Self-Learning Module

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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

2nd Sem. Q1: MODULE 1

The Concept and Theories of Governance

Subject Description:

This course introduces the students to the basic concepts and vital elements of politics and governance from
a historical-institutional perspective. In particular, it attempts to explain how the important features of our
country’s political structures/institutions, processes, and relationships developed across time. In the process, the
course helps the learners gain a better appreciation of their rights and responsibilities as individuals and as
members of the larger sociopolitical community to strengthen their civic competence.

Lesson 1: The Concept of Politics and how politics can be studied

A. Module Content
This module covers lesson 1 and 2 which provides learning activities that will help you assess how you
progress as you go through the module.
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
1. articulate definitions of politics HUMSS_PG12Ia-1
2. differentiate the various views on politics HUMSS_PG12Ia-2
3. explore the connection between the phenomenon (politics) and the method of inquiry (Political
Science) HUMSS_PG12Ia-3
4. recognize the value of politics HUMSS_PG12Ia-4
5. differentiate governance from government HUMSS_PG12Ia-5

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B. Introduction

This module introduces the students to the basic concepts and vital elements of politics and governance
from the perspectives of different political scholars. They need to understand the ins and outs of government
and politics in order to become contributing members of society. It is important to show students the way they
can develop their own political viewpoints.

In particular, it tries to explain how the important features of our country’s political structures/institutions,
processes, and relationships developed in the long run.

In the process, the course helps the learners gain a better appreciation of their rights and responsibilities as
individuals and as members of the larger sociopolitical community to strengthen their civic competence.

C. Pretest: This activity will allow you to assess your stored knowledge from the topic that will be discussed
in this lesson.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answer in your activity notebook.
1. It is defined as “who gets what, when, and how” (Harold Lasswell).
a. government c. governance
b. politics d. economics
2. It is the branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political activity
and behavior.
a. Political Science c. Philosophy
b. Social Science d. Economics
3. The Father of Political Science?
a. Socrates b. Aristotle c. Machiavelli d. Plato
4. Politics can be studied through ________, a major social science dealing with political and
governmental structures and processes.
a. Philosophy c. government
b. Political Science d. governance
5. It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is
usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities.
a. government c. governance
b. politics d. Political Science

 Activity 1: Semantic Web Map

Direction: List down some significant word which you think best describes the term “Politics”. Write your
answers in your answer sheet.

POLITICS

Processing Questions:

1. How do you find the activity?

2. Why do you have an inherent inclination toward politics?

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D. Lesson Proper

What is Politics?

“Man is by nature a political animal.”

– Aristotle (Father of Political Science)

The inclination and interest of people toward anything political is based on the fact that individuals are
inherently social. Unlike other species, humans rely on social interactions to survive. Politics is born out of this
social interaction.

Harold Lasswell defined politics as “who gets what, when, and how.”

Politics (from Greek: Polis definition "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions that
apply to members of a group, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance — organized control
over a human community, particularly a state. It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and
resources within a given community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the
interrelationship(s) between communities.

Politics concerns the state. It focuses on the personnel and machinery of the government. It is the
conduct and management of public interest and therefore, political affairs. It attempts to resolve conflict through
discussion, compromise, bargaining, and consensus, wherein people arrive at a binding decision. It involves the
exercise of authority in the production, distribution, and use of resources.

How politics can be studied?

There are various ways by which one can study politics or political science. It is the branch of
knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political activity and behavior. It is a major
social science dealing with political and governmental structures and processes. It is also the study of what is
believed to be universal in politics, such as power, justice, and force.(Harris, 1997)

 Activity 2: Four pics, One word!

You may guess a word that connect the pictures.

1. 2. 3.
https://www.academia.edu/40066509/DLP_Philippine_Politics_and_Government

What I Have Learned?

You have learned that politics is concerned with “who gets what, when and how” as stated by Harold
Lasswell. It is about human relationships and how humans behave differently when dealing with others when
there is cooperation, competition and conflict.

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 It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is
usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities.

Although viewed differently by people, politics generally involves the public issues that give rise to
conflict.

Political Science is a social science concerned chiefly with the description and analysis of political and
governmental institutions and processes.

Studying politics may involve the study of concepts that are universal in politics, such as power, justice
and force; or the study of institutions and processes of politics.

 Activity 3: Politikanta

Directions: Think of a line from a Tagalog song depicting political statement. Explain what is political about
the song lyric you have chosen.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 2: The value of politics and differentiation of governance from government

 Activity 1: The World with Politics

You are going to show how politics is valued in each group or organization. Write your answers in not
less than 2 to 3 sentences.
a. Family
b. Classroom/School
c. Peers (barkadahan)
d. Barangay
e. Workplace

Processing Question: How does politics affect you as a member of society and the world.

What it is?

From the above activity, you have recognized the value of politics and its importance in operating
groups and organizations. Let me further elaborate on how great an influence of politics has on us.

The value of Politics…..

 help you to know your rights.

 It clarifies what you yourself believe.
 Politics is a living, breathing subject.
 Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties.
 Politics prepares you for adult life.

Government is the instrument of the state through which the will of the people is expressed, carried out,
and formulated.

Governance is broadly defined as the action of sovereign authority; specifically, the exercise of
authoritative direction or control, over a particular political unit or organization.

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 Law as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas is “an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by
him who has care of the community…”

People exercise their political authority through the government, which functions as an instrumentality
of the state through law.

Politics and governance are shaped by institutions of a country. According to Johnson (n.d.), institutions
are significant practices needed to “sustain and restrain orderly competition” in the field of politics.

Recognizing the essential link between politics and governance will provide both government officials
and citizens a clear idea of the type of political activity essential for good governance.

 Activity 2: Minute Papers!

Directions: Write your answers briefly (2-3 sentences) to the following questions:
(a) What did you learn today?

(b) What questions do you still have?

 Activity 3: Slogan

Directions: Create a SLOGAN that will establish how good politics can be applied in our daily life.

Rubric for Slogan

Category 10 points 8 points 6 points 2 point

Craftsmanship The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is
exceptionally attractive in terms acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of of neatness. Good attractive though messy.
neatness. Well- construction and it may be a bit
constructed and not not very messy. messy.
messy.
Creativity Slogan is Slogan is creative Slogan is The slogan
exceptionally creative. and a good amount creative and does not reflect
A lot of thought and of thought was put some thought any degree of
effort was used to into decorating it. was put into creativity.
make the banner. decorating it.
Originality Exceptional use of Good use of new Average use of No use of new
new ideas and ideas and new ideas and ideas and
originality to create originality to create originality to originality to
slogan. slogan. create slogan. create slogan.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=N44828&sp=yes&

Post Assessment (True or False)

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write T if the statement is correct, and write F if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers in the activity notebook.

______ 1. Politics is the actual process of how humans interact in groups.

______ 2. Politics does not include the decision-making and decision-enforcing processes in any group that
makes and enforces rules for its members.
______ 3. Political science seeks to study the origin, nature and functions of the State, Government and its all
organs.
______ 4. Politics is universal and is always the same.
______ 5. Governance deals with the way power is exercised in managing the country’s economic and social
resources.

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REFERENCES:

JENNIFER O. PACAMALAN
Social Science Teacher II

Ramos, Renan E. Philippine Politics and Governance. Vibal Group, Inc.2016

WEBSITES:
https://www.clopified.com/download/philippine-politics-and-governance-curriculum-guidecg-humss/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/25140478/Module-1-Politics-and-Governancedocx/
https://www.academia.edu/40066509/DLP_Philippine_Politics_and_Government
https://www.centredaily.com/opinion/article69564172.html
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=N44828&sp=yes&

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You may contact your subject teacher for this module on the following schedule:

I. Schedule: Monday to Friday

Time: 8:00AM to 5:00PM
Contact Details: Mavreen J Olaviaga

II. Format of online consultation

i. Always include the following
a. Your Name
b. Subject Area and Section
c. Questions/Inquiry/Concern

GOD BLESS!

STAY SAFE!

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