All
three bell rang at 6 am, when the three balls will the
Mean =
/ f i xi = 1720 = 43 ring together next?
/ fi 40
Ans :
Mean time taken by a student to finish the race is 43
Given, 3 bells ring at an interval of 4, 7 and 14 minutes.
sec.
Thus (c) is correct option. Now, 4 = 22
(ii) What will be the upper limit of the modal class ?
7 =7
(a) 20 (b) 40
(c) 60 (d) 80 14 = 2 # 7
Ans : LCM (4, 7, 14) = 22 # 7 = 28
Since 40-60 has highest frequency i.e. 13 upper limit Hence, the three bells will ring together again at
of modal class is 60. 6 : 28 am .
(iii) The construction of cummulative frequency table 22. Find the point on -axis which is equidistant from the
is useful in determining the points ^2, - 2h and ^- 4, 2h
(a) Mean (b) Median Ans :
(c) Mode (d) All of the above Let P (x, 0) is the equidistant point on x -axis from
points A ^2, - 2h and B ^- 4, 2h
Ans :
Now, according to the question
The construction of cummulative frequency table is
useful in determining the median. PA = PB
Thus (b) is correct option. PA2 = PB2
(iv) The sum of lower limits of median class and modal
class is (x - 2) 2 + (0 + 2) 2 = (x + 4) 2 + (0 - 2) 2
(a) 60 (b) 100 x2 - 4x + 4 + 4 = x2 + 8x + 16 + 4
(c) 80 (d) 140 - 4x + 4 = 8x + 16
Ans :
- 12x = 12 & x =- 1 respectively.

Required point is P (- 1, 0). We have to construct two tangents to each circle from
or the centre of the other circle.
P ^- 2, 5h and Q ^3, 2h are two points. Find the co-
ordinates of the point R on PQ such that PR = 2QR
Ans :
We have, PR = 2QR
PR = 2
QR
PR : QR = 2 : 1
Now, by using section formula, we have Steps of Construction :

2 # 3 + 1 # (- 2) 2 # 2 + 1 # 5 (i) Draw a line segment AB = 9 cm .
R =c 2+1
,
2+1
m (ii) Draw a circle with centre A and radius 5 cm and
another circle with centre B and radius 3 cm .
6-2 4+5 4
= b 3 , 3 l = b 3 , 3l
(iii) Now, bisect AB . Let O be the mid-point of AB .
(iv) Take O as centre and AO as radius and draw a
dotted circle which intersects the two given circles
23. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are at N, Q, M and P .
5 - 3 2 and 5 + 3 2 . (v) Join AN , AQ, BM and BP . These are the re-
Ans : quired tangents to each circle from the centre of
the other circle.
Let a and b are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
such that 25. If tan A = 3 , find the value of 1 + 1
4 sin A cos A
a = 5-3 2 Ans :
and b = 5+3 2 As per question statement we make the diagram as

follows.
Sum of zeroes,
a + b = 5 - 3 2 + 5 + 3 2 = 10
and product of zeroes,
ab = (5 - 3 2 ) (5 + 3 2 )
= (5) 2 - (3 2 ) 2
= 25 - 18 = 7
Required polynomial is Given, tan A = 3
4
p (x) = x2 - (a + b) x + ab
BC = 3
= x2 - 10x + 7 AB 4
24. Draw a line segment AB of length 9 cm. With A and BC = 3k

B as centres, draw circles of radius 5 cm and 3 cm
and AB = 4k
respectively. Construct tangents to each circle from
the centre of the other circle. In TABC , we have
Ans : AC 2 = AB2 + BC 2
Given, a line segment AB = 9 cm , two circles = (4k) 2 + (3k) 2 = 16k2 + 9k2
with centres A and B of radii 5 cm and 3 cm,

= 25k2 It is given that +A = 90c. Also OP = OS . Therefore,

OPAS is a square.
Thus AC = 5k
Now, sin A = BC = 3k = 3
AC 5k 5
and cos A = AB = 4k = 4
AC 5k 5
1 + 1 =1+1
sin A cos A 3
5
4
5
= 5 + 5 = 20 + 15 = 35
3 4 12 12
or
If 3 sin q - cos q and 0c 1 q 1 90c, find the value
of q
Ans : Since tangents from an exterior point to a circle are
equal in length.
We have, 3 sin q - cos q = 0
CR = CQ
3 sin q = cos q
BQ = BP
sin q
sin q = 1 :tan q = cos q D
cos q 3 Now, CQ = CR
1 CQ = 27 cm
tan q = 1 ;tan 30c = E
3 3
BC - BQ = CQ
q = 30c BQ = BC - CQ = 38 - 27 = 11 cm
26. In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribing a Since OP as is a square,
circle with centre O and AD = AB . If radius of in AP = OS = 10 cm
circle is 10 cm, then find the value of x .
x = AB = AP + BP
= 10 + 11 = 21 cm
27. Prove that 2 - 3 is irrational, given that 3 is

irrational.
Ans :
Assume that 2 - 3 is a rational number. Therefore,
we can write it in the form of qp where p and q are
co-prime integers and q ! 0 .
p
Now 2- 3 =
q
where q ! 0 and p and q are integers.
Rewriting the above expression as,
Ans : p
2- = 3
q
We connect the point P to O and redraw the diagram
as follows. 2q - p
3
Since tangents to a circle is perpendicular to the q
radius through the point. Here 2q2-q p is rational because p and q are co-prime
+OSA = +OPA = 90c integers, thus 3 should be a rational number. But
3 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact
that 3 is irrational. Hence 2 - 3 is an irrational k-1 = 2 & k = 3

number.
29. In the figure, ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. Semi-
28. If one root of the quadratic equation 3x2 + px + 4 = 0 circles are drawn with each side of square as diameter.
is 23 , then find the value of p and the other root of Find the area of the shaded region.
the equation.
Ans :
Given, quadratic equation is 3x2 + px + 4 = 0 .
Since 2 is one root of the given quadratic equation,
3
2 2 2
3b 3 l + pb 3 l + 4 = 0
4 + 2p + 4 = 0
3 3
4 + 2p + 12 Ans :
=0
3
2p + 16 = 0
p =- 8
Substituting p =- 8 in given equation, we get
3x2 - 8x + 4 = 0
3x2 - 6x - 2x + 4 = 0
3x (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2) = 0
(x - 2) (3x - 2) = 0 & x = 2, 2 If we subtract area of two semicircle AOD and COB

3
Hence, other root is 2. , from square ABCD we will get area of part 1 and
or part 2.
The roots a and b of the quadratic equation Area of square = 14 # 14 = 196 cm2
x2 - 5x + 3 ^k - 1h = 0 are such that a - b = 1. Find
the value k . Radius of semicircle = 14 = 7 cm
2
Ans :
Area of semicircle AOB + DOC
It is given that a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic
equation, = 22 # 72 = 154 cm2
2
7
x - 5x + 3 (k - 1) = 0
So, area of each of two shaded part
Sum of roots, a + b =- coefficient of x2 196 - 154 = 42 cm2
coefficient of x
Hence, area of four shaded parts is 84 cm2.
(- 5)
=- =5
1 30. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and
15 cm respectively. If one side of the first triangle is
and product of roots,
9 cm, find the length of the corresponding side of the
3 (k - 1) second triangle.
ab = constant term2 = = 3 (k - 1)
coefficient of x 1 Ans :
Now (a - b) 2 = (a - b) 2 - 4ab Let the two similar triangles are TABC and TPQR .
(1) 2 = (5) 2 - 4 [3 (k - 1)] [a - b = 1] We have, TABC + TPQR
1 = 25 - 12 (k - 1) AB = BC = AC
PQ QR PR
12 (k - 1) = 24

Ans :
= Perimeter of TABC
Perimeter of TPQR
Cumulative frequency table is given as follow
AB = Perimeter of TABC
PQ Perimeter of TPQR Class Frequency Cumulative
Frequency
9 = 25
PQ 15 0-5 12 12
5-10 a 12 + a
PQ = 9 # 15 = 27 = 5.4 cm
25 5 10-15 12 24 + a
or
15-20 15 39 + a
In an equilateral triangle ABC , D is a point on side
BC such that BD = 13 BC . Prove that 9 AD 2 = 7 AB 2 20-25 b 39 + a + b
Ans : 25-30 6 45 + a + b
As per given condition we have shown the figure 30-35 6 51 + a + b
below. Here we have drawn AP = BC . 35-40 4 55 + a + b
/ f i = 70
We have, / fi = 70
55 + a + b = 70
a + b = 15 ...(1)
Now Median = 16
So median class will be 15-20 as 16 lies in 15-20
We have l = 15 , F = 24 + a , f = 15 , N = 70 , h = 5
N
-F
Median = l + d
f n#
2
h
Here AB = BC = CA and BD = 1 BC. 16 = 15 +

35 - (24 + a)
#5
3 15
In TADP,
1 = 35 - 24 - a
3
AD2 = AP2 + DP2
= AP2 + ^BP - BD h2 3 = 11 - a & a = 8
Substituting a = 8 in equation (1), we get
= AP2 + BP2 + BD2 + 2BP $ BD
b = 15 - a = 15 - 8 = 7
From TAPB using AP2 + BP2 = AB2 we have
32. If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from
AD2 = AB2 + b 1 BC l - 2 b BC lb BC l
2
3 2 3 two coins distant a cm and b cm â 2 b h from its

base and in the same straight line from it are 30c and
2 2
= AB2 + AB - AB = 7 AB2 60c, then find the height of the candle.
9 3 9
9AD2 = 7AB2 Hence Proved
31. The median of the following data is 16. Find the

missing frequencies a and b , if the total of the
frequencies is 70.
Class 0- 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35-

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Frequency 12 ‘a’ 12 15 b 6 6 4
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If the angles of elevation of the top of the candle from and h = 10

two coins distant ‘a’ cm and ‘b’ cm â 2 b h from its
f1 - f 0
base and in the same straight line from it are 30c and Mode = l + d 2f - f - f n # h
1 0 2
60c, then find the height of the candle.
Ans : 15 - x
67 = 60 + b 2 # 15 - x - 12 l # 10
Let AB be the candle of height h . Let C and D be
two points at distance b cm and a cm from the base 15 - x
7 = 10
of the candle. As per given condition we have shown 30 - x - 12 #
the figure below.
7 (18 - x) = 10 (15 - x)
126 - 7x = 150 - 10x
10x - 7x = 150 - 126
3x = 24 & x = 8
Hence, missing frequency is 8.
34. The two palm trees are of equal heights and are
standing opposite each other on either side of the
river, which is 80 m wide. From a point O between
them on the river the angles of elevation of the top
of the trees are 60c and 30c, respectively. Find the
Now BC = b and BD = a
height of the trees and the distances of the point O
from the trees.
In TABC , tan 60c = AB
BC Ans :
3 =h Let AB and CD be two palm trees, each of height h

b meters. Let the distance between palm tree AB and
point O be x . As per given in question we have drawn
h = 3b ...(1)
figure below.
BD
1 =h
3 a
h = a ...(2)
3
From equation (1) and (2), we have
h2 = 3b# a
3
h2 = ab & h = ab
Here distance between palm tree CD and O is 80 - x .
Hence, height of candle is ab cm.
In right angle triangle TABO , +AOB = 30c
33. The mode of the following data is 67. Find the missing
frequency x . tan 30c = h
x
Class 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
h = x ...(1)
Frequency 5 x 15 12 7 3
Ans : In angle triangle TCDO ,
Given, mode of the given data is 67. Since 67 lies in tan 60c = CD = CD
interval 60-70, so 60-70 is modal class. CO CB - OB
So, l = 60 , f 1 = 15 , f 0 = x , f 2 = 12 3 = h
80 - x

In TAEC , tan 30c = CE

h = 80 3 - x 3 ...(2) AE
Comparing (1) and (2) we have 1 = h - 50

3 x
x = 80 3 - x 3
3 x = 3 (h - 50) ...(1)
x = 80 # 3 - x # 3 In TBDC , tan 60c = CD

BD
4x = 240
3 =h
x
x = 240 = 60 m
4
x = h ...(2)
Substituting this value of x in (1) we have 3
From equation (1) and equation (2), we have
h = 60 = 20 3 = 34.64 m
3
3 (h - 50) = h
Hence, height of the palm trees is 34.64 m 3
Distance of point O from tree AB is 20 m. 3 (h - 50) = h

Distance of point O from tree CD is 60 m. 3h - 150 = h
or
The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 2h = 150 & h = 75
building 50 meters high as observed from the top of Substituting h = 75 in equation (2), we get
a tower are 30c and 60c respectively. Find the height
of the tower, and also the horizontal distance between x = h = 75 = 25 3
3 3
the building and the tower.
Ans : = 25 # 1.73 = 43.2 m
Let AB be the building of height 50 m and CD be Hence, height of the tower is 75 m and distance
tower of height h. Angle of depressions of top and between the building and the tower is 43.2 m.
bottom are given 30c and 60c respectively. As per 35. Water is flowing through a cylindrical pipe of internal
given in question we have drawn figure below. diameter 2 cm, into a cylindrical tank of base radius
40 cm at the rate of 0.7 m/sec. By how much will the
water rise in the tank in half an hour?
Ans :
Given, radius of cylindrical pipe,
r = 1 # 2 = 1 cm
2
Length of water flowing in 1 sec,
h = 0.7 m = 70 cm
Radius of cylindrical tank,
R = 40 cm
Let H be rise in water level.
Let, AE = BD = x Volume of water flowing in 1 sec,
Now, DE = AB = 50 m = pr2 h = p (1) 2 (70) = 70 p cm3
Volume of water flowing in 60 sec or 1 min.
CE = CD - DE = (h - 50) m
Again, we have = 70 p # 60 = 4200 p cm3
Volume of water flowing in half hour or 30 min.
+CAE = 30c and +CBD = 60c
= 4200 p # 30
= 126000 p cm3
Solving equation (7) and equation (8), we get
Volume of water in tank,
x = 8, y = 4
= pR2 H
Hence, speed of the boat in still water = 8 km/hr and
= p (40) 2 H = 1600pH cm3 speed of the stream = 4 km/hr .
Now, according to the question
1600 pH = 126000 p ***********
H = 126000 p = 78.75 cm Download unsolved version of this paper from

1600 p
www.cbse.online
36. A motorboat covers a distance of 16 km upstream
and 24 km downstream in 6 hours. In the same time
it covers a distance of 12 km upstream and 36 km
downstream. Find the speed of the boat in still water
and that of the stream.
Ans :
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr
and the speed of the stream be y km/hr . Then,
Speed in upstream = (x - y) km/hr
Speed in downstream = (x + y) km/hr
Now, according to the question, we have
16 + 24 = 6 ...(1)
x-y x+y
and 12 + 36 = 6 ...(2)
x-y x+y
Substituting 1 = u and 1 = v in equations

x-y x+y
(1) and (2), we have
16u + 24v = 6 ...(3)
and 12u + 36v = 6 ...(4)
Multiplying equation (3) by 3 and equation (4) by 4,
and then subtracting we get
72v = 6 & v = 1
12
Substituting v = 1 in equation (3), we get
12
16u + 2 = 6
16u = 4 & u = 1
4
From u = 1 we have
4
1 = 1 & x-y = 4 ...(7)
x-y 4
From v = 1 we have
12
1 = 1 & x + y = 12 ...(8)
x+y 12

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CHAP 3. Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables 44

CHAP 4. Quadratic Equations 83

CHAP 5. Arithmetic Progression 112

CHAP 6. Triangles 147

CHAP 7. Co-ordinate Geometry 188

CHAP 8. Introduction of Trigonometry 220

CHAP 9. Some Applications of Trigonometry 247

CHAP 10. Circle 295

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Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 5

ONE MARK QUESTIONS So , it will terminate after 3 decimal places.

5. Find the LCM of smallest two digit composite number

We have 11 = 11 HCF(144, 198) = 2 # 32

terminating decimal expansion.

Page 6 Real Numbers Chap 1

= 235# 125 = 28755

Hence, 5 23 2 will terminate after 5 five decimal

Rational number, Hence x = 7 , y = 13

11. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2 x =7

Smallest prime number is 2 and smallest

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Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 7

Clearly 0.30 = 30 = 3 12×LCM (a, b) = 1800

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Page 8 Real Numbers Chap 1

= 48 = 0.0048 terminating decimal expansion.

Ans : [Board 2010] 7 = 7

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

31. Write whether rational number 757 will have = 25 # 3

7 = 7 HCF # LCM = 4 # 9696 = 38784

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Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 9

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] LCM (306, 1314) = 22, 338

37. Explain why (7 # 13 # 11) + 11 and Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]

38. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM

We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18

Page 10 Real Numbers Chap 1

42. Complete the following factor tree and find the

41. Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

Ans : [Board Term-1 2015, 2014]

We complete the given factor tree writing variable y

Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]

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