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    Orp Measurements

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    pinit
    The document discusses ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) measurements and their use in water treatment applications. ORP is used to indicate oxidizing or reducing conditions and is commonly used to ensure removal of chlorine or other oxidants before membranes or resins. It is very sensitive to small concentration changes of oxidizing or reducing materials. While ORP correlates to concentration, the relationship varies due to other factors. Therefore, ORP setpoints are best determined through titration curves relating ORP to concentration measurements. ORP is useful for controlling feeds of chemicals like bisulfite that reduce chlorine.

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    Orp Measurements

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    pinit
    40 views3 pages
    The document discusses ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) measurements and their use in water treatment applications. ORP is used to indicate oxidizing or reducing conditions and is commonly used to ensure removal of chlorine or other oxidants before membranes or resins. It is very sensitive to small concentration changes of oxidizing or reducing materials. While ORP correlates to concentration, the relationship varies due to other factors. Therefore, ORP setpoints are best determined through titration curves relating ORP to concentration measurements. ORP is useful for controlling feeds of chemicals like bisulfite that reduce chlorine.

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    The document discusses ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) measurements and their use in water treatment applications. ORP is used to indicate oxidizing or reducing conditions and is commonly used to ensure removal of chlorine or other oxidants before membranes or resins. It is very sensitive to small concentration changes of oxidizing or reducing materials. While ORP correlates to concentration, the relationship varies due to other factors. Therefore, ORP setpoints are best determined through titration curves relating ORP to concentration measurements. ORP is useful for controlling feeds of chemicals like bisulfite that reduce chlorine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views3 pages

    Orp Measurements

    Uploaded by

    pinit
    The document discusses ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) measurements and their use in water treatment applications. ORP is used to indicate oxidizing or reducing conditions and is commonly used to ensure removal of chlorine or other oxidants before membranes or resins. It is very sensitive to small concentration changes of oxidizing or reducing materials. While ORP correlates to concentration, the relationship varies due to other factors. Therefore, ORP setpoints are best determined through titration curves relating ORP to concentration measurements. ORP is useful for controlling feeds of chemicals like bisulfite that reduce chlorine.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    THORNTON

    Leading Pure Water Analytics

    Application Bulletin
    ORP Measurements

    ORP (Oxidation-Reduction or redox Potential) measurement is used to indicate the presence of oxidizing or
    reducing conditions in water. In pure water treatment, ORP is most commonly used to assure removal of chlo-
    rine or other oxidizing agent ahead of membranes or deionization resins that could be damaged by oxidation.
    It can warn if the bisulfite feed or carbon bed is not properly removing the chlorine. ORP is also used in other
    process and wastewater applications.

    Oxidizing Agents Reducing Agents


    Example chemicals Chlorine, hypochlorite, peroxide, Bisulfites, activated carbon
    ozone, permanganate
    Typical reaction Cl + 2e- → 2Cl-
    2 SO32- + H2O →
    SO42- + 2H+ + 2e-
    Electrochemical response accepts electrons, raises ORP donates electrons, lowers ORP

    ORP Significance
    The correlation between the concentration of chlorine or other oxidizing or reducing material and ORP varies.
    ORP is logarithmically related to concentration, however, the variables of pH, temperature and other oxidizing
    or reducing materials in the water can cause ORP response to shift significantly. For this reason there is no reli-
    able conversion from ORP in millivolts to concentration in parts per million or billion.

    In moving from an oxidizing to a reducing condition with extremely small (parts per billion) concentration
    changes, the ORP typically drops several hundred millivolts. It is very sensitive in detecting the change and is
    therefore quite useful as a go/no-go alarm parameter. In alarm applications, the exact setpoint value is usual-
    ly not critical. However, where ORP is used to control bisulfite feed, more precision is needed in establishing
    the control point. A titration curve illustrates ORP response and the considerations in establishing a setpoint.

    An ORP titration curve of dechlorination shows the type of response that would be expected for treatment of an
    off-line grab sample. Chlorinated water in this example gives an ORP of over 700 mV on the left. As small 1
    amounts of reducing bisulfite solution are added, the ORP drops in a very non-linear fashion. As the chlorine
    is all reacted and an excess of bisulfite accummulates, the response reaches a plateau near 350 mV to the right.
    It is important to establish the setpoint somewhat above the plateau to prevent wasting bisulfite or causing false
    alarms. The sensitivity of this measurement is apparent from the steep portion of the curve which is the transi-
    tion from oxidizing to reducing conditions. Continuous processes are controlled to operate near a single point
    on such a curve.

    NOTE: This is only an example titration curve. The curve for a specific installation may be shifted signif-
    icantly from these millivolt values but the basic shape will be similar for the dechlorination reaction. On-
    line experience is necessary at startup to establish the particular millivolt operating range and setpoint for
    an application.
    Application Bulletin – ORP Measurements

    The best practice to determine a setpoint for control is to use a colorimetric or other sensitive test for chlorine or
    bisulfite concentration as a reference. The ORP existing at the time the desired concentration is reached is an
    appropriate setpoint value. Test kits for these materials are readily available.

    ORP sensors and instrumentation are very similar to pH. However, the measuring electrode is an inert metal--
    platinum or gold. The metal electrode merely picks up the ORP millivolt signal – the solution's tendency to con-
    tribute or remove electrons from its surface. The reference electrode completes the circuit and adds in its own
    (nearly constant) potential. The instrument measures the combined potential and displays it directly in millivolts.

    Typical ORP Titration Curve for Dechlorination


    + millivolts
    1000 -

    800 -

    600 -

    400 -

    200 -

    0 -| | | | | | | | | | |
    volume of bisulfite added

    There is generally no calibration of sensors. Direct, absolute millivolts are the usual unit of measure. (Because
    ORP instruments are typically pH instruments operating in a millivolt mode, calibration is possible which yields
    a relative millivolt reading. ORP standard solutions are available but they have fairly wide tolerances under
    process conditions. ORP standards are used primarily for verification of electrode response rather than
    2 calibration.)

    There is no temperature compensation with ORP instrumentation as each oxidation-reduction reaction has some-
    what different temperature characteristics and most processes using ORP have fairly stable temperature.
    Application Bulletin – ORP Measurements

    Other Applications
    ORP has excellent sensitivity in low concentrations (ppb ranges) where it is desired to remove an oxidizing or
    reducing material. At higher concentrations, such as to establish a residual chlorine concentration of several parts
    per million, the sensitivity for the particular application should be examined by actual titrations of samples under
    various operating conditions. In some cases, a residual chlorine analyzer may provide better sensitivity.

    Plating Wastewater treatment uses ORP to control treatment of plating rines waters containing chromium or
    cyanide. Chromium must be reduced under acidic conditions (usually with bisulfite) to the form that can be pre-
    cipitated and removed when the pH is raised again. Cyanide must be oxidized (usually with chlorine) under alka-
    line conditions to produce harmless bicarbonate and nitrogen. For further information on these processes contact
    Mettler-Toledo Thornton application support.

    Further Reading
    1. `ASTM Test Method D1498, ASTM, Conshohocken, PA.
    2. Gray and Marshall, "ORP Measurement in Water and Wastewater," Ultrapure Water Journal, Sept/Oct 1993.
    3. Liptak, ed, Instrument Engineers' Handbook--Process Control, Chilton, Chapter 8.15, 1985.
    4. Shinskey, pH and pIon Control in Process and Waste Streams, Wiley 1973.

    For the most current product information visit:

    www.thorntoninc.com

    Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc. Customer/Technical Service email: [email protected]


    36 Middlesex Turnpike Telephone: +1-781-301-8690 www.thorntoninc.com
    Bedford, MA 01730 USA Toll-Free: 1-800-642-4418
    Telephone: +1-781-301-8600 Cust Service Fax: +1-781-271-0214 Created 01/98
    Toll-Free: 1-800-510-PURE Tech Service Fax: +1-781-271-0675 Updated logo & address 09/03


    Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc. – Subject to Technical Changes

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